内容正文:
学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________
Unit 3 Festivals across cultures
重点语法:一般过去时(四大题型,50题)精讲精练
目录
语法知识精讲 1
一、核心定义(初中阶段必背) 1
二、时间标志词(中考高频考点) 2
三、谓语动词变化(重中之重) 2
四、句子结构(初中必考句型) 3
五、核心用法(初中常考场景) 4
语法知识精练 4
题型一:过去式变化规则 4
题型二:过去发生的动作/状态 8
题型三:过去一段时间经常、反复的动作 12
题型四:used to do sth. 13
语法知识精讲
一、核心定义(初中阶段必背)
一般过去时是表示 过去某个特定时间发生的动作、存在的状态,或 过去习惯性、经常性动作 的时态。核心特征:动作已结束,与现在无直接关联(比如 “昨天吃饭”“去年住在这里”)。
二、时间标志词(中考高频考点)
1. 具体过去时间(必须牢记)
昨天相关:yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天上/下/晚上)
上周/月/年:last week/month/year(上周/月/年)、last Monday(上周一)
一段时间前:three days ago(三天前)、two years ago(两年前)、a moment ago(片刻前)
具体年份/季节:in 2019(在 2019 年)、in winter 2022(在 2022 年冬天)
其他:at 8 o’clock last night(昨晚 8 点)、on March 5th, 2020(在 2020 年 3 月 5 日)
2. 模糊过去时间
just now(刚才)、once(曾经)、then(那时)、before(以前)、already(已经,用于过去时)、yet(还,用于过去时否定/疑问)
三、谓语动词变化(重中之重)
(一)规则动词过去式(占初中动词80%,按规则变形)
变形规则
例词(原形→过去式)
注意事项
1. 一般情况:加 - ed
work→worked、play→played、look→looked
发音:清辅音后读 /t/(worked),浊辅音/元音后读 /d/(played)
2. 以 e 结尾:加 - d
live→lived、like→liked、use→used
直接加 d,不重复 e
3. 辅音 + y 结尾:变 y 为 i 加 - ed
study→studied、try→tried、carry→carried
元音 + y 结尾不变(play→played)
4. 重读闭音节(辅 + 元 + 辅):双写尾字母加 - ed
stop→stopped、plan→planned、shop→shopped
尾字母必须是 “辅音 + 元音 + 辅音” 且重读(如 visit→visited 不双写)
(二)不规则动词过去式(初中高频 20 个,必须熟记)
类型
例词(原形→过去式)
记忆技巧
不变形
cut→cut、read→read(发音 /red/)、put→put
原形和过去式一样,重点记发音(read)
变元音
write→wrote、eat→ate、see→saw、take→took、drink→drank
改变中间元音字母,分组记忆(write/wrote、ride/rode)
变辅音
build→built、send→sent、spend→spent
词尾加 - t,词根不变
完全变形
go→went、be→was/were、do→did、have→had
单独记忆,中考最高频
四、句子结构(初中必考句型)
1. 肯定句
实义动词:主语 + 过去式 + 其他
→ He watched TV last night.(他昨晚看电视了。)
→ They visited Beijing in 2021.(他们 2021 年去了北京。)
be 动词:主语 + was/were + 表语
→ I was late for school yesterday.(我昨天上学迟到了。)
→ They were in the park just now.(他们刚才在公园。)
2. 否定句
实义动词:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
→ She didn’t finish her homework.(她没完成作业。)(易错点:didn’t 后必须用原形,不能说 didn’t finished)
be 动词:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 表语
→ He wasn’t at home yesterday.(他昨天不在家。)
→ We weren’t happy with the result.(我们对结果不满意。)
3. 一般疑问句及回答
实义动词:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t.
→ Did you go to the zoo? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.(你去动物园了吗?是/不是。)
be 动词:Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
→ Were they in Class 3? Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.(他们在三班吗?是/不是。)
4. 特殊疑问句(中考重点题型)
结构:疑问词(what/who/where/when/how 等) + 一般疑问句?
→ What did you do last weekend?(你上周末做了什么?)
→ Where were you yesterday afternoon?(你昨天下午在哪里?)
→ How did she get to school this morning?(她今天早上怎么去学校的?)
五、核心用法(初中常考场景)
1.描述过去具体时间的动作(最常用)
→ My father bought a new phone three days ago.(我爸爸三天前买了一部新手机。)
2.描述过去存在的状态
→ The trees were green last spring.(去年春天树是绿的。)
3.描述过去习惯性动作(可与 used to 互换)
→ He walked to school every day when he was 10.(= He used to walk to school every day when he was 10.)(他 10 岁时每天步行上学。)
4.过去连续发生的动作(按顺序描述)
→ She got up, brushed her teeth and had breakfast.(她起床、刷牙、吃早饭。)
语法知识精练
一、题型一:过去式变化规则
1.Tom’s bike broke down on the way to the park. Luckily, his friend Jack ________ him repair it with simple tools.
A.helped B.will help C.is helping D.helps
【答案】A
【详解】句意:汤姆的自行车在去公园的路上坏了。幸运的是,他的朋友杰克用简单的工具帮助他修好了它。
考查动词时态。根据前文“broke down”和“Luckily”可知,“帮助修理”为过去发生的动作,时态应用一般过去时,谓语动词help应用过去式helped。故选A。
2.They ________ themselves at the birthday party last night.
A.enjoy B.enjoys C.enjoyed D.enjoying
【答案】C
【详解】句意:昨晚他们在生日派对上玩得很开心。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“last night(昨晚)”可知,句子需用一般过去时,动词应用过去式“enjoyed”。故选C。
3.Last weekend I didn’t ________ any cows on the farm but I ________ some horses.
A.see; see B.see; saw C.saw; see D.saw; saw
【答案】B
【详解】句意:上周末我在农场没有看见任何奶牛,但我看见了一些马。
考查一般过去时。see看见,动词原形;saw看见,过去式。根据时间状语Last weekend可知,句子时态为一般过去时;第一空在助动词didn’t后需用动词原形see;第二空为肯定句,需用过去式saw。故选B。
4.—Where ________ you ________ yesterday?
—I went to the bookstore.
A.do; go B.did; go C.do; went D.did; went
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——昨天你去哪儿了?——我去了书店。
考查一般过去时的特殊疑问句。根据“yesterday”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,所以特殊疑问句的助动词应用“do”的过去式“did”,且其后加动词原形。故选B。
5.On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate.
A.laid B.lay C.lain D.lays
【答案】A
【详解】句意:端午节那天,我妈妈做了美味的粽子,然后把它们摆放在盘子里。
考查动词时态及词义辨析。laid放置(lay的过去式);lay躺(过去式)/放置(原形);lain躺(lie的过去分词);lays放置(第三人称单数形式)。根据“cooked”可知,句子是一般过去时,此处需用“放置”的过去式laid。故选A。
6.When I was 12 years old, I often ________ to see movies.
A.went B.go C.goes D.going
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当我12岁时,我经常去看电影。
考查动词时态。根据时间状语“When I was 12 years old”可知,表示过去,且“often”表示过去经常发生的动作,动词需用一般过去时。went是go的过去式形式,符合语境。故选A。
7.—What did you do yesterday afternoon?
—I ________ my homework and helped my mom with housework.
A.do B.did C.will do D.am doing
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——昨天下午你做了什么?——我做了作业,还帮妈妈做了家务。
考查动词时态。根据问句“What did you do yesterday afternoon?”可知,动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时,因此用did。故选B。
8.—The bread is really delicious.
—Thank you, I ________ it myself last night.
A.make B.made C.will make D.am making
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——面包真好吃。——谢谢,我昨晚自己做的。
考查一般过去时。根据时间状语“last night”可知句子时态为一般过去时,所以此处应用动词过去式作谓语,故选B。
9.—________ the writer ________ herself to them yesterday?
— No idea.
A.Does; introduce B.Do; introduced
C.Did; introduce D.Does; introduces
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——这位作家昨天向他们介绍她自己了吗?——不知道。
考查一般疑问句及动词时态。根据“yesterday”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,谓语动词introduce为实义动词,所以一般疑问句用助动词did引导,位于句首首字母大写,其后接动词原形introduce。故选C。
10.—What happened to him yesterday?
—He ________ his leg when he was playing basketball.
A.broke B.break C.breaking D.to break
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——昨天他发生了什么?——他在打篮球时摔断了腿。
考查一般过去时。根据“yesterday”可知,此处描述的是过去发生的事情,应该用一般过去时,此处用动词过去式,故选A。
11.—Why didn’t Tom come to school yesterday?
—He ________ the ladder and hurt his leg.
A.fell down B.fell off C.falls down D.falls off
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——汤姆昨天为什么没来上学?——他从梯子上摔了下来,伤了腿。
考查动词短语和时态。fell down摔倒;过去式;fell off从……掉下来,过去式;falls down摔倒,一般现在时;falls off从……掉下来,一般现在时。根据“the ladder”可知,是从梯子上掉下来,用fall off,根据“yesterday”可知,时态为一般过去时。故选B。
12.When Annie got home, she ________ the bags on the table and then had a rest on the sofa.
A.lied B.found C.laid D.lay
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当安妮到家时,她把包放在桌子上,然后在沙发上休息。
考查动词辨析。lied说谎,lie的过去式;found发现,find的过去式;laid放置,lay的过去式;lay躺,是lie的过去式。根据“the bags on the table”可知,此处表示把包放在桌子上,应该用laid。故选C。
13.Her boss ________ her to work from home so that she could take care of her baby.
A.make B.made C.allow D.allowed
【答案】D
【详解】句意:她的老板允许她居家办公,这样她就能照顾孩子了。
考查动词辨析和时态。make“使、让”,固定搭配为make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”;allow“允许”,固定搭配为allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”。根据空后“her to work from home”可知,应用“allow”,符合“allow sb. to do sth.”结构;句中“could”是“can”的过去式,那么主句“老板允许居家办公”这一动作也发生在过去。故选D。
14.—What did he do last Sunday?
—He_________ flowers in the garden with his father.
A.grows B.grow C.grew D.grown
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——他上周日做了什么?——他和父亲一起在花园里种花。
考查动词时态。根据问句“did”可知,答句用一般过去时,动词用过去式grew,故选C。
15.My pet cat Duanwu usually ________ on my bed, but last night, he ________ on the sofa.
A.sleeps; sleeps B.sleep; sleep C.slept; slept D.sleeps; slept
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我的宠物猫端午通常睡在我的床上,但昨晚,他睡在了沙发上。
考查动词时态。第一空:句中“usually”是一般现在时的标志词,主语“Duanwu”是第三人称单数,因此谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式“sleeps”;第二空:句中“last night”是一般过去时的标志词,因此谓语动词要用过去式“slept”。故选D。
二、题型二:过去发生的动作/状态
16.Please be quiet! My father ________ in the next room. He ________ only for two hours last night.
A.is sleeping; sleeps B.is sleeping; slept C.sleeps; slept D.sleeps; sleeps
【答案】B
【详解】句意:请安静!我爸爸正在隔壁房间睡觉。他昨晚只睡了两个小时。
考查动词时态。is sleeping正在睡觉,现在进行时;sleeps睡觉,一般现在时的第三人称单数形式;slept睡觉,一般过去时。根据“Please be quiet!”可知,此处表示说话时动作正在进行,第一空应用现在进行时is sleeping;根据时间状语“last night”可知,第二空描述的是过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,动词sleep应用其过去式形式slept。故选B。
17.Albert Einstein not only ________ the theory of relativity but also ________ the violin well.
A.developed; played B.develops; plays C.developed; plays D.develops; played
【答案】A
【详解】句意:阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦不仅发展了相对论,而且小提琴也拉得很好。
考查动词时态。developed发展,过去式/过去分词;played演奏,过去式/过去分词;develops发展,第三人称单数形式;plays演奏,第三人称单数形式。主语“Albert Einstein”是历史人物,其成就和技能为过去的事实,需用一般过去时,且两个动词时态应保持一致。故选A。
18.—When ________ to work as a teacher, Miss Wu?
—Three years ago.
A.do you begin B.will you begin
C.did you begin D.are you beginning
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——吴老师,你什么时候开始从事教师工作的?——三年前。
考查动词时态。do you begin一般现在时;will you begin一般将来时;did you begin一般过去时;are you beginning现在进行时。根据答语“Three years ago”可知,事情发生在过去,句子应用一般过去时,需借助助动词did构成疑问句。故选C。
19.—What ________ your biggest happiness last year?
—Helping a homeless dog find a home.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——去年你最大的幸福是什么?——帮助一只无家可归的狗找到了家。
考查一般过去时。根据问句中“last year”可知,事情发生在过去,时态需用一般过去时。主语“your biggest happiness”为单数,故be动词应用was。故选B。
20.—Have you ever been to the new Jiangsu Grand Theatre?
—Yes. I ______ there with my parents last month. It’s amazing.
A.go B.went C.have gone D.will go
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你去过新的江苏大剧院吗?——是的。我上个月和父母一起去了那里。太棒了。
考查动词时态。根据“last month”可知,动作发生在过去,句子应使用一般过去时。故选B。
21.—When did you finish your homework yesterday?
—I ______ finish it ______ my father helped me with the last math problem.
A.didn’t; until B.don’t; until C.can’t; until D.won’t; until
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你昨天什么时候完成作业的?——直到我爸爸帮我解决了最后一道数学题,我才完成。
考查时态和until的用法。not…until表示“直到……才”,固定搭配;根据“did you finish”和“yesterday”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,此处应用didn’t…until。故选A。
22.—________ Tom often go to the library?
—Sometimes. He ________ some books from the library last week.
A.Did; borrowed B.Does; borrows C.Does; borrowed D.Did; borrows
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——汤姆经常去图书馆吗?——有时去。上周他从图书馆借了一些书。
考查一般现在时和一般过去时。Did助动词,在一般过去时中引导一般疑问句;Does助动词,修饰主语为第三人称单数形式,在一般现在时中引导一般疑问句;borrowed借,动词过去式;borrows借,动词三单形式。结合问句中的时间状语often可知,问句询问经常性行为,时态一般现在时,且问句的主语Tom为第三人称单数,应用助动词Does引导一般疑问句;再结合答句中的时间状语“last week”可知,该句表明动作发生在过去,时态为一般过去时,应用动词的过去式borrowed作谓语。故选C。
23.—Do you know anything about Jackson? —Yes, he was born in 1958 and ________ in 2009.
A.is dying B.die C.died D.has been dead
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你知道关于杰克逊的事吗?——是的,他出生于1958年,并于2009年去世。
考查动词时态。根据前句“he was born in 1958”使用一般过去时,且“in 2009”是明确的过去时间点,此处应使用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。故选C。
24.—Guess what? The great movie is on (上映) in the cinema.
—Nothing new. I ________ it last week.
A.see B.will see C.saw D.seeing
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——猜猜怎么着?那部很棒的电影正在影院上映。——没有什么新鲜的。我上周就看过了。
考查动词时态。根据答语中“last week”可知,动作发生在过去,应使用一般过去时。故选C。
25.—Excuse me! You can’t take photos here. Look here. It says “NO PHOTOS”.
—Sorry, I ________ see it.
A.don’t B.didn’t C.won’t D.am not
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——打扰一下!你不能在这里拍照。看这里,写着“禁止拍照”。——抱歉,我刚才没看到。
考查动词时态。根据对话情境,第一个人指出“禁止拍照”的标志后,第二个人道歉并解释“没看到”这个标志,而“没看到”这一动作发生在说话之前(即看到标志之前),应使用一般过去时。故选B。
26.—Mark went to the USA for a meeting.
—Oh, I didn’t know. When ________ he ________?
A.is; leaving B.did; left C.has; left D.did; leave
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——马克去美国开会了。——哦,我不知道。他什么时候离开的?
考查一般过去时的特殊疑问句。is; leaving正在离开,现在进行时;did; left错误搭配,助动词did后应接动词原形;has; left已经离开,现在完成时;did; leave离开,一般过去时的疑问句。根据前句“went to the USA”的过去时态,可知询问过去的动作。特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词+助动词(did)+主语+动词原形+…?”,故用“did…leave”。故选D。
27.— Hu Nianzu, what ________ you do for the school art festival last week?
— I made a nice poster about birds.
A.do B.did C.does D.will
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——胡念祖,上周你为学校艺术节做了什么?——我做了一张关于鸟的精美海报。
考查一般过去时。do做,动词原形;did做,过去式;does做,第三人称单数;will将,表将来。根据问句中“last week”可知,动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时,助动词用did。故选B。
28.—Do you know who ________ America?
—Christopher Columbus (克里斯托弗·哥伦布), I think.
A.discovered B.will discover C.made D.will make
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你知道谁发现了美洲吗?——我想是克里斯托弗·哥伦布。
考查动词辨析和时态。discovered发现;will discover将发现;made制造;will make将制造。根据答语“克里斯托弗·哥伦布”可知,此处询问历史事实,指哥伦布“发现”美洲这一过去事件,应使用一般过去时,且“发现美洲”常用动词discover。故选A。
29.—Wow, this dress is so beautiful!
—I am happy you like it. I ________ it myself.
A.am making B.will make C.made D.makes
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——哇,这件连衣裙真漂亮!——我很高兴你喜欢它。我自己做的。
考查一般过去时。am making正在制作,现在进行时;will make将制作,一般将来时;made制作,一般过去时;makes制作,一般现在时的第三人称单数。根据语境,连衣裙已经完成并被展示,制作动作发生在过去,应用一般过去时“made”。故选C。
30.— ________ you at home last night?
— No, I ________.
A.Were; wasn’t B.Were; weren’t C.Was; wasn’t D.Was; weren’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——昨晚你在家吗?——不,我不在。
考查一般过去时中be动词的用法。Were是,are的过去式,用于第二人称单复数及复数主语;wasn’t不是,was not的缩写,用于第一、三人称单数;weren’t不是,were not的缩写,用于第二人称单复数及复数主语。问句主语为you,应用were;答句主语为I,应用wasn’t。故选A。
三、题型三:过去一段时间经常、反复的动作
31.She ________ for the exam every day to make sure she would pass.
A.prepares B.prepared C.is preparing D.will prepare
【答案】B
【详解】句意:她每天为考试做准备以确保她能通过。
考查一般过去时。此句为宾语从句,根据“to make sure she would pass”中的“would pass”可知,主句动作发生在过去,且“every day”表示过去的习惯性动作,故主句用一般过去时,空处填动词过去式的prepared作谓语。故选B。
32.I _________ the bus to school every day when I was in primary school.
A.take B.am taking C.took D.will take
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我上小学的时候每天坐公共汽车上学。
考查动词时态。根据“when I was in primary school”可知,此处指过去经常性的动作,时态为一般过去时,用动词过去式。故选C。
33.She always ______ a book before going to bed when she was a student.
A.read B.reads C.reading D.to read
【答案】A
【详解】句意:当她还是学生的时候,总是在睡前读一本书。
考查动词时态。句中“when she was a student”为过去时间状语,主句时态需用一般过去时,谓语动词应用过去式read。故选A。
34.—Did you have a good time there?
—Not really. It was rainy so we ________to stay at the hotel.
A.decide B.decided C.will decide D.are deciding
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你在那里玩得开心吗?——并不开心。因为下雨,所以我们决定待在酒店。
考查一般过去时。问句“Did you have a good time there?”使用了一般过去时,答语描述的是过去发生的情况。因此,描述过去的动作“决定”应使用一般过去时。故选B。
35.—Do you go to the movie very often?
—Yes, but I ________.
A.do B.didn’t use to C.did D.didn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你经常去看电影吗?——是的,但我以前不常去。
考查一般过去时。根据“Yes, but I…”可知此处表示现在经常去看电影,但以前不常去,“过去常常做某事”是used to do sth,其否定式为didn’t use to do。故选B。
四、题型四:used to do sth.
36.—What does your father do after dinner?
—He used to ________ at home but now he usually ________ a walk with my mother.
A.watch TV; take B.watch TV; takes C.watches TV; takes D.watches TV; take
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——晚饭后你爸爸做什么?——他过去常在家看电视,但现在他通常和我妈妈一起散步。
考查动词时态。根据“He used to…at home”可知,考查used to do sth“过去常常做某事”,因此第一空填动词原形watch TV;根据“but now he usually…a walk with my mother.”可知,设空处描述经常性的动作,为一般现在时,主语是“he”,动词填三单形式takes。故选B。
37.Millie ________ travel by bus because she was afraid of ________ by plane.
A.is used to; travel B.used to; travelling
C.used to; travel D.is used to; travelling
【答案】B
【详解】句意:米莉过去常常坐公共汽车旅行,因为她害怕坐飞机。
考查时态及非谓语动词。根据“because she was…”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”;be afraid of“害怕”,后面可接名词、代词或动名词,所以B项正确。故选B。
38.Your pocket money can be used to ________ the charity. You used to ________ a lot on snacks.
A.supporting; spend B.support; spending C.support; spend D.supporting; spending
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你的零花钱可以用来支持慈善事业。你过去常常花很多钱在零食上。
考查动词形式。support支持;spend花费。be used to在这里表示“被用来”,是被动语态,后面跟动词原形;used to表示“过去常常”,后面跟动词原形。第一空“support”表示“支持”,是动词原形,符合“can be used to”结构。第二空“spend”表示“花费”,表示过去常做的事情,符合“used to”结构,后面跟动词原形。故选C。
39.The air is more polluted than it ________.
A.used to being B.used to be C.was used to be D.is used to being
【答案】B
【详解】句意:空气污染比以前严重了。
考查时态。根据“than”可知,此处为现在和过去进行比较,用一般过去时,used to be“曾经是”符合。故选B。
40.In the past, student ________ to play outside more often.
A.use B.used C.were used D.were using me
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在过去,学生们常常在外面玩。
考查动词短语。use使用,动词原形;used使用,过去式或过去分词,used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”;were used被用来,一般过去时的被动语态;were using me正在使用我,过去进行时。根据“In the past”可知此处讲述过去的事情,句子应用一般过去时,排除A;根据“to play outside more often”可知此处讲述以前的学生们更常在外面玩耍,现在已不再,用used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”。故选B。
41.When I was young, I ___________a notebook and I wrote many poems in it.
A.used to keeping B.used to keep
C.was used to keeping D.got used to keep
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我年轻的时候,常常保存一个笔记本,在里面写了很多诗。
考查动词短语辨析。used to do sth过去常常做某事;be used to doing sth习惯于做某事;get used to doing sth变得习惯于做某事。根据“When I was young”可知,是说过去的情况,故选B。
42.People used to ________ things in cash (现金), but these days they are used to ________ by WeChat Pay or Alipay.
A.buy; pay B.buying; paying
C.buy; paying D.buying; pay
【答案】C
【详解】句意:人们过去经常使用现金买东西,但现在他们已经习惯用微信或支付宝付款了。
考查动词短语。buy买;pay付款;buying现在分词;paying现在分词。根据“People used to...things in cash (现金), but these days they are used to...by WeChat Pay or Alipay.”可知,第一空表示过去常常用现金买东西,used to do“过去常常做某事”,to后面用动词原形buy;第二空表示习惯用微信或支付宝付款,be used to doing“习惯做某事”,to后面用动名词形式。故选C。
43.—How do you usually go to work, Jim?
—I used to ________ a bike, but now I am used to ________ there to lose weight.
A.ride; walk B.riding; walking C.ride; walking D.riding; walk
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——吉姆,你通常怎样去上班?——我过去常骑自行车,但现在我习惯走路去上班以减肥。
考查非谓语动词。used to do sth.过去常常做某事;be used to doing sth.习惯于做某事。根据“I used to ... a bike”可知过去常骑自行车上班,第一空应用动词原形;根据“but now I am used to ... there to lose weight.”可知现在习惯走路上班,第二空应用动名词形式。故选C。
44.Tom used to ________ in the evening, but now he is used to ________ in the morning.
A.exercise; exercise B.exercising; exercising
C.exercise; exercising D.exercising; exercise
【答案】C
【详解】句意:汤姆过去常常在晚上锻炼,但现在他习惯了在早上锻炼。
考查动词短语辨析。exercise锻炼,动词原形;exercising现在分词或动名词。第一空,根据空前“used to…”可知,此处考查used to do sth.“过去常做某事”,故应用动词原形exercise;第二空,根据空前“now he is used to…in the morning”可知,此处是指他现在习惯了在早晨运动,be used to doing sth.“习惯做某事”,应用动名词exercising。故选C。
45.Your grandfather looks quite healthy and strong. ________he________do sports?
A.Was;used to B.Does;use to C.Did;used to D.Did;use to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你爷爷看起来非常健康强壮。他过去常常运动吗?
考查动词短语及一般疑问句。根据“Your grandfather looks quite healthy and strong.”可知,此处是问他过去是否常常运动,used to do意为“过去常常做某事”,变一般疑问句在句首加did,动词过去式变回原形,故选D。
46.Dingding, which was originally (起初) designed for companies, ________ online classes now.
A.is used to have B.is used to having C.used to have D.is used for have
【答案】A
【详解】句意:钉钉最初是为公司设计的,现在被用于在线课堂。
考查use的用法。be used to do被用于做;be used to doing习惯于做;used to do过去常常做;be used for 用来做……,其中for是介词,后面需要跟名词或者动名词,因此D选项错误。根据“which was originally (起初) designed for companies,”以及“now”可知,钉钉现在“被用于”在线课堂。故选A。
47.—Wow! Your mum’s English is really good.
—Well, she used to ________ the language in a high school.
A.teach B.teaches C.taught D.teaching
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——哇!你妈妈的英语真的很好。——嗯,她过去在一所高中教这门语言。
考查动词短语的搭配。teach教,动词原形;teaches教,第三人称单数形式;taught教,过去式或过去分词;teaching教,动名词或现在分词。根据“used to”可知,动词短语used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”,符合语境,所以此处应用动词原形。故选A。
48.—How does Tom go to work every day?
—He ________ to drive to work, but now he is ________ riding to work.
A.used; uses to B.uses; used to C.used; using to D.used; used to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——汤姆每天怎么去上班?——他过去常常开车上班,但现在他习惯骑自行车上班了。
考查动词短语。根据“He...to drive to work, but now he is...riding to work.”可知,第一空处应用短语used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”,表示“他过去常常开车上班”;第二空处应用短语be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”,表示“现在他习惯骑自行车上班”。故选D。
49.My mother used to ________ TV after dinner, but she ________ a book at the moment.
A.watch; is reading B.watch; reads C.watching; is reading D.watching; reads
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我妈妈过去常常在晚饭后看电视,但此刻她正在读书。
考查动词短语和动词时态。used to do sth.是固定搭配,意为“过去常常做某事”,所以第一空用watch;at the moment是“此刻,目前”,用于现在进行时,其结构为“be + 现在分词”,主语she是第三人称单数,be动词用is,read的现在分词是reading,所以第二空用is reading。故选A。
50.—________ your father ________ in a company?
—Yes. But now he is working in a factory.
A.Is; used to work B.Did; use to work C.Did; used to work D.Was; used to work
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——你父亲以前在一家公司工作吗?——是的。但现在他在一家工厂工作。
考查动词短语和一般疑问句。used to do sth.过去常常做某事;be used to do sth.被用来做某事。根据“Yes. But now he is working in a factory.”可知他过去在一家公司工作,但是现在在一家工厂工作,此处用结构used to do,变疑问句时,借助助动词did,used变回原形use。故选B。
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Unit 3 Festivals across cultures
重点语法:一般过去时(四大题型,50题)精讲精练
目录
语法知识精讲 1
一、核心定义(初中阶段必背) 1
二、时间标志词(中考高频考点) 2
三、谓语动词变化(重中之重) 2
四、句子结构(初中必考句型) 3
五、核心用法(初中常考场景) 4
语法知识精练 4
题型一:过去式变化规则 4
题型二:过去发生的动作/状态 8
题型三:过去一段时间经常、反复的动作 12
题型四:used to do sth. 13
语法知识精讲
一、核心定义(初中阶段必背)
一般过去时是表示 过去某个特定时间发生的动作、存在的状态,或 过去习惯性、经常性动作 的时态。核心特征:动作已结束,与现在无直接关联(比如 “昨天吃饭”“去年住在这里”)。
二、时间标志词(中考高频考点)
1. 具体过去时间(必须牢记)
昨天相关:yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天上/下/晚上)
上周/月/年:last week/month/year(上周/月/年)、last Monday(上周一)
一段时间前:three days ago(三天前)、two years ago(两年前)、a moment ago(片刻前)
具体年份/季节:in 2019(在 2019 年)、in winter 2022(在 2022 年冬天)
其他:at 8 o’clock last night(昨晚 8 点)、on March 5th, 2020(在 2020 年 3 月 5 日)
2. 模糊过去时间
just now(刚才)、once(曾经)、then(那时)、before(以前)、already(已经,用于过去时)、yet(还,用于过去时否定/疑问)
三、谓语动词变化(重中之重)
(一)规则动词过去式(占初中动词80%,按规则变形)
变形规则
例词(原形→过去式)
注意事项
1. 一般情况:加 - ed
work→worked、play→played、look→looked
发音:清辅音后读 /t/(worked),浊辅音/元音后读 /d/(played)
2. 以 e 结尾:加 - d
live→lived、like→liked、use→used
直接加 d,不重复 e
3. 辅音 + y 结尾:变 y 为 i 加 - ed
study→studied、try→tried、carry→carried
元音 + y 结尾不变(play→played)
4. 重读闭音节(辅 + 元 + 辅):双写尾字母加 - ed
stop→stopped、plan→planned、shop→shopped
尾字母必须是 “辅音 + 元音 + 辅音” 且重读(如 visit→visited 不双写)
(二)不规则动词过去式(初中高频 20 个,必须熟记)
类型
例词(原形→过去式)
记忆技巧
不变形
cut→cut、read→read(发音 /red/)、put→put
原形和过去式一样,重点记发音(read)
变元音
write→wrote、eat→ate、see→saw、take→took、drink→drank
改变中间元音字母,分组记忆(write/wrote、ride/rode)
变辅音
build→built、send→sent、spend→spent
词尾加 - t,词根不变
完全变形
go→went、be→was/were、do→did、have→had
单独记忆,中考最高频
四、句子结构(初中必考句型)
1. 肯定句
实义动词:主语 + 过去式 + 其他
→ He watched TV last night.(他昨晚看电视了。)
→ They visited Beijing in 2021.(他们 2021 年去了北京。)
be 动词:主语 + was/were + 表语
→ I was late for school yesterday.(我昨天上学迟到了。)
→ They were in the park just now.(他们刚才在公园。)
2. 否定句
实义动词:主语 + didn’t + 动词原形 + 其他
→ She didn’t finish her homework.(她没完成作业。)(易错点:didn’t 后必须用原形,不能说 didn’t finished)
be 动词:主语 + wasn’t/weren’t + 表语
→ He wasn’t at home yesterday.(他昨天不在家。)
→ We weren’t happy with the result.(我们对结果不满意。)
3. 一般疑问句及回答
实义动词:Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + did.
否定回答:No, 主语 + didn’t.
→ Did you go to the zoo? Yes, I did./No, I didn’t.(你去动物园了吗?是/不是。)
be 动词:Was/Were + 主语 + 表语?
肯定回答:Yes, 主语 + was/were.
否定回答:No, 主语 + wasn’t/weren’t.
→ Were they in Class 3? Yes, they were./No, they weren’t.(他们在三班吗?是/不是。)
4. 特殊疑问句(中考重点题型)
结构:疑问词(what/who/where/when/how 等) + 一般疑问句?
→ What did you do last weekend?(你上周末做了什么?)
→ Where were you yesterday afternoon?(你昨天下午在哪里?)
→ How did she get to school this morning?(她今天早上怎么去学校的?)
五、核心用法(初中常考场景)
1.描述过去具体时间的动作(最常用)
→ My father bought a new phone three days ago.(我爸爸三天前买了一部新手机。)
2.描述过去存在的状态
→ The trees were green last spring.(去年春天树是绿的。)
3.描述过去习惯性动作(可与 used to 互换)
→ He walked to school every day when he was 10.(= He used to walk to school every day when he was 10.)(他 10 岁时每天步行上学。)
4.过去连续发生的动作(按顺序描述)
→ She got up, brushed her teeth and had breakfast.(她起床、刷牙、吃早饭。)
语法知识精练
一、题型一:过去式变化规则
1.Tom’s bike broke down on the way to the park. Luckily, his friend Jack ________ him repair it with simple tools.
A.helped B.will help C.is helping D.helps
2.They ________ themselves at the birthday party last night.
A.enjoy B.enjoys C.enjoyed D.enjoying
3.Last weekend I didn’t ________ any cows on the farm but I ________ some horses.
A.see; see B.see; saw C.saw; see D.saw; saw
4.—Where ________ you ________ yesterday?
—I went to the bookstore.
A.do; go B.did; go C.do; went D.did; went
5.On the Dragon Boat Festival, my mother cooked delicious zongzi and ________ them on the plate.
A.laid B.lay C.lain D.lays
6.When I was 12 years old, I often ________ to see movies.
A.went B.go C.goes D.going
7.—What did you do yesterday afternoon?
—I ________ my homework and helped my mom with housework.
A.do B.did C.will do D.am doing
8.—The bread is really delicious.
—Thank you, I ________ it myself last night.
A.make B.made C.will make D.am making
9.—________ the writer ________ herself to them yesterday?
— No idea.
A.Does; introduce B.Do; introduced
C.Did; introduce D.Does; introduces
10.—What happened to him yesterday?
—He ________ his leg when he was playing basketball.
A.broke B.break C.breaking D.to break
11.—Why didn’t Tom come to school yesterday?
—He ________ the ladder and hurt his leg.
A.fell down B.fell off C.falls down D.falls off
12.When Annie got home, she ________ the bags on the table and then had a rest on the sofa.
A.lied B.found C.laid D.lay
13.Her boss ________ her to work from home so that she could take care of her baby.
A.make B.made C.allow D.allowed
14.—What did he do last Sunday?
—He_________ flowers in the garden with his father.
A.grows B.grow C.grew D.grown
15.My pet cat Duanwu usually ________ on my bed, but last night, he ________ on the sofa.
A.sleeps; sleeps B.sleep; sleep C.slept; slept D.sleeps; slept
二、题型二:过去发生的动作/状态
16.Please be quiet! My father ________ in the next room. He ________ only for two hours last night.
A.is sleeping; sleeps B.is sleeping; slept C.sleeps; slept D.sleeps; sleeps
17.Albert Einstein not only ________ the theory of relativity but also ________ the violin well.
A.developed; played B.develops; plays C.developed; plays D.develops; played
18.—When ________ to work as a teacher, Miss Wu?
—Three years ago.
A.do you begin B.will you begin
C.did you begin D.are you beginning
19.—What ________ your biggest happiness last year?
—Helping a homeless dog find a home.
A.is B.was C.are D.were
20.—Have you ever been to the new Jiangsu Grand Theatre?
—Yes. I ______ there with my parents last month. It’s amazing.
A.go B.went C.have gone D.will go
21.—When did you finish your homework yesterday?
—I ______ finish it ______ my father helped me with the last math problem.
A.didn’t; until B.don’t; until C.can’t; until D.won’t; until
22.—________ Tom often go to the library?
—Sometimes. He ________ some books from the library last week.
A.Did; borrowed B.Does; borrows C.Does; borrowed D.Did; borrows
23.—Do you know anything about Jackson? —Yes, he was born in 1958 and ________ in 2009.
A.is dying B.die C.died D.has been dead
24.—Guess what? The great movie is on (上映) in the cinema.
—Nothing new. I ________ it last week.
A.see B.will see C.saw D.seeing
25.—Excuse me! You can’t take photos here. Look here. It says “NO PHOTOS”.
—Sorry, I ________ see it.
A.don’t B.didn’t C.won’t D.am not
26.—Mark went to the USA for a meeting.
—Oh, I didn’t know. When ________ he ________?
A.is; leaving B.did; left C.has; left D.did; leave
27.— Hu Nianzu, what ________ you do for the school art festival last week?
— I made a nice poster about birds.
A.do B.did C.does D.will
28.—Do you know who ________ America?
—Christopher Columbus (克里斯托弗·哥伦布), I think.
A.discovered B.will discover C.made D.will make
29.—Wow, this dress is so beautiful!
—I am happy you like it. I ________ it myself.
A.am making B.will make C.made D.makes
30.— ________ you at home last night?
— No, I ________.
A.Were; wasn’t B.Were; weren’t C.Was; wasn’t D.Was; weren’t
三、题型三:过去一段时间经常、反复的动作
31.She ________ for the exam every day to make sure she would pass.
A.prepares B.prepared C.is preparing D.will prepare
32.I _________ the bus to school every day when I was in primary school.
A.take B.am taking C.took D.will take
33.She always ______ a book before going to bed when she was a student.
A.read B.reads C.reading D.to read
34.—Did you have a good time there?
—Not really. It was rainy so we ________to stay at the hotel.
A.decide B.decided C.will decide D.are deciding
35.—Do you go to the movie very often?
—Yes, but I ________.
A.do B.didn’t use to C.did D.didn’t
四、题型四:used to do sth.
36.—What does your father do after dinner?
—He used to ________ at home but now he usually ________ a walk with my mother.
A.watch TV; take B.watch TV; takes C.watches TV; takes D.watches TV; take
37.Millie ________ travel by bus because she was afraid of ________ by plane.
A.is used to; travel B.used to; travelling
C.used to; travel D.is used to; travelling
38.Your pocket money can be used to ________ the charity. You used to ________ a lot on snacks.
A.supporting; spend B.support; spending C.support; spend D.supporting; spending
39.The air is more polluted than it ________.
A.used to being B.used to be C.was used to be D.is used to being
40.In the past, student ________ to play outside more often.
A.use B.used C.were used D.were using me
41.When I was young, I ___________a notebook and I wrote many poems in it.
A.used to keeping B.used to keep
C.was used to keeping D.got used to keep
42.People used to ________ things in cash (现金), but these days they are used to ________ by WeChat Pay or Alipay.
A.buy; pay B.buying; paying
C.buy; paying D.buying; pay
43.—How do you usually go to work, Jim?
—I used to ________ a bike, but now I am used to ________ there to lose weight.
A.ride; walk B.riding; walking C.ride; walking D.riding; walk
44.Tom used to ________ in the evening, but now he is used to ________ in the morning.
A.exercise; exercise B.exercising; exercising
C.exercise; exercising D.exercising; exercise
45.Your grandfather looks quite healthy and strong. ________he________do sports?
A.Was;used to B.Does;use to C.Did;used to D.Did;use to
46.Dingding, which was originally (起初) designed for companies, ________ online classes now.
A.is used to have B.is used to having C.used to have D.is used for have
47.—Wow! Your mum’s English is really good.
—Well, she used to ________ the language in a high school.
A.teach B.teaches C.taught D.teaching
48.—How does Tom go to work every day?
—He ________ to drive to work, but now he is ________ riding to work.
A.used; uses to B.uses; used to C.used; using to D.used; used to
49.My mother used to ________ TV after dinner, but she ________ a book at the moment.
A.watch; is reading B.watch; reads C.watching; is reading D.watching; reads
50.—________ your father ________ in a company?
—Yes. But now he is working in a factory.
A.Is; used to work B.Did; use to work C.Did; used to work D.Was; used to work
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