UNIT 1 Section Ⅲ Integrated skills(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（译林版）

本讲义聚焦“善意的谎言”主题议论文写作，系统构建从词汇句式积累到完整写作的学习支架。先提供white lies、out of kindness等核心词汇及refer to...not to...等常用句式，再通过审题谋篇、遣词造句、词句升级（如定语从句合并）步骤指导，结合“是否对绝症病人说善意的谎言”讨论任务及范文，形成“输入-内化-输出”完整写作链，辅以阅读理解等练习巩固语言运用。 该资料以语言能力和思维品质培养为特色，通过结构化写作支架（词汇句式、论证层次）提升学生规范表达能力，借助不同观点讨论任务引导辩证分析，如对比反对与支持善意谎言的理由，培养批判思维。课中教师可依托范文和步骤高效教学，课后学生通过即时演练和范文对比自主查漏补缺，助力学习能力提升。

Section Ⅲ　Integrated skills 写一篇表达对“善意的谎言”理解的文章 　　本单元要求写一篇表达对“善意的谎言”理解的文章，属于表达观点类议论文。表达观点类议论文是一种剖析事物、论述事理、发表意见、提出主张的文体。在写作时，主要通过摆事实、讲道理使读者接受作者的观点。写作步骤是：第一段开门见山，描述现象或表明立场，提出自己的观点。中间段落说理论证自己的观点。为了使论证的层次更清晰，可以使用to begin with、what’s more、besides、in addition等衔接性的词语。最后一段再次表达自己的观点。具体写作结构为： 一、写作常用词汇 1.white lies　　 善意的谎言 2.out of kindness　　出于善意 3.deceive vt.　　欺骗 4.honest adj.　　诚实的 5.truth n.　　事实，真相 6.forgive vt.　　原谅，宽恕 7.hurt vt.　　伤害 8.a crisis of trust　　信任危机 9.warmth and encouragement　　温暖和鼓励 10.contribute to　　有助于 11.the depressing situation　　沮丧的现状 12.feel cheated　　感到被欺骗 13.understandable adj.　　可以理解的 14.cautious adj.　　谨慎的，十分小心的 15.overuse vt.　　过度使用 二、写作常用句式（注意加蓝部分的表达） 1.White lies in Chinese culture refer to lies told out of kindness， not to deceive. 中国文化中的善意的谎言指的是出于善意而说的谎言，并非是为了欺骗。 2.For example， when a friend wears an ill-fitting dress but asks for our opinion， we might say it looks nice to avoid hurting her feelings. 例如，当一位朋友穿着一件不合身的连衣裙，却来询问我们的看法时，为了避免伤害她的感情，我们可能会说这件衣服看起来很不错。 3.Telling white lies contributes to keeping others from being affected by our depressing situation. 说善意的谎言有助于让别人不受我们沮丧处境的影响。 4.People being lied to may feel cheated and depressed. 被骗的人可能会感到被欺骗和沮丧。 5.If a white lie is discovered， it can lead to a crisis of trust and possibly damage the relationship. 如果善意的谎言被发现，可能会导致信任危机，并可能损害关系。 6.I think white lies can be understandable when used properly. 我认为，当善意的谎言被合理使用是可以理解的。 7.We should be cautious not to overuse white lies， for truth is the foundation of good relationships. 我们应该谨慎，不要过度使用善意的谎言，因为真诚是良好关系的基础。 　　假定你是李华，今天你班同学就“是否应该对得了不治之症的病人说善意的谎言”的话题展开讨论，同学们意见不一致。请你根据以下要点写一篇文章。 　　（1）反对说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由； 　　（2）支持说善意的谎言的同学的观点及理由； 　　（3）你的观点。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第一步：审题谋篇，合理布局 第二步：遣词造句，规范得体 ◎核心词汇 1.告知某人某事　　　inform sb of sth　 2.事实，真相　　　truth　 3.作出决定　　　make a decision/decisions　 4.可以接受的　　　acceptable　 5.失去希望　　　lose hope　 6.使情况更糟糕　　　make the situation worse　 7.取决于　　　depend on　 8.积极的态度　　　positive attitudes　 ◎遣词造句 1.如果一个病人得了不治之症，他/她是否应该被告知真相？ 　If a patient is suffering an incurable illness， should he or she be informed of the truth？　 2.有些学生反对。 　Some students are against it.　 3.他们坚持认为，病人应该被告知他们病情的真相，以便他们能够根据自己的健康状况作出适当的决定。 　They insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.　 4.与上述观点相反，一些学生认为善意的谎言是可以接受的。 　Contrary to the above belief， some students hold the view that a white lie is acceptable.　 5.他们担心一旦被告知病情，病人可能会失去希望，这将使情况变得更糟。 　They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， and this will make the situation worse.　 6.在我看来，人们是否应该说善意的谎言取决于病人是什么样的人。 　In my view， whether people should tell a white lie or not depends on what kind of person the patient is.　 7.如果病人有强烈的生存意志和积极的态度，告诉他们真相将有助于治疗。 　If the patient has a strong will to live and a positive attitude， telling them the truth will be helpful to the treatment.　 第三步：词句升级，彰显文采 1.用定语从句合并句2和句3 　Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.　 2.用非限制性定语从句改写句5 　They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， which will make the situation worse.　 第四步：检查誊写，连句成篇 　　　If a patient is suffering an incurable illness， should he or she be informed of the truth？ Today our class have a discussion about it.　 　　　Some students who are against it insist that the patients should be informed of the truth of their illness， so that they can make proper decisions according to their health.Contrary to the above belief， some students hold the view that a white lie is acceptable.They worry that once told about their condition， patients may lose their hope， which will make the situation worse.　 　　　In my view， whether people should tell a white lie or not depends on what kind of person the patient is.If the patient has a strong will to live and a positive attitude， telling them the truth will be helpful to the treatment.But if the patient is the opposite， we had better not do so.　 【即时演练】　 　　假定你是李华，学校英语报正在开展以 “善意的谎言（White Lies）” 为主题的征文活动。请你写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 　　（1）对善意的谎言的理解； 　　（2）举例说明生活中善意的谎言； 　　（3）你对善意的谎言的看法。 注意：（1）写作词数应为 80个左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以便行文连贯。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 参考范文： 　　White lies， as the name tells， are untruths told with good intentions. They are aimed at protecting others from hurt or discomfort. 　　In daily life， we often encounter such lies. For example， when a friend wears an ill-fitting dress but asks for our opinion， we might say it looks nice to avoid hurting her feelings. 　　In my view， although white lies seem to be kind， honesty is always the best policy in the long run. We should use them sparingly and try to find more sincere ways to handle situations. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　Don’t ignore the difference teenagers can make. 　　John Michael Thomas， 14， Florida 　　When John Michael Thomas decided to honor his friend and classmate Elizabeth Buckley， who died from cancer， he remembered how much she loved peacocks （孔雀）.He wanted to build a life-sized peacock fountain in Elizabeth’s favourite park in the city in memory of his friend.He thought it could be a place for people to relax and be inspired.John Michael raised 52，000 to build the fountain. 　　Barrett Smith， 13， Utah 　　The wheels began to turn for Barrett Smith when he heard about Karma Bike Shop， a place where young people can earn free bikes by reading and performing community service. 　　Barrett visited Karma’s owner with his idea： He would collect and repair used bikes and donate them to the shop. 　　He expected to get about 10 donated bikes.In the end， Barrett received 39. 　　Zachary Blohm， 15， Wisconsin 　　The 25-year-old playground at an elementary school near Milwaukee， Wisconsin was so small that only 70 of its 575 students could play on it at a time. 　　That’s when Zachary Blohm saved the day （扭转局面）.He and some volunteers wanted to build a huge playground.To raise money， Zachary planned T-shirt and bake sales， sold tickets and more.He held monthly money-raising events for more than a year.Overall， he collected 130，000 — enough to finish his project. 　　Jack Zimmerman， 16， New Jersey 　　For some people， finding a meal is as simple as opening the refrigerator.For more than 366，000 hungry kids in New Jersey， it’s not that easy. 　　That fact didn’t sit well with Jack Zimmerman， who organized a drive to lessen childhood hunger in his state.His goal： Create 40，000 packaged meals that could be donated to those in need. 　　On game day， Jack and his volunteers started their work.After the final count， the team had packaged 47，124 meals — well above Jack’s goal. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了四位青少年的善举。 1.The peacock fountain was built in a park 　　　.（　　） A.to encourage people B.to cure a cancer sufferer C.to protect the animals D.to cherish the memory of a teenager 解析：D　细节理解题。根据John Michael Thomas， 14， Florida部分中的He wanted to build a life-sized peacock fountain in Elizabeth’s favourite park in the city in memory of his friend.可知，孔雀喷泉建在一个公园里，是为了纪念Elizabeth Buckley。 2.What did Barrett do for Karma Bike Shop？（　　） A.He repaired bikes there. B.He donated bikes to it. C.He helped it win customers. D.He offered a reading service there. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据Barrett Smith， 13， Utah部分中的Barrett visited Karma’s owner with his idea： He would collect and repair used bikes and donate them to the shop.可知，Barrett为Karma自行车商店捐赠自行车。 3.What do the four people have in common？（　　） A.They’re top students. B.They like various public activities. C.They are concerned about others. D.They are money raisers for the poor. 解析：C　推理判断题。文中John Michael Thomas为纪念朋友建造孔雀喷泉，Barrett Smith为车店捐赠自行车，Zachary Blohm为建大操场筹集资金，Jack Zimmerman为减少饥饿儿童而组织活动。由此可推断出，这四个人都很有爱心，他们的共同点是关心他人。 B 　　（2025·苏州姑苏田家炳高级中学月考）Jeff Jensen was in a dilemma （困境）. He was hobbled （跛行） by painful nerve damage in his leg and foot. He needed surgery， but he doubted if he could afford it， even with insurance. “There’s nothing more depressing than seeing a bill for 182，024，000 dollars and going， ‘How much of this will my insurance cover and how much is mine to cover？’” Jensen told WWAY-TV. 　　Luckily for Jensen， his doctor is Demetrio Aguila. The nerve specialist gives patients at his Healing Hands of Nebraska practice in Papillion the option to pay for surgery through volunteer work. He calls it his M25 Program， inspired by the words from a famous book. 　　“We can’t ignore the people in our own backyard，” Aguila told CBS. “We want to be able to offer hope to patients who have lost hope medically.” 　　Using an algorithm （算法）， the clinic calculates community service hours based on the price of the surgery. In Jensen’s case， the $12，000 operation equaled 560 hours of helping out at one of the local charitable organizations registered with the M25 Program. 　　Like 10 percent of Aguila’s patients， Jensen chose the community service. And because hundreds of hours of community service can seem depressing， Aguila， 50， not only lets others help， but he encourages it. “I had this hope that we would remotivate our neighbors and ourselves a sense of volunteerism，” he told CNN. 　　Jensen， whose surgery was completed in February 2020， was helped by more than 100 friends and strangers who volunteered at Orphan Grain Train， which donates food， clothing， and medicine nationally and globally. 　　Count Dave Harvey， founder of the homeless aid organization Least of My Brethren， is the one who is admired by Aguila， “He’s helping us by sending volunteers our way.” he told KMTV in Omaha. “What a cool thing.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了Demetrio Aguila医生通过设立M25项目来帮助贫困的患者，让他们以为社区服务的方式来抵扣手术费的故事。 4.What put Jeff Jensen in a dilemma？（　　） A.The nerve damage. B.The medical insurance. C.The price of the surgery. D.The community service. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，Jensen因为高昂的手术费而陷入两难的境地。 5.What help did Aguila really offer to his patient Jonsen？（　　） A.A way to help cover his medical bills. B.Financial help to cover his medical bills. C.A chance to help serve his communities. D.A free surgery to treat his nerve damage. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段前两句可知，Demetrio Aguila医生给Jensen提供了一个志愿者的工作来支付医疗费用。 6.Why does Dr. Aguila start the M25 Program？（　　） A.To advertise for the hospital. B.To win respect from his patients. C.To promote the concept of donation. D.To sow the seeds of voluntary work in people. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句可知，他希望大家都能重新激发出志愿意识。由此推测，他设立M25项目是为了在人们心中种下志愿者工作的种子。 7.What is Harvey’s attitude towards Aguila’s M25 Program？（　　） A.Critical.　 B.Negative. C.Doubtful.　 D.Supportive. 解析：D　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，Dave Harvey认为Aguila给他们派遣了志愿者进行援助，这非常酷。由此推测，他对M25项目持支持态度。 C 　　Not every man is cut out to be a father.If the thought of fatherhood fills you with fear， maybe it isn’t for you or maybe it’s a sign that you take the responsibility of fatherhood seriously. 　　As a parent， you are always going to have to trust your instincts （本能）.There’s no comprehensive rule book on parenting.You’ll screw up sometimes.Hopefully， your husband or wife will be there to nudge （鼓励） you in the right direction.And， as in many other aspects of life， doing the right thing will rarely make you popular.Your kids will need limits and discipline， and some days they will get angry with you for it.But the kids know on some level that they need limits and that the responsible parent who is setting and enforcing them is doing so because he or she cares.It’s the children whose parents allow them to do anything they want who often harbour doubts about whether they are really loved. 　　Certainly， we can find meaning in a lot of places in life.But for most of us who have seen the emergence of a small baby， fatherhood gives life unparalleled meaning.Parenthood， for a lot of us， may well be an antidepressant — not because you always feel good， but because you no longer have any time to sit around feeling bad.Your kids will always need you in one way or another — first for bottle-feeding， then as fellow pretend superheroes and to apply Band-Aids to skinned knees， and then， when they are teenagers， as a free personal Uber service or， once in a great while， for unexpected deep talks about the meaning of life. 　　I know what I did with my kids day after day， night after night， year over year， mattered so much.I won’t pretend to have everything figured out about life， but I did figure out the immeasurable value in being one link in a great chain of family， stretching back to our ancestors and continuing into the future， into whatever the world throws at us next. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者探讨了为人父母，特别是作为一个父亲应尽的义务和应担负的责任以及作为一个父亲的重大意义和价值。 8.What does the underlined phrase “screw up” in Paragraph 2 mean？（　　） A.Mess up.　 B.Feel down. C.Stay strong.　 D.Get inspired. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段第二句及第四句可知，养育子女没有全面的指导手册，希望你的丈夫或妻子能帮助你向着正确的方向前进。据此推断，画线短语所在句表示有时候你会出错。由此可猜测，screw up意为“把……弄糟；出错”，与mess up意思相近。 9.Which statement will the author probably agree with？（　　） A.Parenting books are essential for parents. B.Strict parents are popular with their kids. C.Disciplining kids is a way to show love. D.Kids seldom understand parents’ intentions. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段中的It’s the children whose parents allow them to do anything they want who often harbour doubts about whether they are really loved.可知，作者认为管教孩子是爱的一种表现。 10.Why does the author mention the things a parent does for kids in Paragraph 3？（　　） A.To share some parenting tips. B.To stress the difficulty of parents. C.To recall the growth of his kids. D.To show the value of being a parent. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，父亲的角色赋予了生命无与伦比的意义，对我们很多人来说，为人父母很可能是一种抗抑郁剂，你的孩子总是会以这样或那样的方式需要你。由此推断，作者提到父母为孩子所做的事情是为了说明做父母的重要性。 11.How does the author mainly feel about fatherhood？（　　） A.Fearful.　 B.Stressed. C.Proud.　 D.Amused. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，作者认为自己作为父亲为孩子们做的事情很重要，是家庭延续不可缺少的一部分，有着不可估量的价值。由此推断，作者为自己的父亲身份感到自豪。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Michael Leviton grew up with a strict code of honesty — where truth meant not just avoiding lies.His family believed that it was important to reveal what was on your mind.If someone asked，“How are you？” the moral response was to say exactly how you were feeling and not brush the question off with a “fine” or “good”.12.（　　） . 　　The consequences of that kind of honesty，however，were often complicated outside the family home. 　　In elementary school，teachers didn’t know how to respond to him，Leviton recalled.They’d call him brave for not crying after a fall，but Leviton would accuse them of lying.“Usually，I found teachers would flee （迅速离开），”said Leviton.“There was no script for how to talk to a five-year-old who refuses to let them say he’s brave.” 13.（　　）. Leviton would accuse his teachers of unfairly targeting black kids，but those same kids，while grateful he defended them，found his bluntness （直率） awkward. 　　14.（　　）. If a potential employer asked him about his flaws，Leviton would spare no detail.He was incapable of creating a flattering （讨人喜欢的） portrayal of himself.“I’d be like，‘I’m trying to get my first job here.I don’t know what I’m gonna be doing in five years，’” he recalled.“They would just be like，‘Okay！ All right.Next question.’” 　　Gradually，Leviton came to realize that constantly revealing his true feelings could have negative impacts.15.（　　）. He began to reply “fine” when people asked him how he was doing.When he got into arguments，instead of asking for an apology，he’d try to pretend it didn’t happen.“I had to just shut up about certain things and be nice and positive and grateful，even if I didn’t feel that way.” 16.（　　） — with just a bit of polite lying and better timing with the truth. A.Today Leviton said that his life is better B.Other children also found him hard to be around C.This would happen multiple times within the same week D.Pretending you were happy when you weren’t was a kind of lie E.As an adult，Leviton’s complete honesty could ruin job interviews F.He wanted someone honest and found his way of thinking refreshing G.He sought to become a little less honest and learn to hide his feelings 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Michael Leviton从小信奉诚实，但长大后发现诚实有时会带来负面影响，因此，他学会了适度的诚实。 12.D　空前讲述了他的家人对于诚实的要求很严格，就连别人随便的一句问候，都应如实回答。D项（当你感觉不太好的时候，回答感觉不错就是一种谎言）中的Pretending you were happy与空前的问题How are you？相呼应。 13.B　空后举例说明同学有时会因为他的直率而感到不舒适。B项（其他孩子也发现很难与他在一起交朋友）符合语境。 14.E　空后谈到，如果一个潜在的老板问他关于他的缺点，他也会细细道来。E项（作为成年人，Leviton的彻底诚实可能会毁掉面试）引出空后具体说明是如何毁掉面试的。 15.G　空前说他意识到了真实地表达自己会有消极影响，空后说他发生了改变。G项（他开始变得不那么诚实了，并且学会了隐藏自己的感受）承接上文说明意识到了有不好的结果，并且引出后文具体如何隐藏自己的感受。 16.A　空后说明了Leviton现在的状态，生活中不再时刻说真话，且此空为全文最后一句话，应总结Leviton的生活变得更好了。A项符合语境。 Ⅲ.应用文写作 　　（2025·江苏海安高级中学月考）假定你是李华，上星期你校组织了一次义卖活动（charity sale）。请你给英国朋友Alex写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括： 　　（1）你参加义卖的过程； 　　（2）你的感想。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 Dear Alex， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　Best regards， 　Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Alex， 　　Last week， our school organized a charity sale to raise money for the children in need. We donated our pocket money and the things that we don’t use but still have value. The playground was full of excitement and laughter. There were a variety of things on sale， including books， toys， and even some handmade crafts. 　　I think it is meaningful to hold such an activity. We not only helped those in need but also learned to share and give. 　Best regards， 　Li Hua 12 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $