UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Extended reading & Project & Assessment-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教用课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件以“外来词”为核心，通过例句“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.”导入，系统梳理外来词的定义、产生原因、传播过程及不同文化态度，辅以词汇注释、语法解析（如“the+比较级...the+比较级...”结构）和文本结构分析，搭建从现象到本质的学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力（核心词汇如integrate、oppose的用法讲解，语法句型解构）、文化意识（对比法语保护母语与英语吸收外来词的态度）和思维品质（阅读理解题培养分析推断能力）。实例“kung fu”的演变直观展示语言融合，分层练习题（完形填空、读后续写）提升综合运用能力，助力学生深化跨文化理解，也为教师提供系统教学资源。

Section Ⅳ　Extended reading & Project & Assessment 目 录 01 篇章助解·释疑难 02 文本透析·剖语篇 03 核心知识·巧突破 04 课时检测·提能力 篇章助解·释疑难 目 录 Borrowed words 　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.” Is there anything special about this sentence？ Well， all the words except “the” and “is” are borrowed from other languages！[1]This comes as no surprise ①， given② that English has borrowed words from more than 300 different languages， including Latin， Greek， French and Chinese.However， English is not alone in borrowing words from other languages—borrowed words can be found in almost all languages. For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon③”， “tank④” and “golf⑤”. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Word borrowing comes about⑥ when two cultures with different languages interact⑦.This tends to happen when there is no suitable word for an object or idea in the native tongue⑧. [2]This phenomenon⑨ has been occurring for thousands of years. In the current age of globalization ⑩， when communications technology brings different cultures closer together， words are even more likely to be borrowed straight from the source language at a faster pace than ever before， especially those related to technological developments， such as “email” and “Internet”. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　[1]句中given that用作连词，引导状语从句，意为“考虑到，鉴 于”。 　　[2]本句的时态为现在完成进行时。基本结构是“主语＋ have/has＋been＋doing ...”，表示谓语动词所叙述的动作行为由过 去开始，一直持续到说话之时且有可能还会继续。 ①come as no surprise 不足为奇 ②given prep.考虑到，鉴于 （后接名词或that从句） ③bacon n.咸猪肉，熏猪肉 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ④tank n.坦克；（贮放液体或气体的）罐 ⑤golf n.高尔夫球运动 ⑥come about 产生，发生 ⑦interact v.互动；相互作用；交流 interaction n.交流；相互影响 ⑧native tongue母语 ⑨phenomenon n.现象 ⑩globalization n.全球化 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Though borrowing words has become faster， the process is still complex， and it takes time before new words are integrated⑪ into everyday speech. At first， the borrowed word is only used by bilingual⑫ speakers.[3]It then spreads to people who do not know the original language， and they will change the pronunciation to fit the way they speak， almost unknowingly⑬.[4]An example of this is the word “kung fu⑭”， which refers to⑮ Chinese martial arts. This word comes from Chinese gongfu. Over time， the sounds that are difficult to pronounce have been replaced with more familiar ones.[5]The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided， but some language communities oppose⑯ adopting words from other cultures. There are countries that make interventions⑰ to keep their native language pure⑱ in order to defend their identity. The French specifically have an official organization that creates new words in order to avoid borrowed words.[6]Some languages have an extremely small number of speakers， such as the Native American Navajo language， used only by the members of the tribe⑲.Under this circumstance， it becomes a matter of survival for the native language to reject⑳ outside influences. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　[3]本句是and连接的并列句。前一个分句中含有who引导的定语 从句，修饰先行词people；后一个分句中动词不定式短语to fit ... 作 目的状语；定语从句they speak修饰先行词way。 　　[4]which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词kung fu。 　　[5]本句为“the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ...”结构，意为 “越……，就越……”。 　　[6]过去分词短语used only by ...作后置定语，修饰名词the Native American Navajo language。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ⑪ integrate vt. & vi. （使）合并；（使）加入 ⑫ bilingual adj.会说两种语言的；用两种语言（写）的 ⑬ unknowingly adv.未意识到地，不知不觉地，无意中 ⑭ kung fu n.功夫 ⑮ refer to 指的是 ⑯ oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 ⑰ intervention n.干涉行为，干预 intervene vi.干预，介入 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ⑱ pure adj.纯净的；完全的 ⑲ tribe n.部落 ⑳ reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥，排异 rejection n.拒绝接受（相信……）；否决 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　[7]While some communities are pessimistic㉑ about the exchange between languages， there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words.English， especially， is based on㉒ a mix of Latin， Greek and Germanic㉓ languages. The English-speaking community does not hesitate about absorbing foreign words into its daily vocabulary. In fact， there have never been any formal academic restrictions㉔ on new borrowed words.[8]Borrowing words allows the language to continue to develop， enabling the community to have a more efficient language which makes it possible for them to share their 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） experiences with new-found ease.[9]It is also through those words that novel㉕ ideas are spread and different beliefs are exchanged more conveniently and quickly. 　　According to the linguist㉖ Edward Sapir， “It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated㉗ language ...” For better or for worse㉘， the tendency㉙ to borrow words has never gone out of style㉚.[10]  The more international and globalized the world becomes， the more language characteristics will be shared between nations and cultures. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　[7]While引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”；that引 导定语从句，修饰先行词communities。 　　[8]动词-ing短语enabling the ...作结果状语，表示自然而然 的结果。 　　[9]本句为强调句，句式结构为It is ...that ...，用来强调 介词短语through those words。 　　[10]本句为“the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较级 ...”结构。 ㉑pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 be pessimistic about 对……感到悲观 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ㉒be based on以……为基础/根据 ㉓Germanic adj.日耳曼语的；德国的 ㉔restriction n.限制，约束 ㉕novel adj.新的，新颖的，新奇的 ㉖linguist n.语言学家；通晓数国语言的人 ㉗isolated adj.孤立的；单独的；偏远的 ㉘for better or for worse 不管是好是坏，不管结果如何 ㉙tendency n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 ㉚go out of style过时 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 参考译文 外来词 　　“The restaurant’s fried tofu is delicious.（这家餐厅的炸豆腐真 美味。）”这句话有什么特别之处吗？好吧，除了“the ”和“is”之 外，所有的单词都是从其他语言中借来的！这并不奇怪，因为英语已 从 300 多种不同的语言中借用了词汇，包括拉丁语、希腊语、法语和 汉语。然而，英语并不是唯一一种从其他语言引入外来词的语言—— 几乎所有语言中都可以找到外来词。例如，被借用到汉语中的英语词 汇包括“培根 （bacon）”“坦克 （tank）”和“高尔夫 （golf）”。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　当不同语言的两种文化相互交流时，外来词就产生了。这种情况 往往发生在当母语中没有合适的词来表达某个物体或某种想法时。这 一现象已经延续数千年。在如今的全球化时代中，当通信技术使得不 同文化更加紧密地联系在一起时，词汇甚至更有可能会以前所未有的 速度直接从原语言中被借用，特别是那些与技术发展相关的词汇，如 “电子邮件 （email）”和“互联网 （Internet）”。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　虽然借词已变得更快，但是过程仍然复杂，新词需要一段时间才 能融入日常用语中。起初，外来词只被双语者所使用，然后这个词会 传播到不懂原语言的人那里，并且他们会在几乎不知不觉中改变外来 词的发音，使之适应自己的语言习惯。这一过程的一个例子就是“功 夫 （kung fu）”这个词，它指的是中国武术。这个词来源于汉语词 汇“功夫 （gongfu）”。随着时间的推移，难以发音的部分被更为熟 悉的发音所取代了。一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起 来就越像本土语言。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　虽然外来词是语言发展几乎难以避免的结果，但是一些语言群体 反对从其他文化中吸收词汇。有些国家为了捍卫自己的身份，对外来 词采取干预措施以保持自己母语的纯正。法国人专门有一个创造新词 的官方组织，以避免外来词。有些语言的使用者数量非常少，例如美 洲印第安人的纳瓦霍语，只有这个部落的成员使用。在这种情况下， 拒绝外来影响关系着母语的生存问题。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对 外来词持欣然欢迎的态度。尤其是英语，它是基于拉丁语、希腊语和 日耳曼语的混合体。英语群体毫不犹豫地将外语词汇吸收到自己的日 常词汇中。事实上，他们对新的外来词从来没有任何正式的学术限 制。借用外来词使英语得以继续发展，使得其群体拥有一种更为有效 的语言，让他们能够以新发现的轻松状态分享他们的经历。也正是通 过那些词，新思想的传播、不同观点的交流得以更加便捷。 　　语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔认为：“很难指出一种完全孤立的语 言……”。不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。世界越是变 得国际化和全球化，不同民族和文化之间就会共享更多语言特征。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 文本透析·剖语篇 目 录 第一步：析架构，理文本脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 第二步：精读文，达明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answer. 1. How does the author support his topic in the first paragraph？（　　） A. By providing exact figures. B. By giving some examples. C. By using some theories. D. By quoting famous sayings. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. Why does word borrowing happen all the time in the history？ （　　） A. It can meet the needs of mutual interaction. B. It happens because of technological developments. C. Words can be borrowed straight from the source language faster than before. D. People in two different cultures like to communicate with each other. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. Who are the first to use borrowed words？（　　） A. The native speakers. B. The bilingual speakers. C. The people who do not know the original language. D. The government officials. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. What can we learn from paragraphs 4 and 5？（　　） A. The French are expert at creating new words. B. Some languages with a small number of speakers will definitely die out. C. Borrowing words are completely forbidden in some language communities. D. In order to defend their identity， some language communities oppose borrowing words. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 5. What is the author’s attitude towards borrowing words in English？ （　　） A. Pessimistic. B. Doubtful. C. Optimistic. D. Indifferent. 6. Which column in the newspaper can you find the passage？（　　） A. Economy. B. Culture. C. Politics. D. Sports. √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 第三步：通词句，学语言表达 1. 词汇学习——循规律，记单词 skateboard （n.滑板）是由动词（skate）＋名词（board）合成的 名词。 合成名词构词法 例词 名词＋名词 weekend 名词＋动词 daybreak 名词＋动词-ing形式 handwriting 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 合成名词构词法 例词 名词＋及物动词＋er/or painkiller 名词＋介词＋名词 editor-in-chief 动词＋名词 typewriter 动词-ing形式＋名词 reading room 形容词＋名词 gentleman 副词＋动词 outbreak 介词＋名词 afternoon 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. 美句欣赏——赏佳句，品用法 举例子：举例子是通过列举有代表性的、恰当的事例来说明事物特征 的说明方法。举例子的作用是使文章表达的意思更明确，更生动形 象，使读者更明白，还可以增强说服力，引发读者思考。 请从课文第一段中找出此类用法的句子。 ⁠ ⁠ For example， English words that are borrowed into the Chinese language include “bacon”， “tank” and “golf”. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 核心知识·巧突破 目 录 核心词汇集释 1. integrate vt. & vi.（使）合并；（使）加入 教材原句　Though borrowing words has become faster， the process is still complex， and it takes time before new words are integrated into everyday speech. 虽然借词已变得很快，但是过程仍然复杂，新词需要一段时间才能融 入日常用语中。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）integrate （sb/sth） into ... 　（使某人/物）融进/加入…… integrate A and/with B　将A和B合并/融合 （2）integrated adj.　　各部分密切配合的；综合的 （3）integration n.　　结合；整合；融合 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　Integrating the kids with the community is essential.使孩子 们融入这个社区是非常必要的。 His music is an integration of tradition and new technology.他的音乐结 合了传统和新技术。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It’s very difficult to integrate yourself a society whose culture is so different from your own. ②An （integrate） transportation system can greatly improve the efficiency of people’s travel. ③The （integrate） of technology into the classroom has transformed the way students learn. into　 integrated　 integration　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　完成句子 ④They are working hard ⁠ ⁠. 他们在研究中努力将理论与实践相结合。 to integrate theory and practice in their research　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. oppose vt.反对，抵制；与……对垒 教材原句　Borrowed words are an outcome of language development that can hardly be avoided， but some language communities oppose adopting words from other cultures. 虽然外来词是语言发展几乎难以避免的结果，但是一些语言群体反对从其他文化中吸收词汇。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）oppose （doing） sth　　反对（做）某事 oppose sb/sb’s doing sth　　反对某人做某事 （2）opposed adj.　　反对的；对立的 be opposed to （doing） sth　反对（做）某事；与……对立 （3）opposing adj.　对立的；相竞争的；相反的 opposite adj.　　对面的；相反的 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　（2025·1月浙江卷）The platform has enabled Ribeiro to realise her dream with a great deal of freedom， as opposed to a restaurant where the service is impersonal， the menu is known in advance， and the meal is expected to be no surprise. 这个平台使里贝罗能够以极大的自由实现她的梦想，而不是像其他餐馆那样，服务没有人格化，菜单提前知道，饭菜也不会让人感到意外。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The local residents strongly oppose （build） a chemical factory in this area. ②Her parents are （oppose） to her marrying a man from a different country. ③The senior students are strongly opposed to （treat） unfairly by others. ④The post office is on the （oppose） side of the street， across from the bank. building　 opposed　 being treated　 opposite　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　句型转换 ⑤In order to protect the environment， I firmly object to using disposable chopsticks. →In order to protect the environment，I ⁠ ⁠. firmly oppose/am firmly opposed to using disposable chopsticks　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 教材原句　While some communities are pessimistic about the exchange between languages， there are also other communities that readily welcome borrowed words. 尽管有些群体对语言之间的互借感到悲观，但是也有其他群体对外来 词持欣然欢迎的态度。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）（be） pessimistic about ...对……悲观的 a pessimistic view of life　　对人生悲观的看法 （2）pessimism n.　　悲观；悲观主义 pessimist n.　　悲观主义者 【佳句】　He was pessimistic about his future， but since he got his new job， he has become very optimistic. 他曾对未来感到悲观，但是自从找到新工作后，他变得很乐观。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Many investors are （pessimism） about the future of the stock market due to the economic uncertainties. ② （pessimist） about the future of the housing market has led many people to postpone their plans to buy a house. pessimistic　 Pessimism　 【写美】　完成句子 ③The doctors his chances of making a full recovery. 医生们对他完全康复的可能性持悲观的态度。 are pessimistic about　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. tendency n.趋势，趋向；倾向，偏好 教材原句　According to the linguist Edward Sapir， “It would be difficult to point to a completely isolated language ...” For better or for worse， the tendency to borrow words has never gone out of style. 语言学家爱德华·萨丕尔认为：“很难指出一种完全孤立的语 言……”。不管是好是坏，借用外来词的趋势从未过时。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）have a tendency to do sth　有做某事的倾向 there is a（n） ... tendency （for sb/sth） to do sth　（某人/某物）有 做某事的倾向/趋势 （2）tend vt. 　　　　照顾；照料 vi.　　倾向；趋于 tend to do sth　　易于做某事，往往会发生某事 tend （to） sb　　照顾某人 tend to/towards　　倾向于，趋于 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　He has a tendency to be optimistic when faced with difficulties. ＝He tends to be optimistic when faced with difficulties. 面对困难时，他有乐观的倾向。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It means that more heat energy tends （trap） in the atmosphere causing the global temperature to go up. ②As people grow older， they tend a more peaceful lifestyle. ③The （tend） of people to use mobile payment has increased significantly in recent years. to be trapped　 to/towards　 tendency　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　一句多译 ④据报道房价在某些城市有下降的趋势。 →It is reported that housing prices in some cities. （tend） →It is reported that housing prices in some cities.（tendency） tend to decrease　 have a tendency to decrease　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：“the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”结构 教材原句　The longer a borrowed word has been in use， the more it sounds and even looks like the native language. 一个外来词使用的时间越长，它听起来甚至看起来就越像本土语言。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 “the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...”意为“越……，就 越……”，表示后者随着前者的变化而变化，前一个“the＋比较 级 ...”通常相当于比较状语从句或条件状语从句，后一个“the＋ 比较级 ...”通常相当于主句。 （1）“the＋比较级 ... the＋比较级 ...”结构中，主句和从句的时 态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。若主句的谓语动词用一般将来 时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。 （2）在意义明确的情况下，主从句都可以有所省略，特别是在谚 语、俗语中。 The more， the better.多多益善。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【品悟】　The more careful you are，the fewer mistakes you will make.你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。 It becomes warmer and warmer when spring comes. 春天来临时，天气变得越来越暖和。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　完成句子 ① the ground is， the air becomes. 地势越高，空气就越稀薄。 ② we do for the people， we will be. 我们为人民做得越多，我们就会越幸福。 ③ you read the book， you’ll feel. 这本书你读得越多，你就越会觉得有趣。 The higher　 the thinner　 The more　 the happier　 The more　 the more interesting　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ④ fish there are in the pond， it is to catch one. 池塘里的鱼越少，就越难抓到一条鱼。 ⑤If everyone contributes a bit， ⁠. 如果每个人都贡献一点，我们的地球会越来越好。 The fewer　 the harder　 our earth will be better and better　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 课时检测·提能力 目 录 维度一：品句填词 根据所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出单词的正确形式。 1. His r of the job offer surprised everyone， as it was a great opportunity. 2. The students stood up one by one to r the English poem in front of the class. ejection　 ecite　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. Pay more attention to your h and you will make much progress in your study. 4. She won first prize in the speech c and received a big round of applause. 5. By the age of two， a child will have a v of about two hundred words. 6. The plants in this region can （忍受） extremely high temperatures in summer. andwriting　 ontest　 ocabulary　 tolerate　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 7. They appeared surprisingly （悲观的） about their chances of winning. 8. According to the survey， most of the local residents （反 对） closing the hospital. 9. The two criminals （溜） out of the diamond shop， disappearing in the darkness. 10. The child’s eyes are full of （纯粹的） innocence， looking at the world with curiosity. pessimistic　 oppose　 slipped　 pure　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 1. She can speak four languages （fluent）， including English， French， Spanish and Chinese. 2. The medical experts say there is a （tend） for this disease to run in rural villages. 3. She thanked her friends （sincere） for their help during the difficult time. 4. I came with the （intend） of staying， but now I’ve decided to leave. fluently　 tendency　 sincerely　 intention　 维度二：词形转换 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 5. But for your close （cooperate）， we wouldn’t have done the work so well. 6. Many consumers show a strong （prefer） for eco- friendly products nowadays. 7. Sometimes， I feel a little （embarrass） by my improper manner at table. 8. Parents should pay attention to their children’s ⁠ （behave） in school and at home. cooperation　 preference　 embarrassed　 behaviour　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 1. 鉴于他们缺乏经验，这项工作他们已经做得不错了。（given that ...） ，they’ve done a good job. 2. 这栋房子融合了中西方的建筑风格。（integrate ...and ...） The house ⁠. 3. 你锻炼得越多，身体就越健康。（the＋比较级 ...， the＋比较 级 ...） The more you exercise， ⁠. Given that they are inexperienced　 integrates Chinese and Western architectural styles　 the healthier you become　 维度三：固定搭配和句式 根据汉语及括号内提示完成下列句子。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. 虽然这是个难题，但我们有信心能解决它。（让步状语从句） ， we are confident we can solve it. 5. 直到第二天，我才得知事情的真相。 （强调句） I learned the truth. While/Although/Though it’s a difficult problem　 It was not until the next day that　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅰ.阅读理解 　　Think of the last time you disagreed with another person.Maybe you argued with a sibling （兄弟姊妹） over what to watch on TV. Or perhaps you tried to convince grown-ups that ice cream makes a better dinner than vegetables.How did your disagreement end？ Were you able to see the issue from the other person’s viewpoint？ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　In many situations， disagreements are unavoidable.They’re part of life.After all， everyone has different opinions.We all have past experiences that shape how we see the world.Still， not all disagreements are bad.In fact， many people look at them as opportunities to learn.They do so by trying to understand where both sides are coming from. 　　How can you understand both sides of an issue？ Often， it’s best to start by asking questions.Questions help us learn about the world around us.The right questions can also help us learn about other people.In a disagreement， asking for more information can help you learn about a 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） person’s viewpoint.It can also lead you to gather more facts.This can paint a better picture of the entire issue. 　　When seeking to understand both sides of an issue， it’s important to know the difference between facts and opinions.Remember， facts are based on true information.Opinions can change from person to person.Paying attention to facts can stop biases （偏见） from taking over in a disagreement.This can help everyone involved see both sides of the issue. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Maybe you’re wondering why it’s important to understand both sides of an issue， anyway.After all， don’t most people just want to prove that their side is right？ Often， that’s true.However， understanding the whole issue can lead to both sides working together. 　　Disagreements may be uncomfortable at first.However， when both sides truly try to understand each other， they often find they have more in common than they thought.The next time you disagree with another person， try asking him questions about his viewpoint.You never know what you might learn. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。生活中的分歧是不可避免的，要学 会理解对方，站在对方的角度考虑问题才能解决分歧。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。生活中的分歧是不可避免的，要学 会理解对方，站在对方的角度考虑问题才能解决分歧。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 1. What does the underlined word “so” in paragraph 2 refer to？ （　　） A. Ignoring chances to learn. B. Knowing more about themselves. C. Shaping a right way to see the world. D. Making the disagreements a chance to learn. 解析：　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句并结合其前一句可推知， 他们这样做是因为试图了解双方的立场，其中 “这样做”即so所指的 “把分歧当作是学习的机会”的做法。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. According to the passage， how can we solve a disagreement？ （　　） A. By changing the other’s opinions. B. By making both sides comfortable. C. By trying to stand in others’ shoes. D. By telling facts and opinions apart. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两个问句以及最后一段前两 句可知，要想解决分歧，双方要真正理解对方，站在对方的立场上想 问题。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. How does the author support his view？（　　） A. By reasoning. B. By describing. C. By persuading. D. By questioning. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段前两句，第四段第一句以及最后 一段前两句可知，作者通过推理来支持他的观点。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. What’s the author’s attitude to people’s arguments？（　　） A. Indifferent. B. Pessimistic. C. Positive. D. Skeptical. 解析：　观点态度题。根据文章内容，尤其是第二段可知，人与人 之间产生分歧是生活的一部分，人们能够从解决分歧的过程中，学会 站在对方的立场想问题，最终解决问题，这是一次学习的机会。因 此，作者对人们的争端持积极态度。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·安徽安庆一中联考）Effective cross-cultural communication goes beyond the mere exchange of words.It involves a deep understanding of cultural adaptability.5.（　　） In this global dance of diplomacy （外交）， the mastery of certain strategies can significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of communication. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　At the heart of effective cross-cultural communication lies cultural awareness， the foundation upon which all other strategies are built.6. （　　） It involves a deep understanding and respect for these differences， recognizing how they influence behaviors， and communication styles.This awareness is crucial in removing potential misunderstandings and enhancing an environment of respect. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　In cross-cultural communication， active listening goes beyond the basic act of hearing words spoken by another person.It involves fully engaging with the speaker， understanding their message in context.Active listening is fundamental in building trust， respect， and understanding across cultural divides.7.（　　） It’s a demonstration of respect and a powerful tool in overcoming the complexities of cross- cultural communication. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　In the rich aspect of global interactions， where diverse languages and cultures co-exist， the value of clarity and simplicity in communication cannot be overstated.8.（　　） By prioritizing clear and straightforward communication， we can significantly reduce the risk of misunderstandings and ensure that our messages are understood as intended. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　9. （　　） Understanding and correctly interpreting these silent signals can be as significant as the spoken word.Non-verbal communication includes body language， facial expressions， and so on.All of them can vary dramatically from one culture to another.Cultural norms （规范） determine what is considered appropriate or offensive in non-verbal communication， making it a field ripe for misunderstandings. A. Listening positively is more than a skill. B. Language acts as both a bridge and a barrier. C. Language mastery is more than just the ability to communicate. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） D. Non-verbal indications reveal our unspoken intentions and feelings. E. Complex language， and idiomatic expressions can easily lead to confusion. F. Cultural awareness goes beyond mere acknowledgment of cultural differences. G. So it enables individuals to bridge the gaps that differences in culture can create. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在国际交往中，我 们如何尊重他国的传统与文化，避免误解。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在国际交往中，我 们如何尊重他国的传统与文化，避免误解。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 5. G　上文提到有效跨文化交流包含文化适应性的理解。G项（因 此，它能够消除文化差异带来的障碍）讲述其好处，其中的It指代上 文的Effective cross-cultural communication。 6. F　空前讲述了文化认知，空后进一步讲它涉及到的东西。F项 （文化意识不仅仅是对文化差异的承认）继续讲述这个问题，空后的 It指代F项中的Cultural awareness。 7. A　空前讲述了积极倾听的意义，空后介绍了它表示尊重，能克服 文化交流的复杂性。A项（积极倾听不仅仅是一种技能）承上启下。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 8. E　空前提到沟通中清晰和简单的重要性。E项（复杂的语言和 习惯用语很容易导致混淆）讲述在全球互动的过程中，清晰和简 单很重要。 9. D　空后一句提到了这些无声的信号。D项（非语言的暗示解释了 我们未言明的意图和感受）引出下文，空后的these silent signals指代D 项中的Non-verbal indications。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅲ.完形填空 　　I was born and raised in the Netherlands， and I had always lived there until I was 30 years old.In the Dutch  　10　， I was sociable and intelligent.And it never occurred to me that this could be different in another culture. 　11　， the first time I moved to the US， I felt emotionally out of  　12　 on many occasions.I want to  　13　 this with three true stories. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　At the start of my stay at the University of Michigan， one professor asked me to join a seminar on emotions.I introduced myself in an  　14　 way as “interested in culture and emotion”.The professor then added my self-introduction to  　15　 American standards， saying that I was one of the world’s experts on the topic.In response， I looked down in  　16　， thinking “expert” was a big word. 　　We lived in North Carolina and had friends coming over to dinner.Conversations were lively and there was a lot of sharing.When my guests left， they thanked me for dinner.My heart  　17　， because “thanking for dinner” in the Netherlands means that the relationship is distant. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　I wrote on my student’s paper that part of her paper was “boring”， then I told my undergraduate students at my US university that they should reflect better and  　18　 more readings.In their teaching  　19　， students wrote that I was “rude”. 　　No one would suggest the Netherlands and the US are dramatically different cultures.The professor meant to make me feel good， but instead made me  　20　.My friends meant to show  　21　， but I thought they were distancing themselves from us.I meant to give my students the comments to which they were  　22　， but they felt it was rude.Where did it go wrong？ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　We think emotions are feelings deep inside us， but  　23　， we always have our emotions in interactions with others.Our emotions are not  　24　 mental feelings， but deeply rooted in the culture where we are raised. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者作为一个土生土长的荷兰人， 在与美国人交流时发现身处不同文化中的人表达情感的方式也不 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者作为一个土生土长的荷兰人， 在与美国人交流时发现身处不同文化中的人表达情感的方式也不 同。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 10. A. content B. context C. contact D. contract 解析：　根据文章首句可知，此处指作者成长的荷兰背景。 11. A. Therefore B. Instead C. However D. Moreover 解析：　根据上句以及空后内容可知，前后文为转折关系，应用 however。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 12. A. shape B. place C. order D. sight 解析：　空前的I felt emotionally out of指作者感到不适，此处为短语 out of place，表示“不适应”。 13. A. generate B. appreciate C. dominate D. illustrate √ √ 解析：　根据后文this with three true stories可知，作者用三个故事来 说明自己在美国的情绪不适应。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 14. A. over-reacted B. over-estimated C. under-developed D. under-stated 解析：　根据空后的way as “interested in culture and emotion”可 知，作者低调地介绍自己“对文化和情感感兴趣”。 15. A. fit B. bend C. lower D. set 解析：　根据空后的American standards， saying ... on the topic可 知，教授对作者自我介绍的补充是为了适合美国的标准。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 16. A. disappointment B. amazement C. embarrassment D. excitement 解析：　根据空后的thinking “expert” was a big word可知，作者认 为教授说自己是专家很尴尬。 17. A. raced B. melted C. ached D. sank 解析：　根据空后because引导的原因状语从句可知，客人表示感 谢，作者心一沉，因为在荷兰，“感谢晚餐”意味着关系疏远。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 18. A. contribute to B. refer to C. adapt to D. appeal to 解析：　根据空后的more readings可知，作者告诉在美国大学的本 科生，他们应该更好地反思，更多地参考阅读。 19. A. evaluations B. predictions C. compositions D. preparations 解析：　根据后半句students wrote that I was “rude”可知，此处指 学生对作者的教学评价。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 20. A. uncomfortable B. unconfident C. unconstrained D. unforgiving 解析：　根据上段尾句中的thinking “expert” was a big word可知， 教授的做法让作者感到不舒服。 21. A. respect B. curiosity C. concern D. gratitude 解析：　根据第三段中的When my guests left， they thanked me for dinner.可推知，此处指客人表达感谢。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 22. A. addicted B. entitled C. compared D. attached 解析：　根据空前内容可知，作者认为学生有权得到老师的评价。 be entitled to表示“有权利做某事”。 23. A. in total B. in advance C. in reality D. in detail 解析：　根据空后的we always have our emotions in interactions with others可知，我们认为情绪是我们内心深处的感受，但实际上，我们 总是在与他人的互动中产生情绪。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 24. A. mostly B. merely C. rarely D. nearly 解析：　根据后半句but deeply rooted in the culture where we are raised可知，情绪不仅仅是心理感受，而是深深植根于我们成 长的文化。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅳ.读后续写 　　阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构 成一篇完整的短文。 　　（2025·南京二十九中月考）Walking across campus with every pair of eyes on you can be embarrassing， especially when you’re 13 years old.I looked around me in desperate search of a friendly face， a smile， anything.I was quite disappointed， to say the least.And I， in turn， felt somewhat foolish， walking across campus with a false smile on my face.I was simply attempting to follow the advice my mother had given 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） me years before： when things get awkward， smile.No matter where you are， a smile will always be understood.A smile is universal.At that very moment， however， I felt my mother’s advice didn’t work. 　　On top of it all， my mind was racing with questions and concerns typical of any 13-year-old on the first day of school： where would I sit at lunch？ Who would I talk to？ Not to mention， how would I make friends when I didn’t even speak the language？ My heartbeat quickened and I felt nervous.Still， I did my best to maintain calm so as not to let my guard down and reveal to others just how scared I truly was. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　When the teacher introduced me to the class as the “American girl”， 10 sets of hands immediately shot up.Some students had questions， and others wanted to practice their English with me.Because I didn’t speak much Chinese yet， I communicated with the other students through hand motions mixed in with broken English and Chinese.Despite the attention， I wasn’t sure how much of it was positive.It was almost as if they weren’t sure what to make of me and I was being examined. Then again， who could blame them？ After all I was the first American ever to attend the school.So essentially， we were all first timers. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 注意：（1）续写词数应为150个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 　　Then came the first class — Chinese painting. As I burnt with great embarrassment， Li Hua， my deskmate， gave me a warm smile. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　　 　  　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　   　　　 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 参考范文： 　　Then came the first class — Chinese painting. To tell the truth， I made every bit of effort to catch up with the teacher’s words， but still couldn’t understand what he was instructing at all.Then all the students were required to finish a piece of work on their own.Seeing those strange drawing tools and the blank paper on the desk， I felt really stressed because I had no idea where to start， also afraid of others laughing at me.I sat rooted in my seat， my face flushing with embarrassment 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　As I burnt with great embarrassment， Li Hua， my deskmate， gave me a warm smile. He seemed to understand my awkward situation， so he turned to me and carefully explained what I should do with fluent English.With his patient guidance， I managed to finish my first Chinese painting！ Simple as it was， the teacher praised my work in front of the class.I couldn’t conceal my pleasure， and joy danced all the way to my heart， for I knew this would be a wonderful beginning of a new school life， just starting with a warm and friendly smile. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） $