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2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料,名师遴选!
2025-2026学年一线教师制作新教材英语同步精品系列资料,名师遴选!
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Unit 4 A good read
单元Grammar:疑问词+动词不定式和情态动词must、have to易错题精练70题
语法知识精讲
一、疑问词+动词不定式
项目
核心内容
构成形式
疑问词(what/who/whom/which/where/when/how/why)+ to+动词原形(特殊:why 后省略 to,直接加动词原形)
核心功能
1. 作主语(表 “做某事的方式/时间/地点等”);
2. 作宾语(跟在 know/learn/decide/wonder 等动词后);
3. 作表语(说明主语的内容);
4. 作同位语(补充说明前面的名词)
适用疑问词
常用:what/who/whom/which/where/when/how;
特殊:why(仅用于否定句和疑问句,后接动词原形)
不适用情况
1. 疑问词为 whose/what(表 “什么” 时,若作主语且逻辑上无执行者);
2. 疑问词后接被动语态时需注意逻辑主语;
3. why 不能用于肯定句中的 “疑问词+不定式” 结构
关键注意事项
1. 不定式必须用动词原形,不可变时态/语态(若需被动,用 “疑问词+to be+过去分词”);
2. 作宾语时,可与 “疑问词+从句” 互换;
3. 疑问词在不定式中作宾语时,不定式动词必须是及物动词(若为不及物动词,需加介词)
二、情态动词 must & have to
项目
must
have to
核心含义
1. 义务/责任(“必须”,主观意愿强烈);
2. 推测(“一定、肯定”,用于肯定句,可能性极高);
3. 禁止(must not = mustn’t,“禁止、不允许”)
1. 义务/要求(“必须、不得不”,强调客观条件、外界要求或责任);
2. 无推测用法;
3. 否定式为 don’t have to = doesn’t have to = didn’t have to(“不必”,无禁止含义)
时态变化
只有现在时形式(must);过去时/将来时需用 have to 的对应时态替代(过去:had to;将来:will have to)
有完整时态变化:现在时(have to/has to)、过去时(had to)、将来时(will have to)、现在完成时(have/has had to)
否定形式
mustn’t(禁止,语气强烈);needn’t/don’t have to(表 “不必”,是 must 表 “必须” 时的否定回答)
don’t have to(现在时)/doesn’t have to(三单)/didn’t have to(过去时)/won’t have to(将来时)(均表 “不必”)
疑问形式
Must+主语+动词原形?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语+must;否定回答:No, 主语+needn’t/don’t have to)
Do/Does/Did/Will+主语+have to+动词原形?(回答用相应助动词)
语气强度
语气强烈,强调主观、内在的义务或确定的推测
语气稍弱,强调客观、外在的要求或必要
关键区别
1. 推测功能仅 must 有;
2. must 无过去/将来时,have to 可灵活变时态;
3. 否定含义不同(mustn’t 表禁止,don’t have to 表不必)
语法知识精练
一、单项选择
1.—DeepSeek is very popular these days and it will surely play an important role in our lives.
—But it ________ be used in a proper way.
A.must B.will C.need D.can
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——如今DeepSeek很受欢迎,它将在我们生活中扮演重要角色。——但是它必须以恰当的方式使用。
考查情态动词辨析。must肯定,必须;will将会;need需要,作情态动词时常用于否定句和疑问句中;can能够。根据“in a proper way”及语境可知,DeepSeek的使用必须恰当,强调必要性。故选A。
2.—When will you leave for the airport? I can drive you there.
—Thank you, but you _____. I will take the underground to avoid heavy traffic.
A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你什么时候去机场?我可以开车送你去。——谢谢你,但你不用送我。我会坐地铁以避开拥堵。
考查情态动词词义辨析。don’t have to不必;mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“I will take the underground to avoid heavy traffic.”可知,此处表示“你不用送我”,符合don’t have to的含义。故选A。
3.—I can’t give up smoking, Doctor Frank.
—For your health, I’m afraid you ________.
A.may B.can C.have to D.might
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我戒不了烟,弗兰克医生。——为了你的健康,恐怕你不得不这么做。
考查情态动词的用法。may可能;can能够;have to必须,不得不;might或许。根据“For your health, I’m afraid you...”可知医生建议对方“必须”戒烟,强调必要性。故选C。
4.—There’s so much work to do around the house. I don’t know ________ to do with it.
—Well. Make a list first.
A.how B.what C.where D.why
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——家里有这么多活要做。我不知道该怎么办。——嗯,先列个清单。
考查疑问词辨析。how如何;what什么;where在哪里;why为什么。根据“I don’t know...to do with it.”可知,此处是不知道做什么,所以用what,与“do with”构成短语“what to do with sth.”表示“如何处理某事”。故选B。
5.— Did you tell your mother ________ you?
— Yes, at the school gate.
A.when meeting B.when to meet C.where meeting D.where to meet
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——你告诉你妈妈在哪里见你了吗?——是的,在学校门口。
考查非谓语动词和疑问词辨析。when meeting当见面时;when to meet什么时候见面;where meeting在哪里见面;where to meet在哪里见面。根据答语“at the school gate”可知,此处是询问见面的地点,所以用where,且空格处是“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。故选D。
6.—Look at this sign. What does it mean?
—It means we ________ bring mobile phones into the meeting room.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——看这个标识。它是什么意思?——它的意思是我们禁止把手机带入会议室。
考查情态动词辨析。needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;can’t不能。标识是禁止带入手机,是明确规定,用“mustn’t”。故选B。
7.—________ I watch TV?
—No. It’s too late. You ________ go to bed now.
A.Can; must B.May; mustn’t C.Can; can’t D.Must; can’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我可以看电视吗?——不。太晚了。你现在必须上床睡觉了。
考查情态动词。Can可以;must必须;May可以;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可以。第一空,根据“... I watch TV?”可知,此处表示请求允许,排除D项;第二空,根据“No. It’s too late.”可知,答话人拒绝了对方的请求,所以此处指现在必须去睡觉,排除B项和C项。故选A。
8.—Dad, must I finish my homework today?
—No, you ________. You should go to bed now and finish it tomorrow.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我必须今天完成作业吗?——不,你不必。你现在应该去睡觉,明天再完成。
考查情态动词的用法。can’t不能;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止。must表示“必须”时,其引导的一般疑问句的否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,表示“不必”,根据答语“You should go to bed now and finish it tomorrow.”可知,爸爸建议孩子不必今天完成作业,而是明天再完成,因此needn’t“不必”,符合语境。故选B。
9.His arm is all right. He ________ go and see the doctor.
A.mustn’t B.don’t have to C.can’t D.doesn’t have to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他的胳膊没事。他不必去看医生。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;“don’t have to”和“doesn’t have to”都表示“不必”,“don’t have to”用于主语是复数或第一、二人称时,“doesn’t have to”用于主语是第三人称单数时 ;“can’t”意为“不能;不可能”。此句主语“He”是第三人称单数,根据“His arm is all right.”可知,他“不必”去看医生,所以用“doesn’t have to”,故选D。
10.It’s Sunday. Joe ________ go to school tomorrow.
A.has to B.have to C.doesn’t have to D.don’t have to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:今天是周日。乔明天必须去上学。
考查have to的用法。根据“It’s Sunday”可知, 明天是周一,需要上学;根据“Joe”可知,主语是第三人称单数,助动词需要使用单三形式。故选A。
11.You ________ bring your own laptop here as the company will provide one for you, but you ________ forget to bring your ID card as it’s required for registration (注册).
A.don’t have to; don’t have to B.mustn’t; mustn’t C.don’t have to; mustn’t D.mustn’t; don’t have to
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你不必带自己的笔记本电脑,因为公司会提供给你,但是你不要忘记带身份证,因为注册时需要身份证。
考查情态动词。don’t have to不必;mustn’t禁止。根据“as the company will provide one for you”可知,公司会提供笔记本电脑,不是强制性要带,用don’t have to;根据“as it’s required for registration”可知,这里是强制性要带身份证,用mustn’t。故选C。
12.—Must we arrive at the airport two hours earlier?
—No, ________.
A.you mustn’t B.you don’t have to C.you must D.you have to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我们必须提前两小时到达机场吗?——不,你不必。
考查情态动词用法。Must引导的一般疑问句,否定回答用“No, you don’t have to”或“No, you needn’t”,表示“不必”。故选B。
13.I have washed all the clothes. You ________ wash them again.
A.mustn’t B.oughtn’t to C.don’t have to D.can’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我已经洗了所有的衣服。你不需要再洗它们了。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;oughtn’t to不应该;don’t have to不必;can’t不能。根据“I have washed all the clothes”可知,衣服已经洗过,因此“不必”再洗。故选C。
14.Nowadays many museums are free, so people _______ pay to enter.
A.mustn’t B.don’t have to C.shouldn’t D.can’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:如今许多博物馆免费,所以人们不必付费进入。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;don’t have to不必;shouldn’t不应该;can’t不能。根据“many museums are free”可知,博物馆免费意味着人们不需要付钱,表示“不必”用don’t have to。故选B。
15.—Miss Li, I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you _________. After all, you broke his glasses.
A.may B.have to C.mustn’t D.needn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——李老师,我不想向丹尼尔道歉。——恐怕你必须道歉。毕竟你打碎了他的眼镜。
考查情态动词辨析。may可能;have to不得不,必须;mustn’t禁止,不准;needn’t不必。根据答语后半句“After all, you broke his glasses.”(毕竟你打碎了他的眼镜)可知,说话者认为对方“必须”道歉,表示客观上的必要性。故选B。
16.— Must I finish my homework now?
— No, you ________. You can do it after dinner.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我必须现在完成作业吗?——不,你不必。你可以晚饭后做。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据答语“You can do it after dinner”可知,作业可以推迟完成,强调“不需要现在做”,因此用“needn’t”表示“不必”。故选B。
17.—Look! It ________ be Mr. Wang.
—No, it ________ be him. He has gone abroad.
A.may; mustn’t B.must; may not C.must; can’t D.can; may not
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——看!那一定是王先生。——不,不可能是他。他已经出国了。
考查情态动词的用法。may可能;mustn’t禁止;must一定;may not不得;can’t不可能;can能。根据“Look! It…be Mr. Wang.”可知,说话者看到某人,认为那很可能是王先生,表达一种高度确定的推测,应使用must,表示“一定”;根据答语“He has gone abroad.”可知,他已出国,因此不可能是他,否定推测用can’t。故选C。
18.—Can I use my phone in class, Miss Wang?
—No, you ________ use it. It’s against the school rules.
A.might not B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——王老师,我可以在课堂上使用手机吗?——不,你不可以使用。这违反了校规。
考查情态动词辨析。might not可能不;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止,不可以;shouldn’t不应该。根据“It’s against the school rules.”可知,在课堂上使用手机是违反校规的,所以是禁止、不可以使用的,应该用mustn’t。故选C。
19.—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it?
—It _______ be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it.
A.must B.can C.need D.may
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——这幅剪纸非常生动。谁做的?——一定是玛丽做的。除了她,我们中没人会做。
考查情态动词表推测的用法。must必须,一定(表肯定推测);can能,可能(表能力或可能性);need需要;may可能(表可能性)。根据答语“None of us except her is able to do it.”可知,除了玛丽外没人会做,因此推测剪纸一定是玛丽做的,表示非常肯定的推测,用must。故选A。
20.To keep healthy, we ________ take more exercise and ________ eat too much junk food.
A.can; need B.may; must
C.should; needn’t D.must; shouldn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:为了保持健康,我们必须多锻炼,不应该吃太多垃圾食品。
考查情态动词辨析。can能够;need需要;may可以;must必须;should应该;needn’t不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据“To keep healthy”可知,为了健康,多锻炼是应该做的事,而吃太多垃圾食品是不应该做的事。故选D。
21.—Tom, you ________ cross the road when the traffic light is red. You ________ obey the traffic rules.
—OK, I will.
A.can’t; shouldn’t B.mustn’t; should C.can; should D.shouldn’t; can
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——汤姆,红灯时你禁止过马路。你应该遵守交通规则。——好的,我会的。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;mustn’t禁止;should应该;can可以。根据“…cross the road when the traffic light is red. You…obey the traffic rules.”可知,第一空根据“红灯时过马路”可知这是绝对禁止的行为,需用mustn’t表示“禁止、不许”;第二空表示“应该遵守交通规则”,是一种义务或建议,用should。故选B。
22.— Dad, do we ________ take umbrellas with us? It looks like it’s going to rain.
— Yes, we ________. The weather report says there will be a heavy rain this afternoon.
A.must; have to B.have to; must C.have to; have to D.must; must
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——爸爸,我们必须带伞吗?看起来要下雨了。——是的,我们必须带。天气预报说今天下午有大雨。
考查must和have to的用法区别。have to强调“客观需要”,“不得不”做某事。must强调“主观意愿”,表示说话人自己认为“必须”做某事。第一空格,问句do we...take umbrellas?”是因为“看起来要下雨”这个客观情况,所以用have to。第二空格,答句中“天气预报说有大雨”表达说话人的主观看法,所以用must来回应,B选项符合语境。故选B。
23.I really don’t know what _______ next.
A.do B.doing C.does D.to do
【答案】D
【详解】句意:我真的不知道下一步该做什么。
考查疑问词+动词不定式。根据“I really don’t know what ... next.”可知,此处是“疑问词+动词不定式”作宾语。故选D。
24.—It’s impossible ________ him to fix the bike on his own.
—He should learn ________ get help.
A.of; what to B.for; how to C.of; how to D.for; what to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——对他来说,独自修理自行车是不可能的。——他应该学习如何寻求帮助。
考查介词辨析及不定式结构。“It’s+adj.+for sb. to do sth.”表示“对某人来说做某事是……的”;此处impossible是描述事物的形容词,介词用for;how to get help表示“如何寻求帮助”,符合题意;what to get help表述错误。故选B。
25.Thomas Adams didn’t know ________ to do to help his chewing gum company ________ the economic crisis (危机).
A.how; survive B.how; survive in C.what; survive D.what; survive in
【答案】C
【详解】句意:托马斯・亚当斯不知道做什么来帮助他的口香糖公司度过经济危机。
考查疑问词和动词辨析。how如何;survive幸存,度过;survive in生存;what什么。根据“to help his chewing gum company”可知,第一空表示做什么来帮助公司,需用what to do表示;根据“economic crisis (危机).”可知,第二空表示度过危机。故选C。
26.—Ms. Sha, could you tell me ________?
—I think you need a heart-to-heart talk.
A.what can I solve my problems with my friends B.how can I solve my problems with my friends
C.what to solve my problems with my friends D.how to solve my problems with my friends
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——沙老师,您能告诉我如何解决和朋友们之间的问题吗?——我认为你需要进行一次坦诚的交谈。
考查宾语从句及“疑问词+不定式”结构。根据“could you tell me...”可知,后面可以接宾语从句,此时宾语从句要用陈述语序,A、B选项均为疑问语序,可排除;也可以接“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语,结合答语“I think you need a heart-to-heart talk.”可知,问句是询问解决问题的方式,所以用疑问词how,what表示“什么”,不符合语境,可排除C选项,D选项“how to solve my problems with my friends”表示“如何解决我和朋友们之间的问题”,符合题意。故选D。
27.During our trip to the farm, the farmer showed us ________ to pick fresh tea leaves in the morning and we learned well.
A.when B.how C.what D.which
【答案】B
【详解】句意:在去农场的旅行中,早上农民向我们展示了如何采摘新鲜的茶叶,我们学得很好。
考查疑问词辨析。when什么时候;how如何;what什么;which哪一个。根据“the farmer showed us...to pick fresh tea leaves”可知,此处指农民向我们展示如何采摘新鲜茶叶,用how表示“如何”。故选B。
28.—I don’t know ________ to use this machine.
—Don’t worry. Let me show you.
A.what B.how C.which D.where
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我不知道如何使用这台机器。——别担心。让我展示给你看。
考查疑问词辨析。what什么;how如何;which哪一个;where哪里。根据答语“Let me show you.”可知,此处表达不知道使用这台机器的方式,how符合。故选B。
29.There is no difference between the two sweaters, so I really don’t know ________.
A.which one to choose B.which choose one
C.which to choose one D.to choose which one
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这两件毛衣没有区别,所以我真的不知道选哪一个。
考查疑问词+不定式的结构。根据“There is no difference between the two sweaters, so I really don’t know...”可知,此处指不知道选哪一个,属于“疑问词+不定式”的固定语法结构,排除B和D;C项“which to choose one”语序错误,which to choose后不应直接加one,one放在which后,排除C。故选A。
30.—It’s important for us ________ know ________ all the subjects.
—Yeah, group work is my favorite.
A.to; how to study B.of; when to study
C.on; which to study D.to; what to study
【答案】A
【详解】句意:对我们来说,知道如何学习所有科目是重要的。
考查it作形式主语和疑问词+不定式用法。to朝向,与动词原形构成不定式,how to study如何学习;of属于……的,后加动名词,when to study什么时候学习;on在……上面,后加动名词,which to study学哪个;to朝向,与动词原形构成不定式,what to study学什么。根据“It’s important for us...know...all the subjects.”可知,It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.“对于某人来说做某事是……的”,此处用动词不定式,排除BC选项,all the subjects已包含要学习的内容,与what to study矛盾。故选A。
31.Can you teach me how ______ steamed eggs?
A.make B.making C.to make D.made
【答案】C
【详解】句意:你能教我怎么蒸蛋吗?
考查动词不定式用法。在“teach sb. how to do sth.”结构中,应使用动词不定式“to+动词原形”表示“如何做某事”。故选C。
32.Let me ________ you how ________ this camera.
A.show; to use B.to show; use
C.showing; using D.show; using
【答案】A
【详解】句意:让我给你展示如何使用这个相机。
考查非谓语动词。show展示,动词原形;to show动词不定式;showing动名词/现在分词;to use动词不定式;use使用,动词原形;using动名词/现在分词。根据“Let me”可知,“Let sb. do sth.”是固定结构,意为“让某人做某事”,所以第一空用动词原形show;第二空“how to do sth.”是“疑问词+不定式”结构,意为“如何做某事”,所以用to use。故选A。
33.—What do you think of the math problem?
—It is so difficult. I really don’t know ________.
A.how to do it B.what to do it C.how to do D.what do it
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你觉得这个数学题怎么样?——它太难了。我真的不知道如何解决它。
考查疑问词+不定式的用法。“疑问词+不定式”作know的宾语时,需要注意疑问词的功能:how是方式副词,需与及物动词do的宾语搭配,即“how to do it(如何做这道题)”;what是代词,可直接作do的宾语,结构应为“what to do”,无需额外加it。故选A。
34.—Mum, I’d like to learn to play the piano.
—OK, but remember once (一旦) you make up your mind, you ________ hold on to it.
A.could B.may C.must D.would
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——妈妈,我想学弹钢琴。——好的,但记住,一旦你下定决心,你必须坚持下去。
考查情态动词。could能够;may也许;must必须;would将。根据“once you make up your mind”可知,此处指一旦下定决心,就必须坚持下去。故选C。
35.He gets up late today, so he _______ take the next bus.
A.must B.can C.may D.has to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:他今天起得晚,所以他不得不坐下一班公交车。
考查情态动词。must必须,侧重于主观看法;can能;may可能;has to不得不,侧重于客观需要。根据“gets up late today”可知,他起晚了,所以不得不乘坐下一班车,属于客观需要,用情态动词has to。故选D。
36.Li Ping left his homework at home, so he _______ return home for it.
A.can B.must C.has to D.had to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:李平把作业忘在家里了,所以他不得不回家去取。
考查动词辨析。can能;must必须;has to不得不,三单形式;had to不得不,过去式。根据“Li Ping left his homework at home”可知,他返回家是不得不做的事情,且时态为一般过去时,所以选填had to。故选D。
37.—Would you come to the party tomorrow?
—I’d love to, but I’ll ______ prepare for my exam.
A.can B.must C.have to D.should
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——你明天来参加聚会吗? ——我很想去,但是我不得不准备考试。
考查动词辨析。can能够;must必须;have to不得不;should应该。根据“I’d love to…for my exam”可知,因为要考试所以不得不准备,故选C。
38.Jenny ________ stay at home today, because it is raining outside.
A.have to B.to have C.has to D.has
【答案】C
【详解】句意:Jenny今天不得不呆在家里,因为外面在下雨。
考查时态及情态动词。根据“because it is raining outside.”可知,是不得不呆在家里,时态为一般现在时,主语Jenny为单数,谓语动词用三单形式,因此使用has to。故选C。
39.—When will your flight arrive? I’ll pick you up at the airport.
—Thank you, but you ________. I can take a taxi. It’s quite fast and convenient.
A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——航班什么时候到达?我可以去机场接你。——谢谢你,但是你不必了。我可以打车。它非常快,也很便利。
考查情态动词辨析。don’t have to不必;mustn’t不允许,禁止;can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“I can take a taxi. It’s quite fast and convenient.”可知,说话者可以打车,对方没必要接机。故选A。
40.You ________ finish the journal about Lu Xun today, but you ________ copy others’ work. It must be your own ideas.
A.mustn’t; don’t have to B.don’t have to; mustn’t C.mustn’t; mustn’t D.don’t have to; don’t have to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你今天不必完成关于鲁迅的日志,但你不准抄袭别人的作品。这必须是你自己的想法。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t 不准,禁止;don’t have to 不必。根据句意,第一空表示“不必今天完成”,第二空表示“禁止抄袭”。故选B。
41.Frank ________ be interested in Chinese folk music, for he has spent 20 years studying it.
A.must B.mustn’t C.could D.couldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:Frank一定对中国的民间音乐感兴趣,因为他已经花了20年时间研究它。
考查情态动词辨析。must一定;mustn’t禁止;could可以;couldn’t不能。根据“for he has spent 20 years studying it”可知他已经花了20年时间研究中国的民间音乐,可见他一定对中国的民间音乐感兴趣。故选A。
42.Mike, you ________ play with fire. You ________ burn yourself.
A.don’t have to; can’t
B.mustn’t; may
C.mustn’t; shouldn’t
D.shouldn’t; must
【答案】B
【详解】句意:迈克,你千万不要玩火。你可能会烧伤自己。
考查情态动词辨析。don’t have to不必;can’t不能;mustn’t禁止,不准;may可能;shouldn’t不应该;must必须。根据“you…play with fire.”可知,第一空表示“禁止玩火”,语气强烈,应用mustn’t;又因“You…burn yourself.”可知,第二空表示“可能”烧伤自己,表示可能性,应用may。故选B。
43.You ________ finish the journal about “Lu Xun” today, but you ________ copy others’ work. It must be your own ideas.
A.mustn’t; don’t have to B.don’t have to; mustn’t
C.mustn’t; mustn’t D.don’t have to; don’t have to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你今天不必完成关于“鲁迅”的日志,但你绝对不准抄袭别人的作品,必须是你自己的想法。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;don’t have to不必。根据“You…finish the journal about ‘Lu Xun’ today, but you…copy others’ work. It must be your own ideas. ”可知,第一空表示“不必完成”,因为时间允许,应用“don’t have to”;第二空表示“禁止抄袭”,应用“mustn’t”强调不允许。故选B。
44.—Our form teacher has recommended lots of books. Have you decided ________ first?
—Yes. Gulliver’s Travels.
A.how to read B.which to read C.when to read D.where to read
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我们的班主任推荐了很多书。你决定先读哪本了吗?——是的,《格列佛游记》。
考查疑问词+不定式结构。how to read如何读;which to read读哪本;when to read何时读;where to read在哪里读。根据“recommended lots of books”和答语“Gulliver’s Travels”可知,是问读哪本,用which to read。故选B。
45.We students should learn ________ ourselves at school.
A.where to hold B.what to visit C.how to protect D.why to help
【答案】C
【详解】句意:我们学生应该学会如何在学校保护自己。
考查疑问词+不定式。where to hold在哪里举行;what to visit参观什么;how to protect如何保护;why to help为什么帮助。根据“ourselves at school”以及语境可知是学会如何在学校保护自己。故选C。
46.When I feel down, my best friend always knows how ______ me up.
A.cheer B.cheering C.to cheer D.cheers
【答案】C
【详解】句意:当我情绪低落时,我最好的朋友总是知道如何让我振作起来。
考查“疑问词+不定式”的结构。根据“my best friend always knows how...me up”可知,“how to do sth.”是“疑问词+不定式”的常见形式,表示“如何做某事”,此处表示如何让“我”振作起来,符合语境。故选C。
47.Do you have anything to ________? If something ________ you, do you know who ________?
A.worry; worries; to go B.worry about; worries; to go
C.worry; worries about; can go to D.worry about; worries; to go to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你有什么担心的事吗?如果有事困扰你,你知道去找谁吗?
考查动词短语、动词时态以及非谓语动词。worry使……担心;worry about担心,及物动词短语。第一空,表示“担心某事”,应用worry about,排除A和C;第二空,主语是something,为第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式,即worries;第三空,此处表示“去找谁”,应用动词不定式,且go为不及物动词,后接宾语需加介词to,即to go to。故选D。
48.Different club activities at school can offer students fun. Among the clubs, many students like to join the nature club because they can learn _______ plants in the right place.
A.what to plant B.which to plant C.how to plant D.when to plant
【答案】C
【详解】句意:不同的学校俱乐部活动可以给学生带来乐趣。在众多俱乐部中,许多学生喜欢加入自然俱乐部,因为他们可以学习如何在正确的地方种植植物。
考查“疑问词+不定式”的用法及上下文匹配。句子结构为“learn+疑问词+to plant+plants in the right place”,其中“plants”是“plant”的宾语,因此选项需语法正确且语义通顺。选项A“what to plant”和B“which to plant”本身已隐含宾语(“what”或“which”作宾语),不能再接“plants”,会造成语法错误;选项D“when to plant”强调时间,不符合语境;选项C“how to plant”表示方式方法,可带宾语“plants”,且“如何种植”与“在正确的地方”在语境中自然搭配,指学习种植的方法和位置选择,符合自然俱乐部的活动特点。故选C。
49.A mother tiger stays with her babies and takes care of them. She finds food for them and also teaches them ________ food.
A.what to look for B.how to look for
C.what to find out D.how to find out
【答案】B
【详解】句意:母老虎会和幼崽待在一起并照顾它们。它会为幼崽觅食,还会教它们如何寻找食物。
考查疑问词+不定式的用法及动词短语辨析。what to look for寻找什么;how to look for如何寻找;what to find out查明什么;how to find out如何查明。look for强调动作,而find out强调经过调查、探究后的结果。根据“She finds food for them and also teaches…”语境可知,此处指母老虎教幼崽寻找食物的方式,强调过程,用how to look for。故选B。
50.They were wondering where ________ the office party and I suggested ________ to the Chinese restaurant near the station.
A.to hold; going B.holds; to go C.to hold; to go D.holding; going
【答案】A
【详解】句意:他们正在琢磨在哪里举行办公室聚会,我建议去车站附近的中国餐馆。
考查非谓语动词。“where+动词不定式”结构作“wonder”的宾语,表示“在哪里做某事”;“suggest”后接动名词作宾语,表示“建议做某事”。故选A。
二、完成句子
51.王先生生病了,所以我今天得接管他的工作。
Mr. Wang is sick, so I have to his work today.
【答案】 take over
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“接管”。“接管,接手”可用短语take over表示。have to后接动词原形。故填take;over。
52.如果我们割伤自己,你知道首先应该做什么吗?
Do you know we cut ourselves?
【答案】 what to do first if
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“首先应该做什么”和“如果”。“知道首先应该做什么”可表达为know what to do first,其中what to do是“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语,first是副词,作状语修饰do;“如果”用连词if,引导条件状语从句。故填what;to;do;first;if。
53.他们学习如何种水稻。
They grow rice.
【答案】 learn how to
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“学习如何”。learn“学习”,描述一般情况用一般现在时,主语为第三人称复数,动词用原形;how to do sth.“如何做某事”。故填learn;how;to。
54.我们应该思考如何让自然风景更美丽。
We should think about make natural scenery .
【答案】 how to more beautiful
【详解】根据中文及空处可知,缺少“如何让”和“更美丽”的表达。句中think about是动词短语,介词about后可接“疑问词+不定式”结构作宾语,“如何做某事”的固定表达为how to do sth.,因此第一、二空填how to;more beautiful“更美丽”,此处作宾语补足语。故填how;to;more;beautiful。
55.护工教我如何好好帮助养老院老人。
The carer me how to the elderly well in the nursing home.
【答案】 taught support
【详解】teach“教” ,此处可表示过去的动作,句子时态为一般过去时,用过去式taught;support“帮助,支持”,how to后用动词原形。故填taught;support。
56.I really can’t decide where I should go.(改为同义句)
I really can’t decide .
【答案】 where to go
【详解】句意:我真的决定不了应该去哪里。此句是考查复合句与简单句之间的相互转化,当主句的主语与从句的主语相一致时,可以变成“疑问句+不定式”的形式即where to go。故填where;to;go。
57.数字化工具也帮助学生进行网上学习并了解如何更好获取信息。
Digital tools also help students to learn online and know information better.
【答案】 how to get
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,句中缺少“如何获取”的表达。how to get意为“如何获取”,“know how to do sth.”意为“了解如何做某事”,get information表示“获取信息”,符合语境。故填how;to;get。
58.在社会中学会如何与不同类型的人相处很重要。
It’s important to learn different kinds of people in society.
【答案】how to get along with
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“如何与…… 相处”;“如何”用疑问词how表示,“与……相处”的固定短语为get along with;此处采用“疑问词+不定式”的结构how to get along with,在句中作动词learn的宾语。故填how to get along with。
59.长途旅行后回家,你得收拾行李。(完成译句)
To get home after a long journey, you have to .
【答案】 pack up
【详解】pack up“收拾行李”,动词短语;have to do sth“必须做某事”,此处动词用原形。故填pack;up。
60.因为天气不好,我们不得不推迟它。 (完成译句)
We have to because the bad weather.
【答案】 put it off of
【详解】根据句意可知,第一处表示“推迟”,用动词短语“put off”,且“have to”后接动词原形;put off为“动词+副词”结构,代词it放中间;第二处表示“因为”,用介词短语“because of”,后接名词短语“the bad weather”。故填put;it;off;of。
61.我们明天要去中山公园划船。那一定很有趣。
We’re boating in Zhongshan Park tomorrow. It a lot of fun.
【答案】 going to go must be
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“要去划”和“一定”,第一句用“be going to do sth.”表示“打算做某事”,划船是“go boating”;第二句中“一定”用“must be”表肯定推测。故填going;to;go;must;be。
62.——我现在必须打扫教室吗?
——不,你不必。你可以放学后再做这件事。
— I clean the classroom now?
—No, you . You do it after school.
【答案】 Must needn’t can
【详解】根据句意可知,第一空所在句子为一般疑问句,询问“必须……吗”,用情态动词“Must”引导;第二空是对“Must”开头的一般疑问句的否定回答,通常用“needn’t”表示“不必”;第三空表示“可以”,用情态动词“can”。故填Must;needn’t;can。
63.idea how tell a to it protect the ocean good to is people
【答案】It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean.
【详解】分析所给词汇可知是it的固定句型。it作形式主语,is是谓语动词,a good idea是表语,不定式to tell是真正的主语;people是tell的间接宾语,how to protect the ocean是直接宾语。故填It is a good idea to tell people how to protect the ocean.“告诉人们如何保护海洋是个好主意。”
64.Students don’t know how they can save water. (改为简单句)
Students don’t know save water.
【答案】 how to
【详解】句意:学生们不知道他们怎样能节约用水。原句是含宾语从句的复合句,“how they can save water”作know的宾语,将此类复合句改为简单句时,可转换为“疑问词+to+动词原形”的结构,用how;to。故填how;to。
65.我们需要学习如何保护像鲸鱼这样的动物。
We need to learn how animals .
【答案】 to protect like whales
【详解】“保护”protect,疑问词how后应跟不定式构成“疑问词+不定式”结构;“像”like;“鲸鱼”whale,此处表示泛指用其复数形式,故填to;protect;like;whales。
66.汤姆还小,爸爸或妈妈不得不每天送他上学。
father mother to take Tom to school every day because he is still young.
【答案】 Either or has
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,空缺部分是“……或……”和“不得不”,“……或……”的英文表达为:either…or…,固定搭配;“不得不”的英文表达为:have to;根据句中“every day”可知,此句用一般现在时表经常性的动作,“either…or…”适用就近原则,谓语动词与最近的一个主语“mother”保持一致,因此have应用第三人称单数。故填Either;or;has。
67.——午饭后我能和我的朋友出去逛逛吗?
——抱歉,吉姆,你必须先收拾你的东西。
— I with my friends after lunch?
—Sorry, Jim, you pack up your things first.
【答案】 Could hang out have to
【详解】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“能”、“出去逛街”和“必须”。“能”在此处表示请求允许,用could表示委婉语气,句子开头首字母大写;“出去逛街”hang out,是固定搭配;“必须”在此处表示客观上的必要性,用have to,主语you后用动词原形。故填Could;hang;out;have;to。
68.Don’t ride on the sidewalk. (改为同义句)
You ride on the sidewalk.
【答案】shouldn’t/can’t/mustn’t
【详解】句意:不要在人行道上骑车。同义句可表述为“你不应该/不能/不得在人行道上骑车”,shouldn’t“不应该”、can’t“不能”、mustn’t“不得”均符合语境。故填shouldn’t/can’t/mustn’t。
69.must/helmet/wear/a/you
.
【答案】You must wear a helmet
【详解】根据所给词可知,该句是一个简单句,结构为:主谓宾,you“你”,位于句首,作主语,首字母要大写,must wear“必须戴”,作谓语;a helmet“一个头盔”,作宾语。故填You must wear a helmet“你必须戴一个头盔”。
70.follow/rules/safe/of/cycling/the/you/must
.
【答案】You must follow the rules of safe cycling.
【详解】根据所给单词可知应用主谓宾结构陈述句,分析所给单词,You作主语;must follow”(必须遵守)作谓语,“must” 是情态动词,后跟动词原形“follow” ;“the rules of safe cycling”(安全骑行的规则 )是名词短语作宾语,“of safe cycling” 是介词短语作后置定语。故答案为:You must follow the rules of safe cycling.“你们必须遵守安全骑行的规则。”
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Unit 4 A good read
单元Grammar:疑问词+动词不定式和情态动词must、have to易错题精练70题
语法知识精讲
一、疑问词+动词不定式
项目
核心内容
构成形式
疑问词(what/who/whom/which/where/when/how/why)+ to+动词原形(特殊:why 后省略 to,直接加动词原形)
核心功能
1. 作主语(表 “做某事的方式/时间/地点等”);
2. 作宾语(跟在 know/learn/decide/wonder 等动词后);
3. 作表语(说明主语的内容);
4. 作同位语(补充说明前面的名词)
适用疑问词
常用:what/who/whom/which/where/when/how;
特殊:why(仅用于否定句和疑问句,后接动词原形)
不适用情况
1. 疑问词为 whose/what(表 “什么” 时,若作主语且逻辑上无执行者);
2. 疑问词后接被动语态时需注意逻辑主语;
3. why 不能用于肯定句中的 “疑问词+不定式” 结构
关键注意事项
1. 不定式必须用动词原形,不可变时态/语态(若需被动,用 “疑问词+to be+过去分词”);
2. 作宾语时,可与 “疑问词+从句” 互换;
3. 疑问词在不定式中作宾语时,不定式动词必须是及物动词(若为不及物动词,需加介词)
二、情态动词 must & have to
项目
must
have to
核心含义
1. 义务/责任(“必须”,主观意愿强烈);
2. 推测(“一定、肯定”,用于肯定句,可能性极高);
3. 禁止(must not = mustn’t,“禁止、不允许”)
1. 义务/要求(“必须、不得不”,强调客观条件、外界要求或责任);
2. 无推测用法;
3. 否定式为 don’t have to = doesn’t have to = didn’t have to(“不必”,无禁止含义)
时态变化
只有现在时形式(must);过去时/将来时需用 have to 的对应时态替代(过去:had to;将来:will have to)
有完整时态变化:现在时(have to/has to)、过去时(had to)、将来时(will have to)、现在完成时(have/has had to)
否定形式
mustn’t(禁止,语气强烈);needn’t/don’t have to(表 “不必”,是 must 表 “必须” 时的否定回答)
don’t have to(现在时)/doesn’t have to(三单)/didn’t have to(过去时)/won’t have to(将来时)(均表 “不必”)
疑问形式
Must+主语+动词原形?(肯定回答:Yes, 主语+must;否定回答:No, 主语+needn’t/don’t have to)
Do/Does/Did/Will+主语+have to+动词原形?(回答用相应助动词)
语气强度
语气强烈,强调主观、内在的义务或确定的推测
语气稍弱,强调客观、外在的要求或必要
关键区别
1. 推测功能仅 must 有;
2. must 无过去/将来时,have to 可灵活变时态;
3. 否定含义不同(mustn’t 表禁止,don’t have to 表不必)
语法知识精练
一、单项选择
1.—DeepSeek is very popular these days and it will surely play an important role in our lives.
—But it ________ be used in a proper way.
A.must B.will C.need D.can
2.—When will you leave for the airport? I can drive you there.
—Thank you, but you _____. I will take the underground to avoid heavy traffic.
A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
3.—I can’t give up smoking, Doctor Frank.
—For your health, I’m afraid you ________.
A.may B.can C.have to D.might
4.—There’s so much work to do around the house. I don’t know ________ to do with it.
—Well. Make a list first.
A.how B.what C.where D.why
5.— Did you tell your mother ________ you?
— Yes, at the school gate.
A.when meeting B.when to meet C.where meeting D.where to meet
6.—Look at this sign. What does it mean?
—It means we ________ bring mobile phones into the meeting room.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.can’t
7.—________ I watch TV?
—No. It’s too late. You ________ go to bed now.
A.Can; must B.May; mustn’t C.Can; can’t D.Must; can’t
8.—Dad, must I finish my homework today?
—No, you ________. You should go to bed now and finish it tomorrow.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.shouldn’t D.mustn’t
9.His arm is all right. He ________ go and see the doctor.
A.mustn’t B.don’t have to C.can’t D.doesn’t have to
10.It’s Sunday. Joe ________ go to school tomorrow.
A.has to B.have to C.doesn’t have to D.don’t have to
11.You ________ bring your own laptop here as the company will provide one for you, but you ________ forget to bring your ID card as it’s required for registration (注册).
A.don’t have to; don’t have to B.mustn’t; mustn’t C.don’t have to; mustn’t D.mustn’t; don’t have to
12.—Must we arrive at the airport two hours earlier?
—No, ________.
A.you mustn’t B.you don’t have to C.you must D.you have to
13.I have washed all the clothes. You ________ wash them again.
A.mustn’t B.oughtn’t to C.don’t have to D.can’t
14.Nowadays many museums are free, so people _______ pay to enter.
A.mustn’t B.don’t have to C.shouldn’t D.can’t
15.—Miss Li, I don’t want to say sorry to Daniel.
—I’m afraid you _________. After all, you broke his glasses.
A.may B.have to C.mustn’t D.needn’t
16.— Must I finish my homework now?
— No, you ________. You can do it after dinner.
A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
17.—Look! It ________ be Mr. Wang.
—No, it ________ be him. He has gone abroad.
A.may; mustn’t B.must; may not C.must; can’t D.can; may not
18.—Can I use my phone in class, Miss Wang?
—No, you ________ use it. It’s against the school rules.
A.might not B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
19.—The paper cutting is pretty lively. Who made it?
—It _______ be Mary. None of us except her is able to do it.
A.must B.can C.need D.may
20.To keep healthy, we ________ take more exercise and ________ eat too much junk food.
A.can; need B.may; must
C.should; needn’t D.must; shouldn’t
21.—Tom, you ________ cross the road when the traffic light is red. You ________ obey the traffic rules.
—OK, I will.
A.can’t; shouldn’t B.mustn’t; should C.can; should D.shouldn’t; can
22.— Dad, do we ________ take umbrellas with us? It looks like it’s going to rain.
— Yes, we ________. The weather report says there will be a heavy rain this afternoon.
A.must; have to B.have to; must C.have to; have to D.must; must
23.I really don’t know what _______ next.
A.do B.doing C.does D.to do
24.—It’s impossible ________ him to fix the bike on his own.
—He should learn ________ get help.
A.of; what to B.for; how to C.of; how to D.for; what to
25.Thomas Adams didn’t know ________ to do to help his chewing gum company ________ the economic crisis (危机).
A.how; survive B.how; survive in C.what; survive D.what; survive in
26.—Ms. Sha, could you tell me ________?
—I think you need a heart-to-heart talk.
A.what can I solve my problems with my friends B.how can I solve my problems with my friends
C.what to solve my problems with my friends D.how to solve my problems with my friends
27.During our trip to the farm, the farmer showed us ________ to pick fresh tea leaves in the morning and we learned well.
A.when B.how C.what D.which
28.—I don’t know ________ to use this machine.
—Don’t worry. Let me show you.
A.what B.how C.which D.where
29.There is no difference between the two sweaters, so I really don’t know ________.
A.which one to choose B.which choose one
C.which to choose one D.to choose which one
30.—It’s important for us ________ know ________ all the subjects.
—Yeah, group work is my favorite.
A.to; how to study B.of; when to study
C.on; which to study D.to; what to study
31.Can you teach me how ______ steamed eggs?
A.make B.making C.to make D.made
32.Let me ________ you how ________ this camera.
A.show; to use B.to show; use
C.showing; using D.show; using
33.—What do you think of the math problem?
—It is so difficult. I really don’t know ________.
A.how to do it B.what to do it C.how to do D.what do it
34.—Mum, I’d like to learn to play the piano.
—OK, but remember once (一旦) you make up your mind, you ________ hold on to it.
A.could B.may C.must D.would
35.He gets up late today, so he _______ take the next bus.
A.must B.can C.may D.has to
36.Li Ping left his homework at home, so he _______ return home for it.
A.can B.must C.has to D.had to
37.—Would you come to the party tomorrow?
—I’d love to, but I’ll ______ prepare for my exam.
A.can B.must C.have to D.should
38.Jenny ________ stay at home today, because it is raining outside.
A.have to B.to have C.has to D.has
39.—When will your flight arrive? I’ll pick you up at the airport.
—Thank you, but you ________. I can take a taxi. It’s quite fast and convenient.
A.don’t have to B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
40.You ________ finish the journal about Lu Xun today, but you ________ copy others’ work. It must be your own ideas.
A.mustn’t; don’t have to B.don’t have to; mustn’t C.mustn’t; mustn’t D.don’t have to; don’t have to
41.Frank ________ be interested in Chinese folk music, for he has spent 20 years studying it.
A.must B.mustn’t C.could D.couldn’t
42.Mike, you ________ play with fire. You ________ burn yourself.
A.don’t have to; can’t
B.mustn’t; may
C.mustn’t; shouldn’t
D.shouldn’t; must
43.You ________ finish the journal about “Lu Xun” today, but you ________ copy others’ work. It must be your own ideas.
A.mustn’t; don’t have to B.don’t have to; mustn’t
C.mustn’t; mustn’t D.don’t have to; don’t have to
44.—Our form teacher has recommended lots of books. Have you decided ________ first?
—Yes. Gulliver’s Travels.
A.how to read B.which to read C.when to read D.where to read
45.We students should learn ________ ourselves at school.
A.where to hold B.what to visit C.how to protect D.why to help
46.When I feel down, my best friend always knows how ______ me up.
A.cheer B.cheering C.to cheer D.cheers
47.Do you have anything to ________? If something ________ you, do you know who ________?
A.worry; worries; to go B.worry about; worries; to go
C.worry; worries about; can go to D.worry about; worries; to go to
48.Different club activities at school can offer students fun. Among the clubs, many students like to join the nature club because they can learn _______ plants in the right place.
A.what to plant B.which to plant C.how to plant D.when to plant
49.A mother tiger stays with her babies and takes care of them. She finds food for them and also teaches them ________ food.
A.what to look for B.how to look for
C.what to find out D.how to find out
50.They were wondering where ________ the office party and I suggested ________ to the Chinese restaurant near the station.
A.to hold; going B.holds; to go C.to hold; to go D.holding; going
二、完成句子
51.王先生生病了,所以我今天得接管他的工作。
Mr. Wang is sick, so I have to his work today.
52.如果我们割伤自己,你知道首先应该做什么吗?
Do you know we cut ourselves?
53.他们学习如何种水稻。
They grow rice.
54.我们应该思考如何让自然风景更美丽。
We should think about make natural scenery .
55.护工教我如何好好帮助养老院老人。
The carer me how to the elderly well in the nursing home.
56.I really can’t decide where I should go.(改为同义句)
I really can’t decide .
57.数字化工具也帮助学生进行网上学习并了解如何更好获取信息。
Digital tools also help students to learn online and know information better.
58.在社会中学会如何与不同类型的人相处很重要。
It’s important to learn different kinds of people in society.
59.长途旅行后回家,你得收拾行李。(完成译句)
To get home after a long journey, you have to .
60.因为天气不好,我们不得不推迟它。 (完成译句)
We have to because the bad weather.
61.我们明天要去中山公园划船。那一定很有趣。
We’re boating in Zhongshan Park tomorrow. It a lot of fun.
62.——我现在必须打扫教室吗?
——不,你不必。你可以放学后再做这件事。
— I clean the classroom now?
—No, you . You do it after school.
63.idea how tell a to it protect the ocean good to is people
64.Students don’t know how they can save water. (改为简单句)
Students don’t know save water.
65.我们需要学习如何保护像鲸鱼这样的动物。
We need to learn how animals .
66.汤姆还小,爸爸或妈妈不得不每天送他上学。
father mother to take Tom to school every day because he is still young.
67.——午饭后我能和我的朋友出去逛逛吗?
——抱歉,吉姆,你必须先收拾你的东西。
— I with my friends after lunch?
—Sorry, Jim, you pack up your things first.
68.Don’t ride on the sidewalk. (改为同义句)
You ride on the sidewalk.
69.must/helmet/wear/a/you
.
70.follow/rules/safe/of/cycling/the/you/must
.
2
同步新教材,周周有练习,月月有重点!
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同步新教材,周周有练习,月月有重点!
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