UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册教用课件(译林版)
2026-06-02
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教辅
资源信息
| 学段 | 高中 |
| 学科 | 英语 |
| 教材版本 | 高中英语译林版必修第三册 |
| 年级 | 高一 |
| 章节 | Grammar and usage |
| 类型 | 课件 |
| 知识点 | - |
| 使用场景 | 同步教学-新授课 |
| 学年 | 2026-2027 |
| 地区(省份) | 全国 |
| 地区(市) | - |
| 地区(区县) | - |
| 文件格式 | PPTX |
| 文件大小 | 1.37 MB |
| 发布时间 | 2026-06-02 |
| 更新时间 | 2026-06-02 |
| 作者 | 拾光树文化 |
| 品牌系列 | 优学精讲·高中同步 |
| 审核时间 | 2026-03-29 |
| 下载链接 | https://m.zxxk.com/soft/57024653.html |
| 价格 | 5.00储值(1储值=1元) |
| 来源 | 学科网 |
|---|
摘要:
该高中英语课件聚焦动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语,通过“探究发现”呈现例句引导学生观察分析,再以“我的发现”归纳用法,构建从具体实例到抽象规则的学习支架,帮助学生逐步掌握语法要点。
其亮点在于以学生探究为核心,通过例句观察、自主归纳培养思维品质,结合高考真题和多样化练习提升语言能力,词汇讲解融入语境助力学习能力发展。例如“探究发现”让学生自主总结-ed形式作定语、状语的用法,“即时演练”结合真题巩固知识,既帮助学生深化理解,也为教师提供系统教学资源。
内容正文:
Section Ⅱ Grammar and usage
目 录
01
重难语法·要攻克
02
核心知识·巧突破
03
课时检测·提能力
重难语法·要攻克
目 录
动词-ed形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
阅读下列句子并思考加蓝部分的用法。
1. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed
the bacteria.
2. Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests.
3. When I began to sing, he laughed and made me embarrassed.
4. Seen from a distance, the mountain looks like a lion.
5. David had some flowers sent to Mary on her birthday.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
6. She sat in the chair with her eyes closed, enjoying the music.
7. As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”
8. He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential, and
his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【我的发现】
(1)句 和句 中动词-ed形式作定语。单个动词-ed形式
作 定语,而动词-ed形式作定语时往往作 定语。
(2)句 和句 中动词-ed形式作 ,在意义上相当于
一个状语从句。
(3)句3、5、6和8中动词-ed形式作 。
1
7
前置
后置
2
4
状语
宾语补足语
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
一、动词-ed形式作定语
1. 动词-ed形式作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语:一般情况下,单个动词-ed形式作前置定语,常置于
被修饰词之前。
The excited children ran into the classroom.
兴奋的孩子们跑进了教室。
Polluted air and water are harmful to people’s health.
污染了的空气和水对人们的健康有害。
The confused look on his face showed he didn’t understand.
他脸上困惑的表情表明他没明白。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
名师点津
少数单个动词的-ed形式,如left,只能作后置定语。
Among the people invited were some ladies.
被邀请的人中,有一些是女士。
The books left are for my students.
剩下的书是给我的学生们的。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
(2)后置定语:动词-ed形式作定语时,往往作后置定语,常置于被
修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
The student dressed in white is my daughter.
=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.
穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。
The bridge damaged in the flood needs to be rebuilt.
=The bridge which was damaged in the flood needs to be rebuilt.
在洪水中受损的那座桥需要重建。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
2. 动词-ed形式作定语时的意义
及物动词的-ed形式作定语,通常既可以表示已经完成,又可以表示被
动的意义;不及物动词的-ed形式作定语,常表示已经发生的动作。
The plan put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被
动和完成)
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
Our retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.(表示
已经发生)
上周,我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
3. 动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作定语时的区别
(1)语态上不同:动词-ing形式表示主动意义,动词-ed形式多表示
被动意义。
The young man playing the piano on stage is from Shanghai
Conservatory of Music.
在台上弹钢琴的那个年轻人来自上海音乐学院。
The students selected for the competition are very excellent.
被选去参加比赛的学生非常优秀。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
(2)时间关系上不同:动词-ing形式表示正在进行的动作,而动词-
ed形式表示已经完成的动作。
On the other hand, I hope to broaden my horizons in this developed
country.
另一方面,我希望在这个发达国家拓宽我的视野。
As is known to us, China is a developing country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
4. 动词-ed形式(done)、动词-ing形式的被动语态(being done)与
动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语时的区别
意义
形式 语态 时态
done 被动 完成
being done 被动 正在进行
to be done 被动 尚未发生
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
The building being built now is our teaching building.
现在正在建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building to be built next month is our teaching building.
下个月将要建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
The building built last year is our teaching building.
去年建造的大楼是我们的教学楼。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【即时演练1】 单句语法填空/句型转换
①(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall
pavilion, (inspire) by The Peony Pavilion, was built at
the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s
birthplace.
②The (experience) teacher knows how to handle
difficult students.
③The cars (sell) at the market now are made in
Beijing.
inspired
experienced
being sold
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
④Tsinghua University, (found) in 1911, is home to a
great number of outstanding figures.
⑤The (fade) photograph brought back the old couple many
memories.
⑥The plan which was proposed by the team is quite practical.
→The plan is quite practical.(动词-ed形式作
定语)
⑦The people invited to the party are all my close friends.
→
(复合句)
founded
faded
proposed by the team
The people who are invited to the party are all my close friends.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
二、动词-ed形式作状语
动词-ed形式作状语,其逻辑主语与句子主语一致,动词-ed形式所表
示的动作与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。动词-ed形式作状语可以表
示时间、原因、条件等,有时可与连词一起使用。
1. 动词-ed形式作状语时的语法意义
动词-ed形式作状语表示被动或完成,其逻辑主语为主句的主语,且与
主句主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
Written in a hurry, this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
2. 动词-ed形式作状语时的句法功能
(1)动词-ed形式作时间状语,通常放在句首,在句中相当于一个时
间状语从句。
Seen from the top of the hill (=When it is seen from the top of the
hill), the city looks very beautiful.
从山顶上看,这座城市看起来非常美丽。
Asked about his address (=When he was asked about his address),
the boy didn’t respond.
问及他的地址时,小男孩没有回答。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
(2)动词-ed形式作原因状语,一般置于句首,在句中相当于一个原
因状语从句。
Frightened by the loud noise (=As/Because she was frightened by the
loud noise), the little girl began to cry.
被巨大的声响吓到,小女孩开始哭起来。
(3)动词-ed形式作条件状语,通常放在句首,在句中相当于一个条
件状语从句。
Heated to a high temperature (=If it is heated to a high
temperature), water will change into vapor.
如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸气。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
(4)动词-ed形式作让步状语,一般放在句首,有时也放在句末,在
句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Defeated again (=Though/Although he was defeated again), he
didn’t lose heart.
尽管再次被打败了,他并没有灰心。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
(5)动词-ed形式作方式状语时,一般放在句末,有时也放在句首;
动词-ed形式作伴随状语时,通常放在句末。作方式状语或伴随状语时
可转换为并列结构。
Followed by a group of students, the teacher entered the classroom.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was followed by a group of
students.
老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
3. 动词-ed形式作状语时的省略
动词-ed形式作状语时,前面有时可以加上when, if, while,
though, even if, until, unless等连词,这种结构可以看作是一种省
略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意
的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。
Even if invited (=Even if I’m invited), I won’t take part in the
party.
即使受到邀请,我也不会参加那个聚会。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
4. 动词-ed形式与动词-ing形式作状语的区别
动词-ed形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,即表示被动;
动词-ing形式与主句的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,即表示主
动。无论是动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式,其逻辑主语必须和句子的
主语一致。如果不一致,则必须用状语从句、独立主格结构等其他表
达形式。
If caught, the police will punish the thief.( )
If caught, the thief will be punished by the police.( )
If the thief is caught, the police will punish him/her.( )
×
√
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【即时演练2】 用动词-ed形式改写句子
①The actress entered the hall and she was surrounded by her fans.
→The actress entered the hall, .
②Because they were deeply moved by the movie, the children began to
cry.
→ , the children began to cry.
③Although he was criticized by the teacher, he still made the same
mistake.
→ , he still made the same mistake.
surrounded by her fans
Deeply moved by the movie
Criticized by the teacher
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
④She sat by the window, and she was lost in thought.
→She sat by the window, .
⑤When I am given more time, I’ll finish the work better.
→ , I’ll finish the work better.
lost in thought
Given more time
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
三、动词-ed形式作宾语补足语
作宾语补足语的多是及物动词的-ed形式,说明宾语的状态或性质,与
宾语一起构成复合宾语,前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。
1. 动词-ed形式用在表示状态的keep, leave等词的后面作宾语补
足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office, leaving the breakfast
untouched.
他起床晚了,没吃早饭就匆忙去办公室了。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
2. 动词-ed形式用在使役动词have, get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+动词-ed形式”可以表示两种含义,“让别人
做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
I had my hair cut yesterday.
我昨天剪了头发。
You should get your bike repaired as soon as possible.
你应该尽快把你的自行车修好。
While they were on holiday,they had their car broken into.
他们在度假时,他们的汽车被撬开了。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
(2)在“make+宾语+动词-ed形式”这种结构中,动词-ed形式表示
结果。
The old man raised his voice to make himself heard.
老人提高声音以便让别人能听到他。
They managed to make themselves understood by using very simple
English.
他们用很简单的英语来使他们自己被理解。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
3. 在感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等
后,可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语,强调被动的状态。
When I got home, I found the door locked.
当我到家时,我发现门被锁上了。
When we saw the road blocked with snow,we decided to spend the
holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家里过假期。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
4. 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, expect,
order等可用动词-ed形式作宾语补足语。
I want the task finished by the end of this week.
我希望这项任务在本周末前完成。
She wishes her novel published soon.
她希望她的小说能尽快出版。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
5. 动词-ed形式用在“with+宾语+宾语补足语”这一复合结构中,
动词-ed形式与宾语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
With all the lights turned off, the room was completely dark.
所有灯都关了,房间里一片漆黑。
The old man walked slowly in the park with his back bent.
老人弓着背在公园里慢慢地走着。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【即时演练3】 完成句子
①He said he .
他说他喜欢他的房间用蓝色装饰。
②The next morning, the old man with an old
coat.
第二天早上,老人发现自己身上盖着一件旧外套。
③They at the local theater.
他们观看了在当地剧院放映的电影。
④He was trying to .
他试图让别人明白他的意思。
⑤The house looks beautiful .
墙壁被漆成白色,这房子看起来很漂亮。
liked his room decorated in blue
found himself covered
watched the movie shown
make himself understood
with the walls painted white
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
核心知识·巧突破
目 录
1. surround vt.围绕,环绕;包围;与……紧密相关
教材原句 He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were
dead.他发现模具旁边的细菌都死了。
【用法】
(1)surround ...with ... 用……包围/环绕……
be surrounded by/with ... 被……包围/环绕
(2)surrounding adj. 周围的;附近的
surroundings n. 环境(常用复数)
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【佳句】 To some, happiness is being surrounded by family and
friends.
对一些人来说,幸福就是有家人和朋友陪伴在自己身边。
In a word, you are welcome to our school and I hope you can adapt to the
new surroundings soon.
总之,欢迎你来我们学校并希望你能很快适应新环境。
【点津】 surroundings常用复数形式,表示周围具体的物质环境。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Surrounding yourself people who’ll provide you with
support can be very beneficial.
②(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with a touch of
sweetness,and the (surround) soup hot, clear and
delicious.
③Only in this way can we live in more comfortable and
beautiful (surround).
with
surrounding
surroundings
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【写美】 一句多译
④这个湖被绿树环抱,非常漂亮。
→Green trees , and it is very beautiful.
(并列结构)
→ , the lake is very beautiful.(动词-ed
形式作状语)
→ , it is very beautiful.(with
复合结构)
surround the lake
Surrounded by green trees
With green trees surrounding the lake
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
2. favour vt.较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n.帮助,好事;赞同;偏袒
教材原句 As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared
mind.”
正如路·巴斯德所说:“幸运垂青于有准备的人。”
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【用法】
(1)in favour of 支持,赞同;有利于
in one’s favour 对某人有利
(2)do sb a favour=do a favour for sb 给某人以恩惠;帮助某人
ask sb a favour=ask a favour of sb 请某人帮忙
owe sb a favour 欠某人一个人情
(3)favourable adj. 赞同的;有利的;良好的
favourite adj.& n. 特别喜爱(欢)的(东西)
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【佳句】 He boiled with anger when hearing that most of them
weren’t in favour of his opinion. (情绪描写)
当听到他们大多数人不赞成他的意见时,他勃然大怒。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern
Western (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and
fennel.
②It was a turning point.Things are starting to go our favour.
③Most people are in favour bringing down the housing prices.
favourites
in
of
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【写美】 词汇升级
④I was wondering if you could help me by guiding us to revise a short
play. (求助信)
→I was wondering if you could by
guiding us to revise a short play.
do me a favour/do a favour for me
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
3. charge vt.& vi.充电;收费;控告;谴责;使……承担责任;使充
满 n.收费;控告;谴责;掌管
教材原句 When a thunderstorm approached, the lightning would
charge the key.
当雷雨来临时,闪电就会给钥匙充电。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【用法】
(1)charge sb for sth 因某事向某人收费
charge sb with (doing) sth=accuse sb of (doing) sth 控告某人
(做)某事
(2)take charge of 掌管/负责……
in charge of 控制/管理……(主语通常是人)
in the charge of=in sb’s charge 受……的管理;由……负责(主语
通常是物)
(3)free of charge=for free 免费
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【佳句】 (人教必修三)She charged very low fees to treat patients
and often reduced costs for poor patients.她向病人收取的治疗费用极
低,而且经常为穷苦病人减免费用。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①How much money did the authorities charge you running the
shop without a permit?
②Whoever is charged a crime should be presumed innocent until
proven otherwise.
③Officially he is charge, but in fact his secretary does all the
work.
for
with
in
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
【写美】 同义句转换
④The house has been in the charge of Mr Bell for more than a year.
→Mr Bell has been the house for more than a year.
in charge of
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
课时检测·提能力
目 录
维度一:基础题型练
单句语法填空。
1. All of a sudden, she heard her name (call) in the
crowd.
2. The meeting (hold) last night was about safety.
3. The old man walked in the park, (accompany)
by his dog.
called
held
accompanied
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
4. Don’t leave that man over there (wait) outside and
show him in now.
5. (leave) alone at home, to be honest, the little boy felt a
bit scared.
6. The (surprise) look showed that she hadn’t known
the experiment.
7. The (break) window needs to be replaced as soon as
possible.
waiting
Left
surprised
broken
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
8. An old woman is siting on a bench in the park with her eyes
(close), thinking deeply.
9. (raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long
and hard road to becoming a composer.
10. The old man walked slowly in the street, (support)
by his grandson.
closed
Raised
supported
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
维度二:语法与写作
用动词-ed形式完成下列句子。
1. , the whole village became a
white world.
树木被雪覆盖着,整个村庄变成了一个白色的世界。
2. , she attended the opening ceremony.
穿着一条漂亮的裙子,她参加了开幕式。
3. open their Christmas
presents.
兴奋的孩子们迫不及待地想打开他们的圣诞礼物。
With the trees covered with snow
Dressed in a beautiful skirt
The excited children couldn’t wait to
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
4. , this book will become a best-seller.
一旦出版,这本书将成为畅销书。
5. The Internet keeps us and also provides
entertainment in the house.
互联网使我们在家就能随时了解最新的新闻,而且也为我们提供
娱乐。
6. are very popular among
young people.
这位著名作家写的书在年轻人中非常受欢迎。
Once published
informed of the latest news
The books written by this famous author
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
维度三:语法与语篇
用动词-ed形式完成下面短文。
1. (出生在一个山村), Tom was
interested in something involving agriculture.When he was young, he
often helped his father with the crops 2.
(在大雨中损坏的). When he grew up, he was admitted into a famous
university, where he majored in agriculture.After graduation, he joined
Born in a mountain village
damaged in the heavy rain
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
a team 3. (由一位老专家设立的) with enough
professional knowledge.When 4. (面临
自然灾害), some farmers were often helpless.Tom and his team often
helped them to 5. (提高他们的信
心).They also showed them how to save the damaged crops and how to
6. (使产量翻一番).Most of the local
farmers thought highly of the team.7. (被
这些农民称赞), Tom worked harder than before.In his opinion, it
was his duty to help the farmers out when they got into trouble.
set up by an old expert
faced with a natural disaster
have their confidence improved
have the production doubled
Praised by these farmers
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
(2025·湖南新邵三中期中)Spanish scientist Pilar Bosch has found
a way to use bacteria (细菌) to repair 18th-century paintings.Bosch, a
microbiologist, said that she got the idea for the method while
considering possibilities for a paper toward her doctoral degree.During
this process, she discovered someone else’s paper that suggested
bacteria can be used to repair artworks.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
At around the same time, Bosch learned that her mother, Pilar
Roig, was struggling to find a good method for repairing 18th-century
paintings.The paintings, by Spanish artist Antonio Palomino, sat in
Santos Juanes — one of the oldest churches in the city of Valencia.Pilar
Roig noted how difficult the repair process at the church was.One reason
was the glue (胶水) used to remove the paintings from the walls in the
1960s.The glue was nearly impossible to remove completely.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
“My mother had a very difficult problem to solve and I found a
paper about bacteria used to clean paintings on walls in Italy,” Bosch
said.Bosch added she decided to write her doctoral paper on the same
subject.Today, she gets to work with her mother on the church
repair.They are using the bacteria method to remove glue from
artworks.The $4.46 million project is being financed by local
organizations.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
To repair, they feed small amounts of the glue that is made from
animal collagen (胶原蛋白) to the bacteria.After a time, the bacteria
begin to naturally produce enzymes (酶) to break down the glue.The
mother-daughter team then mixes the bacteria with a natural algae-based
substance, called a gel (凝胶), and places it onto the paintings.After
about three hours, the gel mixture is removed, leaving the paintings
glue-free.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Bosch’s mother, now 75, noted that in the past, people working
on repairing artworks had to use traditional cleaning methods that took
hours and damaged the painting.Bosch is now training other scientists to
use a different kind of bacteria to clear walls of painted graffiti.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙科学家Pilar
Bosch如何通过细菌来修复18世纪画作。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了西班牙科学家Pilar
Bosch如何通过细菌来修复18世纪画作。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
1. How did Bosch find the way to repair old paintings?( )
A. Her mother inspired her.
B. Her doctor instructed her.
C. She tested it out by many experiments.
D. She found it when preparing her paper.
√
解析: 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知,Bosch在为她的博士
论文准备资料时发现了关于用细菌修复艺术品的方法。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
2. What made it difficult to repair the old paintings?( )
A. Not having enough money.
B. The history of the churches.
C. The glue that was once used.
D. Experience of past failures.
√
解析: 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知,修复工作困难的
原因之一是20世纪60年代使用的胶水很难完全去除。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
3. What is paragraph 4 centered on?( )
A. The process of cleaning the paintings.
B. The necessity of repairing the paintings.
C. The challenges facing the mother-daughter team.
D. The materials that are used to clean the paintings.
解析:段落大意题。第四段详细描述了使用细菌清洗绘画的过程。
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
4. Which can be the best title for the text?( )
A. Bacteria Removal Process Is Widely Used in Spain
B. Spanish Scientist Uses Bacteria to Repair Artworks
C. Old Artworks Are Likely to Be Repaired with Bacteria
D. Spanish Mother-Daughter Team Discovered a Painting
解析: 标题归纳题。根据文章首句可知,文章主要介绍西班牙科
学家Pilar Bosch如何通过细菌来修复18世纪画作。B项(西班牙科学
家用细菌修复艺术品)适合作为文章最佳标题。
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
B
(2025·广州大学附属中学期中联考)It was written in some
sense, that National Geographic Explorer Cynthia Chiang would end up
in observational cosmology — the study of the origin and development of
the universe using specialized detectors and telescopes.“I’m not going
to lie, my father was a physicist.My mother was an astronomer.But no
kid wants to be like their parents,” she jokes, semi-seriously.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Chiang always enjoyed building things.It wasn’t unusual for her to
disassemble her father’s research equipment and put them back together
like a child engineer.She thanks, in part, her short attention span for
her evolving curiosity, “I am always looking for something.”
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
For the last few years, Chiang has been looking for signs of the
universe’s early existence — the birth of the first stars more than 13
billion years ago — and she’s building her own equipment to do it.As a
professor of physics at McGill University, she focuses on peering beyond
the universe as it is known today, into its distant past, using novel radio
technology.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Initially, Chiang planned to do her PhD in particle (粒子的)
physics but switched direction after a visit to a lab at the California
Institute of Technology.“It was complete chaos.There are specialized
equipment and tools everywhere.I didn’t know about observational
cosmology at the time but thought ‘Whatever this is, I want to do
that.’”
“This was also a leap of faith because I really couldn’t continue the
work I was doing before,” Chiang recalls.“I had never done radio
before but I thought, ‘Let me give this a try and see how it goes.’”
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了国家地理探索者
Cynthia Chiang的背景、兴趣、职业道路以及她在观测宇宙学领域的
研究工作。
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了国家地理探索者
Cynthia Chiang的背景、兴趣、职业道路以及她在观测宇宙学领域的
研究工作。
5. What is the intention of Cynthia Chiang’s joke?( )
A. To illustrate her pursuit.
B. To prove her innocence.
C. To show her parents’ achievements.
D. To reflect her attitude to her parents.
√
解析: 推理判断题。根据第一段以及下文对她职业的介绍可知,
提到Cynthia Chiang的笑话是为了引出她自己的职业追求。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
6. Why did Cynthia Chiang decide to pursue observational cosmology?
( )
A. She was inspired by a lab.
B. She wanted to pursue her PhD.
C. She wanted to build radio telescopes.
D. She had a lifelong interest in astronomy.
√
解析: 细节理解题。根据第四段可知,Cynthia Chiang原本计划攻
读粒子物理学博士,但在参观了加州理工学院的实验室后,她改变了
方向,决定从事她当时并不了解的观测宇宙学。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
7. Which words can be used to describe Cynthia Chiang?( )
A. Sensible and reliable.
B. Hard-working and considerate.
C. Adventurous and determined.
D. Knowledgeable and talented.
√
解析: 推理判断题。根据第三段第一句以及第四段可知,Chiang
敢于尝试新的领域并决定从事观测宇宙学。由此推断,她是一个有冒
险精神和有决心的人。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
8. What is the best title for this passage?( )
A. The Influence of Family on Career Choices
B. Overcoming Challenges in Scientific Research
C. The Evolution of a Scientist’s Interests
D. Innovations in Radio Technology
√
解析: 标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是最后一段可知,文章主要讲
述了Cynthia Chiang从小时候的兴趣到后来的职业选择,以及她在不
同阶段的变化和决定。C项(一个科学家兴趣的演变)适合作为本文
的最佳标题。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Ⅱ.阅读七选五
Characteristics of an Excellent Scientist
The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional
knowledge on one or more sciences,especially natural science or physical
science.9.( ) Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent
scientist.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.Scientists
such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things
mainly because they wanted to know how things work.10.( )
Patience
Becoming a scientist takes a long time.11.( ) Even if you
think you have received some education on science, you still have a lot of
scientific research to do.If you’re an instant-gratification type of
person,this may not be the best choice for you.
Curiosity
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Ethical (道德的) qualities
In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good,a
scientist must have a desire to improve people’s lives as well as the
environment,since they are linked and they can affect one another in the
long run.12.( ) Sticking to an old belief contradicted by evidence
is dishonest.However,that belief shouldn’t be changed without
powerful evidence.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Working habits
13. ( ) He/She can work well alone or in groups, depending
on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and
verbally.Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar
projects where he/she may discover something new.
A. To make discoveries, you have to think differently.
B. There are very few jobs that take longer than this one.
C. It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods.
D. One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research
laboratory.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
E. An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and
keeps it in mind.
F. A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests
or public opinion.
G. Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder, a scientist will
never get to the first stage of the scientific process.
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为一名杰出的科
学家具备的品质。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作为一名杰出的科
学家具备的品质。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
9. C 上文讲字典对科学家这一名词的解释。C项(它还将科学家定
义为使用科学方法的人)承接上文。
10. G 根据小标题和段首句可知,优秀的科学家要具备好奇心。G项
(如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力,就永远无法进入科学过程的
第一阶段)呼应小标题并承接上文。
11. B 根据段落小标题和段首句可知,成为科学家耗时很长,需要
一定的耐心。B项(很少有工作比这一项需要更长时间)呼应小标题
并承接上文。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
12. F 根据本段内容可知,F项(科学家必须诚实地报告研究结果,
而不考虑个人利益或公众舆论)表明科学家要诚实,坚持真理,这是
小标题Ethical (道德的) qualities的体现。
13. E 根据小标题可知,本段主要是谈工作习惯。E项(一个优秀的
科学家甚至会记录最微小的观察结果并牢记于心)是一种工作习惯和
方式,符合段落语境。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2025·广东名校联盟期中)Shanya, a middle school student from
California, won a science award for designing a fire detection (探测)
system that is better than existing ones.
Shanya’s 14 came after a fire destroyed a restaurant in her
neighborhood during the summer of 2022.“I had never really 15
something like that before,” she talked about the early
morning’s 16 happening at the restaurant, which started in the
kitchen.“They had smoke detectors (探测器), yet 17 it still
burned down,” she 18 .
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
She spent more than a year developing a fire detection system that
could have 19 the fire.Smoke detectors sense active fires from
the 20 in the air.Shanya’s thermal imaging device (热成像设备)
is 21 to stop fires from occurring.Her system has two 22 , a
thermal camera and a tiny computer.The device detects a heat source
which has been left 23 for ten minutes and sends a text message
alarm.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
“I had two designs, and my first design completely 24 .It was
a really big problem I had to 25 ,” she said.The final device proves
useful in speed and accuracy.Shanya wants to bring the costs down to $60
to make it even more 26 than smoke detectors.
“Shanya saw a 27 and tried to solve it.That’s what I 28
all young people to do,” said a scientist.
语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。来自加州的中学生珊娅设计了一
种比现有火灾探测系统更好的装置,获得了科学奖。
语篇解读:本文是一篇新闻报道。来自加州的中学生珊娅设计了一
种比现有火灾探测系统更好的装置,获得了科学奖。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
14. A. view B. idea C. goal D. dream
解析: 根据首段中的designing a fire detection (探测) system可
知,这里指珊娅的想法的来源。
√
15. A. forgotten B. invented
C. experienced D. feared
√
解析: 根据空后的something like that before可知,她以前从来没有
真正经历过这样的事情。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
16. A. exploration B. movement
C. fire D. worry
解析: 根据上句中的after a fire可知,她谈到了餐厅清晨发生
的火灾。
17. A. partly B. obviously
C. luckily D. finally
解析: 根据空后的it still burned down可知,最后还是烧毁了。
√
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
18. A. added B. repeated
C. argued D. replied
解析: 根据空前的They had smoke detectors ...burned down可知,
她补充说。
19. A. improved B. prevented
C. cleared D. changed
解析: 根据下句中的Smoke detectors sense active fires可知,发明
了一种可以预防火灾的火灾探测系统。
√
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
20. A. water B. steam C. dirt D. smoke
解析: 根据上文多次出现的smoke可知,烟雾探测器从空气中的
烟雾中感应到活跃的火灾。
21. A. organized B. forced
C. left D. designed
解析: 根据首段中的designing可知,珊娅设计的热成像设备是用
来防止火灾发生的。
√
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
22. A. parts B. points C. uses D. roles
解析: 根据后半句thermal camera and a tiny computer可知,她的系
统由两个部分组成。
23. A. unknown B. uninjured
C. unnoticed D. unprotected
解析: 根据空后的sends a text message alarm可知,该设备检测到
一个热源已经被忽视了十分钟。
√
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
24. A. failed B. succeeded
C. missed D. appeared
解析: 根据下句可知,第一个设计完全失败了。
25. A. pay off B. go through
C. give up D. come across
解析: 根据上句可知,这是她必须经历的一个大问题。
√
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
26. A. suitable B. attractive
C. curious D. affordable
解析: 根据空前的bring the costs down to $60可知,使其比烟雾探
测器更便宜。
27. A. plan B. chance
C. problem D. possibility
解析: 根据上段第二句中的big problem可知,珊娅看到了一个
问题。
√
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
28. A. allow B. encourage
C. cause D. order
解析: 根据空后的all young people to do可知,这就是鼓励所有年
轻人去做的事情。
√
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Ⅳ.语法填空
(2025·河南邓州一中月考)On Tuesday, the 2024 Nobel Prize in
Physics was awarded in Sweden, and 29. (go) to John
Hopfield, a professor at Princeton University, and Geoffrey Hinton, a
computer scientist at the University of Toronto, 30. discoveries in machine learning paved the way (为……创造条件) for how artificial intelligence is used today.Hopfield and Hinton were praised for laying the base for machine learning that allows for many of today’s AI-based 31. (product).
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
Hinton thinks the influence AI will have 32. our
societies is huge.“It will be comparable with the Industrial Revolution,
but instead of outperforming people in physical 33. (strong), it’s going to outperform people in intellectual ability.We have no experience of what it’s like to have things 34. (smart) and more powerful than us,” says Hinton.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
The technology of machine learning using artificial neural (神经
的) networks, developed by Hopfield and Hinton, 35. (base) on the structure of the brain.36. (develop) stronger connections between the networks’ units enables us to train an
artificial neural network, just like we train the brain.Just as we can
search our brains for a particular word 37. a special fact we
rarely use, an artificial neural network can also search through the
patterns it has saved 38. (find) the target information.
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理
学奖的获奖者约翰·霍普菲尔德和杰弗里·辛顿,他们在机器学习领域
的贡献为人工智能的发展奠定了基础。
语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2024年诺贝尔物理
学奖的获奖者约翰·霍普菲尔德和杰弗里·辛顿,他们在机器学习领域
的贡献为人工智能的发展奠定了基础。
29. went 考查时态。根据时间状语On Tuesday和并列谓语was
awarded可知,这里描述的是发生在过去的事情,应用一般过去时。
30. whose 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是
John Hopfield和Geoffrey Hinton,指人,且在定语从句中作定语,应
用whose引导。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
31. products 考查名词复数。根据空前的many可知,空处应用
product的复数形式products。
32. on/upon 考查介词。have an influence on/upon是固定搭配,表示
“对……有影响”,这里the influence为先行词,AI will have on/upon
our societies是定语从句。
33. strength 考查名词。形容词physical应修饰所给词strong的名词形
式;strength意为“体力”,为不可数名词。
34. smarter 考查形容词比较级。空处应用形容词的比较级,与more
powerful并列,共同修饰things。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
35. is based 考查时态和语态。主语The technology和base之间是动宾
关系,且描述客观事实,应用一般现在时的被动语态;主语The
technology为单数,be动词用is。
36. Developing 考查非谓语动词。空处应用动词-ing形式作句子的主
语;置于句首,首字母大写。
37. or 考查连词。a particular word和a special fact是并列的名词短
语,且这里表示“或者”,应用or。
38. to find 考查非谓语动词。此处表示“为了找到目标信息”,表
示目的,应用不定式形式to find。
目 录
英语·必修第三册(YL)
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