UNIT 12 LESSON 1 SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS(课前随身记)(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（北师大版）

本讲义围绕“科学突破”主题，系统梳理阅读词汇（如microscope, penicillin）、写作词汇（如launch, satellite）、多义词汇（orbit的名动用法）及拓展词汇（词形转换如science→scientific→scientist），配合短语积累（如donate sth to sb）和句型公式（get sth done, so much...that...），构建从基础认知到综合运用的语言学习支架。 该资料以科学主题整合语言要素，通过写作词汇例句结合通知、人物描写等场景提升语言能力，拓展词汇的词形转换培养思维品质，分层练习题（单句语法填空、选词填空等）助力学习能力发展。课中辅助教师系统教学，课后帮助学生巩固知识，有效查漏补缺。

LESSON 1　SCIENTIFIC BREAKTHROUGHS 一、阅读词汇 1.under a microscope　　在显微镜下 2.bread mould 面包霉 3.penicillin injection 青霉素注射 4.a navy officer 一名海军军官 5.a nuclear missile 一枚核导弹 6.the test tube 试管 7.the electric circuit 电路 二、写作词汇 1.launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事 The school is planning to launch a campaign to encourage more physical activities among students. 学校计划发起一场鼓励学生们进行更多体育活动的运动。 （通知） 2.satellite n.人造卫星；卫星 This small town is essentially a satellite of the large city nearby. 这个小镇实际上是附近大城市的卫星城。 （地点介绍） 3.split vi.& vt.分割，把……分开；分成（不同部分） The group was split on the issue. 小组在这个问题上有意见分歧。 4.outspoken adj.坦率的，直言不讳的 Her outspoken nature sometimes gets her into trouble. 她直言不讳的性格有时会让她陷入麻烦。 5.perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉 She perceived a change in his attitude. 她察觉到他的态度有所变化。 6.million num.百万 The population of this city has reached ten million. 这座城市的人口已经达到了一千万。 7.humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的 Despite his success， he remains humble and down-to-earth. 尽管他取得了成功，但他仍然谦虚且脚踏实地。 （人物描写） 8.outcome n.结果，后果 The outcome of the game depends on our team’s performance. 比赛的结果取决于我们队的表现。 9.physicist n.物理学家 The physicist received the Nobel Prize for his groundbreaking research. 这位物理学家因他开创性的研究获得了诺贝尔奖。 （人物介绍） 10.joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的 With joint efforts， our team managed to win the championship. 在大家的共同努力下，我们队成功赢得了冠军。 （事件介绍） 三、多义词汇 　orbit n.轨道 vi.& vt.沿轨道运行 ①The satellite has now been launched into orbit. n.轨道 ②The space station orbits the Earth every 90 minutes. vt.沿轨道运行 ③The mission’s goal was to orbit around Mars. vi.沿轨道运行 四、拓展词汇 1.scientific adj.科学（上）的→science n.科学；技术；学科；理科→scientist n.科学家 2.donate vi.& vt.捐献（器官），献（血）；捐赠，捐献→donation n.捐款，捐赠物；捐赠→donor n.捐赠者；供者；赠送人 3.correspond vi.通信→correspondence n.通信；一致；相关 4.instant adj.立刻的，马上的→instantly adv.立即；马上；即刻conj.一……就…… 5.subsequently adv.后来，随后→subsequent adj.随后的 6.relativity n.相对性→relate vt.叙述；使……有联系→relative adj.相对的；有关系的n.亲戚；相关物→relation n.关系；关联；亲属关系→relationship n.关系 7.constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的n.常量，恒量→constantly adv.不断地；时常地 8.finding n.研究的结果；发现→find vt.查找，找到；发现；认为 9.biologist n.生物学家→biology n.（一个地区全部的）生物；生物学 10.accuracy n.准确性；精准度；正确，准确→accurate adj.精确的→accurately adv.精确地，准确地 11.efficiently adv.有效率地，高效能地→efficient adj.有效率的；有能力的；生效的→efficiency n.效率；效能；功效 12.propose vt.提出（某观点、方法等）→proposal n.提议，建议；求婚 1.donate sth to sb/sth　　　向……捐赠某物 2.the instant 一……就…… 3.in an instant 立刻 4.correspond to/with ... 与……相一致/符合 5.figure out 算出，想出 6.single out 挑出；挑选 7.be dedicated to 致力于；献身于 8.enable sb to do ... 使某人有能力做…… 9.not to mention 更不用说 10.range from ...to ... 范围从……到…… 1.句型公式：get sth done 教材原句：With the development of computers， people expected to get more things done efficiently. 随着计算机的发展，人们期望能有效地完成更多的事情。 2.句型公式：so much ...that ...如此多……以至于…… 教材原句：With 18，000 tubes， thousands of circuits and 6，000 switches， it used so much energy that when it was turned on， the lights in the local town went out！ 它有18，000个显像管，数千条电路和6，000个开关，耗电量异常巨大，以至于当它启动的时候，当地所有的灯都熄灭了！ Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.His 　proposal　 （propose） will go ahead despite strong objections from the public. 2.The young teacher complained that the boys were 　constantly　 （constant） talking in her class. 3.The millionaire suffering from liver cancer is desperate for any 　donors　 （donate） to save his life. 4.There are many ways to increase agricultural 　efficiency　 （efficient） in the poor areas of the world. 5.The biologist demanded that all findings should be based on 　accurate　 （accuracy） statistical analysis. Ⅱ.选词填空 从上面“短语积累”栏目中选择合适的短语完成句子。 1.My little son can not walk stably on his own， 　not to mention　 dancing to the music. 2.China will continue to 　be dedicated to　 international cooperation in this area. 3.After the incident，students in that school were asked to leave the classroom 　in an instant　. 4.Who would you 　single out　 as the most promising student of the year？ 5.To their amazement，the result of the experiment 　corresponds to/with　 the theoretical analysis. Ⅲ.完成句子 1.她正在试图在今天结束前完成她的报告。（get sth done） She’s trying to 　get her report done　 by the end of the day. 2.他精力充沛，跑两小时都不用休息。（so much ...that ...） He has 　so much energy that　 he can run for two hours without stopping. 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $