UNIT 6 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册教用课件（外研版）

该高中英语课件围绕“挑战者号”航天飞机语篇，涵盖Pre-reading预测、While-reading架构分析与细节理解、Post-reading思维拓展等环节，通过标题插图预测、分步骤语篇解构搭建学习支架，帮助学生掌握太空探索主题的语言知识与语篇逻辑。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，通过难句语法分析（如独立主格结构）、词汇用法拓展（如set foot on短语）提升语言运用能力，结合推断题（如灾难启示）与开放性问题（如太空探索意义）培养分析推断思维。多样化检测题助力巩固，既提升学生语言素养与思维深度，也为教师提供系统教学流程与实效练习资源。

Section Ⅰ　 Starting out & Understanding ideas 目 录 01 文本透析·剖语篇 02 篇章助解·释疑难 03 随堂检测·要过关 04 核心知识·巧突破 05 随堂检测·要过关 06 课时检测·提能力 文本透析·剖语篇 目 录 Pre-reading Look at the title of the passage and the picture.Predict what the passage is about. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ The passage is likely about the history and impact of space travel， particularly focusing on significant events such as the Apollo 11 Moon 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ landing and the Challenger space shuttle disaster.The picture might depict a space shuttle or a related space exploration scene， emphasizing the themes of human achievement， tragedy， and the ongoing quest for discovery in space. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 Read the passage quickly and fill in the blanks. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 Read the passage carefully and choose the best answers. 1. How did people feel when they watched the first Moon landing？ （　　） A. Excited but nervous. B. Nervous. C. Worried. D. Frightened. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 2. Why was the Challenger’s taking off special？（　　） A. Because people have lost wonder in it. B. Because it exploded shortly after it took off. C. Because many people tuned in to its take-off. D. Because an ordinary civilian was on board for the first time. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 3. What can we infer from the Challenger disaster？（　　） A. People should not lose interest in it. B. All seven astronauts lost their lives. C. Space travel is full of danger and we still have a lot to do. D. The space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 4. What does the Challenger’s sacrifice remind us？（　　） A. Man will live on the stars. B. Man will continue to explore space. C. The lives of astronauts are too important. D. Space exploration is too far away from us. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 第三步：析难句表达升级 自主翻译： ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得 心都提到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险 的任务，许多地方都可能出错。　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 自主翻译： ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ 执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员在一台计算机的 指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通学校的学生使用 的计算机功能强大。　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） Post-reading 第一步：拓思维品质提升 1. How do you understand the title “The Call of the Challenger”？ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ The disaster of the Challenger on 28 January 1986 cast a shadow on people’s hearts.Dangerous as it is， people never stop the pace of space exploration， and 29 September 1988 witnessed the successful launch of Discovery.The heroic deeds of the astronauts inspire us to go on with the exploration. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 2. Would you like to go into space？ Give your reasons. ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ ⁠ In my view， humans are intelligent creatures， and therefore have a natural tendency to explore the unknown.Through the exploration of the universe， we can better understand it， including its evolution， formation and so on.The evolution of the whole universe is a complete physical book， which is worth exploring and studying by human beings. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 第二步：课文语法填空 　　After Apollo 11 successfully 1. （land） on the Moon， people seemed to have become 2. （accustom） to the notion of space travel.So when the Challenger space shuttle was sent up 3. 28 January 1986，millions of people tuned in to witness its take-off on TV. It was so special because an ordinary teacher and mother was about 4. （become） the first civilian in space and planned to give two lessons from the orbit to rekindle students’ interest in the space programme.5. （tragic）， the shuttle ⁠ landed　 accustomed　 on　 to become　 Tragically　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） exploded just over a minute after 6. （it） taking off and all seven astronauts on board 7. ⁠ （kill）.The whole world were shocked at the 8. （lose） of it.As a result，space shuttle flights were suspended for nearly three years，9. manned flights never stopped.On 29 September 1988，the Discovery was successfully launched into space.In reality， humans have been trying to reach for the stars，10. distant they might seem. its　 were killed　 loss　 but　 however　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 篇章助解·释疑难 目 录 The Call of the Challenger [1]Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on① the Moon back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to② the notion③ of space travel.[2]Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of④ how arduous⑤ and hazardous⑥ an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong.With Armstrong’s now famous words “That’s one small step for man， one giant leap for mankind”， what had once been 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） considered impossible had now been achieved.Guided by a computer that was much less powerful than the ones used by today’s average⑦ school students， all three astronauts of the Apollo 11 mission made it safely back to Earth. 　　[1]本句中Ever since引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，主 句用现在完成时。 [2]本句中their hearts in their mouths为独立主格结构作状语；第 三个and连接aware of后的并列宾语，前一部分为how引导的宾语从 句，后一部分中the many things为介词of的宾语，that could go wrong 为定语从句。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） ①set foot on踏上，登上 ②become accustomed to 习惯于（做）某事 ③notion n.概念；观点；看法 ④（be） aware of意识到，明白 ⑤arduous adj.艰难的；艰苦的 ⑥hazardous adj.危险的，不安全的 ⑦average adj.普通的，一般的 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） Following the Moon landings， space travel rapidly became unexceptional⑧ to the public， as innovations succeeded each other.[3]  By the early 1980s， the great rockets previously used in the American space programme had been replaced by the space shuttle.When the Challenger space shuttle took off⑨ on 28 January 1986， the world seemed to have lost its wonder at the amazing achievements of the astronauts involved.But this was going to be no ordinary excursion， and millions of people tuned in⑩ to witness the take-off on TV. It was special because Christa McAuliffe aged 37， an ordinary teacher and mother， 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） was about to become⑪ the first civilian in space.She planned to give two 15-minute lessons from orbit： the first to demonstrate⑫ the controls of the spacecraft and explain how gravity worked， and the second to describe the objectives⑬ of the Challenger programme.Christa hoped to communicate a sense of⑭ excitement and rekindle interest in the space programme.With the eyes of students across the nation upon her， she might have inspired an entirely new generation of astronauts and space scientists. 　　[3]By后跟表示过去的时间状语，句子的谓语用过去完成时。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） ⑧unexceptional adj.平常的 ⑨take off 起飞 ⑩tune in 收听，收看 ⑪be about to do sth打算做某事 ⑫demonstrate v.示范，演示 ⑬objective n.目标，目的 ⑭a sense of 一种……感 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） Tragically⑮， she never returned to her classroom as the shuttle exploded⑯ just over a minute after taking off in Florida， and all seven astronauts on board⑰ were killed.The world went into shock， most people having assumed⑱ that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane.How wrong they had been！ Instantaneously⑲， excitement and optimism turned into terror and failure.It was the most disastrous space accident ever， and it cast a shadow⑳ on people’s hearts. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） “I can remember that day so clearly， watching the take-off on TV at school，” said one student.“There was an ordinary teacher on the Challenger， and we were all very excited.We didn’t have much patience waiting for the launch.We had seen the smiling faces of the astronauts waving to the world as they stepped into the shuttle.Then， little more than a minute after take-off， we saw a strange red and orange light in the sky， followed by a cloud of white smoke.The Challenger had exploded in mid-air and we all started screaming㉑.” 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 　　[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster， space shuttle flights were suspended㉒ for nearly three years while the cause of the disaster was investigated㉓， and some of the shuttle’s components㉔ were redesigned㉕.But there was never any doubt that manned flights would continue， and on 29 September 1988， the space shuttle programme resumed㉖ with the successful launch of Discovery. It has now been over 30 years since the loss of Challenger and although the lives of its crew㉗ were cut tragically short， they take their place alongside the other heroes of space exploration， such as Gagarin， 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） Tereshkova， Armstrong and Yang Liwei.The memory of those seven will live forever， written in the stars， inspiring us to join them in humanity’s greatest journey of exploration and discovery.[5]  The sacrifice㉘ of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， no matter how distant they might seem. 　　[4]Following the shock of the Challenger disaster为动词-ing形式作 状语；and为并列连词，连接并列的时间状语从句。 [5]The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us为句子主干； reminding ...为动词-ing形式作状语，其中that引导宾语从句；no matter how引导让步状语从句。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） ⑮tragically adv.悲惨地，不幸地 ⑯explode v.爆炸 ⑰on board 在飞机（火车、船）上 ⑱assume v.认为 ⑲instantaneously adv.瞬间地 ⑳shadow n.坏影响，阴影 cast a shadow on 给……蒙上阴影 ㉑scream v.（因疼痛、惊恐、兴奋等）尖声大叫 ㉒suspend v.暂停，中止 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） ㉓investigate v.调查 ㉔component n.部件，组成部分 ㉕redesign v.重新设计 ㉖resume v.重新开始 ㉗crew n.（飞机上的）全体机组人员 ㉘sacrifice n.牺牲 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 参考译文 “挑战者”号的呼唤 自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯 于太空旅行这个概念。数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为 此激动得心都提到了嗓子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、 多么危险的任务，许多地方都可能出错。伴随着阿姆斯特朗说出那句 名言——“这是个人的一小步，却是人类的一大步”，曾被认为是不 可能的事情如今已经实现了。执行“阿波罗11”号任务的三位宇航员 在一台计算机的指导下都安全返回地球，这台计算机远不如当今普通 学校的学生使用的计算机功能强大。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 登月后，随着新事物接连出现，宇宙航行迅速成为公众眼中 的寻常之事。20世纪 80 年代早期，美国太空计划中使用的大型火 箭已被航天飞机所代替。当“挑战者”号航天飞机于 1986 年 1月 28日发射时，对于宇航员所获得的令人惊叹的成就，全世界似乎 已经失去了新鲜感。然而这将不是一次普通的航行，数百万人打 开电视，共同见证这次发射。这次航行的特殊之处在于一位37岁 名为克丽斯塔·麦考利夫的普通教师兼母亲将会成为第一位到访太 空的普通公民。她计划在“挑战者”号沿轨道运行时讲两节课， 每节15分钟。第一节课要展示航天器的操控装置，并解释一下引 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 力是如何发挥作用的；第二节课要讲述“挑战者”号太空计划的目的。克丽斯塔希望借此传达她的激动之情，重新燃起人们对太空计划的兴趣。当全国学生的目光都聚集在她身上时，她或许能激发他们成为新一代宇航员和太空科学家的理想。 令人悲痛的是，她再也没能回到她的课堂。航天飞机在佛罗里 达州发射仅一分多钟后就发生了爆炸，机上七名宇航员全部牺牲。全 世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更加 危险，但是所有人都大错特错了！激动和乐观瞬间化为恐惧和挫败， 这是有史以来最惨烈的航天事故，给人们心里蒙上了阴影。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 　　一个学生回忆道：“我非常清楚地记得那天，我在学校通过电视 观看发射场景。有位普通教师在‘挑战者’号上，我们都非常激动， 迫不及待地等着发射。我们看到宇航员笑容满面，向世界挥手致意， 步入航天飞机。然后，发射仅仅一分多钟后，我们就看到空中奇异的 红色和橙色的光芒，紧接着是一大团白烟。‘挑战者’号在半空中爆 炸了，我们都开始尖叫。” “挑战者”号令人震惊的灾难发生后，航天飞机航行中止了近 三年时间，同时调查事故原因，重新设计飞行器的部分零件。但是毫 无疑问，载人飞行绝不会就此停止。1988年9月29日，随着“发现” 号的成功发射，航天飞机项目重新启动。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） “挑战者”号失事至今已有30 多年了。虽然“挑战者”号的 机组人员英年早逝，但他们与加加林、捷列什科娃、阿姆斯特朗 和杨利伟等进行太空探索的英雄们一道，都在历史上占有一席之 地。他们七位的事迹将永存于世，书写在漫天星辰中，激励我们 加入他们，共同致力于人类最伟大的探索发现之旅。“挑战者” 号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不可及， 我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 随堂检测·要过关 目 录 Ⅰ.词块默写 1. 　登月 2. 　一个巨大的飞跃 3. 　彼此成功 4. 　失去好奇心 5. 　陷入震惊 6. 　传达激动之情 7. 　取代某人的位置，占有一席之地 set foot on the Moon　 one giant leap　 succeed each other　 lose one’s wonder　 go into shock　 communicate a sense of excitement　 take one’s place　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 8. 　一项惊人的成就 9. 　调查……的原因 10. 　载人飞行 investigate the cause of ...　 manned flights　 an amazing achievement　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1. Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， ， aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong. 数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都提到了嗓 子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多 地方都可能出错。 their hearts in their mouths　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 2. had now been achieved. ……曾被认为是不可能的事情如今已经实现了。 3. The sacrifice of the Challenger calls to us， reminding us that we must continue to reach for the stars， ⁠ ⁠. “挑战者”号的牺牲召唤着、提醒着我们，不管星空看起来多么遥不 可及，我们都要持之以恒地去探索。 ...what had once been considered impossible　 no matter how distant they might seem　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 核心知识·巧突破 目 录 核心词汇集释 1. set foot on 踏上，登上 教材原句　Ever since Neil Armstrong first set foot on the Moon back on 20 July 1969， people have become accustomed to the notion of space travel. 自从1969年7月20日尼尔·阿姆斯特朗首次登月以来，人们已习惯于太 空旅行这个概念。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【用法】 set out （to do sth）　　出发；开始（做某事） set up　　创立，设立 set down　　写下，记下 set about （doing） sth　　开始（做）某事，着手（做）某事 set aside　　把……放到一边；省出，留出（钱或时间） 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【佳句】　As soon as I set foot on the land， I was deeply impressed with its scenery — towering mountains， winding rivers and golden fields. 一踏上这片土地，我就被它的景色深深吸引了——高耸的山脉，蜿蜒 的河流，还有金色的田野。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Let’s set 1％ of our pocket money monthly to help children in remote areas. ②Three days after he set on his journey， he set foot a lonely island， and began to set in his notebook what he had seen and heard there. aside　 out　 on　 down　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【写美】　一句多译 ③这个俱乐部上个月开始组织志愿者活动。 →The club volunteer activities last month. →The club volunteer activities last month. set about organizing　 set out to organize　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 2. become accustomed to 习惯于（做）某事 （1）accustom v.　　　　使习惯（于）；使适应 accustom oneself/sb to sth　使某人习惯于 （2）accustomed adj.　　习惯于；通常的 be/get/become accustomed to doing sth　　习惯于做某事 【用法】 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【佳句】　Having worked as a volunteer， I’ve become accustomed to communicating with people from different backgrounds. 通过志愿者工作，我已习惯与不同背景的人交流。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He took his （accustom） seat by the fire and lit a cigarette. accustomed　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【写美】　一句多译 ②我习惯住在乡村，总觉得生活在城市很难。 →I ， and I always find it hard to live in the city.（普通表达） → ， I always find it hard to live in the city.（过去分词短语作状语） → ， I always find it hard to live in the city.（动词-ing短语作状语） am accustomed to living in the countryside　 Accustomed to living in the countryside　 Accustoming myself to living in the countryside　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 3. involve vt.包括；涉及；使参加 （1）involve sb in （doing） sth　使某人参与（做）某事；使某人牵 扯到某事中 involve doing sth 包括做某事；需要做某事 （2）involved adj.　　复杂的；有牵连的；有关的 get/be involved in　　被卷入……之中；热衷于；专心于 be/get involved with sb/sth　与某人混在一起/和某事有密切联系 （3）involvement n.　　参与；加入；插手 【用法】 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【佳句】　I heard that this summer camp involves doing outdoor activities.Could you tell me more details about them？ 我听说这个夏令营包括进行户外活动。你能告诉我关于它们的更多细 节吗？　（咨询信） 【点津】　involved是形容词，作前置定语时，意为“复杂的”；作 后置定语时，意为“涉及的”。例如：an involved sentence一个复杂 的句子；the people involved所涉及的人。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①How can I involve my classmates preparing for the coming school festival？ Could you give me some suggestions？ ②I’ve got （involve） in the school’s debate club recently， and it has greatly improved my public speaking skills. ③The article focuses on the importance of teenagers’ ⁠ （involve） in environmental protection. in　 involved　 involvement　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【写美】　语段填空 ④Mr Brown found a job as a senior school teacher which ⁠ spending quite a lot of time with students.Sadly， a serious accident a group of youths happened to him. ⁠ in the car accident， he had no choice but to stay and wait for the policeman.（involve） involves　 involving　 Involved　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 4. assume v.假定，设想；认为；承担，担任；呈现 教材原句　The world went into shock， most people having assumed that this space flight would be no more dangerous than travelling in an aeroplane. 全世界都震惊了！大多数人本以为这次太空航行不会比乘飞机旅行更 加危险。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【用法】 （1）assume that　　　　　假定，认为…… assume ...to be ...　　认为/假定……是…… It is assumed that ...　　人们认为…… assume responsible for　　承担……的责任 （2）assuming （that）　　假定……（作状语） （3）assumption n.　　假定 on the assumption that　　假定…… make assumptions about　　设想…… 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【佳句】　His face assumed a sort of dreamy expression. 他的脸上现出一种神情恍惚的表情。　（神态描写） 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I made the （assume） that he was coming， so I was surprised when he didn’t show up. ②It （assume） that global warming and climate change could cause even more disasters in the future. assumption　 is assumed　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【写美】　完成句子 ③我认为这个职位具有挑战性，这正是我申请的原因。　（求助信） I ， which is exactly why I applied for it. assumed the position to be challenging　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 5. remind sb that ... 使某人想起…… （1）remind sb of （doing） sth　提醒某人（做过）某事，使想起 （类似的人、地方或事物） remind sb to do sth　　提醒某人要做某事 remind sb that ...　　提醒某人…… （2）reminder n.　　引起回忆的事物 reminder of 　　……的提醒 【用法】 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【佳句】　Mrs Welland reminded her son that they still had several people to see. 韦兰太太提醒儿子，他们还有几个人要拜访。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①This photo album serves as a （remind） of the most important moments of my life. ②As I served as a vital communication link， I was reminded my desperate struggle to converse before I learned English. reminder　 of　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【写美】　完成句子 ③这款应用提醒用户每30分钟休息一次，以保护视力。　（推荐信） The app every 30 minutes to protect their eyesight. reminds users to take breaks　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 重点句型解构 ◇句型公式：独立主格结构作状语 教材原句　Millions watched that first lunar landing on black and white television sets， their hearts in their mouths， aware of how arduous and hazardous an undertaking it was， and of the many things that could go wrong. 数百万人在黑白电视机前观看了首次登月，为此激动得心都提到了嗓 子眼儿，因为大家都明白这是一项多么艰难、多么危险的任务，许多 地方都可能出错。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【用法】 句中their hearts in their mouths 为独立主格结构，在句中作状语。 独立主格的常见结构有： （1）名词（代词）＋动词-ing形式 （2）名词（代词）＋过去分词 （3）名词（代词）＋动词不定式 （4）名词（代词）＋介词短语 （5）名词（代词）＋形容词或副词 （6）There being＋名词（代词） （7）It being＋名词（代词） 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 【佳句】　He was waiting， his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。 【写美】　微写作 ①卡特摔倒在地上，痛苦地尖叫着，眼睛睁得大大的，脸上带着惊恐 的表情。　（神态描写） Carter fell onto the ground， screaming in pain， ⁠ and a look of panic on his face. his eyes wide open　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） ③一切安排妥当，他们的爸爸离开厨房，答应保密。 ， their father left the kitchen， promising to keep their secret. Everything settled　 ②皓月当空，我们围坐在一起吃着月饼。 ， we gather around， eating the mooncakes. The moon shining brightly in the sky　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 随堂检测·要过关 目 录 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1. To our disappointment， the match had just begun when it rained cats and dogs， and then the match was （暂停）. 2. The engine of the ship was out of order and the bad weather added to the helplessness of the （全体人员） at sea. 3. If your pets do something you disagree with， don’t physically hurt them or （尖叫） at them. suspended　 crew　 scream　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 4. Since he moved to the countryside， Michael has lived an u and leisure life. 5. He stood quietly in the middle of the room and the light from the candle threw his s on the walls. nexceptional　 hadow　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） Ⅱ.补全句子 1. The month passing rapidly， soon I ⁠ （习惯了在这家一流医院工作）. 2. No matter what you like to do， there is a way to ⁠ （参与各种各样的活动） on Earth Day. 3. His mother listened attentively to the children， ⁠ （她双眸满是兴奋和感激）. got accustomed to working at the leading hospital　 get involved in various activities　 her eyes filled with excitement and gratitude　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 课时检测·提能力 目 录 维度一：品句填词 1. In view of the security， it is necessary that all the （全体机 组人员） should carry a first aid kit each. 2. We’ll try our best to help the children get out of the （阴 影） caused by the earthquake. 3. To their disappointment， the basketball match was ⁠ （中止） because of the power failure. crew　 shadow　 suspended　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 4. Upon hearing the fire alarm， the people in the building were panicked and s ⁠. 5. Some people have the wrong n that one can get infected with AIDS by giving blood. creamed　 otion　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 维度二：词形转换 1. Based on the （assume） that all students had read the materials in advance， the teacher started the class with a challenging discussion. 2. The old man told the story of his lost family ⁠ （tragic）， his eyes filled with sorrow. 3. The painting on display was （exceptional） compared to the masterpieces in the museum， failing to catch visitors’ attention. assumption　 tragically　 unexceptional　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 4. Driving at high speed in heavy fog is a （hazard） activity that may lead to serious accidents. 5. The school allows a partial （suspend） of its rules on the last day of term. hazardous　 suspension　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1. As soon as she （踏上） the campus of her dream university， she felt a sense of pride and excitement welling up inside. 2. To stay informed about the latest sports events， sports fans ⁠ （收听） to the sports channel early every morning. 3. When the spaceship （起飞）， the ground trembled beneath people’s feet， and everyone held their breath， witnessing this historic moment. set foot on　 tune in　 took off　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 4. The judgement （蒙上阴影） his future， so he felt angry and decided to appeal to a higher court. 5. （若全面考虑）， her suggestion is of greater value than yours. 6. （无论多么遥远） apart we are， my thoughts always find their way back to you. 7. （毫无疑问） this candidate’s advantage lies in his ability to communicate with foreigners in English. 8. It will not be long before you （习惯于……） driving on the left side of the road in Britain. cast a shadow on　 All considered/All things considered　 No matter how far　 There is no doubt that　 get accustomed to　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 维度四：一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1. shuttle A. n.航天飞机 B. n.往来于两地之间的航班（或班车、火车） C. v.往返运送 ①The space shuttle had been scheduled to blast off at 4：38 am.　 ⁠ A　 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） ⁠ ②A bus shuttles passengers back and forth from the station to the terminal.　 ⁠ ③A shuttle bus runs frequently between the university and the town center.　 ⁠ C　 B　 2. Behind us is the spaceship， half in the sunlight and half in deep shadow.　 ⁠ 3. Hiring a professional photography crew， Jay and Hannah toured Europe to take their wedding photos in October.　 ⁠ n.阴暗处　 n.专业团队　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 阅读理解 A 　　（2025·辽宁高二下期末） The idea of turning Mars into a livable world for humans is a common element of science fiction.But could such an action be done in real life？ 　　There are many issues that need to be solved before humans can successfully live on Mars.They include a lack of breathable oxygen， harmful ultraviolet （紫外线） radiation， salty soil， and dust storms 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） that sometimes cover much of the planet.And the average Martian surface temperature is about minus （零下） 65 ℃.With its thin atmosphere， solar heat on the Martian surface easily escapes into space. 　　Scientists are now proposing a new method to warm up Mars.The idea involves putting engineered particles made of iron or aluminum （铝） into the atmosphere at a rate of about 30 liters per second for years.The goal is to trap escaping heat and direct sunlight towards the Martian surface.The proposal would aim to permit liquid water to exist on the surface of Mars， which has water in the form of ice at its polar areas and its subsurface. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 　　The proposed idea would be to increase the natural greenhouse effect on Mars and raise its surface temperature by around 28 ℃ over ten years.Such a change alone would not make Mars livable for people.But the scientists see it as a possible first step. 　　Scientist Kite described the process of changing a planet’s environment to be more like Earth.“For Mars， warming the planet is necessary， but not enough， first step.Previous concepts have focused on releasing greenhouse gases， but these require large amounts of resources that are rare on Mars，” he said.Kite added that climate modeling suggests the new idea of using engineered particles to warm 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） Mars’ atmosphere could work better than previous ideas and that the work is important because it presents a possible method that could help future exploration plans. 　　Kite suggested that the costs and benefits of releasing particles are uncertain.For example， he said if Mars’ soil has compounds that are harmful to life from Earth， then the benefit of warming Mars is zero. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家提出的一 种帮火星升温的新方法——通过向火星大气中释放工程粒子来提高 火星的表面温度，使其更适合人类居住。 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家提出的一 种帮火星升温的新方法——通过向火星大气中释放工程粒子来提高 火星的表面温度，使其更适合人类居住。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 1. What’s the function of the question mentioned in paragraph 1？ （　　） A. To prove the untruth of sci-fi. B. To expect readers’ clear answers. C. To express people’s strong doubts. D. To introduce the theme of the text. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第一段、第二段末句和第三段首句可 知，作者在第一段提出问题是为了引出本文的主题，即科学家们现在 提出了一种使火星变暖的新方法。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 2. What does the author intend to explain in paragraph 2？（　　） A. The challenges for human settling on Mars. B. The variety of natural environments on Mars. C. The possibility of solid ice existence on Mars. D. The reason for the year-long darkness on Mars. 解析：　段落大意题。根据第二段可知，在火星上建立人类定居点 要面临多种挑战：缺乏可呼吸的氧气、有害的紫外线辐射、盐碱土壤 和尘暴等。而这些问题都是人类在火星上生存必须要解决的实际困 难。由此推断，本段主要阐述了人类在火星上定居面临的各种挑战。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 3. What does Kite’s words about the new idea convey？（　　） A. It’s perfect. B. It’s practical. C. It’s dangerous. D. It’s traditional. 解析：　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段末句可知，Kite认为这个新 想法比之前的想法更好，且为未来探索计划提供了一种可能性。由此 推知，Kite认为这个新想法是切实可行的。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 4. What’s the best title for the text？（　　） A. Scientists Help People Move to Mars B. Scientists Make Mars a Second Home C. Scientists Propose an Idea to Warm Mars D. Scientists Change the Atmosphere of Mars 解析：　标题归纳题。通读全文，尤其是第三段可知，本文主要介 绍了科学家提出的一种帮火星升温的新方法——通过向火星大气中释 放工程粒子来提高火星的表面温度，使其更适合人类居住。因此，C 项（科学家提出了一个温暖火星的想法）为文章最佳标题。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） B 　　（2025·重庆高二下期末） When Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft docked with the International Space Station （ISS） earlier this year， the two NASA astronauts on board discovered several minor faults in its propulsion system， leading to a much longer than expected stay on the ISS. This led to headlines about the astronauts being “stranded （滞 留）” in space and a renewed interest in the subject of space rescue. 　　Astronauts normally leave the ISS in the same vehicle they arrived in — and that’s as true in the case of an emergency evacuation （疏散） 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） as a routine departure.So any problem with the spacecraft — even a relatively minor one — is a potential worry.If the problem is considered to put the astronauts’ lives at risk， then a replacement spacecraft will be sent up. 　　The key to any kind of in-space rescue is the ability to connect two spacecraft together so astronauts can transfer quickly and safely from one to the other.This process is referred to as docking， and in principle can apply to uncrewed vessels as well as crewed （载人的） ones.However， when an uncrewed vehicle is involved， the procedure is more often referred to as “berthing” rather than docking.The difference is that a 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） crewed spacecraft actively flies in and couples to the ISS， while an uncrewed one is grabbed by a robotic arm operated by an astronaut on board the station and then gently pulled in and attached to one of the external ports. 　　In those early days， the Soviets and Americans developed their own systems for docking， but they soon realized that agreeing on an international standard would make future space rescues much more practical.In 2010 the ISS member states — Russia， the United States， Japan， Canada and the European Space Agency （ESA） — formally agreed on an International Docking System Standard （IDSS）. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 　　This will apply to all future docking systems， and also covers berthing mechanisms.In docking mode， one vehicle — typically the visiting spacecraft， such as the Soyuz or Crew Dragon — takes an active role， while the other， usually the ISS itself， remains passive.Docking then proceeds in two phases， the first called “soft capture” and the second “hard capture”.Only after the second phase is complete are the two vehicles firmly locked together and it’s safe for the crew to transfer from one to the other. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从波音公司的“星际客机”出 现故障导致两名宇航员在空间站长期滞留这一事件引入，探讨了 “太空救援”的问题。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章从波音公司的“星际客机”出 现故障导致两名宇航员在空间站长期滞留这一事件引入，探讨了 “太空救援”的问题。 5. Why is Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft mentioned in paragraph 1？ （　　） A. To analyze the cause of space rescue. B. To stress the significance of space rescue. C. To suggest another strategy of space rescue. D. To introduce more knowledge about space rescue. √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 解析：　推理判断题。文章第二至末段介绍了更多关于太空救援的 知识，因此可知，作者在第一段中提到Boeing’s new Starliner spacecraft是为了引出“太空救援”这一话题，作者再就此对救援模式 进行更加详细的解释。 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 6. What’s the difference between docking and berthing？（　　） A. Docking is the earlier stage before berthing. B. Docking is safer than berthing in an evacuation. C. Docking is relatively active but berthing passive. D. Berthing isn’t completed in the ISS like docking. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第三段末句可知，docking指载人飞船会 主动飞入国际空间站进行对接，而berthing指无人宇宙飞船由机械臂 抓入国际空间站停泊在固定地方，这个过程是被动进入，所以对接 docking相对属于主动，而停泊berthing属于被动。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 7. What’s the purpose for some countries to set International Docking System Standard？（　　） A. Advance docking remarkably and rapidly. B. Make docking consistently and effectively. C. Research docking systematically and completely. D. Avoid member states’ faults totally and accurately. 解析：　细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，在各个国家自行研究 航空航天技术的情况下达成统一的标准，会使对接持续高效进行。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 8. What does “hard capture” in the last paragraph mean？（　　） A. A crewed spacecraft actively flies into the ISS. B. The ISS itself usually remains passive when docking. C. An uncrewed spacecraft is pulled passively to the ISS. D. The two spacecraft connect together securely and strongly. 解析：　推理判断题。根据最后一段所描述的先后顺序可推知，soft capture是指飞船进入国际空间站的过程，而hard capture是指最后实现 安全、牢固对接的过程。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） C 　　（2025·云南大理高二下期末） Researchers concerned with space exploration say they have discovered new evidence that Mars once had a large northern ocean.The discovery adds to existing evidence that the ancient Mars had the right conditions to possibly support some form of life. 　　Today， any water on Mars is believed to be in the form of ice because of the planet’s extremely cold desert temperatures.But there is a rich amount of evidence suggesting that rivers， lakes and even oceans 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） once existed on Mars.A study by the American space agency NASA suggested that billions of years ago， Mars likely had an ocean that covered nearly half of Mars’ northern hemisphere （半球）.Another NASA-supported study estimated that about several billion years ago， the climate in much of the planet’s northern hemisphere was very similar to today’s Earth.The study noted that at that time， Mars likely had a much thicker atmosphere than today and had an active northern ocean. 　　Two American researchers recently released a set of maps to provide new environmental evidence of a large ancient ocean on Mars’ low-lying 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） northern hemisphere.The team collected data from satellite images and photos of Mars.They then combined them to create maps of the planet’s northern hemisphere.Using the maps， the researchers were able to piece together evidence of shorelines that sat at the edge of a huge body of water about 3.5 billion years ago. 　　The researchers published their findings in the Journal of Geophysical Research： Planets.Benjamin Cardenas， a professor at The Penn State University， was a co-writer of the study.He said the study’s findings showed the possible ocean in that area of Mars was changeable and 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） interesting.“It was dynamic （动态的）.The sea level rose significantly，” he said.“Rocks were being deposited （沉积） along its basins at a fast rate.There was a lot of change happening here.” Besides， Cardenas suggested the new study also provided useful information on Mars’ ancient climate and developmental history. “Based on these findings， we know there had to have been a period when it was warm enough and the atmosphere was thick enough to support this much liquid water at one time，” he said. 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现了新的证据，表明火 星上曾经存在一个大型北部海洋。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现了新的证据，表明火 星上曾经存在一个大型北部海洋。 9. How does the author develop paragraph 2？（　　） A. By giving examples. B. By listing data. C. By making assumptions. D. By making comparisons. 解析：　推理判断题。根据第二段可知，本段列举了NASA关于火 星的两项研究，因此第二段是通过举例子的方式来展开的。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 10. What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the researchers？ （　　） A. Where they created maps. B. When they landed on Mars. C. Why they studied satellites. D. How they found the evidence. 解析：　段落大意题。根据第三段可知，本段主要介绍了两位美国 研究人员如何寻找有关火星上存在远古海洋的证据。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 11. What can we learn about Mars according to the new study？（　　） A. It must have been always warm. B. It might have had an active ocean. C. The climate and sea level were unchangeable. D. The atmosphere was too thin to support water. 解析：　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的He said the study’s findings ...lot of change happening here.，尤其是关键词changeable和 dynamic可知，新研究表明远古时期的火星上可能存在活跃的海洋。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） 12. Where is the text most probably taken from？（　　） A. A photography book. B. An entertainment magazine. C. A scientific journal. D. An agricultural newspaper. 解析：　推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段可知，本文介绍了 一个新发现：远古的火星上可能存在一片巨大的海洋，故本文最有可 能来自一本科学杂志。 √ 目 录 英语·选择性必修第四册（WY） $