UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Using language(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦定语从句核心知识点，系统梳理关系代词（who/which/that/whose等）、关系副词（when/where/why）的用法，进阶至“介词+关系代词”结构及限制性与非限制性定语从句的区分，形成从基础到进阶的学习支架。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维语法观为指导，通过“感悟—发现—归纳—运用”四步教学法，结合“Good Deal运动”等真实语料培养语言能力。设计单句填空、句子合并等练习，在辨析关系词功能中提升思维品质，课中辅助教师系统授课，课后练习助力学生巩固查漏，有效发展学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Using language 【重难语法·要攻克】 一、会发现　①who/that　boy　主语　②whose　house 定语　③which/that　a book　主语　④when　childhood　时间状语　⑤where　place　地点状语　⑥why　reasons　原因状语　⑦where　point　地点状语 运用练　①whose　②why　③when　④who/that　⑤where 二、会发现　①refer　②the day　③句意　④主语 运用练　①from　②of　③for　④during ⑤without whose　⑥both of whom 三、会发现　①限制性　②非限制性　③非限制性 ④非限制性 运用练　①as　②which　③where　④which　⑤whom 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.when　2.whose　3.who/that　4.why　5.where 6.which　7.who　8.whose　9.As　10.which Ⅱ.1.as children could understand 2.when more information is available 3.that you told us 4.from which you can have a better understanding of Chinese culture 5.where she learned that she had serious injuries 【知识要点·须拾遗】 1.①in　②superiority　③is superior to 2.①being in debt/going into debt/getting into debt/running into debt　②be in your debt/in debt to you ③am heavily in debt； be/get out of debt 7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅱ　Using language 复习：定语从句 　　Good Deal is a local movement in some countries whose① aim is to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce. Good Deal products may be a little more expensive than regular ones， but up to 1/3 of the sale price will be given back to the producers. The movement has proven popular among young people who② want to help producers get the payment that/which③ they deserve. The reason why④ they are willing to spend a little more on Good Deal products is that they believe their purchasing of these products will help improve people’s welfare. However， some people， who⑤ are less optimistic， argue that it discriminates against producers who are not part of the movement. 1.加黑处均引导定语从句；定语从句是修饰名词或代词的句子，其引导词可分为关系代词和关系副词； 2.关系代词在从句中可充当定语（如加黑处①）、主语（如加黑处②和⑤）、宾语（如加黑处③）、表语等；关系副词在从句中作状语，（如加黑处④）； 3.关系副词有时候可替换成“介词＋关系代词”结构，如加黑处④中的why可替换成for which； 4.定语从句一般紧跟在其所修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）之后；用逗号隔开的定语从句是非限制性定语从句（如加黑处⑤），一般不用that引导。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、引导定语从句的关系词 【先感悟】 ①Is he the boy who/that lives next door？ ②He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea. ③I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain from the library last week. ④I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm. ⑤（教材典句） This is a place where roses grow wild. ⑥There are several reasons why we can’t do that. ⑦I think you’ve got to the point where a change is needed， otherwise you’ll fail. 【会发现】 ①关系代词　　　　　修饰的先行词为　　　　　，在从句中作　　　　　； ②关系代词　　　　　修饰的先行词为　　　　　，在从句中作　　　　　，house与window之间是所属关系； ③关系代词　　　　　　　　修饰的先行词为　　　　　，在从句中作　　　　　； ④关系副词　　　　　修饰的先行词为　　　　　，在从句中作　　　　　； ⑤关系副词　　　　　修饰的先行词为　　　　　，在从句中作　　　　　； ⑥关系副词　　　　　修饰的先行词为　　　　　，在从句中作　　　　　； ⑦关系副词　　　　　修饰的先行词为　　　　　，为抽象地点名词，在从句中作　　　　　。 【善归纳】 1.关系词的基本用法 关系词 所修饰的先行词 在从句中所作的成分 关系 代词 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物或事 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 as 人、物或事 主语、宾语 关系 副词 when 时间名词 时间状语 where 地点名词 地点状语 why 原因名词 原因状语 名师点津 situation， case， point， stage等抽象地点名词后可接where引导的定语从句。 2.关系词的选用 根据定语从句中所缺少的成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）：关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词。 【运用练】　用适当的关系词填空 ①The girl 　　　　　car broke down is waiting for help. ②Instead of making many excuses 　　　　you can’t reach your goal， just hold on to your dream. ③The film brought the time back to me 　　　　　I was taken good care of in the countryside by my grandparents. ④There is even a story about how he helped a little girl 　　　　　knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework. ⑤We’ve reached a point 　　　　　we must make a decision. 二、“介词＋关系代词”的选用 【先感悟】 ①The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed last night. ②I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army. ③This is the pencil with which I draw pictures. ④（人教选必三）Previously， water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists， many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river. 【会发现】 ①黑体部分的介词与定语从句中的谓语动词　　　　　搭配，refer to意为“提到”； ②黑体部分的介词与先行词　　　　　　　搭配，on the day意为“在那天”； ③黑体部分的介词由　　　　决定，draw pictures with the pencil意为“用铅笔作画”； ④本句为“代词＋of＋whom”引导的定语从句，该结构在从句中作　　　　　。 【善归纳】 1.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。 （1）根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词的某种习惯搭配确定介词。 （2）根据与先行词搭配的具体意义确定介词。 （3）根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。 2.“介词＋关系代词”结构中的关系代词通常用which或whom，不用that。 【运用练】 （1）用适当的介词填空 ①It is our hope that in coming decades， advances in science will offer new perspectives （视角） 　　　　　which to study how people manage their lives. ②He paid the boy ten dollars to wash the windows， most 　　　　which hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. ③Please tell me the reason 　　　　which you should have a holiday. ④Robert spent four years in college， 　　　　　which he learned law and medicine. （2）合并句子 ⑤I’m very grateful to Mr Zhang. I couldn’t have been admitted to a key university without his encouragement. →I’m very grateful to Mr Zhang， 　　　　　　　encouragement I couldn’t have been admitted to a key university. ⑥I made friends with Susan and Alice in that school. Susan and Alice were interested in astronomy. →I made friends with Susan and Alice in that school， 　　　　　　　were interested in astronomy. 三、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 【先感悟】 ①The Great Wall is one of the buildings that Chinese people are proud of. ②Yesterday I met Mary， who looked very tired. ③As we all know， smoking is harmful to health. ④（教材典句）The biggest challenge at the initial phase was to persuade people to work for me， which was totally outside my experience. 【会发现】 ①关系代词that引导　　　　　定语从句； ②关系代词who引导　　　　　定语从句； ③关系代词as引导　　　　　定语从句； ④关系代词which引导　　　　　　　　　定语从句。 【善归纳】 1.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 区别 限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句 功能 不同 和先行词的关系密切，去掉影响整个句子意思的表达 和先行词关系不密切，起补充说明的作用，去掉不影响整个句子意思的表达 形式 不同 不用逗号隔开 一般用逗号隔开 关系 词 不同 所有关系词都可引导，且在一定情况下可省略 一般不可以用that或why引导，关系词不可省略 先行 词 不同 先行词只能是名词或代词 先行词既可以是名词或代词，也可以是短语或句子 2.as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别 as 引导非限制性定语从句时，修饰整个主句的内容 位置较灵活，可置于所修饰的主句前、主句中或主句后 一般译为“正如，正像” which 修饰主句或主句的一部分 定语从句只置于所修饰的主句之后 一般译为“这一点，这件事” 【运用练】　用适当的关系词填空 ①Yet， the form of the fable still has values today， 　　　　Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”. ②They often run at high speeds， 　　　　may put their lives in danger. ③Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants， 　　　　　eating doesn’t take much time. ④Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， 　　　　　， of course， made others annoyed. ⑤Peter， 　　　　　you met in London， is now back in Paris. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.We’ll never forget the day 　　　　　the People’s Republic of China was founded. 2.With each person I met， I felt a growing sense of pride as part of this extraordinary team， 　　　　　devotion to the cause shone from their eyes. 3.However， none of the 20，000 spectators 　　　　　made their way to the year’s final game had to pay for their tickets， and they were welcome to enjoy the game in creative ways. 4.This was not an easy task.The reason 　　this was difficult was that the team had limited resources. 5.Self-driving is an area 　　　　　China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line. 6.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices， 　　　　　are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. 7.Norman Stienwand， 　　　　farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. 8.Our school organized a campus chorus contest on Wednesday afternoon， 　　　　theme is Love Our Motherland. 9.　　　　 is often the case with old people， my grandfather is fond of talking about good old days. 10.He wrote many children’s books， nearly half of 　　　　　were published in the 1990s. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.They talked in such simple English 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 他们用孩子们能听懂的简单的英语交谈。 2.We live in an age 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　with greater ease than ever before. 我们生活在一个比以往任何时候都更容易获得更多信息的时代。 3.The scientist and his achievements 　　　　　　　　　　are admired by us all. 我们都很钦佩你对我们提及的那位科学家以及他所取得的成就。 4.Besides， there will be a lot of useful and interesting activities， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 另外，还有许多有用的和有趣的活动，从这些活动中，你可以更好地了解中国文化。 5.Later she was taken to a hospital， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in one of her knees. 后来，她被送往医院，在那里，她得知她的一只膝盖受了重伤。 1.superior adj.质量上乘的，优质的；高级的n.上级；高手 【教材原句】　superior， smooth blend， with mild flavour 品质上乘，混合均匀，味道温和 【用法】 （1）superior in　　　在……方面优越 superior to 比……优越；比……好 （2）superiority n. 优越（性），优等；傲慢 【佳句】　Our school library has a collection of superior reference books for students. 我们学校图书馆有为学生准备的一批优质参考书籍。 His strength is superior to mine. 他的体力比我强。 【点津】　superior前不能用more，也不能与than连用。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Our school’s science club is superior 　　　　conducting innovative experiments， which attracts many students. ②The 　　　　　　　（superior） of renewable energy lies in its environmental friendliness and sustainability. 【写美】　完成句子 ③健康的生活方式，包括定期锻炼和均衡饮食，比仅仅依靠药物来保持健康要好。 （建议信） A healthy lifestyle， with regular exercise and a balanced diet， 　　　　　　　　relying only on medicine for good health. 2.go into debt陷入债务之中，负债 【教材原句】　Avoid luxuries so that you don’t go into debt. 避免奢侈，以免欠债。 【用法】 be in debt　　　　　　欠债 get/run into debt 负债，陷入债务之中 be/get out of debt 不欠债 pay off one’s debts 偿清债务 put sb in debt 使某人负债 be in one’s debt/in debt to sb 欠某人的情，对某人感激不尽 【佳句】　If you can get yourself out of debt and change your money habits， you can have a great financial future. 如果你能让自己摆脱债务，并改变你的金钱习惯，未来你就能拥有很好的财务状况。 【练透】　用debt的相关短语填空 ①Young people should avoid buying expensive things blindly to prevent 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 【写美】　完成句子 ②你在我困难的时候帮助了我，我会永远感激你。（感谢信） I’ll always 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　for helping me when I was in trouble. ③我现在负债累累，但希望拿到工资后就能把债务还清。 I 　　　　　　　　　　at the moment， but hope to 　　　　　　　　when I get paid. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 4　Section Ⅱ 7 / 7 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $