UNIT 3 Section Ⅲ Using Language(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦海洋生物认知与海洋探索议题的语言运用，通过听力二次开发（含测试与填空）、核心词汇（如mercy, possession）及重点句型（动词-ing作主语、as引导从句）解析，搭建从输入到输出的学习支架，衔接议论文写作指导（结构、衔接、范文），形成完整学习链。 资料特色在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，听力填空强化信息抓取，两篇对立观点文本（海洋探索利弊）引导批判性思维，写作指导提供“观点-论据-结论”模板及衔接词。课中助力分层教学，课后通过词汇练习、句型转换巩固知识，提升自主学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Using Language Part Ⅰ　Get to know about whales and other sea animals 一、听力清障 1.a whale profile 一条鲸鱼的侧影 2.whereas conj.但是，然而 3.tell sth apart 把……区分开 4. track their movements 追踪它们的行动 5. plot their migration path 绘制它们的迁移路径 6. create a database of 创建一个关于……的数据库 二、教材听力二次开发 （一）听力测试 Listen to the conversation in the textbook and choose the best answer. 1.Why do they do whale research？（　　） A.To monitor the number of whales. B.To monitor where whales go. C.To evaluate how intelligent whales are. 2.What do whales use sounds for？（　　） A.Singing and sharing. B.Hunting and communication. C.Teaching and helping others. 3.Why do the campers take pictures of the whales’ fins？（　　） A.To tell the whales apart. B.To give whales different names. C.To send the pictures to other research groups. 答案：1－3　ABA （二）听力填空 Listen to the conversation in the textbook again and fill in the blanks with the words you hear. Craig： Here at the camp we are wild about whales！Today you have been helping us with our whale research.First of all，we asked you to 1.　find out some facts　 for a whale profile.What did you find，Sally？ Sally： There are over 2.　80 different species of　 whales.These include the blue whale，the largest known animal to have ever existed.They can grow to 100 feet long， and can weigh nearly 200 tons！There are two main types of whale： those with teeth， and those without.Those without teeth eat very small organisms， whereas those with teeth eat fish and other larger sea animals.More than 70 species of whales have teeth. Craig： Great！Then，we asked you to think about why we do whale research.Yes， Ben. Ben： Firstly，it is 3.　to monitor　 how many whales there are.Whales are threatened by many factors， including climate change， pollution， and hunting.Secondly， it is to track where whales go， so we can understand more about them， like their life cycle.Lastly， we know that whales are very intelligent.They communicate and hunt using complex sounds， and even 4.　sing and share songs.They can learn by themselves and can teach the things they 5.　have learnt to their young.We want to understand more about this. Craig： Very good， Ben.And lastly， we asked you to go out with us and write a report of the work we do.Can you give us your report， Luke？ Luke： Yes.First， we followed a group of whales with the boat.Then we 6.　took pictures　 of their fins.Most whales have slightly different fins and marks， which can help us 7.　to tell them apart.Meanwhile， we also noted their location， so we can track their movements and plot their migration path.Later， we created a database of their fins and locations.After that， we gave the group of whales a name，and each member a number.They will be added to the directory so we can identify them in the future.Finally， we 8.　contacted　 other whale research groups around the world to share the information with them. Craig： Excellent！Thank you all for your help today. Part Ⅱ　Express your opinions on sea exploration Text 1 1.Why does the author mention the Deepwater Horizon？（　　） A.To show it has more gallons of oil. B.To explain its influence on animals. C.To stress the bad effects of plastic. D.To prove it has caused serious pollution. 2.How does the author support his topic？（　　） A.By listing facts. B.By giving examples. C.By making comparisons. D.By analysing problems. 3.What is the meaning of “negative cycle” in the third paragraph？（　　） A.An incomplete link. B.One trouble leads to another that worsens the first. C.A damaged item. D.An idea that is not positive. 4.What’s the author’s attitude to sea exploration？（　　） A.Indifferent.　 B.Supportive. C.Opposed.　 D.Neutral. 答案：1－4　DABC Text 2 5.What makes it necessary for us to explore the sea？（　　） A.The development of technology. B.The rising population. C.The valuable minerals under the sea. D.The damage caused by earthquakes. 6.How does sea exploration help us？（　　） A.It can help record new creatures. B.It can help prevent earthquakes. C.It can help discover limitless resources. D.It can help handle climate change thoroughly. 7.What’s the author’s attitude to sea exploration？（　　） A.Indifferent.　 B.Supportive. C.Opposed.　 D.Doubtful. 答案：5－7　BAB 核心词汇集释 1.mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 教材原句　Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy.尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。 【用法】 　对……怜悯/宽恕 without mercy　　残忍地；毫不留情地 at the mercy of ...　　任由……摆布 out of mercy　　出于怜悯 （2）merciful adj.　　仁慈的；宽容的 be merciful to sb　　同情某人 （3）merciless adj.　　无情的；残忍的 【佳句】　With mercy and love， I decided to see if the bird had a chance to survive.（心理描写） 怀着怜悯和爱心，我决定看看这只鸟是否有机会活下来。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Suddenly， my mother said in a soft voice that we should protect his self-esteem rather than punish him 　without　 mercy. ②Tourists trapped in the mountains were 　at　 the mercy of the terrible weather until rescue teams arrived. 【写美】　完成句子 ③　Out of mercy　， the doctor agreed to treat the poor patient without charging any fees. 出于怜悯，医生同意为这位贫困的病人免费治疗。 2.possession n.个人财产；拥有；控制 教材原句　The sea is home to life， not human beings’ possessions.海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。 【用法】 （1）in possession of 　　具有；拥有 in the possession of 　　被……拥有；归……所有 take possession of 　　占有；拥有 （2）possess vt.　　拥有；具有；支配；控制 【佳句】　The young artist is in possession of a unique style that sets him apart from others. 这位年轻的艺术家拥有独特的风格，使他与众不同。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Please keep in mind that only by 　possessing　 （possess） a good state of mind can you be likely to attain success. 【写美】　一句多译 ②他们拥抱在一起，仿佛拥有了一切。 →Hugging each other， they felt as if they were 　in possession of　 everything. →Hugging each other， they felt as if everything was 　in the possession of　 them. 3.arrest n.逮捕；拘留；中止vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引（注意） 教材原句　A 5 million reward has been announced for information leading to the arrest of those responsible for the murder. 已宣布悬赏500万美元以获取缉拿谋杀犯的线索。 【用法】 （1）arrest sb for （doing） sth　因（做）某事而逮捕某人 get arrested　　遭逮捕 （2）be under arrest （for）　　（因……而）被逮捕 （3）arrest/draw/attract/catch one’s attention　　吸引某人的注意力 【佳句】　It was a policeman who came to arrest him and put him into prison for destroying the shop window. 一个警察来逮捕了他，并以破坏商店橱窗的罪名把他关进了监狱。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Little did he know that his attempt to steal the valuable painting would lead him to get 　arrested　 （arrest） on the spot. ②The criminal is currently 　under　 arrest and being questioned by the police. 【写美】　完成句子 ③The noise 　arrested my attention　 and I stopped my work to see what happened. 喧闹声吸引了我的注意力，我停下手头的工作看看发生了什么事。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：动词-ing形式作主语 教材原句　Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. 深入了解海洋也将有助于我们更好地管理其资源。 【用法】 （1）动词-ing形式作主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 （2）动词-ing形式作主语和动词不定式作主语时，均可以用it作形式主语，多见于某些形容词及名词之后；常见的能用于这种结构的形容词和名词有good、no good、no use、useless等。 （3）动词-ing形式（短语）的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。 【品悟】　Brimming with a smile on his face showed that David was happy and confident. 脸上洋溢着笑容，这表明大卫很开心，也很自信。 【写美】　完成句子 ①　Passing kindness and love　 did make the world a more beautiful place.（升华句） 传递善意和爱的确使这个世界成为一个更美丽的地方。 ②I find 　it is no use arguing with　 him， because he is so stubborn. 我发现和他争论没用，因为他太固执了。 ③　Their coming to help　 was a great encouragement to us. 他们来帮忙对我们是一个很大的鼓舞。 2.句型公式：as引导时间状语从句 教材原句　Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance. 随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。 【用法】 as作连词的主要用法如下： （1）意为“如同；按照”，引导方式状语从句； （2）意为“当……的时候；随着……”，引导时间状语从句； （3）意为“因为；既然”，引导原因状语从句； （4）意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用倒装语序，可与though互换。 【品悟】　As Teachers’ Day is approaching， our class decide to hold a party to celebrate the important day for a change this year. 随着教师节的临近，今年我们班决定换一种方式举行一场晚会来庆祝这个重要的日子。 【写美】　完成句子 ①　Nervous as she was　， she did it 　as her teacher instructed her　 and gathered up her courage to step onto the stage.　As she performed well　， thunderous applause burst out from the audience. 尽管她很紧张，她还是按照老师指示她的做了，鼓起勇气踏上舞台。由于她表演出色，观众爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。 ②The twins were filled with excitement 　as they thought of the surprise　 they were planning for Mother’s Day. 想到为母亲节准备的惊喜，这对双胞胎充满了兴奋。 3.句型公式：so ...that ...引导结果状语从句 教材原句　The son loved his parents so much that he promised not to swim. 儿子非常爱他的父母，所以他答应不去游泳。 【用法】 （1）so ...that ...句型的基本结构： so＋ （2）such ...that ...句型的基本结构： such＋ 【品悟】　So excited was I that I couldn’t wait to share the news with my teacher. 我太激动了，迫不及待地想和我的老师分享这个消息。 【点津】　当so/such位于句首时，其后的句子用部分倒装。 【写美】　完成句子/句型转换 ①The twins loved their mother 　so much that　 they decided to give her a Mother’s Day surprise. 这对双胞胎是如此爱他们的妈妈，他们决定给她一个母亲节惊喜。 ②Seeing the delicious breakfast，the mother was 　so moved that delightful tears rolled down her cheeks　. 看着美味的早餐，妈妈是如此感动，愉快的泪水从她的脸颊流下来。 ③He is so good-tempered a person that we all like him. →　He is such a good-tempered person that　 we all like him.（such ...that ...） →　So good-tempered a person/Such a good-tempered person is he that　 we all like him.（倒装句） Step 1｜品教材课文 Text 1 　　When people talk of exploring the sea more， they usually mean exploiting it.Sea exploration has caused many problems and will continue to cause more. 　　More exploration means more pollution.The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons of oil into the sea in 2010.Plastic pollution is also bad， killing many birds and fish， and has even been found in our tap water. 　　Mining for resources is very damaging， especially in the Arctic.Because of climate change， there is less ice now， which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north.But if we burn these， the ice will melt more and this negative cycle will continue.Climate change is warning us that something is very wrong. 　　Overfishing is another problem.Whales and dolphins are also hunted for their meat or for so-called research.Although this was banned in 1982，some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. 　　The sea is home to life， not human beings’ possessions.It is huge， but it is more sensitive than we think.If we do not protect it， future generations will not forgive us. Text 2 　　To truly understand our planet， we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.Opponents may be concerned，but sea exploration is important for our future.For example，scientific research ships can help address important issues such as climate change.We need to understand what is happening to our planet so that we can take action.Therefore， more research is necessary. 　　Understanding more about the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.It may help us discover new medicines， as well as new sources of food and energy.Accessing the deep ocean may also help us to predict events such as earthquakes. 　　The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development.There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice， not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. 　　Of course， there are still environmental risks.However， these should be balanced with economic needs. 　　Hopefully， as technology improves， we may have more options for managing this balance. Step 2｜析写作手法 学语言 Text 1： 　　第二段最后一句使用了动词-ing短语作结果状语（killing many birds and fish）；第三段使用了非限制性定语从句（which means we can look for more fossil fuels further north）。 Text 2： 　　第一段使用了动词不定式短语作目的状语（To truly understand our planet）和so that引导的目的状语从句；第三段使用了not just ...but （also） ...句式；最后一段使用了as引导的时间状语从句（as technology improves），这些高级句式和语法的运用使得文章精彩纷呈。 学结构 Text 1： 　　本文指出：海洋探索对海洋造成了很大的伤害，弊大于利。第一段开门见山地指出海洋探索往往意味着对海洋的过度开发，导致许多问题；第二至四段分别阐述海洋开发带来的问题，包括海洋污染、气候变化、过度捕捞等；第五段总结全文，发出呼吁：海洋是生命的家园，保护海洋迫在眉睫。 Text 2： 　　本文第一句阐明观点：要更好地了解我们的星球，就必须探索占据地球绝大部分面积的海洋。紧接着，作者就反对者的担忧提出第一个分论点，即为了更好地理解和解决气候变化等全球问题，我们需要进行海洋探索活动；第二段是第二个分论点，指出海洋探索有利于人类更好地利用资源；第三段是第三个分论点，指出海洋探索事关未来的人类生存；第四、五两段再次回应反对意见，指出在环保与发展之间需要寻求平衡，并相信随着技术进步，人类将更有能力取得这种平衡。 参考译文 文本一 　　人们在谈论扩大海洋探索的时候，通常指的是海洋开发。海洋探索已经造成了许多问题，并将继续引发更多问题。 　　扩大探索意味着污染加剧。2010年“深水地平线”号钻井平台在海中溢出了两亿多加仑的石油。塑料污染也十分严重，导致许多鸟类和鱼类死亡，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。 　　资源开采极具破坏性，尤其是在北极地区。由于气候变化，现在冰川减少了，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料。但是，如果我们烧尽这些燃料，冰川将融化得更多，这一不良循环将持续下去。气候变化正警告我们情况不妙。 　　过度捕捞是另一个问题。鲸鱼和海豚也遭到捕杀，成为盘中美食或用于所谓的研究。尽管早在1982年就已禁止，但有的国家仍在无情地“谋杀”这些聪明的生物。 　　海洋是生命的家园，而不是人类的私产。海洋广阔无垠，但比我们想象的更为敏感。如果我们不保护它，子孙后代将不会原谅我们。 文本二 　　为了真正了解我们的星球，我们必须探索覆盖其表面大部分的海洋。反对者也许会忧心忡忡，但是海洋探索对我们的未来十分重要。例如，科学考察船可以帮助应对像气候变化这种重要的问题。我们需要了解我们的星球正在发生什么，这样我们才能采取行动。因此，有必要开展更多的研究。 　　深入了解海洋也有助于我们更好地管理其资源。记载新物种将提升我们对地球上的生命的了解。这可能还会帮助我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。深海探索还有可能会帮助我们预测地震等事件。 　　世界人口正在不断增长，我们需要新的资源来维系未来的发展。海洋和冰川之下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅仅是石油和天然气，还有珍贵的矿物。 　　当然，环境风险仍然存在。但是，这些风险应该与经济需求相平衡。 　　随着技术的进步，我们有望会有更多的选择来驾驭这一平衡。 Step 3｜背出彩佳句 第一段：点明辩论的主题 1.When it comes to ocean exploration， people hold different opinions. 当谈到海洋探索时，人们持有不同的观点。 2.The opinion on whether to further explore the ocean varies from person to person. 关于是否进一步探索海洋的观点因人而异。 3.Our class had a heated discussion about the phenomenon.Opinions are mainly divided into two groups. 我们班对这种现象进行了热烈讨论，主要有两种观点。 第二段：用简洁的语言陈述双方的观点，然后再分条陈述理由 1.Some people are in favour of ocean exploration because rich resources in the ocean may help solve the problem of energy shortages. 一些人支持海洋探索，因为丰富的海洋资源可以帮助解决能源短缺的问题。 2.A majority of people approve of the idea because fish can provide us with rich nutrients. 大多数人赞成这个观点，因为鱼可以给我们提供丰富的营养。 3.Through ocean exploration， we can know more about the ocean and better understand the reason why the environment changes. 通过海洋探索，我们可以更多地了解海洋，更好地了解环境变化的原因。 4.However， some people hold a different opinion.They think that human’s overfishing may not only cause pollution but also destroy the deep-sea ecosystem. 然而，一些人持有不同的观点。 他们认为人类的过度捕捞不仅会造成污染，还会破坏深海生态系统。 第三段：表达自己的观点 1.Personally speaking， there are some good and bad effects caused by ocean exploration. 就我个人而言，海洋探索既有好的影响也有坏的影响。 2.As far as I’m concerned， moderate ocean exploration is worth investing because it can inspire humans to find new energy. 依我看来，适度的海洋探索是值得投资的，因为它可以激励人类去发现新能源。 　　假定你是李华，学校即将举行以Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans？为题的英语作文比赛，请按照下列要求写一篇议论文。 　　（1）使海洋可持续发展； 　　（2）了解海洋环境； 　　（3）更好地了解气候。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 一、合理布局，精心谋篇 二、遣词造句，规范得体 1.It can establish the basic information needed to better understand environmental change， 　which helps scientists to address current situations　.（定语从句） 它可以建立更好地理解环境变化所需的基本信息，这有助于科学家解决目前的情况。 2.It helps scientists to 　predict the future situations　 that may emerge. 这有助于科学家预测未来可能出现的情况。 3.It can also give us knowledge about 　what are available in oceans　， how the life forms live， and find out how humans can survive down there or 　make good use of the deep-sea resources　. 它还可以让我们了解海洋中可利用的物质，生命形式是如何生存的，以及人类如何在海底生存或充分利用深海资源。 4.It can help us keep track of the climate changes 　happening to the ocean and what might affect our lives　.（动词-ing形式作定语） 它可以帮助我们跟踪发生在海洋上的气候变化以及可能影响我们生活的因素。 5.Sea exploration will 　be greatly beneficial　 to humans.（beneficial） 海洋探索将对人类有很大的好处。 三、恰当衔接，自然过渡 用firstly， moreover， last but not least 等过渡词汇，把探索海洋的必要性连接成段。 　Firstly， it can establish the basic information needed to better understand environmental change， which helps scientists to address both current situations and to predict the future situations that may emerge.Moreover， it can also give us knowledge about what are available in oceans， how the life forms live， and find out how humans can survive down there or make good use of the deep-sea resources.Last but not least， it can help us keep track of the climate changes happening to the ocean and what might affect our lives.　 四、认真誊写，赏心悦目 Is it necessary for humans to explore oceans？ 　　　I am in favor of the view that it is essential for humans to explore oceans.　 　　　Firstly， it can establish the basic information needed to better understand environmental change， which helps scientists to address both current situations and to predict the future situations that may emerge.Moreover， it can also give us knowledge about what are available in oceans， how the life forms live， and find out how humans can survive down there or make good use of the deep-sea resources.Last but not least， it can help us keep track of the climate changes happening to the ocean and what might affect our lives.　 　　　In sum， ocean exploration will be of great benefit to humans.　 词汇 情 感 描 写 ①mercy n.仁慈；宽恕；恩惠 ②opponent n.反对者；对手；竞争者→oppose vt.反对；抵制→opposed adj.强烈反对；截然不同 动 作 描 写 ①extend vt.扩展；使伸长；延长 ②bond n.纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合 ③applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌 vt.称赞；赞赏 ④exploit vt.开发；利用；剥削 ⑤possess vt.控制；使掌握；具有；拥有 ⑥arrest vt.逮捕；拘留；阻止；吸引（注意） ⑦withdraw vi.& vt.（使）撤回；撤离 佳句 1.The crowd stood up to applaud scientists for their important ocean research work.（动作描写） 2.Seeing him lying helplessly in bed， I felt a sense of sympathy and mercy welling up in my heart. 3.As my friends were opposed to my plan， I couldn’t resist sobbing sadly. 4.If we are blind to our own faults， we will not show mercy to others.（主旨升华） 5.The audience stood up and applauded loudly as the singer finished her emotional performance. 情境导语：我们为新生举办欢迎会，学校利用这次机会告知他们校规…… 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1.　We extended a very warm welcome to　 all the freshmen yesterday. 昨天我们对所有新生表示热烈的欢迎。 2.The school 　exploited the chance to　 inform them of school rules. 学校利用这次机会告知他们校规。 3.All the students should 　build harmonious bonds with　 each other； we are strongly opposed to evil competition；we 　should possess sympathy　， 　have mercy on　 those in trouble and willingly 　extend a helping hand　； our kindness and hard work would be applauded greatly. 所有学生应该彼此建立和谐的关系；我们强烈反对恶性竞争；我们应该拥有同情心，怜悯处于困境的学生，乐意伸出援手；我们的善意和勤奋会被高度赞扬。 4.All in all， everything in the new school 　arrested the freshmen’s attention　. 总之，新学校的一切吸引了新生的注意力。 5.　Confident smiles came out of the corners of their mouths.They seemed to have seen a bright future waving at them. 嘴角洋溢着自信的微笑，他们似乎已经看到美好的未来正在向他们招手。 第二步：句式升级造亮点 6.把句5升级为with复合结构 　With confident smiles coming out of the corners of their mouths，they seemed to have seen a bright future waving at them.　 第三步：过渡衔接连成篇 　　　We extended a very warm welcome to all the freshmen yesterday.The school exploited the chance to inform them of school rules：All the students should build harmonious bonds with each other；we are strongly opposed to evil competition；we should possess sympathy，have mercy on those in trouble and willingly extend a helping hand；our kindness and hard work would be applauded greatly.All in all，everything in the new school arrested the freshmen’s attention.With confident smiles coming out of the corners of their mouths，they seemed to have seen a bright future waving at them.　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.　Meanwhile　 （同时）， I can learn how to get along well with the students and benefit the whole school. 2.The 　opponents　 （对手） didn’t think highly of me， so they didn’t think that I would be able to kick the ball so powerfully. 3.Again the farmer refused to admit committing the 　murder　 （谋杀）. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.We all felt very proud 　as we watched the national flag rising in the stadium　 （当我们看到国旗在体育场升起时）. 2.Watching the shore in the distance， I felt powerless as if we were tiny boats 　at the mercy of strong waves　 （任由巨浪摆布）. 3.No one standing here， a wave of disappointment 　took possession of　 （控制） me deeply. Ⅰ.品句填词 1.She has little chance to win the election as her 　opponent　 （对手） is too strong. 2.Suddenly， he tripped over a tree 　log　 （原木） and rolled into the river. 3.We learn Chinese， maths， English， physics， chemistry， history， 　politics　 （政治）， geography， and so on. 4.I have mastered the skills of playing volleyball.　Meanwhile　 （与此同时）， I have made more friends. 5.The government has given top priority to reforming the 　tax　 （税） system. Ⅱ.词形转换 1.As for our arrangement， we will invite 　professional　 （profession） teachers to join us and give us guidance on English skills. 2.A 　mixture　 （mix） of fear and mercy seized me，which made me like a cat on hot bricks. 3.Luckily， the people who had lost their homes and 　possessions　 （possess） were well taken care of. 4.The audience stayed silent， listened to me carefully and gave me a big round of 　applause　 （applaud） at the end. 5.My opponent gave me a 　merciful　 （mercy） look without saying anything. Ⅲ.固定搭配和句式 1.His father is a doctor 　by　 profession and has saved countless lives during his career. 2.He always logs 　in/on　 early in the morning to check his emails and start his workday. 3.The sea is home 　to　 life， not human beings’ possessions and we should protect it rather than exploit it too much. 4.As can be seen from the picture， a young man is burdened with such heavy work 　that　 it seems as if he can hardly bear it any more. 5.I’m wondering if you’re available.If not， please let me know in advance 　so that I can make adjustment　 （以便我可以做出调整） accordingly. Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 A.vt.利用（……为自己谋利） B.vt.剥削 C.vt.发挥　 D.vt.开采 1.exploit ①What can be done to stop employers from exploiting employees？　　B　 ②The new TV companies are fully exploiting the potential of satellite transmission.　　C　 ③The bad news is that the land is being exploited improperly.　　D　 ④He refused to exploit his father’s name to get himself a better job.　　A　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 2.Unfortunately， the poor man died after suffering a cardiac （心脏的） arrest.　n.停止　 3.Critics accused him of murdering the English language.　vt.糟蹋；毁坏　 4.The government must take immediate action to address the housing shortage， especially for low-income families.　vt.处理　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2024·河北邯郸高二下期末）Lynda Doughty， a marine biologist， developed a passion for marine wildlife during her childhood.Growing up along the coast of Maine， she witnessed the impact of human activity on marine mammals and she made it her life’s work to protect them.“I feel this intense responsibility to help these animals，” Lynda said.“And， really， this is what I was put on this Earth to do.” 　　Harbor seals are among the most common mammals found along the East Coast， and they face various threats to their wellbeing， including fishing nets and illegal feeding， chemical pollutants， as well as boat and propeller （螺旋桨） injuries. 　　Earlier in her career， she worked for a marine mammal emergency response organisation that eventually closed due to lack of funding.To fill the gap left by the group， Lynda started her own non-profit organisation — Marine Mammals of Maine in 2011.It has since provided response and medical care for more than 3，000 marine mammals. 　　Lynda’s team operates a 24-hour hotline that responds to calls regarding marine mammals in danger.Their permit allows them to respond to mammals stranded （搁浅） within 2，500 miles of the coastline， and her team only offers help if the mammal is in critical condition.Critically ill mammals are transported to Lynda’s center and nursed back to health.Seals typically require three or more months of professional care treatment before they are released back into the ocean. 　　In addition to mammal rescues， Marine Mammals of Maine conducts important research to learn about marine mammal habitats and human impacts.Marine mammals can give us clues about the ocean’s health， which ultimately affects human well-being as well.The organisation also helps promote marine conservation among youth and the local community.In addition， they instruct the public on what to do， and what not to do， when encountering wild species like harbor seals. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了琳达·多尔蒂从小热爱海洋野生动物，在成为海洋生物学家后，她成立了非营利机构救助海豹的故事。 1.What do Lynda’s words mean in paragraph 1？（　　） A.She was born along the coast of Maine. B.She ignored the impact of human activity. C.She did her work with a sense of mission. D.She protected marine wildlife at a young age. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一段末句可知，琳达觉得自己有责任帮助这些动物，做应该做的事情。由此可推断，她带着使命感在工作。 2.Why did Lynda set up Marine Mammals of Maine in 2011？（　　） A.To earn more money. B.To replace the group. C.To make the group a non-profit organisation. D.To restart marine mammal emergency response. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，琳达在2011年成立了缅因州海洋哺乳动物协会是因为要重启海洋哺乳动物应急响应。 3.What can we learn about Lynda’s team from paragraph 4？（　　） A.It only treats critically ill seals. B.It rescues marine mammals in danger. C.It protects all endangered marine mammals. D.It stops people from fishing marine mammals. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第四段前两句可知，琳达的团队拯救处于危险中的海洋哺乳动物。 4.What’s the purpose of paragraph 5？（　　） A.To state younger generations need to be instructed. B.To stress the severe situations that marine life faces. C.To mention other social contributions of Lynda’s team. D.To show humans have a great impact on marine mammals. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第五段首句和末句可知，本段目的在于提及琳达团队的其他社会贡献。 B 　　（2025·广东高二下期中）Native to southwest China， pandas are famous for their love of bamboo， spending up to 16 hours a day consuming this fast-growing plant.Pandas have puzzled biologists for decades with their bamboo-only diet.Despite having digestive systems typical of meat-consuming animals， pandas have adapted to a diet that is almost entirely plant-based. 　　A recent study published in the journal Frontiers by researchers from China West Normal University demonstrates how this is possible.The study reveals that bamboo contains microRNA （miRNA）， a genetic material that pandas absorb into their bloodstream.This miRNA plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression， influencing pandas’ growth， behavior and immune （免疫） responses. 　　Dr Li Feng， a senior author of the study， explains in a statement that miRNA also affects pandas’ sense of smell， taste， and dopamine （多巴胺） pathways， all of which are closely linked to their feeding habits.The researchers believe that by the time a baby panda grows up， it will develop the ability to pick the freshest and most nutritious bamboo， which enables it to adapt to a plant-based diet.The research team analysed blood samples from six pandas， identifying 57 kinds of miRNAs likely coming from bamboo.These findings suggest that miRNA is key to pandas’ adaptation to their unique diet. 　　The study also highlights the potential broader implications of this discovery.By understanding how plant miRNA affects animals， scientists may be able to develop new treatments or preventive measures for diseases.The panda’s diet consists almost entirely of bamboo leaves， stems and shoots.And only about 1％ of their food comes from other plants， according to the World Wildlife Fund （WWF）.This research not only deepens our understanding of pandas but also opens new ways for exploring the interactions between plant and animal biology. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国科学家关于大熊猫食竹习性的最新研究发现。 5.What aspect of pandas is focused on in the research？（　　） A.Physical growth.　 B.Social behavior. C.Hunting strategies.　 D.Genetic adaptation. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章大意以及第一段末句可知，文章主要讲述了西华师范大学的研究人员发表在《前沿》杂志上的一项研究，揭示了熊猫尽管有典型的肉食动物消化系统，却能适应几乎全是植物性食物的饮食的原因，这属于基因适应方面的内容。 6.How do pandas adapt to their plant-based diet over time？（　　） A.By learning to select bamboo. B.By increasing their consumption. C.By reducing their reliance on plants. D.By developing stronger digestive systems. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，研究人员认为当熊猫宝宝长大后，它将具备挑选最新鲜、最有营养的竹子的能力，这使它们能够适应植物性饮食。 7.What may be the positive impact of the finding in the future？（　　） A.Increasing the panda population. B.Developing new medical treatments. C.Changing pandas’ digestive systems. D.Improving bamboo planting techniques. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，通过了解植物微小核糖核酸（miRNA）如何影响动物，科学家可能能够开发出治疗或预防疾病的新方法。 8.What is the author’s attitude towards the outcome of the study？（　　） A.Curious.　 B.Critical. C.Optimistic.　 D.Doubtful. 解析：C　观点态度题。根据最后一段末句可知，作者认为这项研究不仅加深了我们对熊猫的理解，还为探索植物和动物生物学之间的相互作用开辟了新途径，同时提到了对疾病治疗的潜在意义。由此可推断，作者对这项研究的结果持乐观态度。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　Even though we’re big fans of seafood， most of us are still wondering what’s safe， what’s poisonous， and what’s about to be fished off the face of the Earth.Celia Barbour dives into the matter of safety and sustainability and comes up with five guidelines. 　　Eat at the bottom of the food chain. 　　Smaller fish don’t build up as many pollutants as large fish.9.（　　） This means that their populations can recover from overfishing much more easily than the long-lived giants. 　　10.（　　） The wider the variety of fish you eat， the more you’ll reduce your exposure to any one pollutant and ease the pressure on a particular species. 　　Look for the Marine Stewardship Council （MSC） stamp of approval. 　　This independent certification （鉴定） organisation sends its detectives around the world to examine wild-capture fisheries.11.（　　） A list of retailers （零售商） carrying MSC-certified seafood can be found at eng.msc.org. 　　Buy Alaskan. 　　“Broadly speaking， Alaska has the best-managed fisheries of any region in the world，” says Barbour.12.（　　） Look for Alaskan salmon （鲑鱼）， and consider replacing half the canned tuna （金枪鱼） in your diet with canned Alaskan salmon. 　　Try something new. 　　The next time you visit a restaurant， order an unfamiliar fish.“You aren’t going to go into a grocery store and buy something you’ve never tasted before，” says Barbour.“13.（　　） There are hundreds of species of edible seafood， but most restaurants offer only 10 or 12， tops.By making something unfamiliar taste good， chefs can sell a solution.” A.Carry a fish list. B.Diversify your seafood diet. C.Small fish also reproduce quickly. D.Everyone is confused about fish and seafood these days. E.They give their label only to the leading lights in the field. F.At a restaurant， entertainment is part of what you’re paying for. G.Today their wild seafood populations are healthy in every sense of the word. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了选购海鲜时的注意事项。 9.C　空后一句对空处进行解释说明。与寿命长的巨型鱼类相比，小鱼的种群更容易从过度捕捞中恢复过来，故C项符合语境，C项中的reproduce与下文中的recover相呼应。 10.B　空处是该段主旨句，是对下文的概括总结。根据下文可知，空处应该与食用多种多样的海产品有关，故B项符合语境。B项中的Diversify与下文中的The wider the variety相呼应。 11.E　空处是对上文的补充说明。根据该段小标题和上文可知，你需要寻找带有海洋管理委员会水产品认证的海产品，空处应该与带有该认证标签的水产品有关，故E项符合语境。E项中的label与上文中的stamp of approval相呼应，且E项中的field指代上文中的wild-capture fisheries。 12.G　空处承上启下。根据上下文可知，阿拉斯加拥有全世界管理最完善的捕鱼业，空处与阿拉斯加的海产品健康情况有关，故G项符合语境。G项中的healthy与上文中的best-managed相呼应。 13.F　空处是对上文的补充说明。根据上下文可知，下次去饭店吃饭时你可以点一种没尝过的鱼试试，空处应与饭店会给你带来不同的体验感有关，故F项符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·湖南部分校高二下检测）At James Madison High School in Virginia， a group of freshman students gave their beloved custodian （管理员）， Francis Apraku， a birthday surprise he would never 　14　.Francis， originally from Ghana， moved to the US ten years ago and has become a（n） 　15　 of the school community.His 　16　 kindness and friendliness have left a lasting 　17　 on the students.“Ever since we met Francis， he has been super kind and 　18　，” one student shared.When asked about his birthday 　19　， Francis mentioned his lifelong dream of owning a new car， though he thought it was far beyond his 　20　. 　　　21　 to make his dream come true， a group of students started a GoFundMe 　22　 to raise the funds.In just a short amount of time， they 　23　 over $20，000.On Monday， they 　24　 Francis with a brand-new car.Tears of joy 　25　 Francis’ face as he saw the 　26　.Falling to the ground in 　27　， he added， “I don’t believe this is happening in my life.” The students were excited to give back to someone who had shown them so much kindness.“　28　， he’s more than a custodian， he’s a friend to us.His kindness is contagious （有感染力的）， and we just said， ‘Let’s get him a new car’，” explained freshman Bennett Hibshman. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了弗吉尼亚詹姆斯·麦迪逊高中的学生得知管理员弗朗西斯·阿普拉库的生日愿望是拥有一辆新车，众筹助其圆梦的故事。 14.A.display　 B.return C.admit　 D.forget 解析：D　根据上文a birthday surprise可知，这个惊喜是他永远不会忘记的。 15.A.leader　 B.part C.example　 D.hero 解析：B　根据下文他和学生们的友好相处可知，他成了学校社区的一部分。 16.A.infectious　 B.astonishing C.temporary　 D.deadly 解析：A　根据下文His kindness is contagious可知，他的善良是有感染力的。 17.A.peace　 B.burden C.decision　 D.impact 解析：D　根据上文的kindness and friendliness可推知，他的善良和友好给学生们留下了持久的影响。 18.A.ambitious　 B.intelligent C.friendly　 D.sympathetic 解析：C　根据上文His 　16　 kindness and friendliness可知，此处指他善良且友好。 19.A.party　 B.card C.wish　 D.trip 解析：C　根据下文Francis mentioned his lifelong dream of owning a new car可知，这里指当被问到他的生日愿望时。 20.A.expectation　 B.means C.knowledge　 D.control 解析：B　根据上文Francis mentioned his lifelong dream of owning a new car可知，这里表示他觉得买新车超出了他的经济能力。beyond one’s means为固定短语，意为“超出某人的财力”。 21.A.Confident　 B.Curious C.Inspired　 D.Determined 解析：D　根据下文a group of students started a GoFundMe 　22　 to raise the funds可知，学生们决心让他的梦想成真。 22.A.campaign　 B.adventure C.procedure　 D.trial 解析：A　结合常识可知，GoFundMe是一个众筹平台，所以这里是发起了一场众筹活动。 23.A.wasted　 B.gathered C.saved　 D.earned 解析：B　根据上文to raise the funds可知，这里指学生们筹集到了两万多美元。 24.A.confused　 B.fascinated C.surprised　 D.embarrassed 解析：C　根据首段首句可知，学生们送他车是为了给他惊喜。 25.A.pulled up　 B.streamed down C.rushed off　 D.broke out 解析：B　根据空前Tears of joy可知，当他看到学生们送给他的礼物时，他流下了喜悦的泪水。 26.A.gift　 B.answer C.grade　 D.pay 解析：A　参见上题解析。 27.A.disbelief　 B.doubt C.advance　 D.panic 解析：A　根据下文I don’t believe this is happening in my life.可知，他不相信这是真的。in disbelief意为“难以置信地”。 28.A.Importantly　 B.Hopefully C.Obviously　 D.Fortunately 解析：C　根据下文he’s more than a custodian， he’s a friend to us并结合学生们对弗朗西斯的描述以及和他的相处可知，显然他不仅仅是一个管理员，而是他们的朋友。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $null