UNIT 4 Section Ⅱ Using language(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

Section Ⅱ　Using language

复习：定语从句

　　Good Deal is a local movement in some countries whose① aim is to help farmers and workers in less developed areas receive a better deal for their produce. Good Deal products may be a little more expensive than regular ones， but up to 1/3 of the sale price will be given back to the producers. The movement has proven popular among young people who② want to help producers get the payment that/which③ they deserve. The reason why④ they are willing to spend a little more on Good Deal products is that they believe their purchasing of these products will help improve people’s welfare. However， some people， who⑤ are less optimistic， argue that it discriminates against producers who are not part of the movement.

1.加蓝处均引导定语从句；定语从句是修饰名词或代词的句子，其引导词可分为关系代词和关系副词；

2.关系代词在从句中可充当定语（如加蓝处①）、主语（如加蓝处②和⑤）、宾语（如加蓝处③）、表语等；关系副词在从句中作状语，（如加蓝处④）；

3.关系副词有时候可替换成“介词＋关系代词”结构，如加蓝处④中的why可替换成for which；

4.定语从句一般紧跟在其所修饰的名词或代词（即先行词）之后；用逗号隔开的定语从句是非限制性定语从句（如加蓝处⑤），一般不用that引导。

——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观

一、引导定语从句的关系词

【先感悟】

①Is he the boy who/that lives next door？

②He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea.

③I borrowed a book which/that was written by Mark Twain from the library last week.

④I often thought of my childhood when I lived on a farm.

⑤（教材典句） This is a place where roses grow wild.

⑥There are several reasons why we can’t do that.

⑦I think you’ve got to the point where a change is needed， otherwise you’ll fail.

【会发现】

①关系代词　who/that　修饰的先行词为　boy　，在从句中作　主语　；

②关系代词　whose　修饰的先行词为　house　，在从句中作　定语　，house与window之间是所属关系；

③关系代词　which/that　修饰的先行词为　a book　，在从句中作　主语　；

④关系副词　when　修饰的先行词为　childhood　，在从句中作　时间状语　；

⑤关系副词　where　修饰的先行词为　place　，在从句中作　地点状语　；

⑥关系副词　why　修饰的先行词为　reasons　，在从句中作　原因状语　；

⑦关系副词　where　修饰的先行词为　point　，为抽象地点名词，在从句中作　地点状语　。

【善归纳】

1.关系词的基本用法

名师点津

situation， case， point， stage等抽象地点名词后可接where引导的定语从句。

2.关系词的选用

根据定语从句中所缺少的成分（主语、宾语、定语、状语）：关系词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，应用关系代词；关系词在从句中作状语时，应用关系副词。

【运用练】　用适当的关系词填空

①The girl 　whose　 car broke down is waiting for help.

②Instead of making many excuses 　why　 you can’t reach your goal， just hold on to your dream.

③The film brought the time back to me 　when　 I was taken good care of in the countryside by my grandparents.

④There is even a story about how he helped a little girl 　who/that　 knocked on his door and asked for help with her homework.

⑤We’ve reached a point 　where　 we must make a decision.

二、“介词＋关系代词”的选用

【先感悟】

①The witness to whom the policemen referred was killed last night.

②I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the army.

③This is the pencil with which I draw pictures.

④（人教选必三）Previously， water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists， many of whom frequently threw garbage into the river.

【会发现】

①蓝体部分的介词与定语从句中的谓语动词　refer　搭配，refer to意为“提到”；

②蓝体部分的介词与先行词　the day　搭配，on the day意为“在那天”；

③蓝体部分的介词由　句意　决定，draw pictures with the pencil意为“用铅笔作画”；

④本句为“代词＋of＋whom”引导的定语从句，该结构在从句中作　主语　。

【善归纳】

1.“介词＋关系代词”结构中介词的确定方法。

（1）根据从句中的谓语动词或主要的形容词的某种习惯搭配确定介词。

（2）根据与先行词搭配的具体意义确定介词。

（3）根据句子所要表达的意思确定介词。