UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义核心聚焦动词不定式复习，系统梳理其基本构成“to+动词原形”，从时态语态（一般式、完成式、进行式等主动被动形式）到句法功能（主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语），通过“先感悟实例—会发现规律—善归纳总结—运用练巩固”的学习支架，构建完整知识脉络。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为设计亮点，结合教材典句与高考真题实例，引导学生分析归纳，提升思维品质。课中助力教师系统授课，课后通过基础题型与语段写作练习，帮助学生巩固语言能力，查漏补缺，培养自主学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习动词不定式 　　As we all know，it’s important to master a foreign language①.However，Lin Tao found it difficult to learn English②，leaving him at a loss.He was always busy and had a lot of homework given by his English teacher to do③.There was an urgent need to improve his learning efficiency④ in order to keep up with the teacher’s pace⑤.One day，his teacher advised him to sign up for⑥ an online course，whose aim was to improve students’ enthusiasm for learning⑦ and it provided useful learning methods.To improve his English performance⑧，he worked day and night，focusing on his course and practicing hard. 1.左栏黑体部分均是动词不定式。 ①在句中作主语； ②在句中作宾语； ⑥在句中作宾语补足语； ⑦在句中作表语； ③④在句中作定语； ⑤⑧在句中作目的状语。 2.动词不定式的一般式结构为to do。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 　　动词不定式的基本构成是“to＋动词原形”。to是不定式符号，无词义。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词和动词的特征。它可以在句中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分。 一、动词不定式的时态和语态 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句） To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. ②I felt very happy to have received the gift sent by you last Sunday. ③The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his mother entered the room. ④There’s something highly exciting about escaping someone else’s sight and making yourself unable to be seen when playing hide and seek. 【会发现】 上述例句中的动词不定式的形式分别是　　　　、　　　　、　　　　和　　　　　　。 【善归纳】 形式 主动 被动 意义 一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生 完成式 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生 进行式 to be doing — 在谓语动作发生时，动词不定式的动作正在进行 完成进行式 to havebeendoing — 在谓语动作发生前一直在进行 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①As a high school freshman， I am honored 　　　　　　　　　　（enter） a new chapter in my life. ②（2023·1月浙江卷）If you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle， not everyone around you will be ready 　　　　　　（jump） on that bandwagon. ③As scheduled， the contest is 　　　　　　　　　（hold） on 18 November， from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. ④The work is believed to 　　　　　　　　　　（do） perfectly， which is a great relief to the manager. 二、动词不定式的句法功能 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. ②But no matter when you travel， it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 1 to 3 months in advance. ③Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance. ④On behalf of our Student Union， I sincerely invite you to participate in an English Speech Contest and serve as a judge. ⑤（教材典句）The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. ⑥We are to meet at the school gate at eight on Saturday morning， where a bus will be waiting to pick us up. ⑦（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Cycling is the most economical， sustainable and fun way to explore the city. ⑧（教材典句）Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come. ⑨（教材典句）China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange. ⑩What I want to know is when we’re going to get paid. ⑪Students will work in groups to complete four assignments during the course. ⑫I am sorry to know you argued with your mother about whether you should surf the Internet or not. 【会发现】 （1）句①②中的动词不定式在句中作　　　　　　； （2）句③④中的动词不定式在句中作　　　　　　； （3）句⑤⑥中的动词不定式在句中作　　　　； （4）句⑦⑧中的动词不定式在句中作　　　　； （5）句⑨⑩中的动词不定式在句中作　　　　； （6）句⑪⑫中的动词不定式在句中作　　　　。 【善归纳】 动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，多表示具体的或某次具体的行为。 1.动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。为了保持句子平衡，往往把主语放在后面，而用it作形式主语。 2.动词不定式作表语 动词不定式作表语时须放在系动词后面，表示具体的动作或将来的动作。这些系动词主要是be动词（am、 is、 are、 was、 were、 been等）和表象类系动词（seem、 appear等）。 名师点津 如果句中主语部分有实义动词 do的某种形式，作表语的动词不定式可省略符号to。 The least I can do is （to） write to you. 我至少能做到的是给你写信。 3.动词不定式作宾语 （1）有些动词后接另一动词作宾语时，所接动词习惯上要用不定式形式，而不用动词-ing形式，这类动词主要有hope、 wish、 want、 agree、 promise、 demand、 ask、 refuse、 manage、 learn、 decide、 pretend、 choose等。 （2）think、find、feel、make、believe等动词可用于“动词＋it＋形容词/名词＋to do sth”结构中。在此句型中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。 4.动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式作宾语补足语的情况：一是在有些动词或动词短语后面接带to的不定式；二是在感官或使役动词后接不带to的不定式（主动语态）。 5.动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时，一般放在被修饰词后，表示一个将来的动作。不定式与被修饰词之间存在主谓或动宾关系。 （1）名词前有序数词、形容词最高级修饰，或被修饰的中心词是序数词、形容词最高级时，作定语的非谓语动词形式多为带to的不定式。 （2）当被修饰的词是抽象名词（ability、 chance、 idea等）时，作定语的非谓语动词形式多用带to的不定式。 6.动词不定式作状语 动词不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件、方式等。 名师点津 动词不定式作结果状语时，常放在句尾，如so ...as to ...、 too ...to ...等。有时动词不定式表示出人意料的结果，常在不定式前面加only。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①　　　　　　　　 （improve） your reading skills， you should read as many Chinese books as possible. ②As she washed the wounds， my mother looked at her wedding ring on her finger， only 　　　　　　　　（find）the diamond was gone. ③I’d like to make a sincere appeal that every single one should be aware of our responsibility 　　　　　　　　（cherish） food. ④As is known to all， surfing the Internet， which is a good way 　　　　　　　　（relax） ourselves， can increase our knowledge. ⑤To inspire more people 　　　　　　　　（love） reading and know the benefits of reading， many activities will be held in our school. ⑥The main reason is that your self-control is not strong and you tend 　　　　　　　（distract） in class. ⑦If our goal is 　　　　　　　　（make） this country the best place in the world for tech， AI is surely one of the greatest opportunities before us. ⑧It is everyone’s responsibility 　　　　　　　　　　（make） China strong and prosperous. Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.It will be held in China Town lasting for a week with the intention 　　　　　　　　（improve） the passion for Chinese culture. 2.However， others tend 　　　　　　　　（believe） that iPad costs so much money that not everyone can afford it. 3.I’d like to invite you to take part in our 3-km race 　　　　　　　　　　（hold） in our playground this Saturday morning. 4.Ariel found that the swan which buried its neck in its wings seemed 　　　　　　　　　　　　（lose） its all energy. 5.In my opinion， it is necessary for us 　　　　　　　　（practice） kung fu， because it can help us keep healthy. 6.　　　　　　　　 （solve） this issue， the garbage classification activity has been launched in our city recently. Ⅱ.使用本单元所学语法完成下面的语段 　　The scientists decided 1.　　　　　　　 （探索） the deep ocean in order to find out what exists on the floor of the sea.Their first step 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （实施这项计划） is 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （发送一台深水机器） designed specially for the research. The machine controlled remotely by scientists on the surface of the sea is in a shape of an egg.They will watch the machine dive deep into the sea.4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （进行这样的研究） is a long project that scientists have prepared for several months. 1.mixture n.混合；结合体；混合物 【用法】 （1）a mixture of　 　……的混合 （2）mix vt. （使）混合，（使）调和；使结合 mix sth with sth 把……和……混合 mix up 混淆；拌和；调和 （3）mixed adj. 复杂的；混合的 【佳句】　Standing on the stage， she felt a mixture of nervousness and excitement， her heart pounding rapidly. 站在舞台上，她感到既紧张又兴奋，心跳加速。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①A 　　　　　　（mix） feeling of embarrassment and fright stormed through me and my heart started beating wildly. 【写美】　完成句子 ②　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， Mary started leaving the restaurant to search for her friend. 带着恐惧和焦虑，玛丽开始离开餐厅去寻找她的朋友。 2.applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏 教材原句　The crowd stood to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work. 观众起立为科学家们重要的海洋研究工作鼓掌。 【用法】 （1）applaud for　　　　　为……鼓掌/喝彩 （2）applause n. 鼓掌；掌声 gain one’s applause 赢得某人的掌声 burst into thunderous/storming applause 爆发出雷鸣般的掌声 【佳句】　The competitors were sewing and attaching with their skillful hands， during which the classmates were cheering and applauding. 选手们用娴熟的双手缝制、粘贴，同学们在一旁欢呼、鼓掌。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①All her teachers and classmates applauded 　　　　　　her and there was a wide smile on her face. ②When I finished my performance， the audience burst into thunderous 　　　　　　（applaud）. 【写美】　完成句子 ③His perfect performance 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 他精彩的表演赢得了观众的掌声。 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 3　Section Ⅱ 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 【重难语法·要攻克】 一、会发现　一般式　完成式　进行式　被动形式 运用练　①to have entered　②to jump　③to be held ④have been done 二、会发现　（1）主语　（2）宾语补足语　（3）表语　（4）定语 （5）宾语　（6）状语 运用练　①To improve　②to find　③to cherish ④to relax　⑤to love　⑥to be distracted　⑦to make ⑧to make 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.to improve　2.to believe　3.to be held　4.to have lost 5.to practice　6.To solve Ⅱ.1.to explore 2.to carry out the plan 3.to send a deepwater machine 4.To conduct such research 【知识要点·须拾遗】 1.①mixed　②With a mixture of fear and anxiety 2.①for　②applause　③gained the audience’s applause 5 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $