UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦高中英语被动语态复习，以“形式—意义—使用”三维语法观为支架，系统梳理不同时态被动语态的构成（如现在完成时have/has been done等）、转换注意事项（复合宾语、双宾语等）及主动表被动现象，构建从感知到归纳再到运用的完整学习脉络。 资料以社区体育中心公告等真实语料引入，通过“先感悟—会发现—善归纳—运用练”任务链，引导学生分析归纳，提升语言能力与思维品质。含高考真题及语境化练习，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后助力学生巩固查漏，培养自主学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习被动语态 　　Are you ready to get fit？ We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Center will soon be open to the public once again. Our facilities have been enlarged① and redone， and our center is now bigger and better than ever before. The finishing touches are now being put② to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms will have been updated③ with modern equipment by the end of this month. Come by and check them out！ Better still，we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included. Weight training classes，for example，are being designed④ and will be added⑤ to our programme soon. We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches. We are confident that we have something for everyone. Looking forward to seeing you here！ 左栏黑体部分均使用了被动语态。 句①是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是have/has been done； 句②和句④是现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are being done； 句③是将来完成时的被动语态，其构成是will/shall have been done； 句⑤是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是will/shall be done。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、各种时态的被动语态形式 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human， and it was disturbing. ②（教材典句）Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. ③（教材典句）As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops， he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. ④The children are asked to clean their room every day. ⑤A number of houses have been destroyed over the last 3 years. ⑥This land will be protected and available for all generations to come. 【会发现】 以上各句中的黑体部分均为被动语态。 （1）句①、句②中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　； （2）句③中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　　　　　　　　　　　　； （3）句④中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　　　　　　　　　　　　； （4）句⑤中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　； （5）句⑥中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。 【善归纳】 使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词过去分词”，被动语态的时态体现在系动词be上。常见的被动语态形式如下表： 时态 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are done am/is/arebeing done has/havebeen done 过去 was/were done was/werebeing done had been done 将来 shall/willbe done shall/willhave been done 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①（2024·北京卷）On April 5， 2024， John Tinniswood 　　　　　　　　（name） the world’s oldest living man. ②（2023·1月浙江卷）Citizens of higher social classes 　　　　　　　　（permit） to live closer to the center of the circles. ③（2023·天津卷）The wooden tower that 　　　　　　　　　　　　（restore） will be open to tourists soon， and the work is almost finished. ④A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who 　　　　　　　　　　　　（trap） in the mountains for two days. 二、使用被动语态应注意的问题 【先感悟】 ①When the mother saw her daughter being taken good care of， she was very happy. →When her daughter was seen being taken good care of， the mother was very happy. ②His words made me feel happy. →I was made to feel happy by his words. ③My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I’m being told an interesting story by my father now. ④The nursing worker took good care of the old man， which reassured us much. →The old man was taken good care of by the nursing worker， which reassured us much. ⑤As far as I’m concerned， everyone must be treated equally in education. 【会发现】 （1）句①、句②中，主动语态变为被动语态时，　　　　变为主语，　　　　　　　　不动； （2）句③中，　　　　　　和　　　　　　均可作主语，构成被动语态； （3）句④中，当谓语动词为固定的短语时，变为被动语态时　　　　把动词短语拆开； （4）句⑤中，含有情态动词的被动语态的构成为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。 【善归纳】 （1）谓语动词带有复合宾语的主动句转换为被动句时，应将宾语变为被动句的主语，而将补足语保留不动（这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语）。 名师点津 在主动语态中，make、hear、see等词后接动词不定式时要省略to，但在被动语态中，则不能省略to。 （2）带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的（直接）宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的（间接）宾语，或将表示人的（间接）宾语变为主语。 （3）动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 （4）含有情态动词的谓语的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋动词过去分词”构成。 【运用练】　单句语法填空/将句子改为被动语态 ①（2024·全国甲卷）What should 　　　　　　　　（do） with such a beautiful place？ ②（2024·1月浙江卷）However， though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages， it would help even more if they could sometimes 　　　　　　　　（offer） in smaller packs. ③He can’t have been off long， for I heard him make a call in the passage just now. →He can’t have been off long， for he 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　in the passage （by me） just now. ④Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. →These precious natural resources 　　　　　　　　　　　　　by native Americans wisely. ⑤While I tend to buy a lot of books， they gave me these three as gifts， which might add to the meaning I attach to them. →While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， which might add to the meaning I attach to them. 三、主动形式表示被动意义 【先感悟】 ①The idea sounds fine in theory， but will it work？ ②This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. ③My wife tells me that this ladder needs repairing. ④I think the novel is worth reading again. ⑤I have a lot of work to do at present. ⑥The water is not fit to drink， so hold out until we get to the shop. 【会发现】 以上各句中的黑体部分均为主动形式但表示　　　　意义。 【善归纳】 （1）连系动词如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain、seem、hear、appear、prove等后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 （2）当wash、write、sell、open、close、shut、lock、cook、cut等不及物动词后加easily、well等副词时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 （3）“need/want/require/deserve/ ...＋doing”结构用主动形式表示被动意义。 （4）“be worth doing”结构用主动形式表示被动意义。 （5）动词不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间构成动宾关系，且句中出现动作的逻辑主语时，要用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 （6）在“主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”句型中，形容词后跟动词不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。此句型常用的形容词有amusing、comfortable、dangerous、difficult、easy、fit、hard、important、impossible、interesting、nice、pleasant、funny等。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①His books 　　　　　　（sell） well， so they will be sold out soon. ②The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift 　　　　　　（write） smoothly. ③These small trees need 　　　　　　　　（take） good care of. Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.To make way for the wide street， these houses need 　　　　　　（pull） down. 2.Mr Smith felt upset for 　　　　　　　　（turn） away from the concert he had longed for.　 3.We are confident that the environment 　　　　　　　　　　　　（improve） by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 4.I have to go to work by taxi because my car 　　　　　　　　　（repair） at the garage. 5.I was made 　　　　　　　　（realise） what terrible problems we would face by the shocking news. 6.The historical novel 　　　　　　　　　　（publish） next month is based on a true story. Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用被动语态 　　The Wandering Earth is a science fiction novel which 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （刘慈欣所写）.It 2.　　　　　　　　　　　 （被认为是） one of the best science fiction stories. After the novel 3.　　　　　　　　 （被出版）， it drew wide attention. The story of the novel 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　 （基于科学），imagination and personal experience. The novel 5.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （已被翻译成许多种语言） so far. Now it 6.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （正被全世界的人们阅读） and it 7.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （将被未来的几代人珍惜）. ◇on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式（基准） 教材原句　money paid for work or services， typically on a daily or weekly basis 为工作或服务支付的钱，通常是以每天或每周的方式支付 【用法】 （1）on a daily/weekly basis　每天/每周 on the basis of ... 以……为基础 （2）base ...on/upon 把……置于…… 基础之上 be based on/upon 以……为基础 【佳句】　In fact， David practiced on a regular basis，to get prepared for the coming running race. 事实上，大卫经常练习，为即将到来的跑步比赛做好准备。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①　　　　　　 on my own experience， I call on all of you to read the English newspaper on a regular 　　　　　　. （base） ②You should base your conclusion 　　　　careful research. 【写美】　完成句子 ③He 　　　　　　　　　　　　　to show his care and love， which makes them very happy. 他每周看望他的祖父母以表达他的关心和爱，这让他们非常开心。 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅱ 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 【重难语法·要攻克】 一、会发现　（1）was＋being＋动词过去分词　（2）was＋动词过去分词　（3）are＋动词过去分词　（4）have＋been＋动词过去分词　（5）will＋be＋动词过去分词 运用练　①was named　②were permitted ③is being restored　④had been trapped 二、会发现　（1）宾语　宾语补足语　（2）直接宾语　间接宾语　（3）不能　（4）情态动词＋be＋动词过去分词 运用练　①be done　②be offered　③was heard to make a call　④had been taken care of　⑤were given to me as gifts 三、会发现　被动 运用练　①sell　②writes　③taking/to be taken 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.pulling/to be pulled　2.being turned 3.will be improved　4.is being repaired　5.to realise 6.to be published Ⅱ.1.is written by Liu Cixin 2.is considered as 3.was published 4.is based on science 5.has been translated into many languages 6.is being read by people all over the world 7.will be treasured by future generations 【知识要点·须拾遗】 ①Based； basis　②on/upon　③visits his grandparents on a weekly basis 4 / 4 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $