UNIT 2 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教用课件（译林版）

该高中英语课件聚焦定语从句复习，涵盖引导词、分类、特殊用法等核心知识。通过“探究发现”阅读例句体会用法，“我的发现”总结规律，构建从实例感知到理论归纳的学习支架，衔接知识概览与要点突破。 其亮点在于结合高考真题设计即时演练，通过“用法-佳句-练透-写美”多维度训练核心词汇，培养语言能力。对比关系代词that/which用法等环节提升思维品质，分层检测助力学习能力发展。学生可巩固语法词汇，教师能高效开展系统教学。

Section Ⅱ　Grammar and usage 目 录 01 重难语法·要攻克 02 核心知识·巧突破 03 课时检测·提能力 重难语法·要攻克 目 录 定语从句复习 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 阅读下列句子并体会加蓝部分的用法。 1. Some people say that the UK and the USA are two countries that are separated by a common language. 2. I spent one term in the UK，where the greatest challenge was the indirect manner of speaking. 3. There were times when questions like “...would be met with the reply ...” ...way of communicating. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. So polite， in fact， that they will sometimes say the complete opposite of what they really mean： a common opinion is “It’s not bad”，which usually translates as “It’s awful”. 5. Now， when speaking to Americans， who have a preference for the direct style， I found that I often failed to get straight to the point. 6. As my experiences clearly show， learning a language is just the beginning！ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【我的发现】 （1）限制性定语从句指修饰名词、代词或名词短语的从句，对修饰 的对象加以限制。在从句中，关系代词或关系副词前没有 ⁠， 如句 ⁠。 （2）非限制性定语从句往往是对先行词或整个主句的补充说明，通 常用 与主句隔开，如句 。 ⁠不能用来 引导非限制性定语从句。 逗号　 1、3　 逗号　 2、4、5、6　 that　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 一、引导定语从句的关系代词 1. 引导定语从句的常用关系代词的用法 关系代词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） The man who/that is standing at the gate is my uncle. 站在门口的那个男人是我叔叔。 The building that/which stands by the river is a new school. 矗立在河边的那栋建筑是一所新学校。 However， because of poverty，Nolan has to leave high school and find a job， whose life is full of ups and downs. 然而，由于贫困，诺兰不得不从高中辍学去找工作，他的生活充满了 起起落落。 As we all know， he is a kind-hearted man. 众所周知，他是个善良的人。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. 像你描述的这样的人现在很少见了。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. 关系代词that和which的用法区别 只用that 的情况 先行词是all， much， few， little， everything， anything， nothing， none， the one等不定代词时 先行词被any， few， little， much， some， no等词修饰或被 the only， the very， the same， the last等修饰时 先行词是形容词的最高级或先行词前有形容词最高级修饰时 先行词是序数词或先行词前有序数词对其进行修饰时 先行词既指人又指物时 主句是以who， which， what等开头的特殊疑问句时 只用which 的情况 在非限制性定语从句中用which不用that 介词后用which，不用that 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） There is little that can be done to change the situation. 几乎没什么能做的来改变这种状况了。 Do you have anything that you want to say for yourself？ 你有什么要为自己说的吗？ This is the only book that I really enjoy. 这是我唯一真正喜欢的书。 She is the most intelligent student that the teacher has ever taught. 她是这位老师教过的最聪明的学生。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Which is the kindergarten that you used to be studying in？ 你以前在哪个幼儿园上学？ I bought a great many books， on which I spent all my money that I saved. 我买了很多书，这些书花光了我所有的积蓄。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【即时演练1】　单句语法填空 ①He failed the exam again， made his parents very sad. ②The professor we met in the library is an expert in this field. ③The boy father is a doctor studies very hard and is bound to succeed. ④Is there anything else you asked me to do for you？ ⑤This is one of the most exciting basketball games my nephew has ever seen. which　 whom/who/that　 whose　 that　 that　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ⑥This is the same book I lost on the playgroung last week. ⑦The house， was built in the 19th century， is very beautiful. as　 which　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 二、引导定语从句的关系副词 关系副词 先行词 在从句中所作的成分 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词或抽象地点名词 （situation、point、activity、 case、stage等） 地点状语 why the reason 原因状语 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） There was a time when（＝during which） people used to travel by horse- drawn carriages. 曾经有一段时间，人们常常乘坐马车出行。 We have reached a point where （＝at which）we have to make a decision. 我们已经到了必须做决定的地步。 He didn’t know the reason why （＝for which） he was dismissed. 他不知道他为什么被解雇了。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【即时演练2】　完成句子 ①The time was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次见到他的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。 ②The activity is very popular among students. 那个我们能学到很多东西的活动在学生中很受欢迎。 ③The reason is that he missed the bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上公交车。 when I first met him　 where we can learn a lot　 why he was late 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 三、定语从句中关系词的选用 方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果是 及物动词，就要用关系代词；如果是不及物动词，则要用关系副词。 方法二：准确判断关系词在定语从句中所作的成分（主、宾、定、 状、表），也能正确选择出是用关系代词还是关系副词。 关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时，应用关系代词 （who， whom， that， which， whose， as）；关系词在从句中作状 语时，应用关系副词（where作地点状语，when作时间状语，why作 原因状语）。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） The letter that/which I received yesterday was from my father. 昨天我收到的那封信是我父亲寄来的。 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年待过的山村。 The award-winning book was written by a teenager，which was， indeed，beyond all expectations. 这本获奖的书是一个十几岁的孩子写的，这确实出乎所有人的意料。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 四、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 1. “介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法 方法一：根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词确定介词。 方法二：根据定语从句修饰的先行词确定介词。 方法三：根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。 The book about which we are talking is very interesting. 我们正在谈论的那本书非常有趣。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） I don’t know the reason for which he was late for school.我不知道他为 什么上学迟到。 The woman with whose help I finished the work is my teacher. 在那位女士的帮助下我完成了工作，她是我的老师。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句注意事项 （1）“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom。 The tall tree under which we often play games is very old. 我们经常在下面玩游戏的那棵大树很古老了。 （2）关系副词where， when， why有时可以用“介词＋关系代词” 替换，介词取决于先行词及“介词＋which”在从句中所作的成分， why只能用for which替换。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. ＝This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 这就是两年前我居住的那个房子。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） （3）“不定代词或数词＋介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句，说 明整体中的一部分。 The company has several departments， each of which has its own functions. 这家公司有好几个部门，每个部门都有各自的职能。 Last week， only two people came to look at the house， neither of whom wanted to buy it. 上周只有两个人来看房子，他们两个人都不想买。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） （4）“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”可替换为 “whose＋名词”，引导定语从句。 The house， the windows of which/of which the windows/whose windows were damaged， has now been repaired. 那所窗子遭到破坏的房子现在已经修好了。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 五、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 和先行词的关系密切，如果省略，主句意义往往不完整 和先行词关系并不十分密切（起补充说明的作用，删除后不影响整个句子意义的表达） 主句和从句不用逗号隔开 主句和从句用逗号隔开 只可以修饰先行词，不可以修饰主句或主句的一部分 既可以修饰先行词，也可以修饰整个主句或主句的一部分 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） People who take physical exercise live longer. 进行体育锻炼的人寿命更长。 His daughter， who is in Boston now，is coming home next week. 他女儿现在在波士顿，下星期要回家了。 The sports meeting was put off， which astonished us. 运动会推迟了，这让我们很吃惊。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整个主句或主句的一部分 可放在句首、句中或句尾，意为“正 如……，正像……”；从句的谓语动词 多为see， know， expect， say， mention， report等 which 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整个主句或主句的一部分，也可修饰先行词 只能置于主句后，常译为“这一点，这 件事”等；which引导的从句与主句之间常含有并列或因果关系 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） As was reported in the newspaper， the new policy will be carried out next month. 正如报纸上报道的那样，新政策将于下个月实施。 They won the game in the end， which was beyond our expectation. 他们最终赢得了比赛，这出乎我们的意料。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. 非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别 非限制性定语从句与主句之间常用逗号隔开，并且不能加入and， but， so等连接词。并列句一般由and， but， so， or等词连接。 He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows， most of which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. ＝He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows， and most of them hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. 他付给那个男孩10美元擦窗户，大部分窗户至少有一年没擦了。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【即时演练3】　单句语法填空 ①（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷）Chinese cultural elements commemorating （纪 念） Tang Xianzu， is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon， William Shakespeare’s hometown. ② is reported in the newspapers， talks between the two countries are making progress. ③I will never forget the day I was admitted into a university. who　 As　 when/on which　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） ④There are a lot of students in the class， many of are from other cities. ⑤（2024·全国甲卷）Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska， became a national monument in 1978， took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. whom　 which　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 核心知识·巧突破 目 录 1. preference n.偏爱；偏爱的事物 教材原句　Now， when speaking to Americans， who have a preference for the direct style， I found that I often failed to get straight to the point. 现在，当我与偏爱直接风格的美国人交谈时，我发现我常常无法直接 切入要点。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）have/show a preference for　　喜好……，偏爱…… （2）prefer v.　　较喜欢，更喜欢 prefer to do/doing sth　　更喜欢做某事 prefer sb to do sth　　宁愿某人做某事 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　I like pop music while my sister has a preference for classic music. 我喜欢流行音乐，而我妹妹偏爱古典音乐。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The restaurant owner shows a （prefer）for traditional cooking methods. ②Nowadays a lot of teenagers prefer （surf） the Internet at home to taking exercise outdoors. ③They prefer （travel） by train because they can enjoy the scenery along the way. preference　 surfing　 to travel　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　一句多译 ④她宁愿步行去上班也不愿开车。 → （prefer to do ...rather than do ...） → （would rather do ...than do ...） She prefers to walk to work rather than drive a car.　 She would rather walk to work than drive a car.　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. embarrassed adj.窘迫的，尴尬的；拮据的 教材原句　Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others， and the situation will also be awkward for the people around them. 那些打破禁忌的人可能会感到沮丧或尴尬，即使他们无意伤害其他 人，这种情况也会让周围的人感到尴尬。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）be embarrassed to do sth　　做某事而感到尴尬 be embarrassed about/at sth　　因某事而窘迫 （2）embarrass vt.　　使窘迫，使尴尬 （3）embarrassing adj.　　让人难堪（尴尬、害羞）的 （4）embarrassment n.　　窘迫，难堪；使人为难的处境 to one’s embarrassment　使某人感到尴尬的是 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　The embarrassing occasion embarrassed him so much that he felt very embarrassed and an embarrassed expression appeared on his face. 这个尴尬的场合使他很尴尬，他感到非常尴尬，他脸上露出了尴尬的 表情。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①It was an （embarrass） moment when I realized I had worn mismatched shoes. ②The girl felt （embarrass） at being the centre of attention. ③To his （embarrass）， he couldn’t answer the simplest question in the interview. embarrassing　 embarrassed　 embarrassment　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　完成句子 ④She because she was afraid of making mistakes. 她不好意思在公共场合唱歌，因为她害怕出错。 was embarrassed to sing in public　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. intention n.意图，计划 教材原句　Those who break taboos are likely to feel upset or embarrassed even if they have no intention of hurting others， and the situation will also be awkward for the people around them. 那些打破禁忌的人可能会感到沮丧或尴尬，即使他们无意伤害其他 人，这种情况也会让周围的人感到尴尬。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）have no intention of doing sth　不打算做某事 with the intention of doing/to do ...　　抱有做……的目的/打算 （2）intend v.　　打算；计划；想要 intend to do/doing sth　　打算/想要做某事 intend sb to do sth　　打算让某人做某事 had intended to do ...＝intended to have done ...　　原本打算做…… be intended for　　打算为……所用，专为……而设计的 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　I start every summer with the best of intentions： to attack one big book from the past， a classic that I was supposed to have read when young and ambitious. 每年夏天， 我都抱有最好的打算：去读一本古书，一本我年轻而雄心 勃勃时就应该读的经典之作。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I intended （visit） him， but I was afraid I would disturb him. ②The scholarship （intend） for outstanding students with financial difficulties. ③They set up the charity organization the intention to help homeless children. ④His father intended him （study） medicine but he decided to join the army. ⑤I （intend） to visit you yesterday， but I was too busy. to visit/visiting　 is intended　 with　 to study　 had intended　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　句式升级 ⑥The university is known for its language and culture courses which are intended for international students. →The university is known for its language and culture courses ⁠ .（分词作定语） intended for international students　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. correspond vi.类似于；相一致，符合；通信 教材原句　This is because the word that corresponds to “umbrella” in Chinese sounds like another Chinese word which means “to separate”. 这是因为汉语中与“伞”对应的单词听起来像另一个汉语单词，意思 是“分开”。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）correspond to/with　　和……相一致，相符合 correspond with sb　　和某人通信 （2）correspondence n.　　一致，符合；通信联系；来往信件 in correspondence with　　与……有通信联系；与……一致 （3）corresponding adj.　　符合的；相应的；相关的 【佳句】　I corresponded with Mary in the past several months when she took care of my mother. 在玛丽照顾我母亲的这几个月里，我和她一直通信。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I have to inform you that the goods do not correspond the samples you sent me. ②I want to figure out why his answer to the question is not in （correspond） with mine. ③（外研选必四）Through comparison， he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond the positions of the stars. to/with　 correspondence　 to　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　同义句转换 ④What she has just said isn’t in correspondence with the views of the majority. →What she has just said the views of the majority.（correspond） doesn’t correspond with/to　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 5. behave vi.& vt.表现得体，有礼貌；表现 教材原句　If you know what to avoid and how to behave， you will spare yourself embarrassment. 如果你知道避免什么和如何表现得体，你就会使自己免于尴尬。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【用法】 （1）behave well/badly to/towards sb 　对待某人好/差 behave oneself　　守规矩；表现得体 （2）well-behaved adj.　　表现好的 badly-behaved adj.　　表现差的 （3）behaviour n.　　举止，行为 be on one’s best behaviour　　尽量表现得体 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【佳句】　Jane has studied these families of chimps for many years and helped people understand how much they behave like humans. 简已经研究这些黑猩猩家族很多年了，她帮助人们了解了黑猩猩跟人 类的行为是多么的相似。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①（2024·北京卷）Dishonest and violent （behave） were disapproved of； leadership， marriage and interactions with other groups were loosely governed by traditions. ②They behaved badly the guests， which made us very disappointed. ③As far as I’m concerned， students should be encouraged to develop good habits and behave （they） well. behaviours　 to/towards　 themselves　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 【写美】　句式升级 ④As citizens，we ，obeying laws， rules and regulations.　（倡议书） 作为公民，我们应该举止得体，遵守法律、法规和规章。 should behave ourselves　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 课时检测·提能力 目 录 维度一：基础题型练 用正确的关系词填空。 1. The flower she planted in the garden is very beautiful. 2. The house windows face the sea is very expensive. 3. The stranger I helped on the street thanked me sincerely. which/that　 whose　 whom/who/that　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. He was late for the opening ceremony， was very surprising to me. 5. All the presents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away. 6. She is such a girl is always finding fault with other people. 7. Can you still remember the time we spent together in our childhood？ 8. The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere his employees enjoy their work. which　 （that） as　 （that/which）　 where　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 9. We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. 10. The newly-built cafe， the walls of are painted light green，is really a peaceful place for us. when　 which　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 1. 正如报纸所报道的，那个地区发生了一场大地震。 ， a big earthquake happened in that area. 2. 你能告诉我她离开公司的原因吗？ Can you tell me the reason ⁠？ 3. 我永远不会忘记我们参观故宫那一天。 I will never forget the day ⁠ ⁠. As is reported in the newspaper　 why she left the company　 when/on which we visited the Palace Museum　 维度二：语法与写作 用定语从句完成下列句子。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. 这个女孩把她在街上捡到的一切都交给了警察。 The girl handed everything in the street to the police. 5. 我们在图书馆遇到的那位教授是这个领域的专家。 The professor is an expert in this field. 6. 他去年搬到的那个城市是一个靠近海边的大城市。 The city is a big one close to the seaside. that she had picked up　 whom/who/that we met in the library　 to which he moved last year　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Tai Dong is a small city in south-east Taiwan 1. I grew up.My family moved there from Taipei the summer 2. I was born. The house 3. I grew up was on a main street in Tai Dong. It was a nice house with a big garden 4. there were a lot of nice flowers. My father sold tea， and my mother had a small restaurant 5. there were always many customers. A cousin of mine 6. family I visited every summer lived with us. He was where　 when　 where　 where　 where　 whose　 维度三：语法与语篇 阅读下面短文，用适当的关系词填空。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） an apprentice （学徒） 7. my father was teaching the tea business to. On the first floor of our house， we had a huge kitchen 8. we all gathered for dinner. I will never forget the happy days 9. we were eating and talking happily. The bedrooms were upstairs. My brother and my cousin slept in one bedroom. I slept in another 10. ⁠ I shared with Polly， the smartest bird that I had ever seen. who/whom/that　 where　 when　 which/that　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　The word listen， as is shown in Longman Dictionary， means paying attention to what someone is saying or to a sound that you can hear.Listening is definitely an important skill in communication.“When people talk， listen completely.” Those words of Ernest Hemingway might be a pretty good guiding principle for many managers.After all， people like being listened to. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Some firms use a technique known as a “listening circle”.In such a circle， only one person can talk about the issues they face at a time and there is no interruption.A study cited in the Harvard Business Review found employees who had taken part in a listening circle subsequently suffered less social anxiety and had fewer worries about work-related matters than those who did not. 　　Listening has been critical to the career of Richard Mullender， who was a hostage （人质） negotiator， dealing with everything from suicide interventions to international kidnaps （绑架）.He defines listening as 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） “the identification， selection and interpretation of the key words”.It is crucial to all effective communication. 　　Plenty of people think that good listening is about nodding your head or keeping eye contact.But that is not really listening， Mr Mullender argues.A good listener is always looking for facts， emotions and indications of the other person’s values.Another important point to bear in mind is that， when you talk， you are not listening.The listener’s focus should be on analysis. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Of course， a listener needs to speak occasionally.One approach is to make an assessment of what the other person is telling you and then check it with them.For example， you can check with the other person by saying “It seems to me that what you want is ...”.That gives the other party a sense that they are being understood.The fundamental aim is to build up a relationship so the other person likes you and trusts you， Mr Mullender says. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成功倾听的秘诀。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了成功倾听的秘诀。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 1. What can we learn about a “listening circle”？（　　） A. A listening circle focuses on personal issues. B. In a listening circle， a speaker won’t be interrupted. C. A listening circle increases worries about work-related matters. D. Employees get rid of social anxiety by taking part in a listening circle. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，在“倾听圈”中， 说话者不会被打断。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 2. What’s Mr Mullender’s attitude to speaking occasionally when listening？（　　） A. Critical. B. Opposed. C. Cautious. D. Favorable. 解析：　观点态度题。根据最后一段可知，对于倾听时偶尔说话， Mullender先生持支持态度。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 3. Why should we be good listeners？（　　） A. To be liked and trusted by other person. B. To check our assessments with other person. C. To make assessments of what the other person is saying. D. To have a sense of being understood by the other person. 解析：　细节理解题。根据文章末句可知，我们之所以要成为好的 倾听者，是为了被对方喜欢和信任。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 4. What’s the best title of the text？（　　） A. The Analysis of a Listening Circle B. The Tricks of Successful Listening C. The Misunderstanding of Listening D. The Necessity of Effective Listening 解析：　标题归纳题。根据文章内容，尤其是最后两段可知，文章 介绍了认真倾听的重要性以及如何成为成功的倾听者。B项（成功倾 听的秘诀）为文章最佳标题。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） B 　　（2025·鄂东南省级示范高中期中）NAIROBI — Mirriam Wambui， a 13-year-old student， speaks Chinese with the confidence of a seasoned linguist despite having only two years of exposure to the language.She won the Kenyan Chinese Bridge Competition， ranked sixth in Africa and made it to the top 30 globally at the contest in Tianjin in late October. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　“I was overjoyed to win in Kenya，” Mirriam says.Her journey with the Chinese language began through her eldest brother， who traveled to China in 2015 to pursue a master’s degree in Chinese.When he returned to visit their family in Nairobi in 2019， Mirriam was impressed by his fluency in Chinese.“My brother came back with a cellphone I had never seen before， and everything he brought， including electronics， was made in China.I became curious about this country that seemed to produce so much，” she says with a giggle. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Inspired， she enrolled in Chinese language classes two years ago.In May， with only two weeks left， she asked to join the school’s Chinese Bridge team.“My teacher was shocked as I wasn’t initially picked， but I believed in myself and went all out to prepare.” she says. 　　Her confidence paid off.At Kenyatta University， she wowed judges and won a laptop， a trophy （奖杯） and a sponsored China trip.In October， she visited China.“People were so nice，” she says. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Her success inspired peers to learn Chinese.Teacher Charity Atunga says Chinese is the most popular of three options， with 90 of 200 students choosing it.“Support from parents and schools makes it great.Students see benefits like scholarships，” Atunga adds.She herself studied in China on a scholarship and later became a teacher. 　　Kenyatta University， in partnership with Shandong Normal University， hosts the Chinese Bridge Competition for high school students in Kenya.Through this partnership， over 300 Kenyan students have traveled to China. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　“I want to become an ambassador in the future and learn more about Chinese language and culture.” says Mirriam. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。13岁肯尼亚学生Mirriam Wambui受 哥哥影响学习中文，取得优异成绩并激励同龄人学习中文。文章展 现了语言学习对跨文化交流和个人发展的意义。 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。13岁肯尼亚学生Mirriam Wambui受 哥哥影响学习中文，取得优异成绩并激励同龄人学习中文。文章展 现了语言学习对跨文化交流和个人发展的意义。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 5. What inspired Mirriam to learn Chinese？（　　） A. Attractive scholarships for Chinese learners. B. Her brother’s wonderful experience in China. C. Benefits of Chinese learning from her teacher. D. Eagerness to win the Chinese Bridge Competition. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，是她哥哥在中国的精彩经 历，包括哥哥的中文流利程度以及从中国带回的东西，让她对中国产 生了好奇，从而激励她学习中文。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 6. Which of the following best describes Mirriam？（　　） A. Confident and ambitious. B. Determined and patriotic. C. Generous and adventurous. D. Caring and thoughtful. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，她很自信也很努力；根据 最后一段可知她有远大的志向。由此推断，她是自信且有抱负的。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 7. What can we learn from the text？（　　） A. Self-belief and efforts count. B. Rome is not built in one day. C. The early bird catches the worm. D. Actions speak louder than words. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段可知，Mirriam相信自己 能加入团队，并且通过自己的努力最终在汉语桥比赛中取得了好成 绩。由此推断，她的成功证明了自信和努力是很重要的。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 8. Which of the following is the best title for the text？（　　） A. Scholarships Open Doors to Chinese Education in Kenya B. A Kenyan Girl Explores Chinese Culture and Innovation C. “Made in China” Inspires Kenyan Teens to Embrace Mandarin D. Kenyan Teen’s Chinese Bridge Win Fuels National Learning Passion 解析：　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了13岁的Mirriam学习中文的经 历，她在汉语桥比赛中取得好成绩，并且她的成功激发了她的同龄人 学习中文的兴趣。D项（肯尼亚少年汉语桥夺冠激发全国学习热情） 最适合作为文章标题。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅱ.完形填空 　　Andrew Chilton was diagnosed with autism（自闭症） at age eight.There was a lot to  　9　.Would he ever have a job？ Live  　10　？ Doctors and school officials  　11　 that Andrew might not even graduate from high school. 　　Andrew’s family would do anything for him.Christy Chachere， the boy’s personal care attendant， saw the  　12　 right away.“You have to let him  　13　，” she told the family.“It’s the  　14　 way he learns to do things on his own.” 　　No longer would Andrew’s mother write his papers.His younger brother wouldn’t  　15　 him to operate the computer.Christy wouldn’t help him with homework either. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Andrew  　16　 loudly at times.But then what Christy expected began to  　17　.Andrew would come home from school， get a snack and start on his homework.Christy was  　18　 there.She wouldn’t do his papers for him.But she showed him how to get organized.Best of all， Christy offered  　19　 once his work was done.She’d  　20　 him to a store where he could buy Pokémon cards.To the movies.Or out to eat his favorite food. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Christy has been with Andrew for six years.She has successfully helped  　21　 the life of a boy with autism.One  　22　 at a time， Andrew gained independence.He graduated from high school and entered community college.“Life has never been  　23　，” said Andrew. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。安德鲁·奇尔顿是一个患有自闭症的 孩子。幸运的是，他的私人护理员克里斯蒂·查切尔帮助他获得了新 生。 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。安德鲁·奇尔顿是一个患有自闭症的 孩子。幸运的是，他的私人护理员克里斯蒂·查切尔帮助他获得了新 生。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 9. A. put off B. worry about C. set aside D. settle down 解析：　根据接下来的问句可知，安德鲁有很多让人担心的问题， 比如是否能找到工作或者独立生活。 10. A. flexibly B. fortunately C. creatively D. independently 解析：　根据文章首句并结合常识可知，自闭症患者生活、学习都 是很难自主的，故大家对他能否独立生活很担心。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 11. A. whispered B. desired C. predicted D. witnessed 解析：　根据空后的Andrew might not even graduate from high school 可知，这是医生和学校对安德鲁今后学业的一个可能性预测。 12. A. opinion B. chance C. problem D. ability 解析：　根据接下来的两句可知，私人护理员给安德鲁的家人提出 建议，这肯定是因为她发现了问题所在。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 13. A. fail B. escape C. protect D. promise 解析：　根据下一段内容及常识可知，没有家人的帮助，安德鲁很 多事情会做不好，会开始体验失败。 14. A. easy B. normal C. quick D. only 解析：　根据前后语境可知，让安德鲁体验失败，他才能学会独立 做事，这是唯一能够帮助安德鲁独立的方法。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 15. A. help B. inspire C. allow D. refuse 解析：　根据下句可知，私人护理员也不再帮他完成作业，故此处 是说弟弟也不再帮他。 16. A. apologized B. complained C. requested D. argued 解析：　根据上文可知，家人和私人护理员都不再帮他做事，他开 始体验失败，应该会抱怨。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 17. A. pass B. reduce C. spread D. happen 解析：　根据下句可知，安德鲁的行为发生了改变，他开始自己独 立做事，私人护理员期待看到的事发生了。 18. A. always B. sometimes C. seldom D. never 解析：　根据下文可知，私人护理员总是陪着安德鲁，观察他，以 她的方式帮助他。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 19. A. quality B. measure C. freedom D. strength 解析：　根据下文可知，私人护理员在安德鲁完成自己的事情之 后，会带他出去做喜欢的事，即给他自由的空间。 20. A. follow B. take C. force D. introduce 解析：　根据空后的a store where he could buy Pokémon cards可知， 此处指她会带安德鲁去商店购物。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 21. A. ruin B. change C. occupy D. admire 解析：　根据下句中的Andrew gained independence可知，安德鲁从 被大家认为无法独立生活到变得独立，他的生活在私人护理员的帮助 下发生了很大改变。 22. A. discovery B. competition C. choice D. step 解析：　根据本段首句可知，她陪伴安德鲁六年，看着他慢慢成 长，可以说是一步步发生改变的。 √ √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 23. A. better B. busier C. easier D. quieter 解析：　根据上句可知，被认为无法高中毕业的安德鲁竟然考上了 大学，这让他自己感觉生活很美好。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） Ⅲ.语法填空 　　（2025·无锡梁溪区阶段测试）Trade and curiosity have often formed the 24. 　　　　　　 （found） of mankind’s greatest achievements.25. 　　　　　　 （complete） the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilizations.Marco Polo’s tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east.However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west much 26. 　　　　　　 （early） than Columbus first did. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along 27. 　　　　　　 became known as the Silk Road.A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， centred around Ceylon （now Sri Lanka）.Here， merchants from China and many other places met 28. 　　　　　　 （negotiate） trade deals， 29. 　　　　　　 also led to more awareness 30. 　　　　　　 each other’s cultures.Over the centuries further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan’s Record of My Travels in the eighth century. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 　　Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions.Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration.These fleets were a sight to behold.Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， 31. 　　　　 then to the east coast of Africa.African royal families sent gifts such as giraffes as 32. 　　　　　 （gesture） of friendship in return for gold， silk， and spices.Although China 33. 　　　　　　 （withdraw） fromfurther expeditions after 1433， these land and sea routes remained active channels between other cultures for centuries. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了贸易与探索推动东西方 文明交流，丝绸之路促进文化互通与经济繁荣。 24. foundation　考查名词。空处应用名词作宾语，故填foundation。 25. To complete　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作主语，此处 强调未发生的行为，即“绘制出世界地图”是人们的强烈追求，应用 不定式；位于句首，首字母大写。故填To complete。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了贸易与探索推动东西方 文明交流，丝绸之路促进文化互通与经济繁荣。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 26. earlier　考查形容词比较级。句中的than表示比较意义，空处应用 形容词比较级。故填earlier。 27. what　考查名词性从句。空处引导从句作along的宾语，连接词在 从句中作主语，指物，应用what引导。故填what。 28. to negotiate　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词作目的状语， 即“会面的目的是……”。故填to negotiate。 29. which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为 trade deals，在从句中作主语，指物。故填which。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） 30. of　考查介词。空处应用介词of构成固定搭配awareness of ...， 意为“对……的意识”。故填of。 31. and　考查连词。空处应用并列连词and连接to the mouth of the Red Sea和then to the east coast of Africa。故填and。 32. gestures　考查名词。空处为名词作宾语，gestures of friendship意 为“友谊的姿态”，可数名词复数表泛指。故填 gestures。 33. withdrew　考查时态。空处为句子的谓语，时间状语after 1433表 明动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填withdrew。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（YL） $