UNIT 3 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language

复习动词不定式

　　As we all know，it’s important to master a foreign language①.However，Lin Tao found it difficult to learn English②，leaving him at a loss.He was always busy and had a lot of homework given by his English teacher to do③.There was an urgent need to improve his learning efficiency④ in order to keep up with the teacher’s pace⑤.One day，his teacher advised him to sign up for⑥ an online course，whose aim was to improve students’ enthusiasm for learning⑦ and it provided useful learning methods.To improve his English performance⑧，he worked day and night，focusing on his course and practicing hard.

1.上面黑体部分均是动词不定式。

①在句中作主语；

②在句中作宾语；

⑥在句中作宾语补足语；

⑦在句中作表语；

③④在句中作定语；

⑤⑧在句中作目的状语。

2.动词不定式的一般式结构为to do。

——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观

　　动词不定式的基本构成是“to＋动词原形”。to是不定式符号，无词义。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词和动词的特征。它可以在句中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分。

一、动词不定式的时态和语态

【先感悟】

①（教材典句） To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today.

②I felt very happy to have received the gift sent by you last Sunday.

③The little boy pretended to be reading the book when his mother entered the room.

④There’s something highly exciting about escaping someone else’s sight and making yourself unable to be seen when playing hide and seek.

【会发现】

上述例句中的动词不定式的形式分别是　一般式　、　完成式　、　进行式　和　被动形式　。

【善归纳】

【运用练】　单句语法填空

①As a high school freshman， I am honored 　to have entered　 （enter） a new chapter in my life.

②（2023·1月浙江卷）If you’re looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle， not everyone around you will be ready 　to jump　 （jump） on that bandwagon.

③As scheduled， the contest is 　to be held　 （hold） on 18 November， from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m.

④The work is believed to 　have been done　 （do） perfectly， which is a great relief to the manager.

二、动词不定式的句法功能

【先感悟】

①（教材典句）To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations.

②But no matter when you travel， it’s a good idea to make your reservations at least 1 to 3 months in advance.

③Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance.

④On behalf of our Student Union， I sincerely invite you to participate in an English Speech Contest and serve as a judge.

⑤（教材典句）The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world.

⑥We are to meet at the school gate at eight on Saturday morning， where a bus will be waiting to pick us up.

⑦（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）Cycling is the most economical， sustainable and fun way to explore the city.

⑧（教材典句）Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come.

⑨（教材典句）China has invested billions in systems and services along these routes， which will help to greatly develop the whole area for the benefit of future trade and cultural exchange.

⑩What I want to know is when we’re going to get paid.

⑪Students will work in groups to complete four assignments during the course.

⑫I am sorry to know you argued with your mother about whether you should surf the Internet or not.

【会发现】

（1）句①②中的动词不定式在句中作　主语　；

（2）句③④中的动词不定式在句中作　宾语补足语　；

（3）句⑤⑥中的动词不定式在句中作　表语　；

（4）句⑦⑧中的动词不定式在句中作　定语　；

（5）句⑨⑩中的动词不定式在句中作　宾语　；

（6）句⑪⑫中的动词不定式在句中作　状语　。

【善归纳】

动词不定式在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语，多表示具体的或某次具体的行为。

1.动词不定式作主语

动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。为了保持句子平衡，往往把主语放在后面，而用it作形式主语。

2.动词不定式作表语

动词不定式作表语时须放在系动词后面，表示具体的动作或将来的动作。这些系动词主要是be动词（am、 is、 are、 was、 were、 been等）和表象类系动词（seem、 appear等）。

名师点津