UNIT 1 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

本讲义围绕“责任”主题展开高中英语语言学习，涵盖核心词汇（如mercy, deadline）、重点句型（not...but..., so that引导结果状语从句）、语法解析（定语从句等），并通过阅读理解、写作任务构建从基础语言要素到语篇应用的递进学习支架。 该资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过类比（船与锚的比喻）、引用（“玉不琢不成器”）深化主题理解，提升文化意识中的社会责任感。词汇分类与句型练习夯实语言基础，多样化练习题（完形填空、读后续写）助力课后查漏补缺，兼顾课中教学效率与学生自主学习需求。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment Taking responsibility 　　[1]Honoured guests， teachers and students， it is my pleasure and privilege① to welcome you here today and present my thoughts on this special occasion②. 　　Students， the time has arrived for you to fully accept your passage③ into adulthood.[2]I have seen you grow from nervous Senior 1 students into confident young adults， who sit before me today， ready to embrace④ the next phase⑤ of your lives. You must be both excited and anxious about the new experiences that are in store for⑥ you.[3]Don’t worry， for you are all responsible young people， well prepared and well equipped to successfully manage the challenges of the years ahead. 　　[1]it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to welcome ...and present ...。 　　[2]who引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词young adults；形容词短语ready to embrace the next phase of your lives作状语。 　　[3]for为并列连词，意为“因为，由于”； are all responsible ...， well prepared and well equipped ...是并列谓语。 ①privilege n.荣幸；特殊利益vt.给予特权，特别优待 ②on this special occasion在这个特别的场合 ③passage n.章节，段落；通道，走廊 ④embrace vt.& vi.欣然接受；包含；拥抱 ⑤phase n.阶段，时期 ⑥in store （for sb） 即将发生（在某人身上），等待着（某人） 　　At school， you have gradually understood the importance of a well-developed sense of responsibility⑦. You accept that you are responsible for⑧ your successes and your failures.[4]Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens⑨ you， but rather as a foundation which will support your future development.A ship without an anchor⑩ is at the mercy⑪ of the waves and winds； likewise⑫， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour. 　　[4]该句结构较复杂，treat responsibility后面接了两个由介词as引出的短语，由并列结构not ... but ...连接。每个as短语里又含有一个定语从句，that burdens you修饰a weight，而which will support your future development修饰a foundation。 ⑦a well-developed sense of responsibility 一种高度的责任感 ⑧be responsible for 对……负责 ⑨burden vt.使担负（沉重或艰难的任务、职责等）；负重 ⑩anchor n.锚；给以安全感的人（或物） vi.& vt.抛锚；使固定 ⑪ mercy n.仁慈，宽恕 at the mercy of sb/sth任……处置，对……无能为力 ⑫ likewise adv.同样地；也，而且 　　As students， you must take your studies seriously⑬ and accept responsibility for your own learning. This means meeting deadlines⑭ for your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance⑮， and of course， always aiming for academic excellence. However， your responsibilities go far beyond⑯ your studies.[5]As you go through your daily life， you will encounter⑰ many difficult situations where things may go wrong⑱. Instead of⑲ being quick to blame others， analyse the problem， and if it is indeed your own fault⑳， be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. This way， you practise the virtue㉑ of courage.[6]Always give your best in whatever you set out to do， however difficult that might be. This way， you practise the virtue of determination. Be honest by saying what you mean and by meaning what you say.This way， you practise the virtue of integrity㉒.Taking responsibility in all aspects of your everyday life， therefore， will help build a strong character. 　　[5]As引导时间状语从句，意为“随着……”；where引导定语从句，修饰抽象名词situations。 　　[6]whatever引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语；however引导让步状语从句。 ⑬ take ...seriously 认真对待…… ⑭ deadline n.最后期限，截止日期 ⑮ guidance n.指导；导航 follow sb’s guidance 听从某人的指导 ⑯go far beyond 远远超过……，远远不止于…… ⑰ encounter vt.遭遇；遇到（尤指令人不快或困难的事） ⑱ go wrong （情况）出岔子，出差错 ⑲ instead of 而不是 ⑳ fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点 ㉑virtue n.美德；正直的品性；优点 ㉒integrity n.诚实正直；完整，完好 　　Apart from personal development， assuming responsibility for your actions is also important for the betterment㉓ of society.Society is an organic㉔ whole， and as social beings， we have a responsibility to make a contribution.[7]You may have heard the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish㉕ left on the beach after a storm， by throwing them back into the sea.Passers-by told him that he was wasting his time， for he could not possibly save them all. [8]However， the boy was not discouraged㉖， believing that he could make a difference to㉗ the ones that he saved.As a result， the passers-by felt inspired and joined him in saving the starfish.Similarly， the little things you do can make a difference！For example， picking up garbage㉘ around your neighbourhood contributes to㉙ a cleaner environment.Reporting a speeding car helps ensure road safety.Being energy-efficient leads to㉚ savings㉛ of our precious natural resources.Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and warmth to the elderly.Just like the “starfish boy”， you may even inspire people around you to do the same， which is an added bonus㉜.[9]Working together， we have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society. 　　[7]may have done结构表示对过去情况的推测；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词a small boy；过去分词短语left on the beach after a storm作后置定语，修饰名词starfish；by throwing ... 为“by＋动词-ing形式”构成的介词短语，在句中作状语。 　　[8]动词-ing短语believing ...作伴随状语；第一个that引导宾语从句；第二个that引导定语从句，修饰先行词the ones。 　　[9]动词-ing短语Working together作状语。 ㉓betterment n.改进；改善；改良 ㉔organic adj.有机的，统一的；绿色的，不使用化肥的；生物的 ㉕starfish n.海星，星鱼 ㉖discouraged adj.灰心的 ㉗make a difference to ...对……有影响，改变…… ㉘garbage n.垃圾；废话 ㉙ contribute to 有助于，促进；对……作出贡献 ㉚ lead to 导致，带来；通往 ㉛ saving n.节省物，节省；储蓄金 ㉜ bonus n.意外收获；奖金，红利 　　[10]So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding㉝ experience for both you and those around you.Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on㉞ you.[11]However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade㉟ is good-for-nothing㊱ if not carved.”A man cannot be perfected without trials.[12]Sow㊲ the seeds of success today and your harvest㊳ will be great tomorrow.I wish you every success in your adult life！ 　　[10]so that引导结果状语从句。 　　[11]as引导非限制性定语从句；if not carved为条件状语从句的省略，完整句子应为if it is not carved。 　　[12]本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型。 ㉝rewarding adj.值得的；有益的；有意义的 ㉞weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 ㉟jade n.玉，碧玉 ㊱be good-for-nothing一无是处，不中用；无用之人 ㊲sow vt.& vi.（sowed， sown）播种，种 ㊳harvest n.收成，收获量；收获季节，收割 vt.& vi.收割，捕猎 参考译文 承担责任 　　尊敬的各位来宾、老师和学生们，我很高兴也很荣幸能够欢迎大家出席今天的典礼，并在这个特殊的时刻分享我的一些想法。 　　同学们，你们已经到了完全接受自己即将步入成年的时候了。我见证了你们从紧张的高一新生成长为自信的青年。今天，你们坐在我面前，准备好迎接你们生命的下一个阶段。对于即将到来的种种新体验，你们一定感到既兴奋又焦虑。不用担心，因为你们都是负责的年轻人，你们已经作好了充分的准备，能够成功应对未来的挑战。 　　在学校里，你们已经逐渐认识到具有高度责任感的重要性。你们明白你们应该为自己的成功和失败负责。希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。 　　作为学生，你们必须认真对待自己的学业，并且对自己的学习负责。这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。然而，你们的责任远远不止学习。在日常生活中，你们会遇到许多困难的情况，在这些情况下事情可能会出错。与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。这样，你们就践行了勇气的美德。无论你们打算做什么，无论会有多困难，都要全力以赴去做。这样，你们就践行了决心的美德。心口如一，言出必行。这样，你们就践行了正直的美德。在你们日常生活的各个方面承担责任，如此一来，将有助于你们塑造坚强的品格。 　　除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对社会进步也很重要。社会是一个有机的整体，并且作为社会的一员，我们有责任作出贡献。你们可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的海星扔回海里，以拯救它们。路过的人们告诉他，他是在浪费自己的时间，因为他不可能拯救所有的海星。然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。结果，路人们受到了启发，纷纷和他一起拯救海星。同样，你所做的一件件小事也能有所影响！ 例如，在你们的邻里周围清理垃圾有助于建设一个更加清洁的环境。举报一辆超速行驶的汽车有助于确保道路安全。节约能源就是节约我们宝贵的自然资源。在一家当地养老院做义工能给老人们带去爱和温暖。就像“海星男孩”一样，你们甚至可能激励你周围的人也这么做，这就是一项额外的收获。如果我们共同努力，我们就有能力逐步而持续地推动我们的社会进步。 　　所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。然而，正如中国谚语所说，“玉不琢，不成器。”一个人不经历考验就不可能完美。今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。祝福你们的成年生活一切顺利！ 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks. 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1.Whom does the speaker deliver the speech to？（　　） A.Teachers.　 B.Parents. C.Senior 1 students.　 D.Senior 3 students. 2.How do we treat responsibility properly？（　　） A.We can consider responsibility as a weight which burdens us. B.We can consider responsibility as a foundation to support our future development. C.We can consider responsibility as an obstacle to our future development. D.We can consider responsibility as a challenge to our future development. 3.Why is “an anchor” mentioned in paragraph 3？（　　） A.To imply that an anchor is very important to a ship. B.To show that responsibility will be a weight that burdens the youth. C.To suggest that the youth should be responsible for their study. D.To indicate that a person without a sense of responsibility will be controlled by his improper behaviour. 4.What does the word “betterment” in the fifth paragraph mean？（　　） A.Improvement.　 B.Peace. C.Stability.　 D.Harmony. 5.What does the story of a boy who threw the starfish back into the sea show？（　　） A.It shows the starfish deserves saving. B.It shows the importance of protecting the ocean. C.It shows anyone can make a difference to the world. D.It shows the boy is very brave and clever. 6.What is the author’s purpose in giving the speech？（　　） A.To ask the students to finish their homework on time. B. To encourage the students to take their responsibilities. C. To congratulate the students on their new school life. D.To present his personal thoughts about senior high school life. 答案：1－6　DDDACB 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1.词汇学习——循规律，记单词 （1）动词＋-ing构成名词 ①save→saving 节省物，节省；储蓄金 ②understand→understanding 理解 ③suffer→suffering 痛苦；苦难 ④train→training 训练 ⑤say→saying 谚语 ⑥warn→warning 警告 ⑦park→parking 停车 （2）表示负面情绪的动词-ed形式的形容词 ①discouraged 灰心的，泄气的 ②frustrated 受挫的，沮丧的 ③worried 担心的 ④annoyed 恼火的，生气的 ⑤depressed 消沉的；沮丧的 ⑥disappointed 失望的，沮丧的 2.美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 （1）类比：类比是通过比较两个事物之间的相似特征来论证其中较复杂的事物，这样可以把抽象的事物变得具体，把深奥的道理变得浅显。 请从课文中找出使用类比的句子。 　A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour.　 （2）引用：文中使用了引用的修辞手法。在演讲稿中使用谚语或名人名言，可以增加文章的文采和说服力。 请从课文中找出使用引用的句子。 　However， just as the Chinese saying goes， “Jade is good-for-nothing if not carved.”　 核心词汇集释 1.mercy n.仁慈，宽恕 教材原句　A ship without an anchor is at the mercy of the waves and winds； likewise， a person who has no sense of responsibility is at the mercy of their own careless and thoughtless behaviour. 没有锚的船任凭风浪摆布；同样，没有责任感的人被自己粗心草率的行为所左右。 【用法】 （1）beg/ask for mercy　　乞求/请求宽恕 　　对……怜悯或宽恕 without mercy　　残忍地；毫无同情心地 at the mercy of sb/sth　　任……处置；对……无能为力 It is/was a mercy that ...　幸运的是…… （2）merciful adj.　　宽大的，仁慈的 be merciful to/towards sb　　对某人仁慈 【佳句】　A kind person must show mercy to/have mercy on the weak. ＝A kind person must be merciful to the weak. 一个善良的人应给予弱者怜悯。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The 　merciful　 （mercy） king saved the young officers from death. ②The woman was so foolish that she was completely 　at　 the mercy of him. ③She is a kind-hearted woman and often has mercy 　on　 people who are in trouble. 【写美】　句型转换 ④It was lucky that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue team arrived. →　It was a mercy that she wasn’t seriously hurt and was waiting until the rescue team arrived.（用mercy 改写） 2.deadline n.最后期限，截止日期 教材原句　This means meeting deadlines for your schoolwork， following your teachers’ guidance， and of course， always aiming for academic excellence. 这意味着按时完成作业，听从老师的指导，当然还要永远追求学术上的卓越。 【用法】 deadline for ...　 　……的最后期限 meet/miss a deadline　　按时/未按时完成 before the deadline　　在最后期限之前 【佳句】　The deadline for applications is this Friday.申请截止到本周五。 【练透】　完成句子 ①They failed to 　meet the deadline　 because their time was limited. 由于时间有限，他们没能如期完成。 ②The students all handed in their homework 　before the deadline set by the teacher　. 学生们都在老师规定的最后期限之前交上了作业。 3.guidance n.指导；导航 【用法】 （1）ask/look for some guidance　寻求一些指导 seek guidance from sb　　向某人寻求指导 provide guidance　　提供指导 under sb’s guidance＝under the guidance of sb　　在某人的指导下 （2）guide vt.指导，引导 n.向导，导游 guide sb （to/through/around/sth） 　给某人领路（或导游）；指引 （3）guided adj.　有向导的，有导游的 【佳句】　If you’re confused about career choices， it’s a good idea to look for some guidance from a professional career counselor. 如果你对职业选择感到困惑，向专业的职业顾问寻求一些指导是个好主意。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He guided the chairwoman 　to　 the hall to attend the great wedding. ②　Under　 the guidance of the famous chef， the apprentices learned to cook a variety of delicious dishes. ③Whenever he faced difficulties in business， he would seek 　guidance　 （guide） from his father， who was a successful entrepreneur. 【写美】　句式升级 ④We were guided by a local guide and visited the splendid statue. →　With a local guide guiding us　， we visited the splendid statue.（用with复合结构改写） →　A local guide guiding us　， we visited the splendid statue.（用独立主格结构改写） 4.fault n.过错，责任；弱点，缺点 教材原句　Instead of being quick to blame others， analyse the problem， and if it is indeed your own fault， be ready to admit your mistake and then correct it. 与其急着责怪旁人，不如分析分析问题。而且如果确实是你们自己的错，就准备好承认错误，然后改正。 【用法】 （1）find fault with 对……吹毛求疵；挑……的错 be at fault　　有过错；应当负责 be one’s fault　　是某人的过错 find fault and make trouble　寻事惹非 （2）faulty adj.　　不完美的，有缺陷的；有错误的 faultless adj.　　完美无缺的；无缺点的；没有错误的 【佳句】　Life can be greater than before when you are not busy finding fault with it. 如果你不忙于挑剔生活，生活可以比以前更美好。 Old Tommy is such a stubborn person that he never accepts that he has been at fault. 老汤米是个固执的人，他从不承认自己有错。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It is better to make an apology， even though the company is not 　at　 fault. ②His wife is constantly finding fault 　with　 him， which makes him very angry. ③If you come across 　faults　 （fault） but you still want the bicycle，ask the shop assistant to reduce the price. ④The factory recalled all the 　faulty　 （fault） products to avoid potential harm to consumers. 【写美】　完成句子 ⑤You have been doing excellently and 　your failure is not your fault　. 你一直做得很好，你的失败不是你的错。 5.discouraged adj.灰心的 教材原句　However， the boy was not discouraged， believing that he could make a difference to the ones that he saved. 然而，小男孩并没有气馁，相信自己能影响那些被他救起的海星。 【用法】 （1）be/get discouraged　　变得灰心，泄气 （2）discourage sb from doing sth　　阻止某人做某事 （3）discouraging adj.　　令人泄气的 discouragement n. 　　泄气；灰心；使人泄气的人或事物 【佳句】　The failure was a big blow to him，but he wasn’t discouraged and soon got as enthusiastic as ever.　（人物介绍） 这次失败对他来说是个沉重的打击，但他并不气馁，很快又像以前一样充满热情。 Do not let any failure discourage you， for you can never tell how close you may be to victory. 不要因任何失败而灰心，因为你永远不清楚自己离成功可能有多近。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①His parents tried to discourage him 　from　 dropping out of college to start a business， worried about his future. ②The 　discouraging　（discourage） news that the company might go bankrupt spread quickly among the employees. ③Despite many 　discouragements　 （discourage） in his life， he never gave up his dream of becoming a writer. 【写美】　完成句子 ④After several attempts at solving the difficult math problem failed， he 　began to get discouraged　. 在多次尝试解决这道数学难题都失败后，他开始变得灰心丧气。 6.weigh on sb/sth 使焦虑不安，加重……的思想负担 教材原句　Sometimes， responsibilities may weigh heavily on you. 有时候，责任可能会是你们的一个重担。 【用法】 （1）weigh up　　权衡，斟酌 weigh up the pros and cons　　权衡利弊 weigh sth against sth　　认真考虑某事，权衡某事 （2）weigh （sb） down　　使（某人）烦恼，使（某人）忧心忡忡；使（某人）负荷太重 （3）weigh one’s words　　推敲；斟酌字句 【佳句】　Something was weighing on her mind. 她心事重重。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The responsibility of her new job weighed heavily 　on　 her mind. ②You’d better weigh 　up　 the pros and cons before settling on your choice. ③The heavy workload was weighing him 　down　， and he felt exhausted all the time. 【写美】　完成句子 ④When giving feedback， it’s important 　to weigh your words to avoid hurting others’ feelings　. 在给出反馈时，仔细推敲言辞以免伤害他人感情很重要。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：not ...but ... 不是……而是…… 教材原句　Hopefully， you have learnt to treat responsibility not as a weight that burdens you， but rather as a foundation which will support your future development. 希望你们已经学会不把责任当作困扰你们的重担，而是把它当作支持你们未来发展的基础。 【用法】 （1）not ...but ...连接两个并列的成分，表示意思上的转折，not后面接被否定的内容， but后面接被认可的事实。 （2）not ...but ...连接两个并列的主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于靠近谓语动词的名词，即遵循“就近一致”原则。 【品悟】　I work not because I have to， but because I want to. 我工作不是因为我不得不工作，而是因为我想工作。 【写美】　完成句子 ①Our goal is 　not just to win the game but to improve our teamwork skills　. 我们的目标不仅是赢得比赛，更是为了提升团队协作能力。 ②Not you but Tom 　is responsible for the mistake　 because he is the manager of the department. 不是你而是汤姆要为这个错误负责，因为他是这个部门的经理。 ③She chose 　not to complain about the situation but to take action to change it　. 她没有选择抱怨现状，而是采取行动改变它。 2.句型公式：so that 引导结果状语从句 教材原句　So， dear students， take your first step into the adult world by accepting your responsibilities， so that adulthood will be an enjoyable and rewarding experience for both you and those around you. 所以，亲爱的学生们，将承担责任作为你们迈入成人世界的第一步吧。这样对于你们和你们周围的人来说，成年都将是一段愉快而有益的经历。 【用法】 （1）so that引导结果状语从句，意为“因此，结果”，主从句之间有时用逗号隔开。 （2）so that引导目的状语从句时，从句中通常有may、might、can、could等情态动词，主从句之间不能用逗号隔开，意为“为的是……；以便于……”。 （3）so that引导目的状语从句时可以与in order that互换，但so that不能置于句首。 【品悟】　（2025·1月浙江卷）In a matrix garden， plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground， forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. 在矩阵花园中，具有相似生长需求的植物被分组种植，这样它们就能在地表和地下协同生长，形成一个合作的生态系统，节约用水并抑制杂草生长。 【写美】　完成句子/句型转换 ①The heavy rain lasted for about a week 　so that the sports meeting had to be put off　 until the next month. 大雨持续了大约一周，结果运动会不得不推迟到下个月。 ②She wrote in her diary，“We need to work hard to practice more and speak less， 　so that we won’t regret　 what we have done.” 她在自己的日记中写道：“我们要少说多做，这样才不会为自己做过的事后悔。” ③He set out early so that he could arrive there in advance. →He set out early 　in order to　 arrive there in advance. →He set out early 　so as to　 arrive there in advance. 3.句型公式：祈使句＋and＋陈述句 教材原句　Sow the seeds of success today and your harvest will be great tomorrow. 今天播下成功的种子，明天你们的收获将是巨大的。 【用法】 （1）“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”表示祈使句与后面的句子是顺承关系。 （2）“祈使句＋or/or else/otherwise＋陈述句”相当于“if＋not＋条件状语从句＋主句”。 （3）“名词短语＋and＋陈述句”也有上述句式功能，名词词组中常含有more，another，further，earlier等词。 【品悟】　Work harder（＝If you work harder）， and you will succeed in your studies. 如果你更努力学习，你就会在学业上取得成功。 【写美】　完成句子/一句多译 ①（北师大必修一）Don’t drink too much while running， 　or it’ll make you feel sick　. 跑步的时候不要喝太多水，否则会让你感觉不舒服。 ②　A bit more effort，and　 you will settle the problem. 再努力一点，你就会解决这个问题。 ③再给我一个小时，我就把工作做完了。 →　Give me one more hour　， and I’ll get the work finished.（祈使句） →　One more hour　， and I’ll get the work finished.（名词短语） 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1.His biggest fault　 is that he is too stubborn and refuses to listen to others’ opinions. 2.He always helps his parents weed the garden， carry out the garbage　 and deliver newspapers. 3.The team managed to finish the report just before the deadline　， much to everyone’s relief. 4.She pretended　 to be asleep when her parents came into the room to check on her. 5.My mother prefers to buy organic　 vegetables because she thinks they are healthier. 6.In addition to his salary， he has a 　bonus　 （奖金） of 6，000 yuan per month. 7.A teacher should know how to give proper 　guidance　 （指导） to students in his teaching. 8.It’s important to start building your 　savings　 （储蓄） from an early age. 9.Rainfall has been evenly distributed this year and a good 　harvest　 （收成） can be expected. 10.Patience is a 　virtue　 （美德）， which helps us overcome difficulties calmly. 维度二：词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1.After failing the driving test three times， she felt deeply 　discouraged　 （discourage）and almost gave up. 2.Under the 　guidance　 （guide） of the expert， we have made great progress. 3.This farm grows vegetables 　organically　 （organic）， without using any pesticides or fertilizers. 4.Yesterday I opened a 　savings　 （save） account at the local bank. 5.The 　merciful　 （mercy） judge reduced the criminal’s sentence considering his difficult family background. 6.Punishment can never be an effective cure for 　social　 （society） problems. 7.It took a long time for her to seek 　forgiveness　 （forgive） from her friend after their big argument. 8.Don’t raise your hopes too high， or you may be 　disappointed　 （disappoint） in the end. 9.She felt 　guilty　 （guilt） about forgetting her best friend’s birthday and immediately apologized. 10.The secretary’s sudden 　resignation　 （resign）surprised everyone in the company. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 1.不管他跑得多快，他都赶不上那趟早班车。 　However fast he runs　， he can’t catch up with the early bus. 2.时间一旦被设定就不能更改。（状语从句的省略） 　Once set　， the time cannot be changed. 3.他的脚受伤了，因此他无法参加比赛了。（so that） He injured his foot 　so that he was unable to　 play in the match. 4.困扰我的不是外面的噪音，而是思绪的不断被打断。（not ...but ...） It 　wasn’t the noise outside that bothered me but　 the constant interruption of my thoughts. 5.按时吃药，你很快就会好起来的。（祈使句＋and＋陈述句） 　Take the medicine on time　， and you’ll get better soon. Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　（2025·江苏西安交通大学苏州附属中学调研）Thirty-five years ago， with just one acre of land， a couple of seeds and a bucket of hope， one Nigerian-born scientist began his mission to defeat famine （饥荒） on his continent. 　　News of the drought across Africa in the early 1980s troubled Nzamujo. Equipped with a microbiology PhD and his faith， he travelled back to Africa. There， he found a continent ecologically rich， diverse and capable of producing food. He believes drought wasn’t the only reason for widespread hunger， and that sustainability had been left out. 　　Nzamujo began designing a “zero waste” agriculture system that would not only increase food security， but also help the environment and create jobs. In 1985， he started his sustainable farm “Songhai” in the West African country of Benin. 　　Nzamujo lives on the farm and constantly updates his techniques. He credits his degrees in science and engineering for Songhai’s success. But he also thanks his spiritual and cultural roots， and his father — a driving force in his life who encouraged him to pursue his studies to the highest degree and to use Songhai to share his knowledge. 　　Songhai has several “eco-literacy” development programs. They range from 18-month training courses for farmer-enterprisers， to shorter stays to learn techniques like weeding. People come from all over the world to study Nzamujo’s methods. 　　After seeing success on his first zero waste farm， he expanded throughout Benin and western Africa. Today， the Songhai model is applied across the continent， including Nigena. Uganda， Sierra Leone and Liberia， Nzamujo says they’ve trained more than 7，000 farmer-enterprisers and more than 30，000 people in total since it began. 　　Nzamujo believes zero waste agriculture is now steadily tackling the issues he set out to defeat， hunger， unemployment and environmental declines. And he wants to see it go further. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了学识渊博且有责任心的Nzamujo博士回到非洲，设计“零浪费”农业系统，创立“松海”农场，帮助那里的人们缓解饥荒问题。 1.Which factor related to famine was unnoticed in Nzamujo’s eyes？（　　） A.Poor soil.　 B.Water shortage. C.Lack of resources.　 D.Unsustainability. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，在Nzamujo看来，可持续性是被人们忽略了的造成饥荒的一个原因，换句话说，人们没有注意到农业的不可持续性问题。 2.What does the author intend to do in paragraph 3？（　　） A.Introduce a solution. B.Give examples to the readers. C.Add some background information. D.Summarize the previous paragraphs. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第三段可推知，该段介绍了Nzamujo的解决方案，设计“零浪费”农业系统。 3.How does Songhai help to ease the problem of famine？（　　） A.By offering land.　 B.By trading seeds. C.By educating farmers.　 D.By selling technology. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第五段可知，Songhai项目通过培训农民来帮助缓解饥荒问题。 4.Which of the following best describes Nzamujo？（　　） A.Critical and careful. B.Learned and responsible. C.Optimistic and generous. D.Considerate and ambitious. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第二段前两句可知，获得微生物学博士学位的Nzamujo得知非洲人民遭受饥荒时，带着自己的知识和信仰回到非洲，去帮助那里的人们。由此推断，Nzamujo不但学识渊博而且有责任心。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　What does it mean to take responsibility？ What does being a responsible person mean？ Responsibility is a virtue that everyone should have.But it seems that nowadays most people are willing to take convenience over responsibility.5.（　　） After all，your world is a reflection of you and you alone. 　　Being responsible means being aware.The first step of responsibility starts with being aware of your actions.Consciously or unconsciously，your actions are affecting those around you. 6.（　　） Be responsible and be mindful of every word you say and every act you commit. 　　7.（　　） Seize the present moment，and do all you can today to become a more responsible person.Your responsible acts today will lead to a responsible future. 　　Being responsible involves humility （谦逊）.Responsibility means accepting the consequences of your actions，even if it is the expense of your ego （自我）.We all make mistakes. 8.（　　） By accepting responsibility，we can improve our integrity.Nothing says more of our integrity than the way we handle responsibility. 　　Accept responsibility，learn from your mistakes，and move on with your life.9.（　　） Don’t ever feel it is too late to accept responsibility for wrong actions in the past.Do what is right，and give your soul the peace it deserves. A.So what can you do to be more responsible？ B.The matter is outside our area of responsibility. C.Do it with a sense of pride and a spirit of adventure. D.Don’t ignore what you do to others or how you hurt them. E.Taking responsibility means attending to the needs of the present. F.It is a natural part of life，especially when we act without paying much attention. G.That is the healthiest and most beneficial way to accept our mistakes and failures. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了责任的意义和重要性以及如何变得更负责任。 5.A　上文说明了责任的意义，且提到了大多数人更愿意追求便利而不是责任，A项（那么你能做些什么来更负责任呢？）通过设问来引出下文变得更负责的方法。 6.D　根据空前一句可知，空处应承接上文说明你的行为是如何影响周围的人，以及你该怎么办。D项（不要忽视你对别人做了什么，或者你是如何伤害他们的）符合语境。 7.E　本段的主旨是抓住当下，尽你今天所能成为一个更负责任的人，即关注当前的需要。E项（承担责任意味着关注当前的需要）适合作为段落主旨句。 8.F　根据空前一句可知，人都会犯错，F项（这是生活中很自然的一部分，尤其是当我们不太注意的时候）对这一现象进行评价，下文给出方法。 9.G　空前一句提到了从错误中吸取教训，从而承担责任。G项（这是接受我们的错误和失败的最健康、最有益的方式）说明这么做的好处。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·湖南常德汉寿一中月考）An Indian school teacher has been awarded the 2020 Global Teacher Prize and he has 　10　 to give half of the $1 million prize money to other finalists. The award is to celebrate “exceptional” teachers who have made 　11　 contributions to their profession. 　　Disale， a teacher of an Indian 　12　 school， was chosen as the winner from more than 12，000 nominations from over 140 countries around the world. The award recognized his efforts to 　13　 girls’ education at the school， whose pupils are mostly from primitive communities. In order to 　14　 class textbooks into his pupils’ mother tongue， he learned the 　15　 language. Besides， he created unique QR codes on the textbooks to give students 　16　 to audio poems， video lectures， stories and assignments， greatly 　17　 school attendance. His QR technology is now 　18　 across India， which has been adopted by many schools. 　　At the 　19　 ceremony， Disale told the host that he would share the prize with the other nine finalists from different countries in the world， giving them $55，000 each. He also said， “I believe that my doing this means I can 　20　 their work， which is 　21　. We can reach out and 　22　 the lives of as many students as we can.” 　　Disale’s action drew praise from around the world. 　23　 young children， especially from poor and needy backgrounds is perhaps the best way to help them as individuals， and 　24　 contributes to creating a better world. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一名获得2020年全球教师奖的印度教师Disale。 10.A.refused　 B.swore C.hesitated　 D.demanded 解析：B　根据第三段第一句可知，Disale承诺将100万美元奖金的一半捐赠给其他入围选手。 11.A.shocking　 B.touching C.satisfying　 D.outstanding 解析：D　根据空前的The award is to celebrate “exceptional” teachers可知，该奖项是为了表彰有突出贡献的“杰出”教师。 12.A.public　 B.private C.remote　 D.famous 解析：C　根据下句可知，Disale在印度一所偏远学校任教。 13.A.challenge　 B.promote C.design　 D.defend 解析：B　该奖项表彰了Disale为促进该校女孩教育所做的努力。 14.A.translate　 B.transform C.divide　 D.move 解析：A　根据空后的into his pupils’ mother tongue可知，Disale将课堂课本翻译成当地语言。translate ... into ...意为“把……翻译成……”。 15.A.intelligent　 B.particular C.local　 D.accurate 解析：C　根据上半句In order to ... pupils’ mother tongue可知，Disale为了把课堂课本翻译成学生的母语，所以学习的是当地的语言。 16.A.inspiration　 B.access C.approaches　 D.analysis 解析：B　根据空前的Besides， he created unique QR codes on the textbooks可知，孩子们可以利用二维码看到有声诗歌、视频讲座、故事和作业。 17.A.preventing　 B.influencing C.controlling　 D.improving 解析：D　根据本句语境可知，因为学生能够看到的更加丰富多彩，所以大大提高了学生的出勤率。 18.A.rare　 B.advanced C.popular　 D.fresh 解析：C　根据句中的定语从句which has been adopted by many schools可知，Disale的二维码技术在印度很受欢迎。 19.A.award　 B.meeting C.school　 D.community 解析：A　根据本句语境可知，Disale的承诺是在颁奖典礼上作出的。 20.A.finish up　 B.scale up C.set up　 D.pick up 解析：B　根据下句可知，Disale希望通过分享他的奖金来让他们更努力地工作。 21.A.temporary　 B.attractive C.convincing　 D.worthwhile 解析：D　根据空前的I believe that ...their work可知，Disale认为自己这样做是值得的。 22.A.lighten　 B.instruct C.guarantee　 D.arrange 解析：A　根据空前的We can reach out可知，帮助学生是为了减轻他们的生活负担。 23.A.Feeding　 B.Protecting C.Educating　 D.Evaluating 解析：C　根据第二段第二句可知，此处指教育孩子。 24.A.relatively　 B.properly C.smoothly　 D.actively 解析：D　教育是积极地为创造一个更美好的世界作出贡献。 Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 　　（2025·安徽安庆月考）When I was 16， my parents and I moved to a small town of Arizona. Since my parents were very busy at that time， my Aunt Julia often took care of me during their absence. 　　One rainy day， when Julia and I were heading toward home， I caught sight of an old lady wearing an orange jacket with a huge bag and a walking stick. Out of curiosity， I asked Julia， “Who is she？ What is she doing with that huge bag？” 　　Julia caught a glimpse at her， then told me， “She is called Melinda. She has been collecting garbage with that huge garbage bag in the town for several years. Nobody knows why she’s been doing it. Maybe just for fun.” Hearing her words， I couldn’t help exclaiming， “Wow！ It’s so strange！ Why does she find it funny to collect garbage？” 　　Since that day， I had come across her many times on my way home. She always carried the huge garbage bag whether it was rainy or sunny. Gradually， I didn’t find her strange for collecting garbage. Instead， I began to greet her with a smile. 　　Two years later， I was admitted to Chicago University. To my disappointment， I often saw trash on the lawn on campus. “Why should people litter everywhere？ Who is responsible for the trash？” A few days later， it occurred to me that， since nobody took responsibility for it， why not collect trash myself？ That way， I could walk past the lawn without feeling guilty. 　　Then， I took action. I always took a trash bag and collected trash on the lawn every time I walked past it. A few students also followed suit soon afterwards， keeping the school cleaner and prettier than before. 　　One day， an idea popped into my head when I finished collecting trash — maybe we could help make the city cleaner and prettier too！ Despite the thought that collecting trash in front of so many people outside school was awkward， I knew it was the right thing to do. So I decided to give it a go. 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 　　One day， I was collecting garbage outside the school.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　　　　 　　Then I realized that I should encourage more students to take part.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　 　 　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　One day， I was collecting garbage outside the school. Some people gave me a strange look， as if I were mad. All of a sudden， I thought of the old woman who used to collect garbage many years ago. It occurred to me that I was acting just like her. As strange as that may seem， collecting garbage was meaningful for me. Little by little， a lot of people came to realize that I was doing voluntary service to keep the town clean， and I was complimented and thanked. 　　Then I realized that I should encourage more students to take part. Surprisingly， they agreed and we founded a voluntary group. We gave each student a bright orange jacket with the message “Let’s Keep Our Town Cleaner！” We spent the time not just collecting trash， but also sorting it out and recycling it. The most wonderful thing was that all the people who were close to us were also doing their part！ I said to myself， “This is what the old woman did for me. She has changed my life greatly.” 21 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $