UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（外研版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语书信体裁的理解与分析，系统梳理从预读预测（如“Who is asking for help”等问题），到读中架构分析、细节理解、难句解构（如原因状语从句、宾语从句），再到读后思维拓展（如谚语“Loose lips sink ships”解读）、语法填空及词汇巩固（如“let off steam”“point guard”等词块）的完整学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养。通过“析架构理清脉络”提升语篇分析能力，“拓思维品质提升”引导学生批判性理解谚语，核心词汇集释和重点句型解构助力学习策略掌握。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后语法填空、词块默写等设计帮助学生查漏补缺，巩固知识。

Section Ⅰ　Starting out & Understanding ideas Pre-reading Look at the title and the pictures on pages 2－4 in the textbook.Answer the following questions. 1.Who is asking for help？ 　Ben　 2.Who does he turn to for help？ 　Agony Aunt　 3.What are the types of the two letters？ （help/advice） Letter 1： Letter for 　help　. Letter 2： Letter for 　advice　. While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.What problem caused Ben to write a letter for help？（　　） A.He was caught in an awkward situation after a basketball match. B.His best friend let out Ben’s secret to others. C.Ben’s basketball team lost an important match. D.Ben had bad academic performance at school. 2.What does the word “loose” mean in the sentence “Loose lips sink ships.” of the second letter？ （　　） A.Free. B.Not exact. C.Not strictly controlled. D.Not firmly fastened. 3.What does Agony Aunt think of Ben’s behaviour？（　　） A.Favorable.　 B.Opposed. C.Understandable.　 D.Admirable. 4.What is the most important according to Agony Aunt？（　　） A.Knowing yourself clearly first. B.Making a clear communication. C.Saying your mind clearly in anger. D.Giving other people a correct signal. 5.What is the main purpose of the second letter？ （　　） A.To introduce how to repair friendship. B.To propose the column Agony Aunt. C.To give suggestions to Ben. D.To present some ways to resolve conflicts. 答案：1－5　ACCAC 第三步：析难句表达升级 1.I was just letting off steam really， because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else what I’d said. 句式分析：because I was so angry为because引导的　原因状语　从句，what I’d said为what引导的　宾语　从句。 自主翻译：　我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。　 2.If you ever want to win any more basketball games （and I’m sure you do！），you need to work together， and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts. 句式分析：If you ever want to win any more basketball games为if引导的　条件状语　从句，communicating with each other clearly and resolving conflicts是and连接的两个动词-ing短语，作动词means的　宾语　。 自主翻译：　如果你们以后篮球比赛还想赢球（我肯定你们一定想赢！），你们就必须团结合作，这就意味着你们彼此之间必须沟通清楚，解决矛盾。　 3.Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 句式分析：Filled with anger为过去分词短语作　原因状语　，whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的　宾语　从句。 自主翻译：　满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。　 Post-reading 第一步：拓思维品质提升 What’s your understanding of the saying “Loose lips sink ships.”？ 　If one speaks carelessly about private or sensitive information， someone could hear and use it to damage or ruin something important.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　Ben， 17， is a member of the school basketball team.He is crazy 1.　about　 basketball and pretty good at it， but his team 2.　lost　 （lose） the last match.In Ben’s opinion， the point guard was 3.　to blame　 （blame）.4.　Disappointed　 （disappoint） by his behaviour， Ben told this to his best friend.However， his best friend told everyone else 5.　what　 he’d said.Ben didn’t know what to do， so he asked Agony Aunt for help. 　　As far as Agony Aunt 6.　is concerned　 （concern）， it is mainly his friend’s loose lips that make the situation worse.But it’s 7.　partly　 （part） Ben’s fault.She suggests that Ben should apologise to his teammate first.Secondly， Ben should talk to his friend and tell him that he is angry with him for 8.　repeating　 （repeat） what he said and making the situation worse， 9.　but　 that he wants to move on.Thirdly， Ben should think about his own behaviour and always remember：think first， speak later.If he feels one of his teammates isn’t pulling their 10.　weight　 （weigh）， then he should raise his concerns in a professional way with his team coach. Absolute agony！ 　　Our Agony Aunt answers your questions. Dear Agony Aunt， 　　I’m in a total mess① here — [1]hope you can help me out②！ 　　[1]本句是祈使句。 　　I’m 17， and a member of our school basketball team.I’m crazy about③basketball， and pretty good at④it too， [2]which is probably why I was so mad when we lost our last match.We played well， but I felt the team were let down⑤ by one member， our point guard.The point guard is a key player， but it was like⑥ he wasn’t even on the court⑦！[3]Disappointed by his behaviour， I said all this to my best friend.I was just letting off steam⑧ really， [4]because I was so angry， but then my friend went and told everyone else [5]what I’d said. 　　[2]which 引导非限制性定语从句，补充说明前面的句子；该从句中why引导表语从句，when引导时间状语从句。 　　[3]过去分词短语作原因状语。 　　[4]because 引导原因状语从句。 　　[5]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语。 　　This is so totally awkward.I’m really angry with⑨ my friend — what should I say to him？And should I say anything at all to my teammate？ 　　Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on⑩ anything.Please help！ Ben Dear Ben， 　　There is an old American saying⑪，“Loose lips sink ships⑫.” This means [6]that if you speak too much about something， especially to people who you don’t know so well， it’ll cause all kinds of trouble. 　　[6]that引导宾语从句；从句也是主从复合句，其中if引导条件状语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰先行词people；it’ll cause all kinds of trouble 是主句。 　　The situation here is so much worse because the “loose lips” were your best friend’s.[7]Treated this way， you’re sure to feel hurt⑬— we should always be able to⑭ trust those [8]closest to us， and it hurts even more when we find we can’t. 　　But I have to say [9]that it’s partly your fault⑮， isn’t it？ You admit⑯ that you were “letting off steam”.It is understandable⑰ in that situation， but we should always think before we speak. 　　[7]过去分词短语作原因状语。 　　[8]形容词短语作后置定语，修饰those。 　　[9]that 引导宾语从句；isn’t it 为反意疑问句。 　　[10]Here’s what you need to do.First， apologise to⑱ your teammate.If you ever want to win any more basketball games （and I’m sure you do！）， you need to work together⑲， and that means communicating with each other clearly and resolving⑳ conflicts.So have a chat with㉑ your teammate.[11]Tell him directly㉒ and honestly㉓ that you were talking without thinking. 　　[10]本句为完全倒装句。what引导的从句是句子的主语。 　　[11]本句为祈使句。that引导宾语从句，作前面Tell的直接宾语。 　　Then， talk to your friend.Friendship should be one of the greatest things in the world， but sometimes it can be difficult.Again， your strategy㉔ is clear communication.Tell your friend you’re angry with him for repeating [12]what you said and [13]making the situation worse， but [14]that you want to move on㉕.[15]Approached㉖ in this way， your friendship will soon be repaired. 　　[12]what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作said的宾语。 　　[13]此处为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；worse是bad的比较级，此处作宾语补足语。 　　[14]that 引导宾语从句。 　　[15]过去分词短语作条件状语。 　　Thirdly， and perhaps most importantly㉗，think about your own behaviour.Don’t say too much when you’re angry！[16]Filled with anger， you tend to㉘ say [17]whatever comes to your mind.This gives people the wrong signal㉙.Take a deep breath㉚， calm down㉛， and always remember： think first， speak later.If you feel one of your teammates isn’t pulling their weight㉜， then raise your concerns㉝ in a professional way㉞ with your team coach. 　　If you think about㉟ other people’s feelings as well as㊱ your own， you’ll soon find everything works out㊲. Good luck！ Agony Aunt 　　[16]过去分词短语作状语；be filled with意为“充满着”，作定语或状语时通常省略be。 　　[17]whatever引导宾语从句，此处不可以改成no matter what。 ①in a mess 一团糟 ②help sb out 帮某人一把 ③be crazy about 为……疯狂，对……着迷 ④be good at 擅长 ⑤let down 使失望，辜负 ⑥like prep.像…… ⑦on the court 在球场上 ⑧steam n.蒸汽，水蒸气 let off steam 发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 ⑨be angry with sb 对某人生气；冲某人发火 ⑩concentrate on 集中注意力于 ⑪saying n.谚语 ⑫loose lips sink ships 祸从口出 ⑬hurt adj.受伤的；受伤害的 be sure to feel hurt 一定会感到受伤 be sure to 一定会 ⑭be able to 能够 ⑮fault n.责任，过错 ⑯admit v.承认 admit doing sth 承认做过某事 ⑰understandable adj.可以理解的 ⑱apologise to sb 向某人道歉 ⑲work together一起工作，一起共事 ⑳resolve v.解决（问题、困难） ㉑have a chat with sb 和某人聊天 ㉒directly adv.直接地 ㉓honestly adv.诚实地，诚恳地 ㉔strategy n.计谋，策略；行动计划 ㉕move on 开始做别的事；换话题 ㉖approach v.着手处理；接近，靠近 ㉗most importantly 最重要的是 ㉘tend to倾向于 ㉙signal n.信号；暗号 ㉚breath n.一口气 take a deep breath深吸一口气 ㉛calm down 冷静下来 ㉜pull one’s weight 做好分内事，尽责 ㉝concern n.忧虑，担心 v.涉及；使关心，使担忧 ㉞in a professional way用专业的方式 ㉟think about 考虑，想到 ㊱as well as 如同，和……一样 ㊲work out 进展顺利，如期发生 参考译文 深陷痛苦！知心阿姨为你答疑解惑 尊敬的知心阿姨： 　　我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！ 　　我今年17岁，是学校篮球队的一员。我酷爱打篮球，打得也很好，也许正因如此，在我们队输掉了最近的比赛时我相当恼怒。我们打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。控球后卫是队里的关键球员，但他却好像不在场上似的！我对他的所作所为感到失望，就把这些全部告诉了我最好的朋友。我其实只是想发泄一下怒气，因为我太生气了，可我的朋友随后却把我的话告诉了所有人。 　　这太让人难堪了。我对朋友气恼不已，我应该对他说些什么？另外，我是否应该对我的队友说点什么？ 　　我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。请您帮帮我吧！ 本 亲爱的本： 　　美国有一句老话：“祸从口出。”意思是说如果你对某件事谈论得过多，尤其是跟你不太了解的人谈论，会招来各种各样的麻烦。 　　你的情况更为糟糕，因为“口风不紧”的人是你最好的朋友。被这样对待，你一定觉得受到了伤害——我们应该一直能够信赖最亲近的人，当我们发现他们不能信赖时，就更伤心了。 　　不过我不得不说你也有一部分责任，不是吗？你承认了你“只是想发泄一下怒气”。这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。 　　现在你应该这么做。第一步，向你的队友道歉。如果你们以后篮球比赛还想赢球（我肯定你们一定想赢！），你们就必须团结合作，这就意味着你们彼此之间必须沟通清楚，解决矛盾。所以，找你那位队友聊聊吧，直接诚恳地告诉他你当时的话没有经过认真考虑。 　　第二步，和你的朋友聊聊吧。友谊应该是世上最好的事物之一了，但有时也会有些麻烦。同样，你的策略是进行清楚明确的沟通。告诉你的朋友，他传话的行为让情况更糟糕了，你对此很生气，但你想让事情就此过去。通过这个方式处理，你们的友谊很快就会被修复。 　　第三步，也许是最重要的一点，你要反思自己的行为。生气的时候不要说太多话！满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。这会给别人错误的信号。深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。如果你觉得某个队友没有尽职尽责，那你要以更专业的方式向教练提出你的担心。 　　如果你能在考虑自己感受的同时也考虑别人的感受，很快你就会发现情况将逐渐好转。 祝你好运！ 知心阿姨 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　turn to sb for help　　向某人寻求帮助 2.　be crazy about　　　为……疯狂，对……着迷 3.　point guard　　　（球队进攻的）控球后卫 4.　concentrate on　　　集中注意力于…… 5.　loose lips sink ships　　　祸从口出 6.　have a chat with sb　　　和某人聊天 7.　most importantly　　　最重要的是 8.　tend to do sth　　　往往会做某事 9.　come to one’s mind　　　出现在某人的脑海里 10.　raise one’s concerns with sb　　　向某人提出自己的担忧 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.　Embarrassed and ashamed　， I can’t concentrate on anything. 我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。 2.It is understandable in that situation， but we should always think 　before we speak　. 这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。 3.Filled with anger， you tend to say 　whatever comes to your mind　. 满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。 核心词汇集释 1.in a mess 一团糟；杂乱不堪；陷入困境； 教材原句　I’m in a total mess here — hope you can help me out！我这儿一团糟，希望您能帮我一把！ 【用法】 （1）make a mess of　把……搞得一塌糊涂 get sb into a mess　　使某人陷入困境 （2）mess up　　搞乱；搞糟 mess around/about　　瞎闹；闲逛；浪费时间 （3）messy adj.　　凌乱的；脏的 a messy job　　一项脏的工作 【佳句】　The heavy rain made a mess of our picnic plans， so we had to stay indoors. 大雨把我们的野餐计划搞得一塌糊涂，所以我们不得不待在室内。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①（2024·全国甲卷） Your body system is all messed 　up　， so you feel dizzy. ②Sorry， the place is so 　messy　 （ mess ）； I haven’t had time to clear up. 【写美】　完成句子 ③记住复习你学过的东西，否则考试时你会一团糟的。 Remember to review what you have learnt， or you’ll be 　in a mess　 when exams come. 2.help out 帮一把 【用法】 （1）help sb with sth/in doing sth/（to） do sth　帮助某人（做）某事 can’t help doing sth　　情不自禁地做某事 can’t help but do sth　　别无选择只好做某事 （2）with the help of　　在……的帮助下 be of help＝be helpful　　有帮助 【佳句】　They will remain in trouble if we don’t help them out. 如果我们不帮他们一把，他们将继续处于困境中。 【点津】　help out既可以作及物动词短语，也可以作不及物动词短语。作及物动词短语时，宾语若是代词，只能位于help与out之间。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The boy’s difficult situation engaged our sympathy， so we decided to help him 　out　. ②It was 　with　 the help of these marks that we quickly found the exit. ③Hearing that the club is recruiting new members，I can’t help 　writing　 （write） to you to invite you to join us. 【写美】　一句多译 ④你给我的建议对解决这个问题有很大帮助。 →The advice you gave me 　is of great help　 in solving this problem. →The advice you gave me 　is very helpful　 in solving this problem. （感谢信） 3.let down 使失望，辜负 教材原句　①We played well， but I felt the team were let down by one member， our point guard. 我们打得不错，但我感觉整个团队都被一个队友拖累了，那就是我们的控球后卫。 ②（北师大必修一）“Let me try， coach！ I won’t let you down！” Paul said. “让我试试吧，教练！我不会让你失望的！”保罗说。 【用法】 let alone　 　不干涉；更不用说 let out　　放掉；发出（叫声等）；泄露（秘密等） let off　　使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚 let in　　放进，让……进来；容许；许可 let off steam　　发泄怒火，宣泄情绪 let go （of）　　放手，松手，放开；使自由 【佳句】　I’m confident you won’t let your parents down through your efforts. （鼓励信） 我相信通过你的努力，你不会让你的父母失望。 【练透】　用let的相关短语填空 ①The glass doors have taken the place of the wooden ones at the entrance， 　letting in　 the natural light during the day. ②（2024·新课标Ⅱ卷） After I finish this chapter，I just can’t 　let go of　 this book. 【写美】　完成句子 ③很抱歉我让你失望了。出了一些事，因此我没能去见你。 I’m sorry I 　let you down.Something went wrong， so I couldn’t meet you. （道歉信） 4.breath n.一口气；呼吸 教材原句　Take a deep breath， calm down， and always remember：think first， speak later. 深呼吸，冷静下来，并时刻记住：先思而后言。 【用法】 （1）take one’s breath away　　　令人惊叹 hold one’s breath　　屏息；屏气 take a deep breath　　深吸一口气 lose one’s breath　　喘不过气来 （be） out of breath　　喘不过气来 （2）breathe v.　　呼吸；使喘息 breathe in/out　　吸气/呼气 （3）breathless adj.　　喘不过气来的 【佳句】　If you run too fast， you will lose your breath. 如果你跑得太快，你会喘不过气来。 【练透】　用breath的相关短语填空 ①The audience 　held their breath　 as the singer prepared to hit the high note. ②Desperately trying to keep calm， he 　took a deep breath　 and let out a sigh. 【写美】　完成句子 ③当我们到达山顶时，我们都喘不过气来，但很快美丽的景色让我们惊叹不已。 When we reached the top of the mountain，we were all 　out of breath/breathless　， but the beautiful scenery soon 　took our breath away　. （动作、心理描写） 重点句型解构 1.句型公式： 形容词（短语）作原因状语 教材原句　Embarrassed and ashamed， I can’t concentrate on anything. 我既尴尬又羞愧，做什么事都无法集中精力。 【用法】 句中Embarrassed and ashamed为形容词短语作原因状语，说明主语的状态。 （1）形容词（短语）作状语，说明句子主语的特点或处于某种状态，可以表示方式、原因或伴随状况等，可位于句首、句末或句中，常用逗号与句子其他部分隔开。 （2）形容词（短语）作状语时，常用来说明句子主语的状态，即和主语构成主系表结构。如果用来修饰句子的谓语动词或整个句子，则应用副词作状语。 【佳句】　Lost in the forest， Mary lay under a tree， full of fear and despair. （情绪描写） 玛丽迷失在森林里，躺在一棵树下，充满了恐惧和绝望。 【写美】　微写作 ①由于伤势严重，一些乘客被立即送往最近的医院。 　Seriously injured　， some of the passengers were sent to the nearest hospital at once. ②他吓得僵在原地，一动也不能动。 　Terrified　， he froze on the spot， unable to move an inch. ③女孩既好奇又兴奋，迫不及待地打开了她的礼品盒。 　Curious and excited　， the girl couldn’t wait to unfold her gift box. 2.句型公式：before 引导时间状语从句 教材原句　It is understandable in that situation， but we should always think before we speak. 这在当时的情况下可以理解，但我们在说话前应该先想清楚。 【用法】 before引导时间状语从句时，基本含义是“在……之前”，又可以根据不同语境灵活翻译成“还没来得及……就……”“……之后才……”“在……之前”“（不久）就……”“以免……”“趁着（还没有）……”。before常用于以下句型： （1）It will be＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）　要过……才…… （2）It won’t be＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般现在时）　　过不了……就…… （3）It was not long before ...（从句用一般过去时）　　没过多久就…… （4）It was＋时间段＋before ...（从句用一般过去时）　　过了……时间才…… 【佳句】　It will be a long time before we meet again， so let’s make the most of today. 要过很久我们才能再见面，所以今天好好珍惜吧。 【写美】　语境辨义/微写作 ①How time flies！ Two weeks has gone by before we knew it. 　在……之前　 ②It’s a pity that it was five years before he came back again. 　……之后才……　 ③He took the bad news out of his mouth before I could stop him. 　还没来得及……就……　 ④将近一天之后，他才意识到他的错误并向他的朋友彼得道歉。 　It was nearly a day before he realised his mistakes　 and said sorry to his friend Peter. ⑤一些科学家相信，不久之后机器人就会广泛应用于生活的各个方面。 Some scientists believe that 　it won’t be long before　 robots are widely used in all aspects of life. 3.句型公式：whatever 引导宾语从句 教材原句　①Filled with anger， you tend to say whatever comes to your mind. 满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。 ②（译林选必四）Always give your best in whatever you set out to do， however difficult that might be. 无论你打算做什么，无论多么困难，都要尽你最大的努力。 【用法】 句①中的whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的宾语从句，whatever相当于anything that。 （1）whatever可以引导名词性从句，还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。 （2）whatever/whoever/whichever这一类词既可以引导名词性从句，也可以引导让步状语从句；而however/wherever/whenever一般只可以引导让步状语从句。 【佳句】　Remember that you have the power to do whatever you want. 记住，你有能力去做你想做的一切。 【写美】　微写作/一句多译 ①无论是谁违背学校规章制度，一定会受到惩罚。 　Whoever breaks the school rules　 will surely receive punishment. ②我将习惯于未来发生的一切事情。 I’ll be used to 　whatever comes　 in the future. ③不管面对什么挑战，我们决不放弃。 →　Whatever challenges we face　， we never give up. →　No matter what challenges we face　， we never give up. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.She nervously bit her 　lip　 （嘴唇） as she waited for the test results. 2.A good chess player always has a 　strategy　 （计谋） in mind before making a move. 3.The school has a 　 loose　 （控制不严的） dress code， allowing students to wear casual clothes. 4.It’s not entirely his fault　； there were other factors at play. 5.It turned out that it was because the driver ignored the traffic signal　 that the accident was caused. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.　Full of confidence in the future　 （对未来充满信心）， I am looking forward to （having） a good result of my high school life. 2.If you miss this chance， 　it may be years before you get another one　 （可能要过好几年才会有下一次机会）. 3.My father 　does whatever he can do　 （做任何他能做的事） for me in order that I can concentrate on my study. 维度一：品句填词 1.He questioned whether the accident was solely the truck driver’s 　fault　 （过错）. 2.The engines were fired with coal and needed water to keep the 　steam　 （蒸汽） up. 3.If a tooth feels very 　loose　 （松动的），your dentist may recommend that it （should） be taken out. 4.He is the guy whose name is on everyone’s 　lips　 （嘴唇） at the moment. 5.In 1912，the Titanic 　sank　 （沉没） on its maiden voyage when it crashed into an iceberg. 6.We must find a way to resolve　 these problems before it’s too late. 7.To improve the quality of life through work， two effective strategies　 are necessary. 8.As is known to all， traffic signals　 tell drivers and pedestrians when to stop and go. 维度二：词形转换 1.One day， you will find that these useful tools can then assist you with a 　resolution　 （resolve） of the problem. 2.　Concerned　 （concern） about his own safety， Peter put a card on the back of his car reading “Caution — Newly Licensed”. 3.　Faulty　 （fault） wiring is a common cause of house fires， so it’s important to have a professional inspection of your home’s electrical system. 4.The Amazon rainforest 　breathes　 （breath） life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 per cent of all the Earth’s oxygen. 5.I couldn’t remember his name while talking with him， which made me very 　embarrassed　 （embarrass）. 6.Mum makes me clean up my 　messy　 （mess） room when she is cooking. 7.We have to admit that we were wrong，and 　apologise　 （apology） to you for what happened. 维度三：固定搭配和句式 1.The house was 　in a mess　 （一片狼藉） after I held a birthday party for my daughter. 2.I’m happy to be able to 　help an elderly woman out　 （帮一位老妇人一把） who was struggling with her heavy bag. 3.Many people find that physical activity can help to 　let off steam　 （宣泄情绪） after a stressful day. 4.　Concerned about her son　 （出于对她儿子的担忧）， she stayed at the bedside the whole night， awake. 5.You can get 　whatever you want　 （你想要的任何东西） as a gift for your fantastic performance in the final examination. 6.He had measured me 　before I could get in a word　 （我还没来得及插话）. 7.A swimmer can’t swim under water very long， because he must 　take a deep breath　 （深呼吸）. 8.Tom is determined to work hard this term， for he doesn’t want to 　let his parents down　 （让他的父母失望） again. 维度四：一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 A.v.下沉，沉没 B.v.（心情）变得沉重，（情绪）变低落 C.n.（厨房里的）洗涤池，洗碗槽 1.sink ①My heart sank when I saw how much work there was left. 　　B　 ②Don’t just leave your dirty plates in the sink！ 　　C　 ③The ship began to sink after hitting an iceberg in the icy waters. 　　A　 2.steam A.n.蒸汽，水蒸气　　　 B.v.蒸（食物） C.v.（使）生气，发怒 ①She prefers steaming her vegetables to boiling them to retain their nutrients. 　　B　 ②The coach was steamed about the team’s poor performance during the game. 　　C　 ③The steam rose from the boiling pot of water on the stove. 　　A　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的词性及词义 3.（2024·1月浙江卷）Your motivation should be your main concern. 　n.重要的事情　 4.The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve. 　 n.决心，决定　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·广东东莞高一下期中）As a saying goes， love your neighbor as yourself.Yet we all struggle and often come up short in loving our neighbors.Too often we miss the opportunity to be available to our neighbors in need of help and care.When a neighbor approaches， we may concentrate too much on our own problems or care too much about our loved ones to realize that we’re not paying attention to the neighbor. 　　Although we know loving our neighbors is the right and moral thing to do， it takes courage to live it out.It means stepping out of our comfort zone.Jill Briscoe， an author， tells a story about when she heard gossip that her neighbor’s husband had left her.She knew the neighbor casually.When they spoke， they talked about the weather.She realized that in her community most people didn’t know each other. 　　Jill struggled with what to do.Finally， she gathered the courage to walk over and pay a call.When her neighbor opened the door， Jill shared that she had heard on the grapevine that her husband had left.Could she do anything？ The woman burst into tears and said， “Come in， come in.” Jill spent the entire morning listening， putting her arm around her neighbor and having coffee.It was the start of a relationship. 　　In these challenging times， let us choose to be the neighbor our faith calls us to be.When we do， love wins and makes the world a better place for everyone.“All of us， at some time or other， need help.Whether we’re giving or receiving help， each one of us has something valuable to bring to the world.That’s one of the things that connect us with neighbors — in our own way， each of us is a giver and a receiver，” said Fred Rogers， who created and hosted the preschool television series “Mister Rogers’ Neighborhood”. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍除了要爱自己之外，也要爱自己身边的邻居。 1.Why are we not paying attention to the neighbors？（　　） A.They are familiar to us. B.They always trouble us. C.We are not willing to do so. D.We care about our loved ones more. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段末句可知，我们往往把注意力更多地放在自己或关心的亲人身上，从而忽略邻居。 2.What effect did Jill’s visit have on her neighbor？（　　） A.Anger.　 B.Happiness. C.Embarrassment.　 D.Comfort. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段可知，邻居因Jill的关心而哭起来。由此可推断，她感到了安慰。 3.What can be inferred from Fred Rogers’ words？（　　） A.Nobody is a lonely island in life. B.Giving help means receiving help. C.It is easy to know about the neighbors. D.Good neighborhood relationship is beneficial. 解析：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，Fred Rogers表示，每个人都是给予者和接受者，强调人们之间会互相帮助，没有人是一座孤岛。 4.What do we know about Jill and Fred？（　　） A.They are knowledgeable. B.They are excellent as neighbors. C.They are well-known for writing. D.They are hard-working as reporters. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后两句以及Jill和Fred在邻里关系中的积极表现可以推断，他们是优秀的邻居，体现了良好的邻里精神。 B 　　（2025·福建福州高一下期中）Good relationships are definitely good sources of happiness in life.We all want happy relationships but if we do not keep that relationship alive， it can also be one of the most distraught things in life.There may be no hard and fast rules in making good relationships， as each of us has different preferences and points of view as to what is a great relationship.The following are some major key players in making relationships work. 　　It is often said that building good relationships is all about communication.Good communication indeed governs a good relationship — knowing the right thing to say， when to say it， how to say it， and accepting some things that are better left unsaid.I personally think communication must be broadened because relationships involve more decisions to make.From study to work， from money to entertainment and even in things about yourself or about your friends that you do not know， communication is necessary in these aspects of the relationships. 　　Of course， being with someone is not saying that you totally agree with him or her all the time.You and your friends come from different family backgrounds， raised in different environments so there may be disagreements here and there.However， it is important in making relationship work to express disagreements without pushing the relationship to end.Again， good communication and learning to compromise （妥协） at times are necessary. 　　As relationships last longer， you may also discover things about yourself and your friends that you may not have known before.Therefore， supporting each other on both your “hidden selves” can also make a good relationship. 　　Love is an important aspect of building relationships and for me， I always believe that love needs open communication， respect， support and understanding each other in making relationships work. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了维持人际关系的关键因素。 5.The underlined word “distraught” in paragraph 1 probably means 　　.（　　） A.Funny　 B.Upset C.Interesting　 D.Surprising 解析：B　词义猜测题。根据第一段前两句可知，不能保持愉快的人际关系可能会给生活带来不良后果，使人不愉快，因此画线词所在句子表示“我们都想要快乐的关系，但如果我们不能保持这种关系，它也可能成为生活中最令人心烦意乱的事情之一”，画线词distraught意为“令人不愉快的，令人心烦意乱的”，和upset意思相近。 6.To communicate well with people， you should know that 　　.（　　） A.a white lie is necessary sometimes B.compromises are necessary at any time C.your friends need to have the same backgrounds with you D.supporting each other in anything helps build a good relationship 解析：A　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句可知，要与人良好沟通，善意的谎言有时是必要的。 7.According to the text， which of the following are NOT important for a good relationship？（　　） A.Love.　 B.Support. C.Communication.　 D.Hidden selves. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Good communication indeed governs a good relationship、第四段末句和最后一段可知，爱、支持和沟通对于保持良好的关系都很重要，“隐藏的自我”对于一段良好的关系不重要，支持对方“隐藏的自我”才重要。 8.What would be the best title for the text？（　　） A.The Importance to Express Disagreements B.Different Opinions on Good Relationships C.Keys to Making Relationships Work D.Forbidden Rules in Building Good Relationships 解析：C　标题归纳题。通读全文，根据第一段中的The following are some major key players in making relationships work.可知，本文主要讲述了维持人际关系的关键因素。 故C项适合作本文最佳标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·江苏扬州高一下期中） Studies continue to show how important strong friendships are to our overall health.Here’re the rules you are supposed to know to keep strong and healthy friendships. 　　9.　（　　）　 Everyone needs a support network.When you consider yourself the friend of another， you’re indirectly offering to be a part of his or her support network.What’s more， without trust and honesty， there is no authenticity （真实性） to the friendship. 　　Be all ears to your friends.Too often， we only “half hear” what others are telling us， and have a hard time making space for caring about others’ conditions.10.　（　　）　 If we don’t truly know what our friends need or can’t clearly express how we feel or what we need， friendships won’t survive or continue. 　　Throw away the judgment.11.　（　　）　 Good friends are able to realize that everyone is human.Friends don’t have to necessarily “like” or “approve” of their friends’ choices， but good friends will accept their friends’ choices no matter what. 　　Forgive （原谅） where you can — and seek forgiveness when you make a mess of something.No one promises to bring perfection to a relationship， so being willing to accept and forgive the weaknesses of others enables you to build a lasting friendship.12.　（　　）　 　　Respect your friends and their boundaries （边界）.Everyone has a right to set up personal boundaries to feel safe and respected.Some friends may have a difficult time letting people get close to them for fear of being hurt.13.　（　　）　 Give them the space they need to feel comfortable， and let the relationship deepen over time. A.Offer them what they need. B.Give support， trust， and honesty. C.Don’t stick near your friends too much. D.However， friendships require attention and care. E.But friendships don’t need to be perfect. F.True friends don’t judge each other’s choices. G.It’s also important that we’re able to recognize when we make mistakes. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章就“如何维持强大和健康的友谊”给出了一些具体的规则和建议。 9.B　根据下文可知，本段讲述的是友谊需要一个支持的网络。B项（给予支持、信任和诚实）符合语境。 10.D　根据上下文可知，空处应是转折，说明友谊需要关注和关心。D项（然而，友谊需要关注和关心）承上启下，符合语境。D项中的care和上文的caring相呼应。 11.F　根据下文可知，真正的朋友不会评判彼此的选择。F项（真正的朋友不会评判对方的选择）符合语境。F项中的judge呼应上文的judgment。 12.G　根据上文可知，空处讲的是友谊中也需要接受对方的不足和错误。G项（同样重要的是，我们能够认识到什么时候犯了错误）承接上文，符合语境。G项中的recognize when we make mistakes与上文的accept and forgive the weaknesses of others相呼应。 13.C　根据上下文可推测，空处讲的是要给朋友一些空间。C项（不要离你的朋友太近）承上启下，符合语境。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $