2026年广东省中职英语一轮复习语法动词和时态讲义

第七章 动词的五种形态 一、动词的五种形态 1. 动词原形do（动词初始的形态） 2. 动词原形动词的第三人称单数形式 does （1）含义:在一般现在时中，主语是第三人单数、动词需要变为第三人称单数形式。注：除“你”、“我”之外都是第三人称，变化规则： （1）直接+s：play—plays ； 元音字母+y，直接+s：say—says buy—buys （2）以s，x，sh，ch，o结尾的动词+es：go—goes teach—teaches fix—fixes （3）以辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再+es：carry—carries 3. 现在分词doing（动词的-ing形式），变化规则： （1）直接+ing：work—working （2）以e结尾，去e+ing；ee结尾不去e：hope—hoping see—seeing （3）重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再+ing：put--putting stop—stopping （4）以ie结尾，改ie喂y，再加ing：die—dying lie—lying tie—tying （5）元音字母加y，直接加ing：play—playing 4. 动词过去式did，变化规则： （1）直接+ed：walk--walked （2）以e结尾直接+d：live--lived （3）辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再+ed：study--studied （4）重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个实辅音字母，再+ed：stop--stopped 5. 动词过去分词 done，变化规则： （1）直接+ed：walk--walked （2）以e结尾直接+d：live--lived （3）辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再+ed：study--studied （4）重读闭音节结尾，双写最后一个辅音字母，再+ed：stop--stopped 第七章 八大时态 *英语中有时态的概念 时态：表示动作发生的时间和状态 因此：不同的时态，动词要写成不同的形式 时间：过去、现在、将来 状态：一般、进行、完成 一、时态及动词结构 时态 动词结构 一般现在时 do/does 一般过去时 did 一般将来时 will do; am/is/are going to do 现在进行时 am/is/are doing 过去进行时 was/were doing 现在完成时 have/has done 过去完成时 had done 过去将来时 should/would do 二、时态讲解 （一）一般现在时 （1）动词形式：动词原形；主语是“三单”，动词+s/es （2）含义：①表示现在经常做的事情或状态，常与表示频率的副词连用 频率副词：always总是，often 经常，usually 通常，sometimes 有时，seldom很少，never从不、hardly 几乎不，once a week每周一次 ②表示客观真理、自然现象（高频考点） I often go swimming in summer. He often goes swimming in summer. The teacher said that the earth is round. 老师说地球是圆的。 1. I ________at 6 every morning. A. get up B. gets C. got up D. am getting up 2. Tom sometimes________to the beach on holiday. A. walk B. walked C.walks D. will walk 3.The moon________round the earth. A. moves B. moved C.move D. will move （二）一般过去时 （1）动词形式: （2）含义： ①表示过去某个时间段内发生的动作 ②表示过去经常发生的动作（频率副词） I played basketball yesterday. When I was a child, I often went skating. （3）时间标志词：yesterday昨天，just now刚才，ago在....之前，last上一个，last night昨晚，once upon a time 从前, the other day 前几天，in+过去的时间(在....年)，in the past在以前，on that day在那天，then那时，the day before yesterday前天，previously 前，先前 yesterday 1. A man________me last night . A. follow B. follows C. followed D. was following 2. My friend and I________at home yesterday. A. will stay B. stay C. is staying D. stayed 3. They ________to England 10 years ago. A. moves B. moved C. move D. will move （三）一般将来时 （1）动词形式:will+动词原形；am/is/are going to+动词原形 （2）含义:表示将要发生的动作，还没做的动作 We will meet again next week. I am going to see a movie. （3）时间标志词：tomorrow 明天，next 下一个，next day第二天，next year 明年，next month下个月，the day after tomorrow后天，in+未来的时间(在....年)，soon很快， in the future在未来，some day将来的某一天，before long 不久之后 1. We________a very important game tomorrow. A. have B. had C. are having D. will have 2. They________many schools in the future. A. build B. are going to build C. builds D. built （四）现在进行时 （1）动词形式：am/is/are+动词ing （2）含义：表示此时此刻正在做的动作 We are having an English class. （3）时间标志词：Look!/Listen! right now/now现在，at the moment 此时此刻，while当...时候，these days 这些天 1. Look! The girl________over there. A. dance B. danced C. is dancing D. dancing 2. My friend will________ in classroom now. A. will read B. read C. is reading D. have read （4）移位动词：go去，come来，leave离开，start开始，arrive到达，其现在进行时可表将来。 I am leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。 1. We don't need to book the restaurant in advance because my aunt________ (come) to our home for dinner this Saturday. 2. The school bus_______（leave) the station at 7:30 a.m. tomorrow，so please don't be late. 3. —Do you know when the art exhibition________(start) next month? —It ________(start) on the10th , according to the notice. （五）过去进行时 （1）动词形式:was/were+动词ing （2）含义：过去某个具体时间点正在做的动作 We were watching TV at 8 p.m. yesterday evening. 1. —I called you at 8 last night but you didn't answer. —l am sorry.I________at that time. A. sleep B. was sleeping C. am sleeping D. slept 2. My friend________at 7 yesterday morning. A. run B. ran C. was running D. will run （3）时间标志词：at that time在当时，at that moment在那一刻，this time yesterday evening昨晚的这个时候 （六）现在完成时 （1）动词形式：have/has+done(过去分词);填定will do个 （2）含义： ①过去的事对现在有影响 ②过去的事持续到现在 I have finished my homework so l can watch TV. I have learned English for l0 years. （3）时间标志词： since（自从...）+时间点 for（累计,达到）+一段时间 so far；up to now；到目前为止 1. I________to dance since I was a kid. A. learned B. learn C. am learning D. have learned 2. My friends________for ten days. A. run B. have run C. was running D. will run 3. Tom________100 books in the past few years. A. read B. reading C. is reading D. has read （4）相关句型： ①第几次做某事：It is the序数词 time that+队句(现在完成时) It is the second time that l have come to Beijing. ②这是最...的...：This/It is+最高级... This is the best movie I have seen. 1. It is the most interesting activity that I________. A. attended B. attend C. will attend D. have attended 2. This is the first time he________the museum. A. is visiting B. visits C. has visited D. visited 难点：动词瞬间变延续： 英语中动词分为瞬间性和延续性 瞬间性动词：go come buy borrow(借)... 延续性动词：run eat fly.. 现在完成时有一段时间的概念，动词要求具有延续性 *换单词： buy一have borrow--keep die-been dead begin-been 1. I________on the dress for 2 weeks. A. have bought B. have had C. bought D. buy 2. The movie________for one hour. A. begin B. has begun C. has been on D. will begin 3. Tom________this book for a week. A. borrow B. borrows C. has borrowed D. has kept 三个词组: have/has gone to去了没回来 have/has been to去过回来了 have/has been in 去某地一段时间 1. Mr. Li________the library and he will come back in the afternoon. A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in 2. I________Beijing twice. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in 3. Tom and his family________America for 10 years. A. have been to B. have gone to C. have been in (七)过去完成时 （1）动词形式：had+done(过去分词) （2）含义：过去的过去 When I got（到达）to the railway station, the train had left.（离开） 过去完成时：两个动作有前后之分 前：过去完成时去 后：一般过去时 1. When I arrived at school, he________. A. have arrived B. had arrived C. arrive D. arrived 2. The train________before went to the station. A. go B. has gone C. had gone D. will go 3. By the time，I________(arrive) at the cinema, the movie________(start) already. 4. She________(finish) her homework before her mother________(come) back home. 5. The little boy________(eat) all the candies when his parents________(find) out. (八)过去将来时 （1）动词形式：would动词原 （2）含义：站在过去展望未来 1. Mike told his parents that he________his grandparents the next weekend. 2. Our teacher announced yesterday that we________（have）English test the following Monday. 3. My sister promised me last night that she________(buy) me a new storybook when she got paid. 参考答案 第六、七章 动词和时态 一般现在时 1. A 2. C 3. A 一般过去时 1. C 2. D 3. B 一般将来时 1. D 2. B 现在进行时 1. C 2. B 3. is coming 4. leaves 5. starts, starts 过去进行时 1. B 2. C 现在完成时 1. D 2. B 3. D 4. D 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. C 过去完成时 1. B 2. C 3. arrived, had started 4. had finished, came 5. had eaten, found 过去将来时 1. would visit 2. would have 3. would buy 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $