UNIT 1 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language(教用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义核心复习被动语态，涵盖现在完成时、现在进行时等多种时态的被动结构，使用注意事项（如复合宾语、双宾语转换）及主动表被动特殊用法，通过“形式—意义—使用”三维语法观，构建从实例感知到规则归纳再到应用练习的学习支架。 资料特色在于采用“先感悟-会发现-善归纳-运用练”四步教学法，结合高考真题实例（如2024北京卷语法填空），提升语言能力，培养思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后通过基础题型、语段写作等练习帮助学生巩固，查漏补缺，发展学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 复习被动语态 　　Are you ready to get fit？ We are happy to announce that the Community Sports Center will soon be open to the public once again. Our facilities have been enlarged① and redone， and our center is now bigger and better than ever before. The finishing touches are now being put② to a new swimming pool and our workout rooms will have been updated③ with modern equipment by the end of this month. Come by and check them out！ Better still，we will update our fitness courses every few months so that more popular courses can be included. Weight training classes，for example，are being designed④ and will be added⑤ to our programme soon. We will invite professional athletes to be our coaches. We are confident that we have something for everyone. Looking forward to seeing you here！ 上面黑体部分均使用了被动语态。 句①是现在完成时的被动语态，其构成是have/has been done； 句②和句④是现在进行时的被动语态，其构成是am/is/are being done； 句③是将来完成时的被动语态，其构成是will/shall have been done； 句⑤是一般将来时的被动语态，其构成是will/shall be done。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、各种时态的被动语态形式 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human， and it was disturbing. ②（教材典句）Claire thought it was ridiculous that she was being offered sympathy by a robot， but she gradually admired his wisdom and integrity and began to trust him. ③（教材典句）As he was not allowed to accompany her to the shops， he wrote out a list of things that he would need for his work on the house. ④The children are asked to clean their room every day. ⑤A number of houses have been destroyed over the last 3 years. ⑥This land will be protected and available for all generations to come. 【会发现】 以上各句中的黑体部分均为被动语态。 （1）句①、句②中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　was＋being＋动词过去分词　； （2）句③中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　was＋动词过去分词　； （3）句④中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　are＋动词过去分词　； （4）句⑤中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　have＋been＋动词过去分词　； （5）句⑥中被动语态的谓语动词的构成为：　will＋be＋动词过去分词　。 【善归纳】 使用被动语态的句子，谓语动词的形式是“be＋动词过去分词”，被动语态的时态体现在系动词be上。常见的被动语态形式如下表： 时态 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/are done am/is/arebeing done has/havebeen done 过去 was/were done was/werebeing done had been done 将来 shall/willbe done shall/willhave been done 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①（2024·北京卷）On April 5， 2024， John Tinniswood 　was named　 （name） the world’s oldest living man. ②（2023·1月浙江卷）Citizens of higher social classes 　were permitted　 （permit） to live closer to the center of the circles. ③（2023·天津卷）The wooden tower that 　is being restored　 （restore） will be open to tourists soon， and the work is almost finished. ④A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who 　had been trapped　 （trap） in the mountains for two days. 二、使用被动语态应注意的问题 【先感悟】 ①When the mother saw her daughter being taken good care of， she was very happy. →When her daughter was seen being taken good care of， the mother was very happy. ②His words made me feel happy. →I was made to feel happy by his words. ③My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I’m being told an interesting story by my father now. ④The nursing worker took good care of the old man， which reassured us much. →The old man was taken good care of by the nursing worker， which reassured us much. ⑤As far as I’m concerned， everyone must be treated equally in education. 【会发现】 （1）句①、句②中，主动语态变为被动语态时，　宾语　变为主语，　宾语补足语　不动； （2）句③中，　直接宾语　和　间接宾语　均可作主语，构成被动语态； （3）句④中，当谓语动词为固定的短语时，变为被动语态时　不能　把动词短语拆开； （4）句⑤中，含有情态动词的被动语态的构成为：　情态动词＋be＋动词过去分词　。 【善归纳】 （1）谓语动词带有复合宾语的主动句转换为被动句时，应将宾语变为被动句的主语，而将补足语保留不动（这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语）。 名师点津 在主动语态中，make、hear、see等词后接动词不定式时要省略to，但在被动语态中，则不能省略to。 （2）带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的（直接）宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的（间接）宾语，或将表示人的（间接）宾语变为主语。 （3）动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 （4）含有情态动词的谓语的被动语态由“情态动词＋be＋动词过去分词”构成。 【运用练】　单句语法填空/将句子改为被动语态 ①（2024·全国甲卷）What should 　be done　 （do） with such a beautiful place？ ②（2024·1月浙江卷）However， though it’s nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages， it would help even more if they could sometimes 　be offered　（offer） in smaller packs. ③He can’t have been off long， for I heard him make a call in the passage just now. →He can’t have been off long， for he 　was heard to make a call　 in the passage （by me） just now. ④Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. →These precious natural resources 　had been taken care of by native Americans wisely. ⑤While I tend to buy a lot of books， they gave me these three as gifts， which might add to the meaning I attach to them. →While I tend to buy a lot of books， these three 　were given to me as gifts　， which might add to the meaning I attach to them. 三、主动形式表示被动意义 【先感悟】 ①The idea sounds fine in theory， but will it work？ ②This kind of cloth washes easily and lasts long. ③My wife tells me that this ladder needs repairing. ④I think the novel is worth reading again. ⑤I have a lot of work to do at present. ⑥The water is not fit to drink， so hold out until we get to the shop. 【会发现】 以上各句中的黑体部分均为主动形式但表示　被动　意义。 【善归纳】 （1）连系动词如look、sound、smell、feel、taste、remain、seem、hear、appear、prove等后接表语时，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。 （2）当wash、write、sell、open、close、shut、lock、cook、cut等不及物动词后加easily、well等副词时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。 （3）“need/want/require/deserve/ ...＋doing”结构用主动形式表示被动意义。 （4）“be worth doing”结构用主动形式表示被动意义。 （5）动词不定式作定语与被修饰的名词或代词之间构成动宾关系，且句中出现动作的逻辑主语时，要用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 （6）在“主语＋be＋形容词＋动词不定式”句型中，形容词后跟动词不定式作状语，而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用动词不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。此句型常用的形容词有amusing、comfortable、dangerous、difficult、easy、fit、hard、important、impossible、interesting、nice、pleasant、funny等。 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①His books 　sell　 （sell） well， so they will be sold out soon. ②The pen my father gave me as a birthday gift 　writes　 （write） smoothly. ③These small trees need 　taking/to be taken　 （take） good care of. Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.To make way for the wide street， these houses need 　pulling/to be pulled　 （pull） down. 2.Mr Smith felt upset for 　being turned　 （turn） away from the concert he had longed for. 3.We are confident that the environment 　will be improved　 （improve） by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 4.I have to go to work by taxi because my car 　is being repaired　 （repair） at the garage. 5.I was made 　to realise　（realise） what terrible problems we would face by the shocking news. 6.The historical novel 　to be published　 （publish） next month is based on a true story. Ⅱ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用被动语态 　　The Wandering Earth is a science fiction novel which 1.　is written by Liu Cixin　 （刘慈欣所写）.It 2.　is considered as　 （被认为是） one of the best science fiction stories. After the novel 3.　was published　 （被出版）， it drew wide attention. The story of the novel 4.　is based on science　 （基于科学），imagination and personal experience. The novel 5.　has been translated into many languages　 （已被翻译成许多种语言） so far. Now it 6.　is being read by people all over the world　 （正被全世界的人们阅读） and it 7.　will be treasured by future generations　 （将被未来的几代人珍惜）. ◇on a ...basis 根据；以……的方式（基准） 教材原句　money paid for work or services， typically on a daily or weekly basis 为工作或服务支付的钱，通常是以每天或每周的方式支付 【用法】 （1）on a daily/weekly basis　每天/每周 on the basis of ...　　以……为基础 （2）base ...on/upon　　把……置于……基础之上 be based on/upon　　以……为基础 【佳句】　In fact， David practiced on a regular basis，to get prepared for the coming running race. 事实上，大卫经常练习，为即将到来的跑步比赛做好准备。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①　Based　 on my own experience， I call on all of you to read the English newspaper on a regular 　basis　. （base） ②You should base your conclusion 　on/upon　 careful research. 【写美】　完成句子 ③He 　visits his grandparents on a weekly basis　 to show his care and love， which makes them very happy. 他每周看望他的祖父母以表达他的关心和爱，这让他们非常开心。 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.From the activity， I learn that at present the environment 　is being destroyed　 （destroy） because of people’s harmful activities. 2.It was a coincidence that the motorcyclist’s mother 　was being treated　 （treat） at that moment in the same hospital. 3.On the last day of our week-long stay， we 　were invited　 （invite） to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm. 4.The contest 　will be held　 （hold） next Sunday， which will begin at 6：30 pm and last for 3 hours. 5.Each student has his or her strengths and weaknesses， which needs 　to be respected/respecting　 （respect）. 6.Shakespeare’s play Hamlet 　has been made　 （make）into at least ten films of different versions over the past years. 7.Everybody 　is required　 （require） to show your talents， so you need to prepare a program in advance. 8.He was extremely delighted to hear that he would 　be given　 （give） a doctor’s degree. 9.The poems， whose topics can be sports， diet and school life， must 　be written　 （write） in English. 10.Our school’s English Week 　was launched　 （launch） last week to arouse our passion for English learning. 11.（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I 　was informed　 （inform）that I won the first prize in the writing contest and that there would be an award presentation in two days. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.They are living with their parents for the moment because 　their own house is being rebuilt　. 他们现在暂时和父母住在一起，因为他们自己的房子正在重建。 2.With the New Year approaching， 　a party will be held in the school lecture hall　 on Sunday. 随着新年的临近，一个派对将于周日在学校演讲大厅举办。 3.So far， more than 2，000 graduates of Zhang Guimei’s school 　have been admitted to/into　 colleges and their fates 　have been changed completely　 by her. 到目前为止，张桂梅所在的学校已经有两千多名毕业生考上了大学，她们的命运完全被她改变了。 4.Today Chinese，　which is taught in many schools　 around the world，is becoming more and more popular. 现在汉语变得越来越受欢迎了，全世界许多学校都在教（汉语）。 5.　Many trees and flowers were planted　 in our school last year， making our school a beautiful garden. 去年我们学校种了许多树和花，使我们学校成了一个美丽的花园。 6.The new school 　had been designed　 by the end of last month. 这座新学校已于上个月底设计完毕。 Ⅰ.完形填空 　　（2025·河北邢台名校协作体高二下期中）I was once troubled by scars.But now I find it funny when people are 　1　 of the scars they have on their bodies. To me， scars shine a light on who a person 　2　 is. 　　I was born in the year 2000. Ten days after I was born， I had my first surgery， 　3　 my first of many scars. I consider myself to be quite different because my 　4　 are rare and very few people have the same scar as I do. It’s 　5　， like me. 　　Then， after several more months of going in and out of the hospital I received my biggest and most 　6　 scar from a six-hour open-heart surgery. This one 　7　 all the way vertically down my chest. 　8　， the heart is a symbol of love， so I see this scar as representative of my 　9　 to love and my perseverance. Today， I am completely healthy. 　10　 I still go to the hospital for yearly check-ups， my heart condition does not hinder （阻碍） my abilities in any way. If it weren’t for my 　11　， nobody would know I am any different from the next person. 　　The thing is， I 　12　 my scars. I wear them as badges of courage and survival. I often 　13　 why they would want to hide their best stories. I don’t know why they call their survival an 　14　. If you have a scar， big or small， be 　15　. It’s part of who you are. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者通过讲述自己的经历和感受，表达了对伤疤的态度和看法。 1.A.emotive　 B.conscious C.ashamed　 D.independent 解析：C　根据常识可知，此处表示人对于自己身上的伤疤感到羞耻。 2.A.constantly　 B.naturally C.suddenly　 D.truly 解析：D　根据下文It’s part of who you are.可知，此处表示对作者来说，伤疤照亮了一个人的真正本质。 3.A.removing　 B.gaining C.analyzing　 D.seizing 解析：B　根据上文I had my first surgery可知，作者出生十天就做了一个手术，所以得到了第一个伤疤。 4.A.inferences　 B.emotions C.conditions　 D.divisions 解析：C　根据very few people have the same scar as I do可知，作者的情况与别人不同。 5.A.shallow　 B.unique C.protective　 D.intense 解析：B　根据上文I consider myself to be quite different可知，作者认为自己与众不同，所以它是独特的。 6.A.meaningful　 B.mysterious C.tolerable　 D.cruel 解析：A　根据下文the heart is a symbol of love可知，作者认为心脏象征着爱，因此这道在心脏附近的伤疤对作者来说很有意义。 7.A.runs　 B.disappears C.leads　 D.moves 解析：A　根据上文a six-hour open-heart surgery可知，这个伤疤是一个开胸手术之后留下的伤疤，因此伤疤垂直向下一直延伸到作者的胸口。 8.A.Literally　 B.Eventually C.Typically　 D.Alternatively 解析：C　根据下文the heart is a symbol of love可知，心对人们来说意味着爱，这是人们通常的认知。 9.A.ability　 B.dream C.application　 D.plan 解析：A　根据上文可知，作者经历了6个小时手术留下了这道伤疤，因此这代表着作者具备坚持的能力和爱的能力。 10.A.When　 B.As C.Because　 D.Although 解析：D　根据下句可知，此处连词引导让步关系，表达前后句的转折含义，即虽然经常出入医院，但作者的心脏状况丝毫不妨碍作者的能力。 11.A.accidents　 B.wish C.scars　 D.nerves 解析：C　根据上文可知，作者经历了一场大手术留下了这个伤疤，这个伤疤是作者不同于其他人的证明。 12.A.love　 B.forget C.avoid　 D.cure 解析：A　根据下句可知，作者把它们当作自己勇气和生存的象征，因此作者爱自己的伤疤。 13.A.repair　 B.wonder C.describe　 D.inform 解析：B　根据why they would want to hide their best stories可知，人们总是想要隐藏自己的伤疤，但是作者却爱自己的伤疤，因此这里指作者对此感到不解。 14.A.advantage　 B.absence C.innovation　 D.imperfection 解析：D　根据上文可知，人们想要隐藏自己的伤疤，因为他们认为伤疤很丑，在自己身上意味着自己不完美。 15.A.guilty　 B.aware C.envious　 D.proud 解析：D　根据上文I wear them as badges of courage and survival.以及下文It’s part of who you are.可知，作者认为伤疤象征着自己的勇气，因此作者以此感到自豪。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　（2025·重庆名校联盟高二下期中）The automotive industry is undergoing a profound transformation， and new energy vehicles （NEVs） lie at the heart of this revolution. In recent years， new energy vehicles 16.　　　　　　 （gain） significant popularity worldwide. This trend is driven by a growing awareness of environmental protection and 17.　　　　　　 urgent need to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. 　　NEVs 18.　　　　　　 （main） consist of electric vehicles （EVs）， hybrid electric vehicles （HEVs），and fuel cell vehicles （FCVs），among 19.　　　　　　 EVs are rapidly becoming the top choice for many consumers. Thanks to technological advancements， the driving range of EVs has been extended， with their charging times 20.　　　　　 （shorten）. The Chinese government has taken measures to encourage car 21.　　　　　　 （manufacturer） to produce more NEVs， and increase consumers’ confidence in these vehicles. 　　However， challenges remain. The construction of charging infrastructure is still insufficient， 22.　　　　　　 （make） it inconvenient for some EV owners to charge their vehicles. Additionally， the high cost of battery production limits the affordability 23.　　　　　　 some NEVs. Despite these challenges， new energy vehicles 24.　　　　　 （expect） to replace traditional internal combustion engine vehicles gradually and lead the way towards a 25.　　　　　　 （clean） and more sustainable future. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球新能源汽车的发展趋势、类型、技术进步、政府措施及面临的挑战，展望其替代传统燃油车的前景。 16.have gained　根据时间状语In recent years可知，空处应用现在完成时，主语new energy vehicles为复数，助动词用have。 17.an　此处泛指“迫切需求”，需用不定冠词修饰单数名词need， 且urgent的发音以元音音素开头。 18.mainly　修饰动词consist需用副词，表示“主要地”。 19.which　空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词electric vehicles （EVs）， hybrid electric vehicles （HEVs）， and fuel cell vehicles （FCVs），在定语从句中作介词among的宾语。 20.shortened　times与shorten之间为被动关系（时间被缩短），应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 21.manufacturers　car manufacturer表示“汽车制造商”，此处泛指多家制造商，需用复数形式。 22.making　前半句描述现状，后半句为结果状语，表主动关系（基础设施不足导致不便），应用动词-ing形式making。 23.of　the affordability of sth 为固定搭配，表示“某物的可负担性”。 24.are expected　主语new energy vehicles与expect之间为被动关系，且陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时的被动语态。 25.cleaner　根据and more sustainable可知，此处需用形容词的比较级与more sustainable并列作定语。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $