UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语名词性从句复习，系统梳理连接词（that、whether/if、疑问词等）用法、it作形式主/宾语、虚拟语气及主从、宾从、表从、同位语从句的辨析，通过例句感知、分类归纳、即时演练构建从基础到综合应用的学习支架。 该资料以“发现-归纳-应用”为主线，真实语境例句（如未来规划相关句子）提升语言能力，分类表格对比连接词差异培养思维品质，多维度练习（语法与写作、语篇填空）助力学习能力发展。课中便于教师分层教学，课后学生可借即时演练和语篇练习查漏补缺，巩固知识。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 名词性从句复习 阅读下列句子并体会加蓝部分的用法。 1.As you start to make plans for what you want to do with your future， you might ask a question whether you should start your own business. 2.Another advantage is that you will be able to better provide for yourself and your family，or even the economy will benefit if you achieve commercial success. 3.It is no surprise that being one’s own boss is appealing to many people. 4.The fact that you have a passion for your idea will make it much easier to motivate yourself. 5.It is also important whether it should fit your skills. 6.Our final tip is that you should consider whether you want to make your business a solo one or find one or two partners. 【我的发现】 （1）名词性从句具有　名词　的句法功能，在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语或同位语。通常使用　that　、whether或者疑问词来引导名词性从句。 （2）句3、句5为　主语　从句，句1（前半部分）为　宾语　从句，句1（后半部分）、句4为　同位语　从句，句2、句6为　表语　从句。 （3）句3、句5中使用了　it　作形式主语，而真正的主语从句置于句末。 　　名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一、名词性从句的连接词 类别 连接词 用法 连词 that、whether、if （1）只起连接作用，在从句中均不充当任何成分； （2）that无意义；whether/if均表示“是否” 连接代词 what、whatever、which、whichever、 who、whoever、whom、whomever、 whose 既起连接作用，又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或者定语 连接副词 when、where、how、why 既起连接作用，又在从句中作状语 1.that引导名词性从句的用法 （1）that只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何成分，本身在句中也没有含义。 That he passed the exam surprised us all. 他通过了考试，这让我们所有人都很惊讶。 Her worry is that her daughter is not getting along well with her classmates. 她担心的是她女儿和同学们相处得不好。 He told me （that） he would go to college the next year. 他告诉我他明年会去上大学。 （2）that在引导名词性从句时，常可省略，但在以下情况中，that不可省略。 ①that引导的主语从句位于句首时，that不可省略； ②当动词后带有两个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二个从句的连词that不可省略； ③当that引导的宾语从句前有it作其形式宾语时，that不可省略； ④that引导的从句作介词的宾语时，that不可省略； ⑤引导表语从句和同位语从句时，that一般不可省略。 That the earth moves around the sun is a well-known fact. 地球围绕太阳转是一个众所周知的事实。 He said （that） he would come to the meeting and that he would bring some important documents. 他说他会来参加会议，并且会带一些重要文件。 We find it a big surprise that she is still alive in such a serious earthquake. 她在如此严重的地震中还活着，我们感到非常惊讶。 I didn’t tell him anything on the phone except that I needed the money. 电话里我什么都没有告诉他，只是说我需要钱。 The news that our team has won the game is exciting. 我们队赢了这场比赛的消息很令人兴奋。 2.whether/if引导名词性从句的用法 （1）whether、if引导的名词性从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问句转化而来的，whether与if表示“是否”，只起连接词的作用，引导从句，在从句中不作任何成分。 （2）whether和if有时可通用，但在下列情况下，只可用whether： ①whether引导主语从句并置于句首； ②引导表语从句； ③whether从句作介词宾语； ④从句中有or not； ⑤后接动词不定式。 Whether we will go for a picnic tomorrow depends on whether it will be fine. 我们明天是否去野餐取决于天气是否晴朗。 The question is whether we should accept the offer. 问题在于我们是否应该接受这个提议。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 She hasn’t decided whether to go or stay. 她还没决定是去还是留。 【即时演练1】　单句语法填空 ①He has made it clear 　that　 he will not give in. ②We’re thinking about 　whether　 we should invest in this project. ③　Whether　 we will go on a picnic depends on the weather. ④　That　 you remember my birthday touches me deeply. ⑤I don’t know 　if/whether　 he still lives there after so many years. ⑥The news 　that　 our school won the championship spread quickly. 3.疑问词who， whom， whose， what， which， where， why， when， how引导名词性从句的用法 疑问词引导的名词性从句由特殊疑问句转化而来，它们的特点是： （1）疑问词保留自己的疑问含义； （2）疑问词在从句中充当句子成分，如主语、宾语、定语或状语； （3）疑问词引导的从句一律用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。 Who will be our new teacher is still unknown. 谁将成为我们的新老师还未知。 I wonder whose book this is. 我想知道这是谁的书。 Do you know whom they are looking for？ 你知道他们在找谁吗？ That’s where she always is at this time of day. 每天这个时候她总是在那里。 （2023·全国甲卷）What we discovered is that it’s unwise to judge what you eat only by its appearance. 我们发现，仅仅从外表来判断你吃的东西是不明智的。 4.whatever， whichever， whoever， whomever引导名词性从句的用法 whatever， whichever， whoever， whomever可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，并在从句中作主语、宾语和表语等。在此用法中，whatever， whoever等在从句中通常不含疑问意义。whatever＝anything that；whoever＝anyone who。 Whatever you can do helps since your support is important to our work. ＝Anything that you can do helps since your support is important to our work. 你做的一切对我们都有帮助，因为你的支持对我们的工作很重要。 Whichever of the preventive measures benefits the public should be promoted. ＝Any of the preventive measures that benefits the public should be promoted. 任何对公众有用的预防措施都应该被推广。 The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. ＝The gold medal will be awarded to anyone who wins the first place in the bicycle race. 自行车比赛得第一名的人会获得金牌。 【即时演练2】　选词填空 who， whom， whose， what， where， when， how， whatever， whoever， whichever ①The boy is her son， so she believes 　whatever　 he says. ②The problem of 　how　 we can finish the task ahead of time is very important. ③　When　 the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. ④（2024·全国甲卷）On a cool， starry night in mid-September 1870， four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 　what　 is now northwestern Wyoming. ⑤The problem is 　who　 we can get to solve this question. ⑥　Whichever　 team wins the game will get a big prize. ⑦I’ll give the ticket to 　whoever　 wants it. ⑧　Whose　 idea is better has not been decided. ⑨This is 　where　 we found the boy who lives next to me. ⑩Can you tell me 　whom　 you met at the party？ 二、it作形式主语或形式宾语的名词性从句 1.that引导主语从句通常用it作形式主语，而将that从句置于句末。 It’s a pity that you missed the film. 你错过了那部电影真是遗憾。 It seems obvious that he has made a mistake. 很明显他犯了一个错误。 It is suggested that the meeting （should） be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。 2.whether/who/what等疑问词引导主语从句时也常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语从句置于句末。 It is uncertain whether he will come to the party. 他是否会来参加派对还不确定。 It is still unknown which team will win the match. 还不知道哪支队伍将赢得比赛。 3.动词find， feel， consider， make， believe等后面的宾语从句跟宾语补足语时，常使用形式宾语it，而将真正的宾语从句置于句末。 I find it necessary that we should do some exercise every day. 我觉得我们每天进行一些锻炼是有必要的。 4.动词（如have， take “认为”， put“表达”， like， see to等）＋形式宾语it＋that从句。 You must see to it that all the doors are locked before you leave. 你离开前务必确保所有的门都锁好了。 I like it that you came. 你来了，我很高兴。 I take it that you agree with the plan. 我认为你同意这个计划。 5.表示喜爱、憎恶等感情的动词（enjoy， hate， love， like， dislike， appreciate， prefer等）＋it＋when （if） 从句。 I enjoy it when it rains in the summer evening. 我喜欢夏天夜晚下雨的时候。 They dislike it when someone interrupts them while they are speaking. 他们不喜欢有人在他们说话时打断他们。 I would really appreciate it if she offered to help. 如果她愿意帮忙，我会十分感激。 三、名词性从句中使用虚拟语气的用法 1.在主语从句中用来表示“惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此”等，谓语动词用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”，常用的句型有： ①It is necessary （important， natural， strange， etc.） that ... ②It is a pity （a shame， no wonder， etc.） that ... ③It is suggested （requested， proposed， desired， etc.） that ... 2.表示“建议、请求、命令、要求、坚持”等及物动词后面的宾语从句中谓语要用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”，常用的这类动词有suggest， propose， insist， desire， demand， request， order， command等。 3.主语是suggestion， proposal， request， order等表示“建议、请求、要求、命令”等意思的词时，表语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”。 4.表示“建议、请求、命令、要求”等意思的名词后面的同位语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should＋）do”。 It was suggested by him that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss the question. ＝He suggested that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss the question. ＝His suggestion was that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss the question. ＝He put forward a suggestion that we （should） hold another meeting to discuss the question. 他的建议是我们举行另一次会议来讨论这个问题。 【即时演练3】　单句语法填空 ①It puzzles me 　how　 he solved the difficult problem. ②The teacher ordered that the students 　（should） finish　 （finish） their homework on time. ③I have made it a rule 　that　 I keep diaries. ④It is doubtful 　whether　 he will come here. ⑤It was not clear 　why　 the man hadn’t reported the accident sooner. ⑥I would appreciate 　it　 if you could help me with my English. 维度一：基础题型练 使用名词性从句改写句子。 1.A good idea suddenly came to me.I could send my father a present on his birthday. →　A good idea suddenly came to me that I could send my father a present on his birthday.　 （同位语从句） 2.Many students are addicted to computer games.It has become a hot issue. →　That many students are addicted to computer games has become a hot issue./It has become a hot issue that many students are addicted to computer games.　（主语从句） 3.Will ways be found to stop pollution？This is the question worrying the public. →　The question worrying the public is whether ways will be found to stop pollution.　（表语从句） 4.He will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.But he hasn’t decided the time. →　He hasn’t decided when he will leave home to make his fortune in big cities.　（宾语从句） 维度二：语法与写作 用名词性从句完成下列句子。 1.他明确表示不想和我们一起去。 He made 　it clear that he didn’t want to go with us　. 2.老师告诉我们她为我们的进步感到骄傲。 The teacher told us 　that she was proud of our progress　. 3.毫无疑问她的建议对我们来说很有价值。 　There is no doubt that her advice is of great value to us. 4.首先，我想强调的是下周五我们将开始我们的下节课。 To start with， 　what I intend to stress is that　 we are about to start our next lesson next Friday. 5.会议什么时候在哪里开始还没确定。 　When and where the meeting will begin　 has not been decided yet. 维度三：语法与语篇 阅读下面短文，用适当的连接词填空。 　　It was reported 1.　that　 there was an accident at the corner of Roman Street this morning.According to 2.　what　 the police said， a car ran into a truck but fortunately， nobody got injured.3.　Who　 will be responsible for the accident is still under investigation.The police were uncertain 4.　whether　 the driver was guilty or not.5.　What　 the police should do now is 6.　 that　 they must find out what led to the accident.They said it was difficult for them to judge because 7.　how　 the accident happened is not clear.Perhaps the reason was 8.　that　 the driver was too tired to stop the car in time.The driver didn’t admit the fact 9.　that　 he was breaking the speed limit at the turning.The police doubted 10.　whether　 what he said was true and decided to make a further investigation. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·长沙长郡中学期中）Three years into my postdoc （博士后）， I started to wonder whether I needed a new career plan.After applying for more than two dozen teaching jobs， I hadn’t landed a single interview. 　　I had once considered going to art school but had put that idea to the side when I decided to pursue chemistry as an undergraduate.In the years that followed， I kept up my interest in art by taking painting classes at night.My family was bursting with mathematicians， computer programmers， and engineers， so it felt natural to have my daily life center around science. 　　But in the spring after my failed job search， that started to change after a friend excitedly showed me proofs of a review article.She was astonished by what the journal’s scientific illustrator had done with her fundamental sketches （速写）.“That would be such a fun job.” I thought. 　　I decided to test out a new career direction by volunteering to create similar illustrations for my institute’s newsletters.I spent my nights and weekends reading scientific papers and thinking about how to illustrate the results.It was a fun task.I felt I was perhaps on the right path.But could I make a full-time career work？ 　　Searching online， I tracked down people who had that kind of job.I found many had training through scientific illustration master’s degree programs.After living on graduate student and postdoctoral salaries for years， I didn’t have enough money saved up for the programs， so I decided to get a certificate in digital design. 　　I now work as a visual designer at a biomedical research institute where I spend my days working with research to communicate their work visually.I love the fact that I get to combine my scientific and artistic sides. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的职业之旅，在追求科学的基础上实现了自己对于艺术的追求，找到了理想的职业。 1.Why did the author attend classes at night？（　　） A.To please her family. B.To pursue her hobby. C.To pass her undergraduate tests. D.To complete optional courses in art. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，作者上夜校是为了追求自己的业余爱好。 2.What effect did the proofs have on the author？（　　） A.They shook her belief in science. B.They tested out what she learned in class. C.They motivated her to find a new career direction. D.They gave her inspiration for her scientific paper. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，这些校样激励她寻找新的职业方向。 3.What prevented the author seeking a scientific illustration master’s degree？（　　） A.Her financial difficulties. B.Her busy schedule. C.Her new interest in digital design. D.Her lack of confidence. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，由于经济困难，作者无法攻读科学插图硕士学位。 4.How does the author feel about her current job？（　　） A.Pressured.　 B.Curious. C.Desperate.　 D.Satisfied. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章末句可推知，作者对目前的工作很满意。 B 　　（2025·江苏怀仁中学阶段检测）The conventional language of career success moves in only one direction： up.If you really succeed， you reach the top.But there is another type of career path.Sideways moves， without a promotion or a pay rise， can be a benefit to employees and organizations alike. 　　A study carried out by Donald Sull of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and his co-authors in 2021 found that the availability of lateral （横向的） career opportunities has a marked impact on keeping employees.When they decided whether to stay in the company or not， chances to move sideways were two and a half times more important than pay.Another paper， by Xin Jin of the University of South Florida and Michael Waldman of Cormell University， concluded that lateral moves did not just benefit organizations： employees who experienced them were more likely to be promoted and to enjoy higher wage growth later in their careers than employees who did not.You can move up by first moving sideways. 　　The crab-like （螃蟹般的） career has other things going for it.One is that it is a good way to learn new things.As hiring processes increasingly emphasize skills， employers are likely to put comparatively less emphasis on CVs and comparatively more weight on what you know.Messrs Jin and Waldman reason that the upper ranks of companies tend to be people whose capabilities are broad， not deep； that may explain why lateral moves are good for promotion prospects.Along with skills come contacts. Transferring between teams usually means building a bigger internal network.Opening the door to more lateral moves is partly a practical matter.Some bigger employers have “internal talent marketplaces” in which employees can find and apply for jobs elsewhere in the company； smaller firms have fewer such opportunities to offer. 　　Embracing sideways movement also requires the right attitude.Lots of managers like to keep talent to themselves， at the expense of workers and firms.And moving sideways still has less cachet （声望） than moving upwards.Most people find it not so easy to accept. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了职场中横向调动问题，并说明了这一做法的影响和好处。 5.How does the author develop paragraph 2？（　　） A.By telling personal stories. B.By providing research findings. C.By comparing different career paths. D.By making remarks on scientific reports. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段可推知，作者通过提供研究发现展开本段。 6.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 mean？（　　） A.Lateral moves involve gaining new skills. B.Lateral moves are mainly for networking purposes. C.Transferring between teams leads to a larger network. D.Contacts are more important than skills in lateral moves. 解析：C　句意理解题。根据下一句可知，团队之间的调动意味着建立更大的关系网。由此推测，画线句意思是“团队之间的人员调动会形成一个更庞大的关系网”。 7.What do many managers think of lateral career moves？（　　） A.They are a way to keep talent within the company. B.They are seen as a threat to the manager’s own positions. C.They could potentially lead to talent loss within the team. D.They could contribute to the company’s growth in the long run. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，许多管理者认为横向职业调动可能会导致团队内部的人才流失。 8.Who may embrace lateral moves？（　　） A.Bosses who value short-term profits. B.Employees who are eager for more skills. C.Managers who appreciate long-term stability. D.Job hunters who are interested in smaller firms. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，渴望获得更多技能的员工会接受横向调动。 Ⅱ.完形填空 　　（2025·江苏吴中区外国语学校阶段测试）We all remember our first days of high-school， college， our first job.We all remember the feelings of butterflies in our stomachs when we took our 　9　 steps into those positions， the feeling that we were unqualified for what we were doing， that we didn’t 　10　. 　　What if my coworkers don’t like me？ What if I mess everything up？ These are the 　11　 that run through your mind during those first few days as you tiptoe your way around the workplace， being 　12　 that you don’t do anything that will get you noticed， with the 　13　 that when they notice you， you will mess up.But eventually you do get noticed， and you don’t mess up， and soon you develop a 　14　. 　　It has only been a week and you have already fallen into a rhythm.You walk into your workplace and 　15　 to the receptionist who now knows you by name， you get your morning coffee and 　16　 a conversation with a coworker who you’ve quickly developed a friendship with.Whereas before you looked around 　17　 for the sugar and cream， now the location is familiar and you 　18　 it immediately.You walk to your desk， take a sip of coffee， and look over your daily 　19　 that has become all too familiar to you. 　　You notice a new task that you haven’t encountered before， but you no longer feel 　20　 and fear of messing it up.You have 　21　 a week in this place without messing up， people have 　22　 you on how good of a job you’ve done， and you belong here.A 　23　 creeps over your face as you look forward to undertaking this new unproven challenge.The day begins and you fall into your rhythm. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了人们初进职场的情况和适应后的变化。 9.A.first　 B.quick C.big　 D.light 解析：A　根据文章首句可知，这里指我们刚刚进入新职位。 10.A.achieve　 B.belong C.finish　 D.find 解析：B　根据本句中的We all remember the feelings of butterflies in our stomachs可知，我们感到焦虑不安，故没有归属感。 11.A.opinions　 B.memories C.excuses　 D.thoughts 解析：D　根据本段开头的两个问句可知，这些是你脑海中的想法。 12.A.brave　 B.careful C.determined　 D.patient 解析：B　根据上半句中的you tiptoe your way around the workplace可知，你在工作场所蹑手蹑脚地走动，你很小心。 13.A.despair　 B.desire C.fear　 D.promise 解析：C　根据本句中的you tiptoe your way ... will get you noticed可知，你在工作场所蹑手蹑脚地走动，小心不要做任何会引起注意的事情，是担心他们注意到你。 14.A.career　 B.relationship C.habit　 D.rhythm 解析：D　根据下段首句可知，很快你就形成了一种节奏。 15.A.say hello　 B.make an apology C.wave goodbye　 D.tell a story 解析：A　根据空前的You walk into your workplace和空后的to the receptionist who now knows you by name可知，你跟同事打招呼。 16.A.end in　 B.give up C.strike up　 D.cut in 解析：C　根据上半句中的You walk into your workplace和空后的a conversation with a coworker可知，你走进办公室，开始和同事攀谈起来。 17.A.confusedly　 B.curiously C.impatiently　 D.hurriedly 解析：A　根据空前的Whereas before you looked around和空后的now the location is familiar可知，现在是熟悉的位置，之前你却不知道，之前很困惑。 18.A.take in　 B.search for C.think of　 D.reach for 解析：D　根据空前的Whereas before you ... the location is familiar可知，这里指你会立即伸手去拿。 19.A.work　 B.report C.schedule　 D.routine 解析：C　根据空前的look over your daily可知，浏览的是日程安排。 20.A.pleasure　 B.respect C.uncertainty　 D.loneliness 解析：C　根据空前的You notice a new task ... you no longer feel可知，虽然是新任务，但你不再感到不确定。 21.A.survived　 B.planned C.surprised　 D.regretted 解析：A　根据第二段中的during those first few days ... you will mess up可知，第一周你感觉很艰难，现在你在这个地方挺过了一周。 22.A.advised　 B.congratulated C.lectured　 D.questioned 解析：B　根据空后的you on how good of a job you’ve done可知，你做得多么出色，人们祝贺你。 23.A.wrinkle　 B.smile C.frown　 D.sorrow 解析：B　根据空后的as you look forward to undertaking this new unproven challenge可知，你期待着接受新挑战，所以你的脸上掠过一丝微笑。 Ⅲ.语法填空 　　Instead of starting a career in big cities， more and more university 24.　　　　　　 （graduate） choose to return to their hometown.Li Dan is one of them.The girl， 25.　　　　　　 （bear） in a small village in Southwest China， decided to stay with her family and friends after getting her degree at university. 　　With the strong support from national policies that aim to eliminate poverty， she started her own fruit-growing business.Taking advantage 26.　　　　　　 new technology and the Internet， she 27.　　　　　　 （expand） her business to include agritourism over the last several years， creating more than 50 new jobs for the people in her village.28.　　　　　　 （live） in the hometown offers a strong support network.More 29.　　　　　　 （important）， this network is also 30.　　　　　　 good one for getting new agribusinesses up and running quite quickly.Thus， it is no surprise that more and more young people are now attracted to life in the country， 31.　　　　　　 they can fulfill personal goals and contribute to 32.　　　　　　 （they） local communities rather than just being white-collar professionals in big cities.“It is the hard work and your devotion 33.　　　　　　 make a decent life，” said Li Dan in an interview. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章以李丹为例说明了越来越多的大学毕业生选择回到他们的家乡，而不是在大城市开始自己的职业生涯。 24.graduates　考查名词复数。graduate为可数名词，根据more and more可知应用复数形式。故填graduates。 25.born　考查非谓语动词。短语be born in表示“出生于”，此处省略be动词，过去分词作定语。故填born。 26.of　考查介词。短语take advantage of表示“利用”。故填of。 27.has expanded　考查时态和主谓一致。根据后文over the last several years可知，谓语动词应用现在完成时；主语为she，助动词用has。故填has expanded。 28.Living　考查非谓语动词。空处作句子的主语应用动词-ing形式；句首单词首字母要大写。故填Living。 29.importantly　考查词形转换。短语more importantly表示“更重要的是”。故填importantly。 30.a　考查冠词。空后的one为泛指，且good的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 31.where　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词country，从句中缺少地点状语。故填where。 32.their　考查代词。空处修饰名词communities，应用代词their。 33.that　考查强调句。分析句子结构可知，此处为强调句型“It is＋被强调部分＋that＋其他”。故填that。 11 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $