UNIT 6 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(课时跟踪检测)(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 维度一：品句填词 1.In view of the security， it is necessary that all the 　　　　　　（全体机组人员） should carry a first aid kit each. 2.We’ll try our best to help the children get out of the 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（阴影） caused by the earthquake. 3.To their disappointment， the basketball match was 　　　　　　（中止） because of the power failure. 4.Upon hearing the fire alarm， the people in the building were panicked and s　　　　　　. 5.Some people have the wrong n　　　　　　 that one can get infected with AIDS by giving blood. 维度二：词形转换 1.Based on the 　　　　　　（assume） that all students had read the materials in advance， the teacher started the class with a challenging discussion. 2.The old man told the story of his lost family 　　　　　　（tragic）， his eyes filled with sorrow. 3.The painting on display was 　　　　　　（exceptional） compared to the masterpieces in the museum， failing to catch visitors’ attention. 4.Driving at high speed in heavy fog is a 　　　　（hazard） activity that may lead to serious accidents. 5.The school allows a partial 　　　　　　（suspend） of its rules on the last day of term. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.As soon as she 　　　　　　　　（踏上） the campus of her dream university， she felt a sense of pride and excitement welling up inside. 2.To stay informed about the latest sports events， sports fans 　　　　　　（收听） to the sports channel early every morning. 3.When the spaceship 　　　　　　（起飞）， the ground trembled beneath people’s feet， and everyone held their breath， witnessing this historic moment. 4.The judgement 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（蒙上阴影） his future， so he felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court. 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （若全面考虑）， her suggestion is of greater value than yours. 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （无论多么遥远） apart we are， my thoughts always find their way back to you. 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （毫无疑问） this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English. 8.It will not be long before you 　　　　　　　　　　　　（习惯于……） driving on the left side of the road in Britain. 维度四：一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加黑词汇对应的意思 1.shuttle A.n.航天飞机 B.n.往来于两地之间的航班（或班车、火车） C.v.往返运送 ①The space shuttle had been scheduled to blast off at 4：38 am. 　　　　　 ②A bus shuttles passengers back and forth from the station to the terminal. 　　　　　 ③A shuttle bus runs frequently between the university and the town center. 　　　　　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 2.Behind us is the spaceship， half in the sunlight and half in deep shadow. 　　　　　 3.Hiring a professional photography crew， Jay and Hannah toured Europe to take their wedding photos in October. 　　　　　 阅读理解 A 　　（2025·辽宁高二下期末） The idea of turning Mars into a livable world for humans is a common element of science fiction.But could such an action be done in real life？ 　　There are many issues that need to be solved before humans can successfully live on Mars.They include a lack of breathable oxygen， harmful ultraviolet （紫外线） radiation， salty soil， and dust storms that sometimes cover much of the planet.And the average Martian surface temperature is about minus （零下） 65 ℃.With its thin atmosphere， solar heat on the Martian surface easily escapes into space. 　　Scientists are now proposing a new method to warm up Mars.The idea involves putting engineered particles made of iron or aluminum （铝） into the atmosphere at a rate of about 30 liters per second for years.The goal is to trap escaping heat and direct sunlight towards the Martian surface.The proposal would aim to permit liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars， which has water in the form of ice at its polar areas and its subsurface. 　　The proposed idea would be to increase the natural greenhouse effect on Mars and raise its surface temperature by around 28 ℃ over ten years.Such a change alone would not make Mars livable for people.But the scientists see it as a possible first step. 　　Scientist Kite described the process of changing a planet’s environment to be more like Earth.“For Mars， warming the planet is necessary， but not enough， first step.Previous concepts have focused on releasing greenhouse gases， but these require large amounts of resources that are rare on Mars，” he said.Kite added that climate modeling suggests the new idea of using engineered particles to warm Mars’ atmosphere could work better than previous ideas and that the work is important because it presents a possible method that could help future exploration plans. 　　Kite suggested that the costs and benefits of releasing particles are uncertain.For example， he said if Mars’ soil has compounds that are harmful to life from Earth， then the benefit of warming Mars is zero. 1.What’s the function of the question mentioned in paragraph 1？（　　） A.To prove the untruth of sci-fi.　　　　 B.To expect readers’ clear answers. C.To express people’s strong doubts. D.To introduce the theme of the text. 2.What does the author intend to explain in paragraph 2？（　　） A.The challenges for human settling on Mars. B.The variety of natural environments on Mars. C.The possibility of solid ice existence on Mars. D.The reason for the year-long darkness on Mars. 3.What does Kite’s words about the new idea convey？（　　） A.It’s perfect. B.It’s practical. C.It’s dangerous. D.It’s traditional. 4.What’s the best title for the text？（　　） A.Scientists Help People Move to Mars B.Scientists Make Mars a Second Home C.Scientists Propose an Idea to Warm Mars D.Scientists Change the Atmosphere of Mars B 　　（2025·重庆高二下期末） When Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft docked with the International Space Station （ISS） earlier this year， the two NASA astronauts on board discovered several minor faults in its propulsion system， leading to a much longer than expected stay on the ISS.This led to headlines about the astronauts being “stranded （滞留）” in space and a renewed interest in the subject of space rescue. 　　Astronauts normally leave the ISS in the same vehicle they arrived in — and that’s as true in the case of an emergency evacuation （疏散） as a routine departure.So any problem with the spacecraft — even a relatively minor one — is a potential worry.If the problem is considered to put the astronauts’ lives at risk， then a replacement spacecraft will be sent up. 　　The key to any kind of in-space rescue is the ability to connect two spacecraft together so astronauts can transfer quickly and safely from one to the other.This process is referred to as docking， and in principle can apply to uncrewed vessels as well as crewed （载人的） ones.However， when an uncrewed vehicle is involved， the procedure is more often referred to as “berthing” rather than docking.The difference is that a crewed spacecraft actively flies in and couples to the ISS， while an uncrewed one is grabbed by a robotic arm operated by an astronaut on board the station and then gently pulled in and attached to one of the external ports. 　　In those early days， the Soviets and Americans developed their own systems for docking， but they soon realized that agreeing on an international standard would make future space rescues much more practical.In 2010 the ISS member states — Russia， the United States， Japan， Canada and the European Space Agency （ESA） — formally agreed on an International Docking System Standard （IDSS）. 　　This will apply to all future docking systems， and also covers berthing mechanisms.In docking mode， one vehicle — typically the visiting spacecraft， such as the Soyuz or Crew Dragon — takes an active role， while the other， usually the ISS itself， remains passive.Docking then proceeds in two phases， the first called “soft capture” and the second “hard capture”.Only after the second phase is complete are the two vehicles firmly locked together and it’s safe for the crew to transfer from one to the other. 5.Why is Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft mentioned in paragraph 1？（　　） A.To analyze the cause of space rescue. B.To stress the significance of space rescue. C.To suggest another strategy of space rescue. D.To introduce more knowledge about space rescue. 6.What’s the difference between docking and berthing？（　　） A.Docking is the earlier stage before berthing. B.Docking is safer than berthing in an evacuation. C.Docking is relatively active but berthing passive. D.Berthing isn’t completed in the ISS like docking. 7.What’s the purpose for some countries to set International Docking System Standard？（　　） A.Advance docking remarkably and rapidly. B.Make docking consistently and effectively. C.Research docking systematically and completely. D.Avoid member states’ faults totally and accurately. 8.What does “hard capture” in the last paragraph mean？（　　） A.A crewed spacecraft actively flies into the ISS. B.The ISS itself usually remains passive when docking. C.An uncrewed spacecraft is pulled passively to the ISS. D.The two spacecraft connect together securely and strongly. C 　　（2025·云南大理高二下期末） Researchers concerned with space exploration say they have discovered new evidence that Mars once had a large northern ocean.The discovery adds to existing evidence that the ancient Mars had the right conditions to possibly support some form of life. 　　Today， any water on Mars is believed to be in the form of ice because of the planet’s extremely cold desert temperatures.But there is a rich amount of evidence suggesting that rivers， lakes and even oceans once existed on Mars.A study by the American space agency NASA suggested that billions of years ago， Mars likely had an ocean that covered nearly half of Mars’ northern hemisphere （半球）.Another NASA-supported study estimated that about several billion years ago， the climate in much of the planet’s northern hemisphere was very similar to today’s Earth.The study noted that at that time， Mars likely had a much thicker atmosphere than today and had an active northern ocean. 　　Two American researchers recently released a set of maps to provide new environmental evidence of a large ancient ocean on Mars’ low-lying northern hemisphere.The team collected data from satellite images and photos of Mars.They then combined them to create maps of the planet’s northern hemisphere.Using the maps， the researchers were able to piece together evidence of shorelines that sat at the edge of a huge body of water about 3.5 billion years ago. 　　The researchers published their findings in the Journal of Geophysical Research： Planets.Benjamin Cardenas， a professor at The Penn State University， was a co-writer of the study.He said the study’s findings showed the possible ocean in that area of Mars was changeable and interesting.“It was dynamic （动态的）.The sea level rose significantly，” he said.“Rocks were being deposited （沉积） along its basins at a fast rate.There was a lot of change happening here.” Besides， Cardenas suggested the new study also provided useful information on Mars’ ancient climate and developmental history.“Based on these findings， we know there had to have been a period when it was warm enough and the atmosphere was thick enough to support this much liquid water at one time，” he said. 9.How does the author develop paragraph 2？（　　） A.By giving examples. B.By listing data. C.By making assumptions. D.By making comparisons. 10.What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the researchers？（　　） A.Where they created maps. B.When they landed on Mars. C.Why they studied satellites. D.How they found the evidence. 11.What can we learn about Mars according to the new study？（　　） A.It must have been always warm. B.It might have had an active ocean. C.The climate and sea level were unchangeable. D.The atmosphere was too thin to support water. 12.Where is the text most probably taken from？（　　） A.A photography book. B.An entertainment magazine. C.A scientific journal. D.An agricultural newspaper. 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas 基础知识自测 维度一 1.crew　2.shadow　3.suspended　4.screamed　5.notion 维度二 1.assumption　2.tragically　3.unexceptional　4.hazardous 5.suspension 维度三 1.set foot on　2.tune in　3.took off　4.cast a shadow on 5.All considered/All things considered　6.No matter how far 7.There is no doubt that　8.get accustomed to 维度四 1.①A　②C　③B 2.n.阴暗处　3.n.专业团队 素养能力提升 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家提出的一种帮火星升温的新方法——通过向火星大气中释放工程粒子来提高火星的表面温度，使其更适合人类居住。 1.D　推理判断题。根据第一段、第二段末句和第三段首句可知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引出本文的主题，即科学家们现在提出了一种使火星变暖的新方法。 2.A　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，在火星上建立人类定居点要面临多种挑战：缺乏可呼吸的氧气、有害的紫外线辐射、盐碱土壤和尘暴等。而这些问题都是人类在火星上生存必须要解决的实际困难。由此推断，本段主要阐述了人类在火星上定居面临的各种挑战。 3.B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段末句可知，Kite认为这个新想法比之前的想法更好，且为未来探索计划提供了一种可能性。由此推知，Kite认为这个新想法是切实可行的。 4.C　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段可知，本文主要介绍了科学家提出的一种帮火星升温的新方法——通过向火星大气中释放工程粒子来提高火星的表面温度，使其更适合人类居住。因此，C项（科学家提出了一个温暖火星的想法）为文章最佳标题。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从波音公司的“星际客机”出现故障导致两名宇航员在空间站长期滞留这一事件引入，探讨了“太空救援”的问题。 5.D　推理判断题。文章第二至末段介绍了更多关于太空救援的知识，因此可知，作者在第一段中提到Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft是为了引出“太空救援”这一话题，作者再就此对救援模式进行更加详细的解释。 6.C　细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，docking指载人飞船会主动飞入国际空间站进行对接，而berthing指无人宇宙飞船由机械臂抓入国际空间站停泊在固定地方，这个过程是被动进入，所以对接docking相对属于主动，而停泊berthing属于被动。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，在各个国家自行研究航空航天技术的情况下达成统一的标准，会使对接持续高效进行。 8.D　推理判断题。根据最后一段所描述的先后顺序可推知，soft capture是指飞船进入国际空间站的过程，而hard capture是指最后实现安全、牢固对接的过程。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现了新的证据，表明火星上曾经存在一个大型北部海洋。 9.A　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，本段列举了NASA关于火星的两项研究，因此第二段是通过举例子的方式来展开的。 10.D　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段主要介绍了两位美国研究人员如何寻找有关火星上存在远古海洋的证据。 11.B　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的He said the study’s findings ...lot of change happening here.，尤其是关键词changeable和dynamic可知，新研究表明远古时期的火星上可能存在活跃的海洋。 12.C　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文介绍了一个新发现：远古的火星上可能存在一片巨大的海洋，故本文最有可能来自一本科学杂志。 6 / 6 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $