UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版）

本讲义围绕“面对未来”主题，以海明威和柯南·道尔的人生经历为载体，构建“Pre-reading激活经验、While-reading分层理解（析架构、知细节、析难句）、Post-reading拓展应用”的学习支架，系统梳理计划与成功的关系及语言知识。 该资料通过分阶段任务设计提升语言能力，如难句翻译和语法填空强化语言运用；结合作家案例分析培养思维品质，如探讨计划与成功的关系引导深度思考；词块与原句默写助力学习能力发展。课中便于教师分层教学，课后帮助学生巩固语言知识、弥补思维盲点。

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Pre-reading Before reading the passage， answer the following questions. 1.What kind of job do you want to do in the future？ 　I want to work in a job that combines creativity and helping others， like teaching or designing.　 2.Why do you choose this job？ 　I choose this job because I enjoy solving problems and sharing ideas.　 3.What skills do you need to prepare for this job？ 　To prepare （for this job）， I need to learn communication skills， practice teamwork， and study subjects like technology or art.　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks. 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1.According to the text， how do many of us feel our future？（　　） A.Worried.　　 B.Ambitious. C.Interested.　 D.Dull. 2.What can we learn from the second paragraph？（　　） A.As long as we have plans， we must have a great future. B.Even if we have plans，there’s no guarantee of our future. C.Our future is determined by luck. D.All successful writers have the same ambition. 3.Which is the right order of Hemingway’s events？（　　） a.He joined a local Kansas newspaper. b.He graduated from high school. c.He won the Nobel Prize in Literature. d.He was determined to be a writer. A.a－b－c－d.　 B.c－a－d－b. C.d－a－b－c.　 D.d－b－a－c. 4.What was Doyle’s ideal career？（　　） A.A doctor.　 B.A detective. C.A writer.　 D.A sailor. 5.Why did Doyle bring Holmes back from the dead in his novel？（　　） A.He didn’t want Holmes to die. B.He loved Holmes very much. C.Without Holmes， he couldn’t finish writing. D.He was forced to do that by his fans. 答案：1－5　ABDCD 第三步：析难句表达升级 自主翻译：　正如我们许多人都知道的那样，对未来有计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。　 自主翻译：　虽然这两位作家最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路却截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们当初所计划的那样。　 Post-reading 第一步：拓思维品质提升 1.Judging from the experiences of Hemingway and Conan Doyle， what is the relationship between an individual’s plan and ultimate success？ 　Having a clear plan is beneficial for achieving success to some extent.For example， Hemingway was determined to write since his childhood and created works based on his own experiences， which eventually led to his winning of awards.However， a plan doesn’t necessarily determine the exact path to success.Conan Doyle planned to become a writer of historical novels but became famous for his Sherlock Holmes stories instead.This shows that success is influenced by multiple factors， and a plan is just one of them.The path and outcome of success may be different from what was initially planned.　 2.What is your understanding of Steve Jobs’ words in the last paragraph？ 　You cannot make sense of your life by looking forward， because the future has not happened yet， and the meaning of future events is therefore uncertain.However， once future events have occurred， you may be able to see how they fit into the pattern of your life.Things which you did not expect to be important may turn out to be very important.You must face the future by believing that everything will work out in the end， and that your life will make sense and have meaning.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　Having plans in place for the future is no guarantee 1.　that　 they will become reality.In this respect， some people are 2.　more fortunate　 （fortunate） than others. 　　The American author， Ernest Hemingway， was from early boyhood single-minded in his ambition to write.On 3.　leaving　 （leave） high school， he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter.In his words， “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.”4.　Having set　 （set） himself this goal， he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences.His short novel The Old Man and the Sea 5.　won　 （win） the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953. 　　The young Arthur Conan Doyle， born in Scotland in 1859， had 6.　originally　 （original） worked as a doctor.After Sherlock Holmes made him famous， Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely 7.　to　 writing.He still wanted to become known for his historical novels， so he killed off the famous detective in a novel 8.　published　 （publish） in 1893.However， fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle was forced 9.　to bring　 （bring） Holmes back from the dead. 　　Though both of these men were successful at last， their paths to success were very different.So， whatever twists and turns you might encounter， take a leaf out of the books of 10.　these　 two authors and be prepared for the unexpected. Facing the Future 　　For many of us， it’s something we already have experienced.One moment， we are lying comfortably in bed， about to fall into a deep sleep①.The next， our eyes are open and we find ourselves wondering or even worrying about② possibly the most important issue of our lives — the future.Will we get into③ the school of our choice？ What will we be doing in ten years’ time？ Can we become the person we really want to be？ In the face of④ such questions， how should we approach the future？ [1]Can we take action⑤ to shape it， or should we just accept whatever comes our way⑥？ 　　[1] 本句为复合句。whatever引导宾语从句，作accept的宾语。 　　[2]As many of us already know， having plans in place⑦ for the future is no guarantee that they will become reality. [3]In this respect， some people are more fortunate than others， as can be illustrated by comparing the lives of two famous authors， born 40 years apart. Although they shared the same ambitious⑧ and energetic approach⑨to life， their careers unfolded in contrasting ways⑩. 　　[2]本句为复合句。As引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作宾语，意为“正如……”；主句中主语为动词-ing短语having plans in place for the future。 　　[3]本句为复合句。as引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作主语，代指整个主句。 　　The American author， Ernest Hemingway， born in 1899， was from early boyhood⑪ single-minded⑫ in his ambition to write.On leaving high school， he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee⑬reporter.He went on to become foreign correspondent⑭ for the Toronto Star and used his extraordinary⑮ experiences in Europe and later Cuba to inform⑯ his writing.In his words， “I decided that I would write one story about each thing that I knew about.” [4] Having set himself this goal， he wrote novels and short stories based on his personal experiences of the First World War， the Spanish Civil War， bullfighting⑰ and deep-sea fishing， amongst others. His novel The Old Man and the Sea， about the three-day epic struggle between an elderly fisherman and the biggest fish he had ever caught， won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953.He would later go on to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. 　　[4]本句为复合句。Having set himself this goal 为动词-ing短语作时间状语；based on his personal experiences of ...为过去分词短语作后置定语。 　　By contrast⑱， the young Arthur Conan Doyle， born in Scotland in 1859， had originally⑲ worked as a doctor.[5] But Doyle’s main ambition was to become a writer of historical⑳ novels. [6]Although some of his historical novels were published， their success was nothing compared to the stories of his fictional detective㉑， Sherlock Holmes， which he is still best known for to this day㉒. 　　[5]to become a writer of historical novels为动词不定式短语作表语。 　　[6]本句为复合句。Although 引导让步状语从句，compared to the stories of his fictional detective为比较状语；which引导非限制性定语从句。 　　Interestingly， Doyle wrote some of his early Holmes stories while he was waiting for patients in his medical practice㉓ in London.After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name， Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to㉔writing.He still longed to㉕ become known for his historical novels amongst㉖ other academic works.The public， however， couldn’t get enough of㉗ Sherlock Holmes.In desperatio， Doyle killed off㉙ the famous detective in a novel published in 1893 so that he could focus on his “serious” writing.However， fans of Holmes were so angry that Doyle， under immense㉚ pressure， was forced to bring Holmes back from the dead.Doyle’s many historical novels， plays， poems and academic papers have remained largely forgotten， but Sherlock Holmes has been entertaining readers for well over a century. 　　[7]Though both of these men were ultimately㉛ successful， their paths to success were very different， their futures not necessarily turning out exactly as they planned. So， whatever twists and turns you might encounter， take a leaf out of the books of these two authors and be prepared for the unexpected.As renowned㉜ tech innovator㉝ Steve Jobs once said，“You can’t connect the dots㉞ looking forward； you can only connect them looking backwards㉟ .So you have to trust that the dots will somehow connect in your future.” 　　[7]their futures ...as they planned为独立主格结构；as they planned为as引导的方式状语从句。 ①fall into sleep入睡 ②worry about担心 ③get into进入 ④in the face of面对，面临 ⑤take action采取行动 ⑥come one’s way发生在某人身上 ⑦in place准备就绪；在正确位置，准备妥当 ⑧ambitious adj.有野心的；有雄心的 ambition n.追求，理想 ⑨approach n.方式，方法 ⑩in contrasting ways以截然不同的方式 ⑪boyhood n.（男性的）童年时期，少年时代 ⑫single-minded adj.一心一意的；专心致志的 ⑬trainee n.接受工作培训的人；实习生 ⑭correspondent n.通讯员，记者 ⑮extraordinary adj.非凡的 ⑯inform v.影响 ⑰bullfighting n.斗牛 ⑱by contrast相比之下 ⑲originally adv.原来；起初 ⑳historical adj.（有关）历史的 history n.历史 ㉑detective n.私家侦探 ㉒to this day直到今天 ㉓medical practice行医 ㉔devote oneself to致力于，献身于…… ㉕long to do sth渴望做某事 ㉖amongst （同among） prep. 在……之中 ㉗get enough of受够了，厌倦 ㉘in desperation绝望；在走投无路的情况下 ㉙kill off毁灭；破坏 ㉚immense adj.极大的；巨大的 ㉛ultimately adv.最后，最终 ㉜renowned adj.有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的 ㉝innovator n.革新者；创新者 ㉞dot n.点，小圆点 ㉟backwards adv.往回，往前面 参考译文 面对未来 　　我们许多人都有过这样的经历。前一刻，我们正惬意地躺在床上，即将进入深度睡眠。但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情——未来。我们能进入心仪的学校吗？十年之后我们会在做什么？我们能够成为真正想成为的人吗？面对这些疑问，我们应该如何迎接未来呢？我们能否采取行动去影响未来，还是该全然接受现实给予我们的一切呢？ 　　正如我们许多人都知道的那样，对未来有计划并不能保证它们都会成为现实。就这一方面而言，一些人比别人更幸运，例如，有两位年龄相差40岁的著名作家，对比他们的人生就能证明这一点。虽然他们面对生活时都有远大的志向，而且精力充沛，但他们的职业生涯的发展却截然不同。 　　美国作家欧内斯特·海明威出生于1899年，他从小就一心想成为作家。高中一毕业，他进入堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。此后，他又成为《多伦多星报》的一名驻外记者，根据在欧洲和后来在古巴的独特经历进行创作。他曾说：“我决定把我知道的每一件事都写成一个故事。”在立下这一目标后，他根据自己在第一次世界大战、西班牙内战、斗牛表演和深海捕鱼等的亲身经历创作了许多长篇和短篇小说。他的小说《老人与海》讲述了一位老渔民与一条自己捕过的最大的鱼进行了三天艰苦卓绝搏斗的故事。这部小说于1953年获得普利策小说奖。海明威后来还荣获了诺贝尔文学奖。 　　相比而言，1859年出生于苏格兰的亚瑟·柯南·道尔，原先是一名医生，但他最大的志向却是成为一名历史小说作家。虽然他出版过一些历史小说，但与他虚构出来的侦探夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事相比，所取得的成功不可同日而语。直到现在，道尔最广为人知的作品仍是夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事。 　　有趣的是，一些早期的福尔摩斯故事是道尔在伦敦行医期间等候病人的时候创作的。在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了行医，全身心地投入创作。除了其他学术作品，他还是渴望自己能因历史小说而出名。然而，公众却对夏洛克·福尔摩斯的故事百读不厌。绝望之下，道尔在一部出版于1893年的小说中杀死了这位著名的侦探，以便专心创作他的“严肃”作品。然而，福尔摩斯迷们对此感到非常愤怒，这使得道尔在巨大压力之下，不得不让福尔摩斯起死回生。道尔的很多历史小说、戏剧、诗歌和学术论文几乎都被人遗忘了，但夏洛克·福尔摩斯却在一个多世纪以来一直吸引着读者。 　　虽然这两位作家最终都获得了成功，但他们的成功之路却截然不同，他们的未来也不一定完全如他们当初所计划的那样。因此，不管未来你会遇到怎样的坎坷和曲折，都应以这两位作者为榜样，做好应对意外的准备。正如著名的科技创新者史蒂夫·乔布斯所说：“你无法预见性地将生命中的点滴串联起来，只有在回头看时，你才会发现这些点滴之间的联系。所以你要坚信，你现在所经历的，将在你未来的生命中串联起来。” Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　in the face of　　面对，面临 2.　take action　　　采取行动 3.　in place　　　准备就绪；在正确位置，准备妥当 4.　in contrasting ways　　　以截然不同的方式 5.　by contrast　　　相比之下 6.　to this day　　　直到今天 7.　devote oneself to　　　致力于，献身于…… 8.　long to do sth　　　渴望做某事 9.　get enough of　　　受够了，厌倦 10.　in desperation　　　绝望；在走投无路的情况下 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.The next， our eyes are open and we 　find ourselves wondering or even worrying about　 possibly the most important issue of our lives — the future. 但下一刻，我们就睁开了双眼，发现自己在思考，甚至在担忧可能是人生中最重要的事情——未来。 2.　On leaving high school　， he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中一毕业，他进入堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。 核心词汇集释 1.in the face of 面对，面临 教材原句　In the face of such questions， how should we approach the future？ 面对这些疑问，我们应该如何迎接未来呢？ 【用法】 （1）face to face　 面对面 lose face　　丢脸 make a face　　做鬼脸 （2）be faced with 　　面临，面对 face up to 　　勇敢面对 face the music 　　承担后果，接受惩罚 【佳句】　The child was afraid that he would lose face among his peers if he cried， so he made a face to suppress his tears. 这个孩子担心如果在同龄人面前哭会丢脸，所以他做了个鬼脸来忍住眼泪。　（动作描写） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①She showed remarkable courage 　in　 the face of danger， remaining calm and composed. ②She was nervous to speak up face 　to　 face with her boss about the raise. ③　Faced　 （face） with two options， he didn’t know which one to choose. 【写美】　完成句子 ④是你勇敢面对自己责任的时候了，不要再责怪别人了。　（建议信） It’s time for you to 　face up to your responsibilities　 and stop blaming others. 2.devote oneself to 献身于，致力于…… 教材原句　After Sherlock Holmes made him a household name， Doyle gave up medicine and devoted himself entirely to writing. 在夏洛克·福尔摩斯让他变得家喻户晓后，道尔放弃了行医，全身心地投入创作。 【用法】 （1）devote ...to ...　把……用于/致力于……（to为介词） （2）devoted adj.　　忠实的；深爱的 be devoted to （doing） sth 　　致力于（做）某事 be devoted to sb 　　深爱着某人 （3）devotion n.　　关爱；关照；奉献；忠诚 devotion to 　　对……的关爱/投入/忠诚 【佳句】　Devote yourself to learning， and you will open the door to a world of knowledge and possibilities. 全身心投入学习，你将打开通往知识和无限可能世界的大门。　（建议信） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The scientist devotes most of his time to 　researching　 （research） new medicines. ②The dog is very 　devoted　 （devote） to its owner and follows him everywhere. ③His 　devotion　 （devote） to his work earned him respect from his colleagues. 【写美】　完成句子 ④玛丽·居里致力于科学研究，成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的女性。　（人物介绍） Marie Curie 　devoted herself to/was devoted to　 scientific research and became the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：on doing ... 一……就…… 教材原句　On leaving high school， he joined a local Kansas newspaper as a trainee reporter. 高中一毕业，他进入堪萨斯当地的一家报社做实习记者。 【用法】 表示“一……就……”的句型还有： （1）as soon as＋时间状语从句 （2）immediately/instantly/directly＋时间状语从句 （3）the second/instant/minute/moment＋时间状语从句 （4）hardly＋主句（过去完成时）＋when＋从句（一般过去时） （5）no sooner＋主句（过去完成时）＋than＋从句（一般过去时） 【点津】　hardly与no sooner置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。 【写美】　微写作/同义句转换 ①一看到美丽的日落，她立刻拿出相机捕捉这一瞬间。　（动作描写） On 　seeing the beautiful sunset　， she immediately took out her camera to capture the moment. ②As soon as she received the unexpected gift， her mouth dropped open in astonishment. →No sooner 　had she received the unexpected gift than　 her mouth dropped open in astonishment. →Hardly 　had she received the unexpected gift when　 her mouth dropped open in astonishment. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The young man’s 　ambition　 （追求） is to win a gold medal in the Olympics. 2.He dreams of becoming a famous 　detective　 （私家侦探） like Sherlock Holmes. 3.The newspaper sent a 　correspondent　 （通讯员） to cover the sports event. 4.The problem was very difficult， but we ultimately　 found a solution. 5.She looked backwards　 to see if anyone was following her. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.The school decided to 　take action　 （采取行动） to improve the students’ physical fitness by adding more sports courses. 2.　On opening the door　 （一打开门）， she was greeted by a lovely puppy. 3.I 　found my bike stolen　 （发现我的自行车被偷了） when I came out of the store. 维度一：品句填词 1.The experiences he had during his 　boyhood　 （少年时代） shaped his character and values in profound ways. 2.When making a comment on an event， we should not ignore its 　historical　 （历史的） background. 3.In Spain， 　bullfighting　 （斗牛） is a very popular form of entertainment. 4.The company provides comprehensive training for its 　trainees　 （实习生）， ensuring they are well-prepared for the workforce. 5.He has been working as a foreign 　correspondent　 （通讯员） for many years， covering stories all over the world. 6.A detective　 is a person whose job is to discover what has happened in a crime and catch criminals. 7.She took a few steps backwards　 to get a better view of the painting. 维度二：词形转换 1.He was too 　ambitious　 （ambition） to stay in his hometown to be a clerk in a big company. 2.With the majority of people opposed to the proposal， the government had to postpone it 　ultimately　 （ultimate）. 3.The law firm hired three promising 　trainees　 （train） fresh out of law school. 4.The new sofa is so large and soft that you can sit on it 　comfortably　 （comfortable） for hours. 5.My grandfather lives in an old house full of 　historical　 （history） charm. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.Although he had failed three times， he didn’t lose heart 　in the face of　 （面对） difficulties. 2.　By contrast　 （相比之下）， American English differs from British English in many small ways. 3.The book 　turns out　 （结果是） to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. 4.He 　devotes himself to/is devoted to　 （致力于） doing something he likes. 5.But why not wait around for the government to 　take action　 （采取行动）？ 6.　On seeing her mother　 （一看到她妈妈）， the little girl dropped her toy and rushed to her. 7.When Snow White woke up， she 　found herself lying in a small house　 （发现自己躺在一所小房子里）， surrounded by seven dwarfs. 8.　Whatever you like　 （无论你喜欢什么）， there is an incredible theme park that will appeal to you. 维度四：一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.issue A.n.问题　 B.n.一期　　C.v.发行，出版 ①The publishing house plans to issue a new book by the author next month.　　　C　 ②There are several environmental issues that need to be addressed globally.　　　A　 ③I subscribed to the magazine and received the latest issue yesterday.　　　B　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 2.All the people in this country long for freedom and equality.　　v.渴望　 3.The experience shaped him into a stronger person.　　v.塑造　 4.We need to approach this problem from a different angle.　　v.处理　 5.The new product is better than the old one in several respects.　　n.方面　 阅读理解 A 　　（2025·湖南湘西高二下期末） Juleus Ghunta is a published children’s author and award-winning poet.But growing up， he could barely read.Ghunta’s family lived in a rural part of Western Jamaica.His mother often had to make tough choices about how to use their limited resources， including a decision to send his oldest sister to school， and to keep Ghunta at home. 　　When Ghunta finally went to school， he couldn’t catch up on his reading skills.Not only had he been kept home from school as a child， but he had not been exposed to books.By the time he entered the sixth grade， he could spell his name， but he still couldn’t make out words， spell， or read with understanding. 　　When Ghunta was about 12， a young teacher decided to start a special reading program for struggling students.Ghunta was the first student to sign up.The teacher was incredibly kind to him.She did not ask anything of Ghunta， except that he worked hard and believed in himself. 　　Under her guidance， Ghunta’s reading skills finally started to improve.He started to feel more confident.“She had left me with the gift of literacy，” he said， “and with the value as a human being.” His life took a new direction.He graduated from elementary school with a number of academic awards， including one for “most improved in reading”.He went on to college.Today， he is the author of two children’s books， about overcoming difficult experiences in childhood.He’s now working on his first full-length collection of poetry. 　　“I would love her to see the significant impact that she has made on my life， and the ways in which I have carried this memory of her — the hope and the light — with me and how it continues to be a source of joy.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Juleus Ghunta的成长经历，特别是他从几乎无法阅读到成为儿童书籍作者和获奖诗人的转变过程，展现了个人奋斗和他人帮助对他人生路径的深刻影响。 1.What do we know about Ghunta’s family？（　　） A.The family lived a poor life. B.Their house sat in the urban area. C.His mother had no choice of resources. D.The family was supported by his parents. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后两句可知，Ghunta一家住在牙买加西部的农村地区，他的母亲常常要对有限的资源做出艰难的选择，比如决定送他的大姐上学而把Ghunta留在家里。由此可推断，Ghunta家生活贫困，资源有限。 2.Which word best describes Ghunta before meeting the young teacher？（　　） A.Lazy.　　 B.Impatient. C.Unconfident.　　 D.Careless. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段前两句可知，在老师的指导下，Ghunta的阅读技能开始提高，他才开始感到更自信。由此可推断，在遇到这位年轻老师之前，Ghunta是不自信的。 3.What can be inferred about the teacher’s impact on Ghunta’s life beyond literacy？（　　） A.She encouraged him to pursue a career in education. B.She helped him get a sense of self-worth and hope. C.She introduced him to the world of professional writing. D.She provided him with financial support for his education. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段第三句以及最后一段可知，老师不仅给了Ghunta识字的能力，还让他感受到了作为一个人的价值，并且老师带给他的希望和光明一直是他快乐的源泉。由此可推断，老师帮助Ghunta获得了自我价值感和希望。 4.What can be the best title for the text？（　　） A.Poor Students Finding Help B.A College Shaping Someone C.The Pain Brought by the Poor Life D.Life Led in a New Direction 解析：D　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了Ghunta在遇到老师之前阅读能力差，人生发展受限，而在老师的帮助下，他的阅读技能提升，变得自信，人生走向了新的方向。D项（人生走向新方向）适合作文章最佳标题。 B 　　（2025·河南开封高二下期末） Around seven out of every ten Americans who work in offices do their work in an open environment， defined as at desks without meaningful partitions （隔板）， according to an International Facility Management Association survey.That is， if they even have a desk — workers may be assigned only a few feet of a communal （共用的） table.The open-plan office space trend， popularized by creative agencies and technology start-ups， went mainstream because of the belief that open-space environments support innovation.More nearness between employees， the thinking went， would create more interaction and teamwork， promote social interaction and urge productivity. 　　But in fact， purely open-plan offices have been shown to have the opposite effects， creating so much distraction that employees stayed away from each other.A study funded by Harvard Business School， the results of which were published last year， tracked what happened when a British company moved its employees from traditional office space， with offices with walls， to an open office.Face-to-face interaction became less — employees spent 72 percent less time interacting with their colleagues.Instead of talking more with each other， the employees put on headphones and began communicating by text and email.As digital communication channels surged， productivity declined. 　　Neuroscience also holds some clues as to why the tight quarters in communal work spaces — where workers are only given about half the space they were given a decade ago — are so hard to work in.“The human voice sets off the most powerful emotional response in our auditory （听觉的） experience.Voice above 55 decibels （分贝） — roughly the sound of a loud phone call — causes measurable stress，” according to a Wall Street Journal article， “The Neuroscience-Optimized Office”.“Even more troublesome are overheard ‘halfversations’， in which the listener only knows about one side of a dialogue； our brains automatically imagine the other，” wrote authors John Medina and Ryan Mullenix. 　　But the solution， say experts including Newport， isn’t to go back to putting everyone into offices with walls. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了开放式办公室的流行趋势及其对员工工作效率和互动的影响。 5.What can we learn about the open office trend according to paragraph 1？（　　） A.It allows 10 people at most to work together. B.It is believed to stimulate workers’ creativity. C.It is only popular with new technology companies. D.It is aimed at promoting workers’ social interaction. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，开放式办公室的流行趋势源于人们相信它能激发员工的创造力。 6.What does the underlined word “surged” in paragraph 2 probably mean？（　　） A.Suspended timely.　 B.Became useless. C.Cost less.　　 D.Increased quickly. 解析：D　词义猜测题。根据第二段末句可知，随着数字通信渠道的增加（也就是人们更多地通过数字化方式如短信、邮件交流），生产力下降了。所以surged的意思是“快速增加”。 7.What makes an open office hard to work in？（　　） A.Hearing endless noisy phone calls. B.Showing real emotions publicly. C.Facing communication barriers at work. D.Hearing part of a dialogue between colleagues. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，开放式办公室难以工作的原因是听到同事之间对话的一部分，我们的大脑会自动想象出另一部分。 8.What will probably be discussed in the following paragraph？（　　） A.What are benefits of the open offices with walls. B.Why the open office makes workers distracted. C.How to deal with the disadvantages of the open office. D.How to draw workers’ attention to their colleagues nearby. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，专家提出的解决方案不是回到有墙的办公室那种形式，那么接下来很可能要讨论如何应对开放式办公室的缺点。 C 　　（2025·山东德州高二下期末） It’s one of the most common questions adults ask children： what do you want to be when you grow up？ Although childhood is supposed to be fun， kids also discuss important topics regarding their futures.Now， a new study finds that children who set big goals regarding their future status and education often set themselves up for success as they age. 　　The findings， published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology， are the first to reveal a connection between life goal development and future success in school or the workplace.Rodica Damian， an associate professor of psychology at the University of Houston， and other researchers discovered that as children grow up， their goals naturally begin to change.However， as some childhood goals fall away， other goals related to a family stay strong.These include being close to relatives， building more friendships or finding a romantic partner， and even becoming more involved in the community or helping others. 　　During the study， researchers compared how their goals evolved as children moved from adolescence to adulthood and how a person’s goals impacted their success in school and as an employee later on.Overall， a child’s goals focusing on their education and future status were the most consistent predictors of income in adulthood.Simply， when a child dreams big about doing well in school or achieving great success as an adult， these goals accurately paint a picture of how successful these children will be.So， the message is simple： dream big and dream of success， kids！ Those goals can drive you to success when you grow up！ 　　“Our work proves a strong connection between a child’s life goals， educational achievement， and future occupational outcomes.This information is valuable for parents and educators who can use it to encourage children to set ambitious goals.Additionally， it helps develop strategies to support individuals in achieving their goals and reaching their full potential，” Damian concludes. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。一项新的研究发现，那些在未来地位和教育方面设定远大目标的孩子，随着年龄的增长往往会为自己的成功做好准备，研究还揭示了人生目标发展与未来在学校或工作场所成功之间的联系。 9.What does the study mainly focus on？（　　） A.Why children change their dreams over time. B.Whether childhood goals relate to future success. C.How childhood education determines future career. D.What impact early experiences have on characters. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段末句以及第二段首句可知，这项研究主要关注的是儿童时期的目标是否与未来的成功有关。 10.Which of the following goals remains strong as children grow up？（　　） A.Connecting with others. B.Achieving academic success. C.Hunting for a high-salary job. D.Improving personal social status. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，随着孩子长大，与他人建立联系（如与亲人保持亲密、建立更多友谊、找浪漫伴侣、参与社区或帮助他人）这类与家庭相关的目标依然坚定。 11.What message does the author convey in paragraph 3？（　　） A.Future careers is determined by childhood achievements. B.Childhood ambition is potentially connected with success. C.Setting small goals is more beneficial than dreaming big. D.Adjusting goals can create new opportunities for success. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段第二、三句可知，孩子在教育和未来地位方面的目标是成年后收入的最一致预测因素，当孩子梦想在学校表现好或成年后取得巨大成功时，这些目标能准确描绘出他们未来的成功程度，即童年的抱负与成功有潜在联系。 12.What is the purpose of the last paragraph？（　　） A.To summarize learning strategies. B.To offer suggestions for future studies. C.To stress the significance of the study. D.To point out the limitations of the study. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Damian等人的工作证明了孩子的生活目标、教育成就和未来职业结果之间的强烈联系。这些信息对家长和教育者来说是有价值的，他们可以用它来鼓励孩子设定雄心勃勃的目标。此外，它有助于制定支持个人实现目标和发挥全部潜力的策略。由此推断，最后一段的目的是强调这项研究的重要性。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $