Unit 3 Grammar 单元语法 课件2025-2026学年牛津上海版（试用本）英语九年级下册

牛津上海版九年级下 Module 2 Recreation and entertainment Unit 3 Going places Grammar 单元语法 Actions before a time in the past We use the past perfect tense to talk about things that happened before a certain time in the past. We form the past perfect tense with had + the past participle of the verb. When we use the past perfect tense, we are imagining ourselves as situated at point A, telling what happened before that point. Future Past Present A Past perfect tense My sister had already eaten her dinner by six o’clock last night. 2 The past perfect tense is usually used together with an adverbial starting with by. By ten o’clock this morning, we had visited Shanghai Museum. they completed the job. noon yesterday she done the work. ten o’clock this morning I had breakfast. we been for a swim. By had 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 判断依据 1. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。 如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。 如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。 如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday. The table below shows what some of the tourists did yesterday afternoon after they arrived at their hotel. Use information from the table to complete the conversation. The first one has been done for you. had washed her hair had phoned home had gone for a swim had had some tea had got some postcards had gone for a walk had changed some money had had a shower had bought some snacks Earlier and later actions in the past When we talk about two actions in the past, we use the past perfect tense for the earlier action, and the simple past tense for the later action. Victor put down the telephone. He had just phoned home. Elsa dried her hair. She had already washed it. just and already We often use just and already with the past perfect tense for the earlier action in the past. These sentences below are about later actions. Use information from the table in A1 to add sentences about earlier actions. Use just or already. The first one has ben done for you. B1 She had just had some tea. He had just changed some money. He had already bought some snacks. She had just had a shower. He had already got some postcards. 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 判断依据 2. 由“过去的过去”来判定。 过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： （ 1 ）宾语从句中 　　当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。如： 　　She said that she had seen the film before. 过去完成时常常用在told, said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。 例如： He said that he had known her well. 他说他很熟悉她。 I thought I had sent the letter a week before. 我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 判断依据 （ 2 ）状语从句中 　　在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： 　　When I got to the station, the train had already left. 　　After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. 　　注意： before, after 引导的时间状语从句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：Where did you study before you came here? After he closed the door, he left the classroom. （3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。 例如： Mr. Smith died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine. 史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。 I didn’t know a thing about the verbs, for I had not studied my lesson. 我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。 状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。 如when, before,after,as soon as, till/until引导的 例如： When I woke up, it had already stopped raining. 我醒来时雨已停了。 She didn’t go to bed until she had finished her work. 她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。 注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。 例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. 马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。 before and after There is no difference in meaning between the two sentences above. However, the woman wants to emphasize that she ate breakfast first, so she used the past perfect tense had eaten. After I ate breakfast, I went for a swim. After I had eaten breakfast, I went for a swim. The man wants to emphasize that he had a walk first, so he used the past perfect tense had had. Before I ate breakfast, I had a walk. Before I ate breakfast, I had had a walk. By the time and before have a similar meaning in sentences with two clauses, e.g., We had arrived by the time/before it started raining. Tips Read the conversation between two tourists and underline the verbs for earlier actions in the responses. Then emphasize what happened first by using the verbs in the past perfect tense. The first one has been done for you. B2 1 T1 Did you go shopping before dinner? T2 No. We went shopping after we finished dinner. 2 T1 Did you go back to the hotel later? T2 Yes, but before we went back, we did all our shopping. No. We went shopping after we had finished dinner. Yes, but before we went back, we had done all our shopping. 3 T1 Did you see the Sun rise from East Peak? T2 No. Unfortunately, it rose before we reached the top. 4 T1 What was the sunset like at Blue Bay? T2 Great! It set a few minutes after we arrived there. 5 T1 Did you walk around the Peak? T2 Yes, and after we walked around it, we took lots of photos. 6 T1 But I thought your camera was broken? T2 It was, but before we reached Blue Bay, we got it repaired. No. Unfortunately, it had risen before we reached the top. Great! It set a few minutes after we had arrived there. Yes, and after we had walked around it, we took lots of photos. It was, but before we reached Blue Bay, we had got it repaired. 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 判断依据 （ 3 ）表示意向的动词， 如 hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…" We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 　　3. 根据上、下文来判定。 　　I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 主要用法 3. 过去完成时需要与一个表示过去的时间状语连用，它不能离开过去时间而独立存在。此时多与 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等时间副词及 by ， before ， until 等引导的短语或从句连用。 如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.　 　 　Peter had collected more than 300 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten. 行业PPT模板http:///hangye/ 主要用法 4. 过去完成时表示某一动作或状态在过去某时之前已经开始，一直延续到这一过去时间，而且动作尚未结束，仍然有继续下去的可能。 如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，还有继续进行下去的可能） $