专题12 阅读理解说明文（复习讲义）（福建专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题12 阅读理解说明文（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 细节事实题 考点二 推理推断题 考点三 词句猜测题 考点四 主旨大意题 考点五 篇章结构题 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 题量分值：必考 1 篇，5 小题，共10 分。 文体特点：介绍事物、科普知识、文化习俗、方法建议，结构清晰、客观平实。 考查重点：细节查找、信息匹配、段落大意、推理判断、篇章结构。 难度：中等，词汇规范，长句略多。 热考角度 近年（2025年~2023年）考点为例 1. 高频主题： 科普常识、中外文化、学习方法、环保健康、生活技能。 高频考点： 2. 细节理解占比最高； 3. 段落主旨 / 段落大意题稳定出现； 4. 简单推理与作者态度。 5. 选材：贴近教材与生活，强调实用性与知识性。 命题预测 主题：继续聚焦科普、文化、环保、健康、学习生活。 考点：以细节 + 主旨为主，逻辑判断略有加强。 难度：保持稳定，更注重信息获取与语篇理解。 重难考向 考法解读 考向01 细节理解题 说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。 考向02 词义猜测题 考向03 推理判断题 考向04 主旨大意题 考向05 篇章结构题 考点一、细节理解题 （2025·福建·中考真题） Deep under the Pacific Ocean lie coral reefs colored by some algae that live with corals. Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy. In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. And it was believed that about 50 percent of reefs with beautiful corals might disappear by 2030. Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015—2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first. Maybe corals have found a way to adapt (适应). Swimming to cooler waters is not a good choice for corals, for it makes them easily hurt by the changing climate. But corals are able to adapt. Some turn to those algae that can deal well with heat. Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to “fan” away too much harmful oxygen  (O2) let out by stressed-out algae. Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms (新陈代谢) in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree. After studying and understanding these adaptations, scientists are trying to find ways to help corals fight. If researchers can make corals accept algae that can deal with heat pressure or if they energize genes (基因) that can deal with heat pressure, it will raise the corals’ chance of living through future ocean heat waves. “When I go down to the sea and see a beautiful healthy reef with these colorful corals, I feel this pleasure of being in this underwater world,” a famous biologist says. “It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight.” 1．What can we know from paragraph 1? A．Corals make algae more colorful. B．Algae provide room for corals to live in. C．Corals and algae depend on each other. D．Algae produce nitrogen to influence corals. 2．What does the underlined part “the first” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The heat wave in the early 1980s. B．The heat wave in the late 1990s. C．The Pacific waters in 2015—2016. D．The reefs’ disappearance by 2030. 3．What difficulty do corals face? A．They cannot completely adapt to heat waves. B．They cannot change their own metabolisms. C．They have no ability to swim to cooler waters. D．They have no ability to drive away harmful oxygen. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It’s necessary to live with corals. B．The ocean has become unhealthy. C．We should try our best to save corals. D．Making a study of the ocean is a must. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Corals Die Out B．Corals Fight Back C．Corals Break Down D．Corals Come into Being 要点梳理 细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。 做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。 典例验知 【示例1】 ........................ But he didn’t stop there. Liam has another project called Legos (乐高) of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then sorted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters. One thing is certain: This now 12-year-old knows how to pay it forward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches of Love is an example of how even something as simple as a sandwich can change the world. 7．How did Liam help the children at homeless shelters? A．By raising money for them. B．By making sandwiches for them. C．By buying old toys for them. D．By creating a project called Legos of Love. 【示例2】 The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it. “The art is environmentally friendly, and it makes our city lives warmer and more colorful,” said Xia Xin, one of the knitting artists. 34．Why is the art environmentally friendly? A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed. B．Because the art made the city lives more colorful. C．Because the art made people feel the coming of spring. D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled. 做这类题目时，一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·福建宁德·期末）Do you want to learn about a special part of Chinese culture? The Min Dong She Ethnic (畲族) Museum in Ningde City is a great place to visit! It is very easy to get to because it is right across from the Ningde railway station. The museum was moved to this new building in 2022. It is a modern and interesting place for everyone. The museum first opened in 1989. It has a large number of old objects from the She people—over 5,000! Many of them are very important. The things you can see mostly tell the story of Ningde and the lives of the She people. You will find attractive traditional clothes, shiny silver accessories (银光闪闪的银饰), and old tools (工具). One very special thing to see is a group of old bowls. They came from a ship that went under the water a very long time ago, during the Yuan Dynasty. Inside, the museum has four big areas. Each one shows you something different: local history, old jobs like growing tea, important people from the area, and the rich culture of the She people. To make your visit more exciting, the museum uses cool technology like special pictures that look like real holograms (全息影像) and VR (虚拟现实). For example, you can watch a hologram of a She family celebration. You can also try VR to see how people practiced traditional sports. It makes you feel like you are part of the story! Visiting this museum is a wonderful experience. It helps you understand and respect the She people’s way of life. It is not just a building with old things—it is a fun journey into a living culture! 56．Where is the Min Dong She Ethnic Museum? A．It is next to Ningde City. B．It is in front of Ningde City. C．It is opposite to the Ningde railway station. D．It is on the right of the Ningde railway station. 57．What does the word “They” in the second paragraph refer to? A．The old bowls. B．The old tools. C．The She people. D．The traditional clothes. 58．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The history of the She people. B．The best way to get to the museum. C．The number of rooms in the museum. D．How the museum shows things to visitors. 59．Which of the following is an opinion from the text? A．The museum has over 5,000 old objects. B．Visiting the museum is a wonderful experience. C．The museum moved to a new building in 2022. D．The museum uses VR for a more exciting visit. 60．What can you infer (推断) about the museum? A．It is not open to the public. B．It is far away from the city center. C．It makes learning history fun and lively. D．It only shows things from the Yuan Dynasty. Passage 2 （2025·福建福州·三模）On May 19, 2025, Xiaomi had big news: its own—made 3nm XRING O1 chip (芯片) started large—scale production. This made Xiaomi the fourth company in the world— after Apple, Qualcomm, and MediaTek- to learn 3nm chip design. It’s China’s first success in 3nm chip design. It shows Chinese companies can make new things in the chip—making field. What does “3nm” mean? It talks about the size of tiny parts on a chip called transistors (晶体管). A nanometer (nm) is very, very small-one billionth of a meter. To understand, a human hair is 16,000 times thicker than a 3nm part. Making these chips needs putting billions of tiny transistors on a small silicon (硅) piece. Smaller transistors make chips work faster and use less power. But making them needs high—tech tools like EUV lithography machines, which China can’t make yet. Xiaomi began working on chips in 2014. In 2017, its first chip, the 28nm Surge S1, had some problems. Xiaomi’s CEO, Lei Jun, said, “To be a top company, we must control key technologies.” Xiaomi wants not to depend too much on foreign companies like Qualcomm. So it could better manage its supply chain and create products that people need. Over ten years. Xiaomi spent 13.5 billion yuan and built a team of 2,500 engineers to achieve this goal. This success helps China need fewer foreign chips and makes its supply chain safer. Experts say that although China still has challenges in chip-making, Xiaomi’s design success makes it a strong global competitor and encourages more research in China. As Lei Jun said, “Every step in technology brings us closer to a better future.” Xiaomi’s story shows that hard work and patience are the key to innovation (创新). 36．Why does Xiaomi want to make its own chips? A．To depend less on foreign companies. B．To sell chips to Apple and Qualcomm. C．To make chips cheaper than others. D．To stop making phones. 37．What’s good about 3nm chips? A．They are thicker than human hair. B．They use more power C．They work faster and save energy. D．They don’t need transistors 38．What does Xiaomi’s success show about Chinese companies? A．They can only follow foreign technologies. B．They can innovate in high-tech fields. C．They don’t need to research new things. D．They only make cheap products. 39．Which of the following statements is right? A．Xiaomi is the third company in the world to master 3nm chip design. B．Smaller transistors on chips make them work faster and use more power. C．Xiaomi’s 3nm chip is China’s first success in 3nm chip design D．Xiaomi spent 1.35 billion yuan on chip research over ten years. 40．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Xiaomi’s new chip is called XRING O1. B．How to make tiny transistors on a chip C．Lei Jun is the CEO of Xiaomi. D．Xiaomi’s success in making a 3nm chip and its meaning. 考点二、词句猜测题 （2025·福建·中考真题） As we often use eyes to touch nature, most of us “lose” the ability to listen to the world. Peter writes music. He likes sounds and uses natural sounds as part of his music. He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs. Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth. He called these recordings “soundscapes”—the sound of a certain place. Every soundscape Peter recorded had a lot of information. Back in his workshop, Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music. The busier the picture, the richer the life in that place. “While a picture may be worth 1,000 words, a soundscape is worth 1,000 pictures,” Peter said. “Our ears tell us the sound of every leaf and animal and speak to the natural sources (来源) of our lives, which may hold the secrets of love for all things, especially our own humanity.” But not everything is satisfying. When Peter began recording over forty years ago, he could record for ten hours and get one hour of usable material good enough for a movie. Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent. His sound pictures show that although nature might look the same to humans, it has lost part of its orchestra (管弦乐队). So next time you are in the forests, try another way to look—shut your eyes, and listen. 6．Why did Peter record natural sounds? A．To write songs for a music group. B．To discover rich lives in the forest. C．To use some of them in his music. D．To make music about birds singing. 7．What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Shut. B．Catch. C．Touch. D．Check. 8．What is a sound picture in the text? A．The sound of every leaf and animal in nature. B．The sound recorded in the natural environment. C．A picture of music with sounds of 1,000 animals. D．A picture of music with natural sounds in a place. 9．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Recording sounds needs less material. B．Sound pictures are the same as before. C．Some beautiful sounds in nature are lost. D．Human activities improve recording results. 10．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Nature is the source of our future. B．Nature has wonders to be heard. C．Making music enriches our lives. D．Making music needs information. 要点梳理 阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。 通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧（1）. 根据文中的解释（2）. 使用逗号、破折号和括号等（3）. 根据同位语或根据同等关系（4）. 根据语义的转折关系（5）. 根据因果关系（6）. 根据构词法知识 （7）. 根据常识，上下文逻辑 典例验知 【示例1】 According to a report from Douyin, the number of fitness videos in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while followers of fitness trainers went up by 208 percent compared with the year before. People often search online for simple exercises that are demonstrated by personal trainers. These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more. 41．What does the underlined word “demonstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．To build a dream. B．To give some advice. C．To show how something is done. D．To ask questions about something. 【示例2】 The process is simple. Using an app developed by Lee and his team, restaurants report how much leftover food they have each day, and then volunteers collect the food from these restaurants and deliver(投递) it to homeless shelters and food kitchens. In the end, the food will be delivered to those in need. Lee believes this is a very good way of delivery. 36．The underlined word “they” in the fourth paragraph refers to _________. A．volunteers B．restaurants C．Lee and his team D．people in need 解这类题型时，考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入语等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·福建厦门·期末） On Nov. 14, Gen Zers Research Center published a research report. After surveying Gen Zers (people born between 1995 and 2010) in 31 countries, the report shows that young people around the world are increasingly interested in China, attracted (吸引) by its culture, development and chances. Gen Zers not only love China’s traditional culture, but also experience it in creative ways. For example, after learning many Chinese customs and visiting historic places, Ukrainian artist Yelizaveta now tries to combine (结合) Chinese and Western art styles in her works. By studying the deeper meanings in Chinese paintings, she creates new works with a mixed style. They attract the attention of young people worldwide. Apart from culture and long history, Gen Zers are now interested in China’s modern life. Nguyen, a 22-year-old from Vietnam, visited the Great Wall during the National Day holiday. She said that China’s high-speed trains, together with public services totally changed her understanding of long travel. They stay well organized even during busy holidays. She also praised, “Mobile payments like Alipay and WeChat are not just convenient, they show the quality of modern life.” Gen Zers have also come to understand China’s growing role in the world. August Hagen from Norway noticed that China wins more trust and brings shared progress to the world. He said, “China has made great progress in recent years. It has more say internationally, which means more nations listen when China speaks up. This turns China into an active and key member of the global team, helping to build a better world with others.” 66．The research report on Nov. 14 tells us Gen Zers _________ China. A．show interest in B．want to live in C．bring chances to D．do research in 67．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．Chinese customs.B．Historic places. C．Deeper meanings. D．New works. 68．What changed Nguyen’s understanding of long travel? ①busy holidays    ②high-speed trains    ③public services    ④mobile payments A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 69．The underlined part “It has more say internationally” is the closest in meaning to _________. A．China’s voice is heard more B．China needs to help more C．China’s development is fast D．China brings shared progress 70．How does the writer develop the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By comparing facts. Passage 2 （2025·福建宁德·二模）When visitors in the Palace Museum need to sit down for a cup of tea or find a bathroom without a long line, they will be able to turn to their smartphones for the information they need. Thanks to an agreement signed by the museum and Huawei, a “smart network” will be built by using 5G technology. Under the agreement, 5G Wi-Fi signals will cover the Palace Museum. “It’s important to use the latest technology to better serve the public,” said Shan Jixiang, former director of the Palace Museum. “There is still much room for improvement in dealing with cultural relics (文物). I remember that when Along the River During the Qingming Festival was exhibited (展览) in 2015, some visitors waited in the lines for nearly a whole day to have a look. I don’t want that scenario to happen again,” Shan said, “Our work can be done in a more scientific way.” In the new system, more than 1.86 million of cameras are set up all over the Palace Museum to safeguard the museum’s precious relics. “How can we make sure no single visitor who might have bad ideas threatens these treasures?” Shan said, “After using 5G technology, we can immediately notice movement about the relics to prevent such threats.” The 5G network will also be used to improve remote (远程的) meetings through webcams, in which scholars will discuss together to find the best answers for repair and store issues. 11．What does the underlined word “scenario” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Invitation. B．Situation. C．Education. D．Celebration. 12．What is the purpose of the writer listing the number of cameras in Paragraph 4? A．To show the Palace Museum enjoys great popularity all over the world. B．To show the Palace Museum is better than any other museums. C．To show the Palace Museum faces a big challenge of protecting relics. D．To show how many collections of cultural relics in the Palace Museum. 13．What can we learn from the passage? A．No one has the ideas of making the cultural relics broken. B．Scholars must attend face-to-face meetings to discuss repair and store issues. C．The waiting line will be much longer because of the smart network. D．5G technology helps keep an eye on cultural relics at anytime to prevent danger. 14．What is the main purpose of using 5G technology in the Palace Museum according to the article? A．To attract more tourists. B．To improve visitor services and protect cultural relics. C．To replace all traditional security methods. D．To reduce the number of cameras in the museum. 15．The best title for the passage can be “________”. A．A Connection Between Old and New B．A New Kind of Camera C．The Introduction of 5G Technology D．The Beauty of Chinese Cultural Relics 考点三、判断推理题 （2024·福建·中考真题） It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA,中国野生动物保护协会) will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership. The CWCA has organized experienced caretakers and doctors to go with the pandas to the US. The zoo is getting ready to provide the pandas with a larger and more comfortable living environment. It has also formed a team with special skills related with panda care, daily nursing, and scientific research. The cooperation (合作) between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo. Giant pandas Hua Mei, born in 1999, and Mei Sheng, born in 2003, who used to live there, are the result of China-US giant panda research cooperation. Over the past twenty years, the two sides have cooperated and solved many technical problems, including important discoveries in key areas like panda raising. Since the 1990s, China has cooperated on giant panda conservation with 20 countries. “International cooperation in fields such as disease prevention and control, treatment, and wild training and reintroduction to the wild, has achieved good results. Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better,” said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. “Scientific and educational outreach (延伸服务) also serves as a key role in international giant panda exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in protecting wild giant pandas,” Li said. 16．China’s sending Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo means ________. A．a good living condition for pandas B．a new age of conservation cooperation C．a great achievement in scientific research D．a long-term plan for training panda caretakers 17．How long have the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo cooperated? A．21 years. B．25 years. C．28 years. D．34 years. 18．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The history of the cooperation. B．The raising of the giant pandas. C．The lives of the pandas in the US. D．The process of solving the problems. 19．What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Expect. B．Create. C．Improve. D．Receive. 20．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Scientific research is well on its way. B．The outreach plays an important part. C．The cooperation requires international support. D．Education about wildlife protection is a big success. 推理判断题是阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括判断和推理两个方面，属于主观题, 是阅读理解中层次较高的题目, 因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。 推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。 这类题目常见的设问方式有： 1. What was the author’s attitude towards ...?  2. The passage is intended to ... 3. The author suggests that ... 4. The author implies that… 5. Which point of view may the author agree to? 6. From the passage we can conclude that... 7. The purpose of the passage is to...。 典例验知 【示例1】 So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well. 9．What is Mike’s attitude (态度) to Chinese high-speed rail train? A．He looks down upon it. B．He dislikes it. C．He thinks highly of it. D．He hates it. 【示例2】 One difference on raising children is at what age and to what extent (程度) they are given freedom outside the home. The government and the people of Norway believe that it is better for children to learn to be independent from a very early age. Almost all children are typically sent to daycare at age one in Norway. ________ when it comes to raising independent children. In fact, it would not be uncommon for a Japanese child to walk or ride a bike or take a public bus to school alone or even to shop at a local store without a parent. On the other hand, in Kenya, children stay with their mothers the whole day. 1．Which of the following can be put into ________ in Paragraph 2? A．Japan has totally different ideas B．Japan also has their own ideas C．Japan also has similar ideas D．Japan also has interesting ideas 解决这类题型时，应该根据不同的推理判断方法解题。学生要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。答案不可能在文章中直接找到，而且推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，切忌过度推测或无理由推测，要结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，把握作者的言外之意。 Passage 1 （2026·福建福州·一模）One report by Ember, a global energy group, says the world’s solar and wind farms produced more electricity than coal power plants for the first time. The world produced nearly one-third more solar power in the first half of 2025 than in the same period last year. The growing solar power met 83% of the increase in world’s electricity demand (需求). Besides, wind power grew by over 7%. Together, they filled nearly all of the global growth in electricity demand. “This milestone is an important turning point,” says Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka, the writer of the report. “Solar and wind power are now growing fast enough to meet the world’s growing needs for electricity,” she said. “This marks clean power is developing at the same speed as the growing electricity demand.” According to Ember’s report, China added more renewable energy than the rest of the world together. And another report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows China has been the world’s biggest growing market for renewables. The following explains the success: ● In 2023, China spent about $700 billion on clean energy—almost the same amount as that of all other countries together. ● In 2024, China added 356.61 gigawatts (GW) of new wind and solar power capacity (容量), which is more than Germany’s total power capacity of 352 GW. ● In 2024, China’s coal use increased by 1.7% compared with 2023, while its share of total energy use fell by 1.6%. ● China makes 80% of the world’s solar panels (板) and is the No.1 seller of wind turbines and batteries, helping many countries change to cleaner energy too. However, in the U. S. , electricity demand grew faster than renewables growth, leading to a 17% rise in coal power in the first half of 2025. And in the E.U., slow growth in electricity demand met an unexpected problem: a weather-related drop in wind and hydropower (水力发电) caused more use of gas and coal, even though solar power was developing rapidly. 21．What does the underlined word “This milestone” refer to? A．Solar and wind power have replaced the use of gas and coal. B．83% of the world electricity was from wind power in 2025. C．Rising wind and solar power nearly met global electricity growth. D．The world’s coal power plants are developing at a rapid speed in 2025. 22．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Growing renewables demand in China. B．China’s contribution to global clean energy. C．Growing numbers of renewable farms in China. D．China’s latest research on solar panels and batteries. 23．Which picture shows coal use and its share of total energy use in China (2023-2024)? A． B． C． D． 24．How did the U. S. deal with its growing energy demand in the first half of 2025? A．By producing more solar power. B．By increasing the use of coal power. C．By raising the output of wind and hydropower. D．By controlling the growth speed of energy demand. 25．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Global Renewables: Wind Stands Out B．Global Energy: Renewables Share Rises C．World Energy Increase: Gas & Coal Go Up D．World Electricity Demand: Solar Panels Lead 考点四、主旨大意题 （2023·福建·中考真题）Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence. Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where blood runs, which shows the parts of the brain that are most active. People taking part in the experiment (实验) listened to the radio for 16 hours as their brains were scanned. The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity with words they heard. After that, each person was asked to think of a story, and the AI tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened. The results had about a 50% accuracy rate (准确率), although the AI found it hard to work out the meaning of pronouns, such as he or she, her or him. For example, it turned “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” into “She has not even started to learn to drive yet.” It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than the exact words. The AI was personalized, so when it had learnt from one person but it was tested on another, it couldn’t understand their thoughts. The scientists, who have been working on the technology for 15 years, say they understand the risks of it being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper, “We want to make sure people only use these types of technologies when they want to, and that it helps them.” The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again. 31．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to (指代)? A．A way. B．Anything. C．The brain. D．AI. 32．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2? A．To describe the process of the experiment. B．To explain the results of the experiment. C．To offer some opinions about the experiment. D．To list the difficulties with the experiment. 33．What does the example in paragraph 3 show? A．The AI is much cleverer than people. B．The AI didn’t start the work as it was ordered. C．The AI couldn’t understand the exact words of what people thought. D．The AI will be well developed according to people’s special needs. 34．What can we learn from the text? A．It is not difficult to take AI under control. B．AI will not be used in a proper way in the future. C．AI is so wise that it can treat people with medical problems. D．It’s expected that AI will help those speechless exchange ideas. 35．What can be the best title for the text? A．High Risks of Using AI. B．Mind-Reading Development. C．Importance of Human Brain. D．Ways of Improving Technology. 文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点： （1）表述的意思通常是总结性的； （2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式； （3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。 说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以如下方式： This passage mainly talks about ____. What is the main idea of the passage? This passage mainly talks about …   典例验知 【示例1】 The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. We always go out in the world and do charity (慈善) work. Last Thursday, we were going to buy lunch for the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I ordered 15 lunches from McDonald’s (麦当劳) and decided to hand them out. ...................................... ....................................... I don’t know if the woman noticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of Mother Teresa’s words: “We cannot do great things—only small things with great love.” 13．What does the article want to tell us? A．It’s difficult to help everyone in need. B．A small act of kindness means a lot. C．Each family has its own problems. 【示例2】 “Barbara and I get along so well, ” Golan said. “We have a lot of fun chatting together. I care about her. She's like a new friend.” It might sound crazy hiring a stranger to act as a grandchild. However, these young people are a great help to old people who live alone. 43．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Grandchildren Needed B．More Volunteers Wanted C．Family Problems Solved D．Papa Advertisement Found 答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·福建泉州·期末）Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. Clothes are cheaper and easier to buy than ever before. But there is a hidden price: the environment. Every year, about 92 million tons of clothing are thrown away. That is like a garbage truck full of clothes being thrown away every second. Imagine all those shirts, pants, and dresses ending up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）! To solve this problem, a group of Austrian researchers led by Thomas Harter has a smart idea: turn old clothes into stronger packaging paper. Instead of letting clothes rot（腐烂）in landfills, they give them a second life. The process starts with cutting the clothes into tiny pieces. These pieces are put in a water-based solution（溶液）, and then they go through a special machine. This step separates the cotton fibers（纤维）. After that, the fibers are mixed with recycled paper pulp（纸浆）. Here’s the cool part: textile（纺织品）fibers are much longer than paper fibers. Because of this, they make the final paper stronger. The new paper looks a bit brown and has small spots（点）of color from the old clothes. But it works well for packaging and can be recycled just like normal paper. The project is still new, but the team hopes to improve it by using some safe chemicals. This would make the process faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly. When the new method is ready, it could help reduce textile waste around the world. One more good thing? The new paper is stronger, so it can be used longer. This means less paper will be thrown away when making packaging. 41．How does the writer lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing the steps to recycle old clothes. B．By telling a story about Austrian researchers. C．By asking a question about the environment. D．By showing the environmental problem caused by fast fashion. 42．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The way to cut the clothes into tiny pieces. B．The environmental advantages the project can bring. C．The process of turning old clothes into packaging paper. D．The differences between textile fibers and paper fibers. 43．What makes the new paper stronger? A．Paper fibers. B．Small spots. C．Long textile fibers. D．Safe chemicals. 44．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The color. B．The new paper. C．The project. D．The recycled paper pulp. 45．What would be the best title for the text? A．Reducing Fast Fashion Waste B．Giving Old Clothes a Second Life C．How to Protect the Environment D．How to Make Stronger Packaging Paper Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·福建龙岩·期末）December 5 is International Volunteer Day. It reminds us how powerful it is to help others. Volunteering is when you give up your time for free to help someone else. You might help a charity, take care of the environment, or support a team like teaching younger children how to play sports. Volunteering helps both the people you help and yourself. It can help you understand how others feel. “Volunteering is good for your mind. It makes you feel happy almost like your heart is smiling” says Maddy Mills from the Family Volunteering Club. This group helps children and their families take part in helpful activities in their communities. Volunteering can also be good for your body. “If you walk to pick up litter or plant trees in a park, you’re also getting some exercise,” says Maddy. You can meet new people, make friends, and learn useful skills. Sometimes, it even helps you find what you want to do in the future. Before you start volunteering, it’s important to let your parents join in your decisions. And you need to make sure everyone is happy with the people, activities or organizations you will help. If you can, volunteer with friends or family members. You can call local charities or companies to see if they need any help. If you’re at secondary school, you could consider signing up for the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award. This programme includes a volunteering part and offers many ideas and support to help you begin. 51．What is a volunteer activity according to Paragraph 2? A．Making new friends. B．Giving free help. C．Learning useful skills. D．Getting some exercise. 52．What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss about volunteering? A．Its types. B．Its rules. C．Its differences. D．Its advantages. 53．What is the key advice before volunteering? A．Win a prize. B．Discuss it with your parents. C．Call local companies. D．Turn to teachers. 54．What can we learn from the text? A．Volunteering mainly improves their physical health. B．Volunteering makes them make friends easily at once. C．Volunteering with family members is a good choice. D．Volunteering alone is more effective than with others. 55．The main purpose of the text is to ________. A．encourage young people to try volunteering B．discuss the advantages of outdoor activities C．explain the history of International Volunteer Day D．introduce the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award program 考点五、篇章结构题 （2024·福建·中考真题）Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them. Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has been mapped, and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some scientists even think that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be discovered. So why do we know so little about the deep sea? Well, getting to those depths is very difficult and requires high technology that simply didn’t come into being for most of human history. The first navigable submarine (可驾驶的潜水艇), for example, was built in 1620, and it couldn’t go more than five meters below the surface. In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore (探索) the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine. Ten years later, around 4, 700 species (物种) unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered. Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult? Well, at greater depths it is freezing (极冷的), everything is completely dark, and the pressure can be over 1, 000 times greater than that on the surface. Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas. They help control the earth’s temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2) in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate change. Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface. 21．Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce how important oceans are. B．To discuss why sea animals have yet to be found out. C．To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth. D．To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans. 22．What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea? A．High technology. B．Unknown species. C．A pleasant environment. D．Valuable information. 23．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Sea animals. B．The seas. C．The satellites. D．Many scientists. 24．What can we learn from the text? A．It is difficult to build a navigable submarine. B．The seas have a strong influence on our future. C．The seas have no lives at a depth of 550 meters. D．It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think. 25．What could be the best title of the text? A．Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea B．Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea C．Deep-Sea Exploration: Into the Freezing Depths D．Deep-Sea Exploration: The Past and the Future 要点梳理 篇章结构题是中考英语阅读理解的高频题型，侧重考查对文章整体行文逻辑、段落间关系、写作手法的理解，核心考查学生的语篇分析和逻辑梳理能力。说明文：①总分总（最常考）：总起（提出说明对象）→ 分述（从特征 / 原因 / 用途 / 步骤等角度说明，多为并列 / 递进）→ 总结（重申对象价值 / 特点）；②总分：总起 + 分述，无结尾总结；③并列式：几个段落分别从不同角度说明同一对象，无明显主次。 典例验知 【示例1】 Spatial (空间) learning is an important skill in the animal kingdom. This is because it helps animals find food when it’s not easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are known to do this. A recent study has found that the butterfly also has ability of spatial learning. This butterfly comes from South and Central America. And it’s known for different types of wing patterns. In the study, the research team carried out spatial learning experiments on butterflies under three different spatial conditions. First, they tested the insect’s ability to learn the location of real food in a 1-square-meter space made up of 16 fake (假的) flowers. This test represented (代表) searching for food in a single area. And they tested if the butterflies could learn to connect food with either the left or right side of a 3-square-meter two-armed maze (迷宫), representing many plants at a single place. The team then increased the distances again. They used large outdoor cages (笼子) to test if the butterflies could learn the location of food in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze looks like the letter T. This test represented searching for food in the wild. This was closer to the conditions in which the insect finds food in the wild. The experiments on butterflies show signs of spatial learning-they can remember the spatial location of their food. In the future studies, the team plans to test if they are better at spatial learning than closely-related species (近亲物种). 25．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 【示例2】 Where is the world’s best high-speed rail system? In China! High-speed railway, which has developed quickly in recent years, has become a famous name card of China. In the past ten years, China’s high-speed rail network (高速铁路网) has grown from under 10, 000 kilometers to over 40, 000 kilometers, making it the world’s longest high-speed rail network, long enough to circle the entire equator (整个赤道). From the old-style green trains to the Fuxing high-speed trains, China’s high-speed railways have developed quickly and brought us closer to our hometown villages. In 2016, the Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway opened to traffic. The distances between nearly 340 traditional villages and high-speed railway stations have been reduced to less than one hour, while most of them were more than three hours away from the stations before the railway opened. With China’s high-speed trains becoming faster and faster, people can save more travel time. For example, you can leave from Beijing in the morning to take part in a meeting in Shanghai at noon. Then, you can arrive at Hangzhou in the afternoon, enjoying the beauty of the West Lake. In the evening, you can return to Beijing safely. China’s high-speed railway has already gone to the world. In 2014, An-Yi high-speed rail, the first high-speed railway built by Chinese companies overseas (在海外), was finished and opened to traffic. In 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, jointly built by China and Indonesia, can cut travel time between the two cities from more than 3 hours to 40 minutes. China’s high-speed railways cross rivers and mountains, connect home and abroad, and see the changes over time. From nothing, we are a leader in this industry now. As a name card of China, China’s high-speed railway has amazed the world! 30．What is the best structure (结构) for the text? A． B． C． D． 题型 1：文章整体结构判断题（如：Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?） 常以图形形式考查（如①②③④代表段落，用箭头 / 横线表示关系），解题技巧： 1. 先按 “通用技巧” 确定文体和基础框架（如总分总→①/①②→③④⑤→⑥）； 2. 合并 “主旨一致的并列段落”：说明文 / 议论文中，几个分述同一角度的段落，可视为一个 “分述模块”； 3. 排除明显错误的框架：如记叙文出现 “总分总” 框架直接排除，议论文出现 “时间顺序” 直接排除。 题型 2：段落作用 / 写作手法判断题（如：What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?/The writer uses ... to develop the passage.） 1. 段落作用题：按 “首段 / 中间段 / 尾段” 的固定作用模板（见考点梳理），结合文章主旨选择，避免只看段落本身，忽略其与全文的关联； 例：首段用一个小故事引出 “垃圾分类”，答案不是 “讲述垃圾分类的故事”，而是 “引出本文的说明对象 —— 垃圾分类，吸引读者兴趣”。 2. 写作手法题：先判断文体，再结合标志词判断： · 看到 “for example”→ 举例论证； · 看到开头提问题，结尾回答→ 设问引出主旨； · 看到开头和结尾都出现同一核心句（如 Reading makes a full man）→ 首尾呼应。 题型 3：段落排序题 / 匹配题（高阶题型） 1. 段落排序题： · 先找首段：首段多为引出主题，无指代词（it/they/this）、无转折词（but/however）、无总结词（in a word）； · 再找尾段：尾段多为总结 / 感悟 / 建议，有总结词或情感词（happy, important, should）； · 最后用线索词衔接中间段落：时间词、指代词（this story/it 指代前文内容）、逻辑连接词，将中间段落按逻辑串联。 2. 段落匹配题（主旨 + 段落）： · 先给每个选项主旨标关键词； · 再概括每个段落的主旨，圈画核心词； · 最后关键词匹配，主旨核心词与段落核心词一致的即为正确答案，注意排除 “偷换概念、以偏概全” 的选项。 Passage 1 （2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）①Lijiang is a must-stop for a trip to Yunnan Province, offering a mix of ancient buildings, local food and traditional cultures. ②One of the best places to visit is Lijiang Old Town. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is known for its building styles and colorful flowers. When you walk through the town, you can find lots of local shops and they are selling handmade crafts (手工艺品). ③Lijiang is famous for its delicious local food, too. Roasted lamb (烤羊) and wild mushroom (蘑菇) soup are good choices. You can also enjoy tea with some local snacks. ④What’s more, you can better understand Naxi style and culture here. You can find Naxi traditional buildings everywhere. You can also hear local people speaking Naxi language, and admire Naxi writings. ⑤If you come to Lijiang, I’m sure you will fall in love with this amazing city. Whether you explore the ancient streets, talk with the local people or taste Naxi food, Lijiang will give you a wonderful experience. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 6．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Local shops. B．Old towns. C．Visitors. D．Crafts. 7．What is the topic (主题) of Paragraph 3? A．Natural beauty. B．Traditional buildings. C．History and culture. D．Famous local food. 8．What can visitors do to better understand Naxi style and culture? ①Enjoy Naxi writings.        ②Hear Naxi language. ③Visit modern museums.    ④Explore traditional buildings. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 9．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To give travel tips about shopping. B．To describe the long history of Lijiang. C．To provide a guide for travelling in Lijiang. D．To share a personal story about travelling. 10．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? (P= paragraph) A． B．C． D． Passage 2 （2025·福建三明·三模）①In recent years, six amazing companies from Hangzhou have become very famous in the technology world. People call them the “Six Dragons”. These companies are doing great things in areas like artificial intelligence (AI), robots, brain-computer interfaces (接口), and video games. ②DeepSeek is a leader in AI. Its DeepSeek-V3 model costs less to make than other models, but it works better. This has had a big influence on the global AI market. At the same time, Unitree Technology and DEEPRobotics are changing the robot world. Unitree’s robots can move like animals and have surprised people all over the world. DEEPRobotics makes robots that can work in dangerous places to keep people safe. Both companies are making robots smarter and more useful. ③BrainCo is another important company. It makes devices that can read brain activity and help people relax. For example, it makes headbands that help users stay focus, which is a good way to show how these devices can help people relax. ManyCore also plays a big role. Its 3D data platform helps other companies develop better AI technology. ④Game Science has become well-known in the gaming industry with its popular game “Black Myth: Wukong”. The game is based on the famous Chinese story “Journey to the West”. The game’s success shows how Chinese developers can mix culture and technology in new ways. ⑤Hangzhou’s success is not by chance. The local government has made a good environment for businesses. It has policies like tax cuts and gives money to new companies. Hangzhou also has a lively culture and good schools, which attract talented people. This combination has made Hangzhou a global center for innovation (创新). ⑥Other cities in China, like Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, also have many leading tech companies. Together, these cities are making China’s technology progress fast. Hangzhou’s “Six Dragons” are not only a symbol of the city’s success but also show China’s growing influence in the global tech world. 26．What is the main technological field of BrainCo? A．Developing video games. B．Creating animal-like robots. C．Making brain-reading devices for relaxing. D．Designing 3D data platforms. 27．What can we infer about Hangzhou’s “Six Dragons”? A．They focus only on local markets. B．They mix new ideas with real-world uses. C．They compete directly with Beijing and Shanghai. D．Their success depends heavily on government support. 28．What is the key reason for Hangzhou becoming a tech center? A．Famous universities. B．High number of tourists. C．Low cost of living. D．Government policies and cultural environment. 29．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③④/⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ 30．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advertise Hangzhou’s tourism. B．To explain how brain-computer interfaces work. C．To criticize other Chinese cities’ lack of progress. D．To show Hangzhou’s creative tech businesses and China’s worldwide influence. 01、阅读理解 Did you know that climate change affects not just the planet, but also people’s mental health? A growing number of people suffer from climate change anxiety, which is also called eco-anxiety (生态焦虑). It means they feel terribly worried about the environmental damage caused by human activities now and in the future. Unlike common worries, this anxiety lasts long and often disturbs daily life, as people fear for themselves, future people, and the planet’s survival (生存). The causes behind this anxiety are clear: natural disasters like floods, wildfires, and stronger hurricanes, as well as the loss of plants and animals. To measure this kind of anxiety, scientists use the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (量表) (CCAS), which includes 13 sentences about climate-related feelings and behaviors. Participants (参与者) score each sentence on a 1-5 scale (1=never, 5=almost always). The higher the total score is, the more anxious they are. A study of 877 Australians aged 16~25 gave surprising results: a CCAS score of 21 signals mild to moderate symptoms (症状), while 23 or above means serious anxiety. Surprisingly, nearly half the participants had mild to moderate symptoms, and 44% struggled with serious ones. These cut-off scores are invaluable. Doctors use them to create suitable treatment plans, and governments use them to make policies to solve the root causes of climate change, offering people hope. If eco-anxiety weighs on you, you’re not alone. Taking action against climate change—such as using public transport, reducing waste, or calling for policy changes—can ease worries. It’s important to prevent these fears from breaking daily life; talk to trusted friends, family, or doctors if needed. Spending time in nature or keeping a diary also helps. Remember, you need experts’ help to understand your CCAS score well. 1．What makes eco-anxiety different from common worries? A．It makes people feel relaxed. B．It affects daily life for a short time. C．It mainly troubles plants and animals. D．It lasts long and often disturbs daily life. 2．How does the CCAS measure eco-anxiety? A．By interviewing participants about their fears. B．By scoring participants’ responses to related sentences. C．By recording participants’ daily environmental actions. D．By comparing participants’ opinions on climate policies 3．What can we infer from the Australian study? A．Young people are largely unaffected by eco-anxiety. B．Mild eco-anxiety is less common among teenagers. C．A CCAS score of 22 is regarded as the moderate type. D．Most participants had little climate change anxiety symptoms. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The cut-off scores of the CCAS. B．The participants in the Australian study. C．The policies made to fight climate change. D．The mild and moderate symptoms of eco-anxiety. 5．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how to measure eco-anxiety with CCAS. B．To warn young people to stay away from eco-anxiety. C．To advise governments to make policies on climate change. D．To introduce eco-anxiety and offer related information and advice. 02、阅读理解 Mathilde Wittock, a designer from Belgium, makes resting chairs out of old tennis balls. She creates them with no wood or plastic. Instead, each of her chairs is made of 500 tennis balls. It is both cool and strong. Wittock wants to help protect the environment because many tennis balls are thrown away and don’t break down easily. About 300 million tennis balls are produced each year, and almost all of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场). It takes them over 400 years to break down. Big tennis events use a large number of balls, like the US Open with 70,000 and Wimbledon Championships with 55,000. The life cycle of a ball is not long, which usually lasts for nine games. Wittock receives all her materials from donations (捐赠) mostly from tennis clubs. It takes Wittock three to four weeks to make a chair. To meet the customers’ needs, she cuts and colors the tennis balls by hand to match their rooms. It takes her much hard work and patience to change how the balls look. Creation isn’t the only goal. In fact, what’s more important to Wittock is what happens to the chairs when they’re old. At the end of her chairs’ life, she takes them apart and recycles the tennis balls. The fuzz (绒毛) is burned off, and the balls are cut into pieces to make bouncy mats (弹性垫) for kids to play on. In this way, nothing goes to waste. 6．Which of the following can best describe Mathilde Wittock? A．She is creative and helpful. B．She works in a big company. C．She used to be a tennis player. D．She is a young pretty designer. 7．What can we learn about tennis balls from Paragraph 2? A．Tennis balls can be broken down easily. B．Many balls are needed in big tennis events. C．About 300 million tennis balls are made each month. D．55,000 tennis balls are used by the US Open every year. 8．Where does Wittock get most of the tennis balls for her chairs? A．From landfills. B．From her customers. C．From tennis clubs. D．From kind-hearted groups. 9．What will most probably be used in making resting chairs? ①Scissors ②Glass ③Brush ④Printer A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．①③ 10．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．How to continue to reduce waste. B．How to make tennis balls into mats. C．How to improve the design of chairs. D．How to take tennis balls apart quickly. 03、阅读理解 What if you could help the environment just by planting a small forest in your neighborhood? That’s the idea behind “micro-forests”—small, thickly planted forests that grow much faster than regular ones. The concept was developed by a Japanese botanist in the 1970s. The method is simple but special. First, prepare the soil deeply. Then, plant many different kinds of native trees and bushes very close together—about three to five plants per square meter. Finally, cover the ground with a thick layer of straw or wood chips to keep water in and stop weeds from growing. Because the plants are so close, they compete for sunlight and grow quickly—up to ten times faster than trees in a normal forest. A micro-forest can become a small wildlife habitat in just 20 to 30 years, while a natural forest would take at least 100 years. Micro-forests have many benefits. They cool down the city by providing shade and releasing water vapor. They absorb rainwater and help prevent floods. They provide food and shelter for birds, insects, and small animals. They also make people feel happier and less stressed. In recent years, micro-forests have appeared in many cities around the world. In Singapore, more than 200 micro-forests have been planted. In Europe, communities come together to plant “pocket forests” in empty lots or schoolyards. In China, some cities like Shenzhen and Chengdu have started similar projects. Of course, micro-forests also face challenges. They need careful maintenance in the first two or three years, especially watering during dry periods. And not every piece of land is suitable—the soil may be too poor or too hard. Still, many experts believe micro-forests are a simple, low-cost way to bring nature back into cities. As one ecologist said, “You don’t need a big forest to make a big difference. Sometimes, a small patch of green is enough to start a change.” 11．Who first developed the idea of micro-forests? A．A Chinese scientist. B．A Japanese botanist. C．A Singaporean officer. D．A European ecologist. 12．Why do trees in micro-forests grow faster? A．They are given special fertilizer. B．They are planted very close together. C．They are watered every day. D．They are grown in greenhouses. 13．What is one benefit of micro-forests according to the passage? A．They produce more oxygen than large forests. B．They help cool down the city. C．They can be planted anywhere. D．They don’t need any care. 14．What challenge do micro-forests face? A．They take too long to grow. B．They need careful care in the first few years. C．They are too expensive to build. D．They attract too many animals. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To teach people how to plant trees. B．To introduce the idea of micro-forests and their value. C．To compare micro-forests with natural forests. D．To ask people to plant more trees. 04、阅读理解 The Secret Language of Elephants When you think of animal communication, you probably think of birds singing or dogs barking. But did you know that elephants have their own secret language? Scientists have discovered that elephants use a wide range of sounds, smells, and body movements to “talk” to each other. The most famous elephant sound is the trumpet. Elephants make this loud noise when they are excited, angry, or surprised. But elephants also make very low sounds called rumbles. Some rumbles are so low that humans cannot hear them at all. These sounds can travel through the ground for several kilometers. Other elephants can feel the vibrations with their sensitive feet and trunks. In this way, a mother elephant can warn her family of danger even if they are far away. Elephants also communicate with their bodies. If an elephant spreads its ears wide and raises its head, it is showing that it feels threatened. A gentle touch of the trunk is like a handshake or a hug. When elephants meet after being apart, they often twist their trunks together and make happy rumbles. Smell is another important tool. Elephants have a very strong sense of smell. They can recognize family members by their smell and can even tell how another elephant is feeling. When an elephant is stressed, its body produces different chemicals, and other elephants can “read” this. Scientists believe that elephant communication is one of the most complex in the animal world. They have found that elephants have special calls for different situations—there is a “bee alarm” call that warns others to run away from bees, and a “human danger” call that sounds different. Some researchers even think elephants may have names for each other. Understanding elephant language helps us protect them better. When we know what makes them afraid or happy, we can make wiser decisions to keep them safe. 16．What is the loud sound elephants make called? A．Rumble. B．Trumpet. C．Whistle. D．Roar. 17．How do elephants hear very low sounds from far away? A．They listen carefully with their large ears. B．They feel the vibrations through their feet. C．They watch the movements of other elephants. D．They smell the air. 18．What does it mean when an elephant spreads its ears wide and raises its head? A．It is happy. B．It is tired. C．It feels threatened. D．It wants to play. 19．What can elephants tell by using their sense of smell? A．The weather. B．What food is nearby. C．How another elephant is feeling. D．Where water is. 20．Why is it important to understand elephant language? A．It helps scientists write books. B．It helps people train elephants. C．It helps us protect elephants better. D．It helps elephants live longer. 05、阅读理解 Have you ever heard of “forest schools”? In some countries, instead of sitting in a classroom all day, children go to school in the forest. They learn by playing, exploring, and doing outdoor activities. This special way of education is called outdoor learning. Forest schools are not a new idea. They first appeared in Denmark in the 1950s and soon spread to other European countries like Sweden, Finland, and Norway. In a forest school, there are no walls or desks. Children spend most of their time outside, no matter what the weather is like. They climb trees, build small houses with branches and leaves, follow animal footprints, and watch insects under a magnifying glass. Teachers don’t give traditional lessons. Instead, they guide children to discover knowledge through real-life experiences. For example, children learn math by counting pinecones, and science by observing how plants grow. Why are forest schools becoming so popular? Studies show that outdoor learning helps children become more creative, confident, and independent. It also improves their physical health and reduces stress. In Finland, forest schools are a common choice for young children. Some schools in China, such as those in Yunnan and Sichuan, have also started to try this model. Parents report that their children become more curious and active after attending forest school. However, forest schools also face challenges. Bad weather can sometimes make outdoor activities difficult or even dangerous. Some parents worry about safety—what if a child falls from a tree or gets lost? Teachers need to be well-trained and plan every activity carefully. Despite these difficulties, many educators believe that nature is one of the best classrooms. As one expert said, “Children don’t remember the worksheets they finished, but they will always remember the first bird’s nest they found in the woods.” 21．Where did forest schools first appear? A．In China. B．In Sweden. C．In Denmark. D．In Finland. 22．What do children do in forest schools? A．They stay in the classroom all day. B．They only learn about animals. C．They do outdoor activities and learn from nature. D．They watch videos about science. 23．What is one advantage of outdoor learning according to the text? A．It helps children save time. B．It makes children more creative. C．It is easier than indoor learning. D．It costs less money. 24．What is a challenge for forest schools? A．Children don’t like nature. B．There are no teachers. C．The weather is sometimes bad. D．Parents don’t allow children to go out. 25．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Forest schools are a new way of learning. B．Outdoor learning has both good sides and difficulties. C．Children should spend more time indoors. D．Denmark is the best country for education. 06、阅读理解 A quasar (类星体) is an extremely bright object with a super-massive (超大质量的) black hole. About a million quasars have been known to humans. Quasar J0529-4351 is one of them, about 12 billion light-years from the Earth. We have been able to see Quasar J0529-4351 since 1980. But it was so bright that people mistook it for a foreground star (前景恒星). In 2023, scientists finally found it as a quasar as well as the brightest object in the universe,500 trillion times brighter than the sun. In 2024, a study on the quasar came out in Nature Astronomy. It was done by Australian scientist Christian Wolf and his team. According to the recent study, Quasar J0529-4351 has a huge “stomach”. It “eats” about as much as the sun’s mass every day, which makes it grow very fast. And we shouldn’t be surprised at how bright it is, because the brightness has much to do with how much it “eats”. However, Quasar J0529-4351 is not the largest object. TON 618, found in 1957, is one of the largest black holes. It can hold 66 billion stars the size of the sun inside, while Quasar J0529-4351 is about 19 billion times larger than the sun. Scientists have already learned that a black hole is formed when a star collapses (坍塌) on itself. And it grows by taking in other objects, including other black holes. But they still don’t know how supermassive black holes come into being. Scientists hope that studying quasars like this one will help them understand more about supermassive black holes. They also believe that there are probably more unusual quasars out there, waiting to be discovered. 26．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Quasar J0529-4351. B．The foreground star. C．The study. D．Nature Astronomy. 27．Which of the following is TRUE about Quasar J0529-4351? A．It is 12 billion light years from the sun. B．It is 500 trillion times brighter than the sun. C．It can hold 66 billion stars the size of the sun. D．It is about 19 billion times larger than TON 618. 28．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．When a star collapse. B．How a black hole grows. C．Why scientists study quasars. D．What will be discovered next. 29．Which could be the best title for the text? A．A Newly Seen Quasar B．Secrets of the Universe C．Supermassive Black Holes D．Brightest Quasar Ever Seen 30．What’s the author’s attitude (态度) towards the future exploration of quasars? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 07、阅读理解 Nature is amazing. Take a close look at the world of insects, and you’ll discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. They have beautiful, colorful wings and strong, fantastic flying skills. On summer days, you always see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But did you know how butterflies become flying insects? It’s one of the amazing wonders of nature. In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small and colorful egg on a leaf or stem of a plant. It’s hard to believe that the egg will become something completely different in a few days. It becomes a walking insect. This insect is called a caterpillar. It now has legs, eyes and a large body. A new life has begun. The caterpillar can eat, walk, and see. But it is still not a butterfly. Soon, after growing big, the caterpillar makes a cover for itself. It covers itself in the nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the “pupa (蛹)” stage. After a period of time, the blanket breaks and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. Shortly, the wings fill with blood, and the beautiful, colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away. After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins all over again. This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things. 31．How does the author begin the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving examples. D．By asking questions. 32．What does the “caterpillar” look like? A．B． C． D． 33．What is the right order of the development process of a butterfly? ①It becomes a pupa.         ②It becomes a walking insect. ③Female butterflies lay an egg.     ④It spreads its wings and flies away. A．①→②→③→④ B．①→②→④→③ C．③→②→①→④ D．③→②→④→① 34．Which one best describes (描述) a butterfly after the blanket breaks? A．It has six legs, eyes, and a large body. B．It has six legs, eyes and a mouth. C．It has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. D．It has six legs, eyes, a mouth and a large body. 35．What can be the best title for the passage? A．One Insect, Different Colors B．One Insect, Four Lives C．The Kinds of Butterflies D．The Habits of Butterflies 08、阅读理解 This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Many works about this history are being shown, like films, plays and dances. Among them, the movie Dead To Rights (南京照相馆) has caught a lot of attention. The story happens when Japanese soldiers took control of Nanjing. A group of Chinese people hide inside a photo studio. To survive, they have to help a Japanese army photographer (摄影师) develop pictures. But while doing this, they discover something shocking. The photo films include clear proof (证据) of the awful crimes Japanese soldiers committed (犯罪) all over the city. The group decides they must let the world know the truth. So they secretly keep the films and risk their lives to get them out safely. The movie is about a real person. In 1938, a 15-year-old boy named Luo Jin worked in Huadong Photo Studio in Nanjing. Brave and clever, he secretly made over 30 copies of photos showing Japanese crimes. He put 16 photos into a book and drew a red heart with blood and the Chinese word “Chi” (which means “shame”) on the cover. Later, a young man named Wu Xuan kept the book safe. After eight years, the photos became strong proof of the crimes and were shown to the world. Director Shen Ao said the reason why he made the film is that few people know how these important photos were saved. Dead To Rights is not only a movie, but also helps us remember painful history so that we work harder to make our country stronger. 36．The text talks about the 80th year of two victories. When did they happen? A．1935 B．1945 C．1955 D．1965 37．What is the movie Dead To Rights mainly about? A．A love story in Nanjing. B．A Japanese photographer’s life. C．Making films during a war. D．Saving photo films of Japanese crimes. 38．What does “survive” mean in Paragraph 2? A．stay alive B．take photos C．remember history D．run fast 39．What did Luo Jin do? A．He directed a movie. B．He made copies of Japanese crime photos. C．He kept a book safe for eight years. D．He worked in a photo studio in 1930. 40．Which is the main purpose of the film? A．To make our country stronger. B．To help people remember painful history. C．To win international prizes. D．To make people hate the Japanese. 09、阅读理解 We use bricks to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a simulated (模拟的) lunar soil. The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures (榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e 5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩). The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment. Quakes (月震) often happen there, and radiation is high. It gets as hot as 180°C during the day and as cold as-190°C at night. The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space. The first brick has returned to the Earth. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035. 41．The lunar bricks are developed to ________. A．study the lunar soil B．build a base on the moon C．test the weather on the moon D．create stronger building materials on Earth 42．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Normal bricks. B．Red bricks. C．Lunar bricks. D．The scientists. 43．Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant? A．They wanted to find materials. B．The simulant is different from real lunar soil. C．The soil on the moon changes from place to place. D．They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks. 44．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why lunar bricks need to be tested. B．How the lunar bricks were made. C．What the weather is like on the moon. D．How the lunar bricks were tested. 45．What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the text? A．They were tested in China’s space station. B．A base built by lunar bricks was made on Earth. C．Scientists had used five ways to harden the bricks. D．They will soon be used to build a lunar research station. 10、阅读理解 Have you ever imagined a robot washing your hair for you? This is not a science fiction anymore thanks to the invention of AI hair washing machines. Many AI hair washing stores have been opened in several areas in Shenzhen, such as Nanshan, Futian and Longhua. It has become a hot topic on the Internet and more such stores are on the way. AI hair washing is popular in Shenzhen, but it is not very expensive. With just 9.9 yuan, you can experience it. After a scalp (头皮) check, all you need to do is to lie down on a bed and put your head into the machine. Then, a worker will decide on the setting according to (根据) your hair length and your scalp type. After that, press the start key and the machine will operate, using infrared technology (红外技术) to send water to the exact right places. It can even change water temperature by itself. However, it doesn’t mean that no human workers are required. Workers still need to help with things like preparing the towels and drying the hair. Curious (好奇的) about the new technology, many people have tried this new way of hair washing. However, people have made different comments about this. Some say, “It works better than I thought and my hair is cleaner than I expected.” However, others comment, “The machine is not good enough, because it can’t get to my itchy (发痒的) spots correctly.” New things need time. I believe that the new machine will become better and make our lives more convenient in the future. 46．How did the writer introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By raising a question. B．By telling his stories. C．By describing a scene. D．By giving an example. 47．What does the underlined part “are on the way” probably mean? A．Stay unknown. B．Keep appearing. C．Become outdated. D．Remain special. 48．What can we know about the AI hair washing in Shenzhen? A．It costs more than 10 yuan. B．It doesn’t include a scalp check. C．It can be found in several areas. D．It has the same setting for everyone. 49．Why do many people try the AI hair washing service? A．Because it can dry their hair by itself. B．Because it’s better than the traditional way. C．Because there are no other hair washing stores. D．Because they have an interest in the new technology. 50．What is the best title for the text? A．The development of AI hair washing technology B．Workers’ important role in AI hair washing stores C．AI hair washing: new service popular in Shenzhen D．Infrared technology: the secret of AI hair washing 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 30 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题12 阅读理解说明文（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 细节事实题 考点二 推理推断题 考点三 词句猜测题 考点四 主旨大意题 考点五 篇章结构题 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 题量分值：必考 1 篇，5 小题，共10 分。 文体特点：介绍事物、科普知识、文化习俗、方法建议，结构清晰、客观平实。 考查重点：细节查找、信息匹配、段落大意、推理判断、篇章结构。 难度：中等，词汇规范，长句略多。 热考角度 近年（2025年~2023年）考点为例 1. 高频主题： 科普常识、中外文化、学习方法、环保健康、生活技能。 高频考点： 2. 细节理解占比最高； 3. 段落主旨 / 段落大意题稳定出现； 4. 简单推理与作者态度。 5. 选材：贴近教材与生活，强调实用性与知识性。 命题预测 主题：继续聚焦科普、文化、环保、健康、学习生活。 考点：以细节 + 主旨为主，逻辑判断略有加强。 难度：保持稳定，更注重信息获取与语篇理解。 重难考向 考法解读 考向01 细节理解题 说明文是通过解说事物、阐明事理，说明文是中考英语阅读理解题中的重点，难点之一。它既不像记叙文那样重在情节的叙述和描写，也不像议论文那样，重在阐明主张和论点论据；因此考生要掌握说明文的命题特点，叙述方式，重点突破长句结构特点和逻辑关系，以便对其做出准确的语意理解。 考向02 词义猜测题 考向03 推理判断题 考向04 主旨大意题 考向05 篇章结构题 考点一、细节理解题 （2025·福建·中考真题） Deep under the Pacific Ocean lie coral reefs colored by some algae that live with corals. Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy. In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white. And it was believed that about 50 percent of reefs with beautiful corals might disappear by 2030. Heat waves warmed up the same Pacific waters in the late 1990s and again in 2015—2016, but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first. Maybe corals have found a way to adapt (适应). Swimming to cooler waters is not a good choice for corals, for it makes them easily hurt by the changing climate. But corals are able to adapt. Some turn to those algae that can deal well with heat. Others can use rows of tiny hairs on their bodies to “fan” away too much harmful oxygen  (O2) let out by stressed-out algae. Certain baby corals change their own metabolisms (新陈代谢) in order to fight the warming waters. But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree. After studying and understanding these adaptations, scientists are trying to find ways to help corals fight. If researchers can make corals accept algae that can deal with heat pressure or if they energize genes (基因) that can deal with heat pressure, it will raise the corals’ chance of living through future ocean heat waves. “When I go down to the sea and see a beautiful healthy reef with these colorful corals, I feel this pleasure of being in this underwater world,” a famous biologist says. “It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight.” 1．What can we know from paragraph 1? A．Corals make algae more colorful. B．Algae provide room for corals to live in. C．Corals and algae depend on each other. D．Algae produce nitrogen to influence corals. 2．What does the underlined part “the first” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The heat wave in the early 1980s. B．The heat wave in the late 1990s. C．The Pacific waters in 2015—2016. D．The reefs’ disappearance by 2030. 3．What difficulty do corals face? A．They cannot completely adapt to heat waves. B．They cannot change their own metabolisms. C．They have no ability to swim to cooler waters. D．They have no ability to drive away harmful oxygen. 4．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．It’s necessary to live with corals. B．The ocean has become unhealthy. C．We should try our best to save corals. D．Making a study of the ocean is a must. 5．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Corals Die Out B．Corals Fight Back C．Corals Break Down D．Corals Come into Being 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．A 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了珊瑚礁在面对热浪时的适应方式以及科学家如何帮助珊瑚礁生存。 1．推理判断题。根据“Corals usually provide nitrogen (氮) to algae, and in return they get carbon (碳), which gives them energy.”可知珊瑚通常为藻类提供氮，作为回报，它们获得碳，这为它们提供了能量，可见珊瑚和藻类相互依赖。故选C。 2．词义猜测题。根据“In the early 1980s, a huge heat wave turned more than 90 percent of these corals a pale, lifeless white”以及“but scientists noticed that these heat waves didn’t influence the reefs as badly as the first.”可知这些热浪对珊瑚礁的影响并不像第一次那么严重，故此处“the first”指代的是1980年代初的热浪。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据“But all these adaptations can protect themselves only to some degree.”可知所有这些适应只能在一定程度上保护自己，可见珊瑚不能完全适应热浪。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据“It will be really sad to see it dead. But that does drive you to want to use your skills and your love to help fight”可知看到珊瑚死亡很伤心，这让我们想要帮助它们，即我们应该尽最大努力拯救珊瑚。故选C。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了珊瑚礁在面对热浪时的适应方式以及科学家如何帮助珊瑚礁生存，以选项B“珊瑚反击”为标题最合适。故选B。 要点梳理 细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实和细节进行理解。它们大都是根据文章中的具体信息如事实、例证、原因、过程、论述等进行提问的。有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案，有些则需要我们在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到，比如计算、排序、是非判断、图形比较等。 做细节理解题时，不必通篇细看原文，而常常可采取“带着问题找答案”的方法.先从问题中抓住关键性词语。然后以此为线索。要快速地辨认和记忆事实或细节，就要恰当地运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的段落、语句.仔细品味，对照比较.确定答案。有的细节理解题只要直接辨认不要求读者对客观的事实作出解释或判断，只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。同时还要求读者记住重要细节，在必要的时候（做判断、推断或结论的时候）能够准确而迅速地将他们回忆起来。 典例验知 【示例1】 ........................ But he didn’t stop there. Liam has another project called Legos (乐高) of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then sorted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters. One thing is certain: This now 12-year-old knows how to pay it forward (让爱传播出去). His Lunches of Love is an example of how even something as simple as a sandwich can change the world. 7．How did Liam help the children at homeless shelters? A．By raising money for them. B．By making sandwiches for them. C．By buying old toys for them. D．By creating a project called Legos of Love. 【答案】7．D 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了美国孩子Liam Hannon在暑假做爱心午餐等其它事情，帮助那些饥饿的人们的故事。 7．细节理解题。根据文中“Liam has another project called Legos (乐高) of Love. People send in their old toys, which are then sorted and given to children who are living at homeless shelters.”可知，Liam通过创建一个叫做爱的乐高的项目来帮助那些无家可归的孩子们。故选D。 【示例2】 The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it. “The art is environmentally friendly, and it makes our city lives warmer and more colorful,” said Xia Xin, one of the knitting artists. 34．Why is the art environmentally friendly? A．Because the plane trees were beautifully dressed. B．Because the art made the city lives more colorful. C．Because the art made people feel the coming of spring. D．Because the sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials and will be recycled. 【答案】D 【导语】本文主要讲述了南京外国语学校学生设计了梧桐树的毛衣，为南京带来了更多的温暖。 【解析】细节理解题。根据“The sweaters didn’t use any chemical materials, not even glue. After the show, students will recycle the wool (羊毛). They can do more things with it.”可知，因为毛衣没有使用任何化学材料，将被回收利用。故选D。 做这类题目时，一般都能在原文中找到出处，只要仔细就可以在文中找到答案。但正确的选择项不可能与阅读材料的原文完全相同，而是用不同的语句成句型表达相同的意思。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·福建宁德·期末）Do you want to learn about a special part of Chinese culture? The Min Dong She Ethnic (畲族) Museum in Ningde City is a great place to visit! It is very easy to get to because it is right across from the Ningde railway station. The museum was moved to this new building in 2022. It is a modern and interesting place for everyone. The museum first opened in 1989. It has a large number of old objects from the She people—over 5,000! Many of them are very important. The things you can see mostly tell the story of Ningde and the lives of the She people. You will find attractive traditional clothes, shiny silver accessories (银光闪闪的银饰), and old tools (工具). One very special thing to see is a group of old bowls. They came from a ship that went under the water a very long time ago, during the Yuan Dynasty. Inside, the museum has four big areas. Each one shows you something different: local history, old jobs like growing tea, important people from the area, and the rich culture of the She people. To make your visit more exciting, the museum uses cool technology like special pictures that look like real holograms (全息影像) and VR (虚拟现实). For example, you can watch a hologram of a She family celebration. You can also try VR to see how people practiced traditional sports. It makes you feel like you are part of the story! Visiting this museum is a wonderful experience. It helps you understand and respect the She people’s way of life. It is not just a building with old things—it is a fun journey into a living culture! 56．Where is the Min Dong She Ethnic Museum? A．It is next to Ningde City. B．It is in front of Ningde City. C．It is opposite to the Ningde railway station. D．It is on the right of the Ningde railway station. 57．What does the word “They” in the second paragraph refer to? A．The old bowls. B．The old tools. C．The She people. D．The traditional clothes. 58．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The history of the She people. B．The best way to get to the museum. C．The number of rooms in the museum. D．How the museum shows things to visitors. 59．Which of the following is an opinion from the text? A．The museum has over 5,000 old objects. B．Visiting the museum is a wonderful experience. C．The museum moved to a new building in 2022. D．The museum uses VR for a more exciting visit. 60．What can you infer (推断) about the museum? A．It is not open to the public. B．It is far away from the city center. C．It makes learning history fun and lively. D．It only shows things from the Yuan Dynasty. 【答案】56．C 57．A 58．D 59．B 60．C 【导语】文章介绍了宁德闽东畲族博物馆的地理位置、历史沿革和馆藏特色。它收藏了超过5000件畲族文物，并运用全息影像、VR等现代科技手段，生动展示畲族历史与文化，为参观者提供了一次寓教于乐的沉浸式文化之旅。 56．细节理解题。根据第一段“The Min Dong She Ethnic Museum in Ningde City is a great place to visit! It is very easy to get to because it is right across from the Ningde railway station.”可知，畲族博物馆在宁德火车站对面。故选C。 57．词句猜测题。根据第二段倒数第二句“One very special thing to see is a group of old bowls.”可知，前句引出了一组旧碗，则此处they指代的是“old bowls”。故选A。 58．主旨大意题。通读第三段尤其是“Inside, the museum has four big areas. Each one shows you something different…To make your visit more exciting, the museum uses cool technology…”可知，该段主要介绍了博物馆内部的四个大区域以及为了让游客的参观更令人兴奋，博物馆使用了很酷的技术，则该段主要是关于博物馆如何向游客展示展品。故选D。 59．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Visiting this museum is a wonderful experience.”可知，参观这个博物馆是一次奇妙的经历。故选B。 60．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It helps you understand and respect the She people’s way of life. It is not just a building with old things—it is a fun journey into a living culture!”可知，此处介绍了该博物馆能帮助你理解和尊重畲族人的生活方式。它不仅仅是一座古老的建筑——它是一次探索生活文化的有趣之旅，则该博物馆可以使学习历史变得有趣和生动。故选C。 Passage 2 （2025·福建福州·三模）On May 19, 2025, Xiaomi had big news: its own—made 3nm XRING O1 chip (芯片) started large—scale production. This made Xiaomi the fourth company in the world— after Apple, Qualcomm, and MediaTek- to learn 3nm chip design. It’s China’s first success in 3nm chip design. It shows Chinese companies can make new things in the chip—making field. What does “3nm” mean? It talks about the size of tiny parts on a chip called transistors (晶体管). A nanometer (nm) is very, very small-one billionth of a meter. To understand, a human hair is 16,000 times thicker than a 3nm part. Making these chips needs putting billions of tiny transistors on a small silicon (硅) piece. Smaller transistors make chips work faster and use less power. But making them needs high—tech tools like EUV lithography machines, which China can’t make yet. Xiaomi began working on chips in 2014. In 2017, its first chip, the 28nm Surge S1, had some problems. Xiaomi’s CEO, Lei Jun, said, “To be a top company, we must control key technologies.” Xiaomi wants not to depend too much on foreign companies like Qualcomm. So it could better manage its supply chain and create products that people need. Over ten years. Xiaomi spent 13.5 billion yuan and built a team of 2,500 engineers to achieve this goal. This success helps China need fewer foreign chips and makes its supply chain safer. Experts say that although China still has challenges in chip-making, Xiaomi’s design success makes it a strong global competitor and encourages more research in China. As Lei Jun said, “Every step in technology brings us closer to a better future.” Xiaomi’s story shows that hard work and patience are the key to innovation (创新). 36．Why does Xiaomi want to make its own chips? A．To depend less on foreign companies. B．To sell chips to Apple and Qualcomm. C．To make chips cheaper than others. D．To stop making phones. 37．What’s good about 3nm chips? A．They are thicker than human hair. B．They use more power C．They work faster and save energy. D．They don’t need transistors 38．What does Xiaomi’s success show about Chinese companies? A．They can only follow foreign technologies. B．They can innovate in high-tech fields. C．They don’t need to research new things. D．They only make cheap products. 39．Which of the following statements is right? A．Xiaomi is the third company in the world to master 3nm chip design. B．Smaller transistors on chips make them work faster and use more power. C．Xiaomi’s 3nm chip is China’s first success in 3nm chip design D．Xiaomi spent 1.35 billion yuan on chip research over ten years. 40．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Xiaomi’s new chip is called XRING O1. B．How to make tiny transistors on a chip C．Lei Jun is the CEO of Xiaomi. D．Xiaomi’s success in making a 3nm chip and its meaning. 【答案】36．A 37．C 38．B 39．C 40．D 【导语】本文报道小米公司成功地自主研发、量产3纳米芯片的意义。 36．细节理解题。根据第三段“Xiaomi wants not to depend too much on foreign companies like Qualcomm.”可知，小米制造自有芯片旨在减少对外国公司的过度依赖。故选A。 37．细节理解题。根据第二段“Smaller transistors make chips work faster and use less power.”可知，3纳米芯片的晶体管尺寸极小，使其具备运行速度更快和能耗更低的优势。故选C。 38．推理判断题。根据第一段“It shows Chinese companies can make new things in the chip—making field.” 这表明中国公司可以在芯片制造领域制造新事物；可知，小米的成功证明中国企业能够在芯片制造等高科技领域实现自主创新。故选B。 39．推理判断题。根据第一段“It’s China’s first success in 3nm chip design.” 这是中国首次在3纳米芯片设计上取得成功；可知，选项C项“小米的3nm芯片是中国在3nm芯片设计方面的首次成功”表述正确。故选C。 40．主旨大意题。本文报道小米公司成功地自主研发、量产3纳米芯片的意义；可知选项D“小米制造3nm芯片的成功及其意义。”符合文意。故选D。 考点二、词句猜测题 （2025·福建·中考真题） As we often use eyes to touch nature, most of us “lose” the ability to listen to the world. Peter writes music. He likes sounds and uses natural sounds as part of his music. He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs. Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth. He called these recordings “soundscapes”—the sound of a certain place. Every soundscape Peter recorded had a lot of information. Back in his workshop, Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music. The busier the picture, the richer the life in that place. “While a picture may be worth 1,000 words, a soundscape is worth 1,000 pictures,” Peter said. “Our ears tell us the sound of every leaf and animal and speak to the natural sources (来源) of our lives, which may hold the secrets of love for all things, especially our own humanity.” But not everything is satisfying. When Peter began recording over forty years ago, he could record for ten hours and get one hour of usable material good enough for a movie. Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent. His sound pictures show that although nature might look the same to humans, it has lost part of its orchestra (管弦乐队). So next time you are in the forests, try another way to look—shut your eyes, and listen. 6．Why did Peter record natural sounds? A．To write songs for a music group. B．To discover rich lives in the forest. C．To use some of them in his music. D．To make music about birds singing. 7．What does the underlined word “capture” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Shut. B．Catch. C．Touch. D．Check. 8．What is a sound picture in the text? A．The sound of every leaf and animal in nature. B．The sound recorded in the natural environment. C．A picture of music with sounds of 1,000 animals. D．A picture of music with natural sounds in a place. 9．What can we learn from paragraph 4? A．Recording sounds needs less material. B．Sound pictures are the same as before. C．Some beautiful sounds in nature are lost. D．Human activities improve recording results. 10．What does the writer mainly want to tell us? A．Nature is the source of our future. B．Nature has wonders to be heard. C．Making music enriches our lives. D．Making music needs information. 【答案】6．C 7．B 8．D 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文主要讲述了Peter通过录制自然声音来创作音乐，并强调了自然声音的丰富性和重要性。 6．细节理解题。根据“He often went out to the wild with his microphone and recorded interesting sounds to put in movies or to use in his own songs.”可知，Peter录制自然声音是为了在他的音乐中使用这些声音。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据“Instead of trying to capture just the sound of one animal or bird, he recorded the sound of everything all together—the animals, the trees, the wind and the earth”可知他没有试图只捕捉一种动物或鸟类的声音，而是把所有东西的声音都记录下来，故此处划线部分意为“捕捉”，和catch意义相近。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据“Peter used a computer to make a picture of all the sounds going on in a place. Each animal, bird and insect had its own place on the picture—its own notes in the music”可知“sound picture”是指用计算机制作的包含某个地方所有声音的图片，即包含自然声音的音乐图片。故选D。 9．细节理解题。根据“Now, because of human activities, it can take up to 1,000 hours or more to get the same thing. Some of the places he has recorded over the years have slowly fallen silent.”可知由于人类活动的影响，一些自然声音已经逐渐消失。故选C。 10．主旨大意题。本文主要讲述了Peter通过录制自然声音来创作音乐，并强调了自然声音的丰富性和重要性，所以文章主要告诉我们大自然有奇妙的声音。故选B。 要点梳理 阅读短文时，常常会遇到一些生词。这时，考生要沉着、冷静，细心思考。首先要把整段、整篇文章看完。 通过对全篇短文的理解，就有可能猜测出生词的大意。另外，还可以从含有生词句子的上下文，以及句子和段落之间的关系来判断、理解生词以求获得其真正含义。猜测生词的另一种方法是，根据构词法推测。遇到生词后，可从构词法角度分析判断生词。例如： inexpensive一词，其中词根expensive的含义是“贵的”。前缀in是“不”的意思，因此可以猜测此词词义为“不贵的，便宜的”。总之，猜词题可以用到以下技巧（1）. 根据文中的解释（2）. 使用逗号、破折号和括号等（3）. 根据同位语或根据同等关系（4）. 根据语义的转折关系（5）. 根据因果关系（6）. 根据构词法知识 （7）. 根据常识，上下文逻辑 典例验知 【示例1】 According to a report from Douyin, the number of fitness videos in 2021 increased by 134 percent, while followers of fitness trainers went up by 208 percent compared with the year before. People often search online for simple exercises that are demonstrated by personal trainers. These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more. 41．What does the underlined word “demonstrated” in Paragraph 2 mean? A．To build a dream. B．To give some advice. C．To show how something is done. D．To ask questions about something. 【答案】C 【导语】 本文主要讲述了人们越来越热衷于网上健身。 【解析】词义猜测题。根据that引导的定语从句修饰先行词simple exercises结合后文“These trainers do a great job in both teaching and leading people to exercise more.”可知，是培训师演示的简单锻炼，因此demonstrated意为“To show how something is done.”，故选C。 【示例2】 The process is simple. Using an app developed by Lee and his team, restaurants report how much leftover food they have each day, and then volunteers collect the food from these restaurants and deliver(投递) it to homeless shelters and food kitchens. In the end, the food will be delivered to those in need. Lee believes this is a very good way of delivery. 36．The underlined word “they” in the fourth paragraph refers to _________. A．volunteers B．restaurants C．Lee and his team D．people in need 【答案】36．B 36．词义猜测题。根据“Using an app developed by Lee and his team, restaurants report how much leftover food they have each day”可知，用这个应用程序，餐厅可以报告每天它们有多少剩下的食物，所以they指代“restaurants”，故选B。 解这类题型时，考生应认真阅读原文，分析其对某些科学原理是如何定义、如何解释的，并以此为突破口抽象概括出生词词义。也可以通过上下文来猜测某个陌生词语的语意。或者找出某个词语在文章中的同义词。要注意破折号、同位语从句、定语从句、插入语等具有解释、说明作用的语言成分。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·福建厦门·期末） On Nov. 14, Gen Zers Research Center published a research report. After surveying Gen Zers (people born between 1995 and 2010) in 31 countries, the report shows that young people around the world are increasingly interested in China, attracted (吸引) by its culture, development and chances. Gen Zers not only love China’s traditional culture, but also experience it in creative ways. For example, after learning many Chinese customs and visiting historic places, Ukrainian artist Yelizaveta now tries to combine (结合) Chinese and Western art styles in her works. By studying the deeper meanings in Chinese paintings, she creates new works with a mixed style. They attract the attention of young people worldwide. Apart from culture and long history, Gen Zers are now interested in China’s modern life. Nguyen, a 22-year-old from Vietnam, visited the Great Wall during the National Day holiday. She said that China’s high-speed trains, together with public services totally changed her understanding of long travel. They stay well organized even during busy holidays. She also praised, “Mobile payments like Alipay and WeChat are not just convenient, they show the quality of modern life.” Gen Zers have also come to understand China’s growing role in the world. August Hagen from Norway noticed that China wins more trust and brings shared progress to the world. He said, “China has made great progress in recent years. It has more say internationally, which means more nations listen when China speaks up. This turns China into an active and key member of the global team, helping to build a better world with others.” 66．The research report on Nov. 14 tells us Gen Zers _________ China. A．show interest in B．want to live in C．bring chances to D．do research in 67．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．Chinese customs.B．Historic places. C．Deeper meanings. D．New works. 68．What changed Nguyen’s understanding of long travel? ①busy holidays    ②high-speed trains    ③public services    ④mobile payments A．①② B．②③ C．③④ D．①④ 69．The underlined part “It has more say internationally” is the closest in meaning to _________. A．China’s voice is heard more B．China needs to help more C．China’s development is fast D．China brings shared progress 70．How does the writer develop the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples. C．By listing numbers. D．By comparing facts. 【答案】66．A 67．D 68．B 69．A 70．B 【导语】本文主要讲述一项研究报告显示Z世代对中国的文化、发展和机遇越来越感兴趣，并通过具体事例展现了他们对中国传统文化的喜爱、对现代生活的体验以及对中国国际地位的认知。 66．细节理解题。根据“the report shows that young people around the world are increasingly interested in China”可知，这份报告告诉我们Z世代对中国表现出兴趣。故选A。 67．词句猜测题。根据“she creates new works with a mixed style”可知，划线单词指代的是前面出现的“new works”。故选D。 68．细节理解题。根据“She said that China’s high-speed trains, together with public services totally changed her understanding of long travel. ”可知，是高铁和公共服务改变了Nguyen对长途旅行的理解。故选B。 69．词句猜测题。根据“which means more nations listen when China speaks up”可知，中国在国际上有更多话语权，也就是中国的声音能被更多国家听到，选项A与之接近。故选A。 70．细节理解题。文章中通过列举乌克兰艺术家Yelizaveta、越南的Nguyen、挪威的August Hagen等人的例子来展开文章。故选B。 Passage 2 （2025·福建宁德·二模）When visitors in the Palace Museum need to sit down for a cup of tea or find a bathroom without a long line, they will be able to turn to their smartphones for the information they need. Thanks to an agreement signed by the museum and Huawei, a “smart network” will be built by using 5G technology. Under the agreement, 5G Wi-Fi signals will cover the Palace Museum. “It’s important to use the latest technology to better serve the public,” said Shan Jixiang, former director of the Palace Museum. “There is still much room for improvement in dealing with cultural relics (文物). I remember that when Along the River During the Qingming Festival was exhibited (展览) in 2015, some visitors waited in the lines for nearly a whole day to have a look. I don’t want that scenario to happen again,” Shan said, “Our work can be done in a more scientific way.” In the new system, more than 1.86 million of cameras are set up all over the Palace Museum to safeguard the museum’s precious relics. “How can we make sure no single visitor who might have bad ideas threatens these treasures?” Shan said, “After using 5G technology, we can immediately notice movement about the relics to prevent such threats.” The 5G network will also be used to improve remote (远程的) meetings through webcams, in which scholars will discuss together to find the best answers for repair and store issues. 11．What does the underlined word “scenario” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Invitation. B．Situation. C．Education. D．Celebration. 12．What is the purpose of the writer listing the number of cameras in Paragraph 4? A．To show the Palace Museum enjoys great popularity all over the world. B．To show the Palace Museum is better than any other museums. C．To show the Palace Museum faces a big challenge of protecting relics. D．To show how many collections of cultural relics in the Palace Museum. 13．What can we learn from the passage? A．No one has the ideas of making the cultural relics broken. B．Scholars must attend face-to-face meetings to discuss repair and store issues. C．The waiting line will be much longer because of the smart network. D．5G technology helps keep an eye on cultural relics at anytime to prevent danger. 14．What is the main purpose of using 5G technology in the Palace Museum according to the article? A．To attract more tourists. B．To improve visitor services and protect cultural relics. C．To replace all traditional security methods. D．To reduce the number of cameras in the museum. 15．The best title for the passage can be “________”. A．A Connection Between Old and New B．A New Kind of Camera C．The Introduction of 5G Technology D．The Beauty of Chinese Cultural Relics 【答案】11．B 12．C 13．D 14．B 15．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫博物院与华为签署协议，利用5G技术打造“智能网络”，以改善游客服务并加强对文物的保护。 11．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“I remember that when Along the River During the Qingming Festival was exhibited in 2015, some visitors waited in the lines for nearly a whole day to have a look. I don’t want that scenario to happen again”可知，单霁翔记得2015年《清明上河图》展出时，一些游客排了近一天的队只为看一眼，结合“I don’t want that...to happen again”可知，他不想让这种情况再次发生，由此可推断出scenario意为“情况”。故选B。 12．推理判断题。根据第四段中“How can we make sure no single visitor who might have bad ideas threatens these treasures?”以及“After using 5G technology, we can immediately notice movement about the relics to prevent such threats”可知，故宫博物院面临着保护文物的巨大挑战，安装摄像头是为了确保没有心怀不轨的游客威胁这些宝藏，使用5G技术后，可以立即注意到文物的移动，以防止此类威胁。由此可推断出作者列举摄像头的数量是为了展示故宫博物院在保护文物方面面临着巨大的挑战。故选C。 13．细节理解题。根据第四段中“After using 5G technology, we can immediately notice movement about the relics to prevent such threats”可知，使用5G技术后，可以立即注意到文物的移动，以防止此类威胁，即5G技术有助于随时监控文物以防止危险。故选D。 14．推理判断题。根据第三段中“It’s important to use the latest technology to better serve the public”以及第四段中“How can we make sure no single visitor who might have bad ideas threatens these treasures?”可知，使用5G技术是为了更好地服务公众，并确保没有心怀不轨的游客威胁这些宝藏，由此可推断出在故宫博物院使用5G技术的主要目的是改善游客服务和保护文物。故选B。 15．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了故宫博物院与华为签署协议，利用5G技术打造“智能网络”，将古老的故宫博物院与现代科技相结合，既改善了游客服务，又加强了对文物的保护。选项A“新旧之间的联系”符合文章主旨，适合作为标题。故选A。 考点三、判断推理题 （2024·福建·中考真题） It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association (CWCA,中国野生动物保护协会) will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership. The CWCA has organized experienced caretakers and doctors to go with the pandas to the US. The zoo is getting ready to provide the pandas with a larger and more comfortable living environment. It has also formed a team with special skills related with panda care, daily nursing, and scientific research. The cooperation (合作) between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo. Giant pandas Hua Mei, born in 1999, and Mei Sheng, born in 2003, who used to live there, are the result of China-US giant panda research cooperation. Over the past twenty years, the two sides have cooperated and solved many technical problems, including important discoveries in key areas like panda raising. Since the 1990s, China has cooperated on giant panda conservation with 20 countries. “International cooperation in fields such as disease prevention and control, treatment, and wild training and reintroduction to the wild, has achieved good results. Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better,” said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. “Scientific and educational outreach (延伸服务) also serves as a key role in international giant panda exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in protecting wild giant pandas,” Li said. 16．China’s sending Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo means ________. A．a good living condition for pandas B．a new age of conservation cooperation C．a great achievement in scientific research D．a long-term plan for training panda caretakers 17．How long have the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo cooperated? A．21 years. B．25 years. C．28 years. D．34 years. 18．What is Paragraph 2 mainly about? A．The history of the cooperation. B．The raising of the giant pandas. C．The lives of the pandas in the US. D．The process of solving the problems. 19．What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Expect. B．Create. C．Improve. D．Receive. 20．What do we know from the last paragraph? A．Scientific research is well on its way. B．The outreach plays an important part. C．The cooperation requires international support. D．Education about wildlife protection is a big success. 【答案】16．B 17．C 18．A 19．C 20．B 【导语】本文介绍了中国对大熊猫外交的重视程度，并呼吁人们保护大熊猫。 16．细节理解题。根据“It was reported in May 2024 that the China Wildlife Conservation Association will send giant pandas Yun Chuan and Xin Bao to the San Diego Zoo in the United States, which is a symbol of a new 10-year period of international conservation partnership.”可知中国野生动物保护协会将把大熊猫云川和鑫宝送往美国圣地亚哥动物园，这标志着双方新的10年国际保护伙伴关系。故选B。 17．推理判断题。根据“The cooperation between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo.”可知中国野生动物保护协会和圣地亚哥动物园的合作是从1996年开始，到现在已经28年了。故选C。 18．推理判断题。根据“The cooperation between the CWCA and the San Diego Zoo dates back to 1996 when Bai Yun and Shi Shi became the first pair of pandas to live in the zoo.”可知本段介绍了中国野生动物保护协会和圣地亚哥动物园的合作。故选A。 19．词义推断题。根据“Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better”可知大熊猫会促进人们的沟通，让世界人们了解中国，facilitate有“促进”的意思，用improve意思相近。故选C。 20．推理判断题。根据“Scientific and educational outreach also serves as a key role in international giant panda exchanges, allowing more people to understand giant pandas, which provides very good support for our efforts in protecting wild giant pandas,”可知最后一段介绍了延伸服务的重要作用。故选B。 推理判断题是阅读理解试题中的重要题型之一, 包括判断和推理两个方面，属于主观题, 是阅读理解中层次较高的题目, 因此也是考生失分率较高的题型。需要在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的暗示, 做出一定的判断和推理, 从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。 推断则是指通过对文章进行符合逻辑的综合分析，推出文章未直接陈述的言外之意。推断正确与否，很大程度上取决于是否能正确把握作者潜隐在字里行间的语气及观点。推理判断题主要有以下几种形式：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图推断题、观点态度题等。 这类题目常见的设问方式有： 1. What was the author’s attitude towards ...?  2. The passage is intended to ... 3. The author suggests that ... 4. The author implies that… 5. Which point of view may the author agree to? 6. From the passage we can conclude that... 7. The purpose of the passage is to...。 典例验知 【示例1】 So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well. 9．What is Mike’s attitude (态度) to Chinese high-speed rail train? A．He looks down upon it. B．He dislikes it. C．He thinks highly of it. D．He hates it. 【答案】 9．C 【分析】作者通过自己从北京到天津出差经历，高度赞扬了中国先进的高铁系统。 9．观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“So in my opinion, if we think highly of China’s modern wonders, I believe its high-speed rail system must be one of them. And it's one symbol of a new China and a sign of China’s strength (实力) as well.”可知，在Mike看来，高铁系统是新中国的标志之一。所以，Mike的观点是高度赞扬了中国的高铁。故选C。 【示例2】 One difference on raising children is at what age and to what extent (程度) they are given freedom outside the home. The government and the people of Norway believe that it is better for children to learn to be independent from a very early age. Almost all children are typically sent to daycare at age one in Norway. ________ when it comes to raising independent children. In fact, it would not be uncommon for a Japanese child to walk or ride a bike or take a public bus to school alone or even to shop at a local store without a parent. On the other hand, in Kenya, children stay with their mothers the whole day. 1．Which of the following can be put into ________ in Paragraph 2? A．Japan has totally different ideas B．Japan also has their own ideas C．Japan also has similar ideas D．Japan also has interesting ideas 【答案】C 【导语】本文主要讨论了父母在孩子生活中应该扮演的角色以及不同文化对于孩子教育的方式。 【解析】推理判断题。根据“The government and the people of Norway believe that it is better for children to learn to be independent from a very early age”可知，挪威政府和人民认为，儿童 最好从小就学会独立。根据“when it comes to raising independent children. In fact, it would not be uncommon for a Japanese child to walk or ride a bike or take a public bus to school alone or even to shop at a local store without a parent.”可知，事实上，日本孩子独自步行、骑自行车或乘坐公共巴士上学，甚至在没有父母的情况下在当地商店购物。所以挪威和日本有相似的理念。故选C。 解决这类题型时，应该根据不同的推理判断方法解题。学生要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。答案不可能在文章中直接找到，而且推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，切忌过度推测或无理由推测，要结合语境和常识推论出未知部分，把握作者的言外之意。 Passage 1 （2026·福建福州·一模）One report by Ember, a global energy group, says the world’s solar and wind farms produced more electricity than coal power plants for the first time. The world produced nearly one-third more solar power in the first half of 2025 than in the same period last year. The growing solar power met 83% of the increase in world’s electricity demand (需求). Besides, wind power grew by over 7%. Together, they filled nearly all of the global growth in electricity demand. “This milestone is an important turning point,” says Malgorzata Wiatros-Motyka, the writer of the report. “Solar and wind power are now growing fast enough to meet the world’s growing needs for electricity,” she said. “This marks clean power is developing at the same speed as the growing electricity demand.” According to Ember’s report, China added more renewable energy than the rest of the world together. And another report by the International Energy Agency (IEA) shows China has been the world’s biggest growing market for renewables. The following explains the success: ● In 2023, China spent about $700 billion on clean energy—almost the same amount as that of all other countries together. ● In 2024, China added 356.61 gigawatts (GW) of new wind and solar power capacity (容量), which is more than Germany’s total power capacity of 352 GW. ● In 2024, China’s coal use increased by 1.7% compared with 2023, while its share of total energy use fell by 1.6%. ● China makes 80% of the world’s solar panels (板) and is the No.1 seller of wind turbines and batteries, helping many countries change to cleaner energy too. However, in the U. S. , electricity demand grew faster than renewables growth, leading to a 17% rise in coal power in the first half of 2025. And in the E.U., slow growth in electricity demand met an unexpected problem: a weather-related drop in wind and hydropower (水力发电) caused more use of gas and coal, even though solar power was developing rapidly. 21．What does the underlined word “This milestone” refer to? A．Solar and wind power have replaced the use of gas and coal. B．83% of the world electricity was from wind power in 2025. C．Rising wind and solar power nearly met global electricity growth. D．The world’s coal power plants are developing at a rapid speed in 2025. 22．What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about? A．Growing renewables demand in China. B．China’s contribution to global clean energy. C．Growing numbers of renewable farms in China. D．China’s latest research on solar panels and batteries. 23．Which picture shows coal use and its share of total energy use in China (2023-2024)? A． B． C． D． 24．How did the U. S. deal with its growing energy demand in the first half of 2025? A．By producing more solar power. B．By increasing the use of coal power. C．By raising the output of wind and hydropower. D．By controlling the growth speed of energy demand. 25．Which would be the best title for the text? A．Global Renewables: Wind Stands Out B．Global Energy: Renewables Share Rises C．World Energy Increase: Gas & Coal Go Up D．World Electricity Demand: Solar Panels Lead 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了全球范围内可再生能源（风能、太阳能）所占比重不断上升，并首次超过煤电。 21．词句猜测题。根据“The growing solar power met 83% of the increase in world’s electricity demand (需求). Besides, wind power grew by over 7%. Together, they filled nearly all of the global growth in electricity demand.”可知，This milestone指的是上文提到的“增长迅猛的风能和太阳能几乎满足了全球用电增长”。故选C。 22．主旨大意题。根据“China added more renewable energy than the rest of the world together.”及整段内容可知，本段主要讲中国在清洁能源方面的巨大投入及领先地位，强调其对全球清洁能源的贡献。故选B。 23．推理判断题。根据“In 2024, China’s coal use increased by 1.7% compared with 2023, while its share of total energy use fell by 1.6%.”可知，2024 年中国的煤炭使用量比 2023 年上升 1.7%，而煤炭占总体能源的比例下降 1.6%，故图中应体现2024年煤炭使用量的柱状比2023年更高，而代表所占比例的折线则应比2023年更低。故选A。 24．推理判断题。根据“in the U. S. , electricity demand grew faster than renewables growth, leading to a 17% rise in coal power in the first half of 2025.”可知，美国2025年上半年电力需求增长超过了新能源增长，导致煤电使用量上升17%，可见美国是通过“增加煤电使用”来应对能源需求。故选B。 25．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍全球范围内可再生能源所占比重不断上升，并首次超过煤电。故选项B“全球能源：可再生能源占比上升”符合本文标题。故选B。 考点四、主旨大意题 （2023·福建·中考真题）Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words. It’s the first time it’s been done without having to put anything into the brain. They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to “think” for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence. Scientists used a special scanner (扫描器). The machine can see where blood runs, which shows the parts of the brain that are most active. People taking part in the experiment (实验) listened to the radio for 16 hours as their brains were scanned. The AI tool learned to connect certain brain activity with words they heard. After that, each person was asked to think of a story, and the AI tool managed to pick up these thoughts as they happened. The results had about a 50% accuracy rate (准确率), although the AI found it hard to work out the meaning of pronouns, such as he or she, her or him. For example, it turned “I don’t have my driver’s license yet” into “She has not even started to learn to drive yet.” It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than the exact words. The AI was personalized, so when it had learnt from one person but it was tested on another, it couldn’t understand their thoughts. The scientists, who have been working on the technology for 15 years, say they understand the risks of it being used badly. Scientist Jerry Tang told a newspaper, “We want to make sure people only use these types of technologies when they want to, and that it helps them.” The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again. 31．What does the underlined word “It” in paragraph 1 refer to (指代)? A．A way. B．Anything. C．The brain. D．AI. 32．What is the main purpose of paragraph 2? A．To describe the process of the experiment. B．To explain the results of the experiment. C．To offer some opinions about the experiment. D．To list the difficulties with the experiment. 33．What does the example in paragraph 3 show? A．The AI is much cleverer than people. B．The AI didn’t start the work as it was ordered. C．The AI couldn’t understand the exact words of what people thought. D．The AI will be well developed according to people’s special needs. 34．What can we learn from the text? A．It is not difficult to take AI under control. B．AI will not be used in a proper way in the future. C．AI is so wise that it can treat people with medical problems. D．It’s expected that AI will help those speechless exchange ideas. 35．What can be the best title for the text? A．High Risks of Using AI. B．Mind-Reading Development. C．Importance of Human Brain. D．Ways of Improving Technology. 【答案】31．D 32．A 33．C 34．D 35．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。 31．代词指代题。分析“They used artificial intelligence (AI) (人工智能). It is the name given to a computer system that is able to ‘think’ for itself and carry out tasks that usually require human intelligence.”可知，他们使用了人工智能，它是一种计算机系统的名称，它能够自己“思考”，并执行通常需要人类智能才能完成的任务。此处It指的是AI，故选D。 32．段落大意题。分析第二段内容可知，本段主要介绍这种特殊的扫描仪的实验过程，故选A。 33．细节理解题。根据“For example, it turned ‘I don’t have my driver’s license yet’ into ‘She has not even started to learn to drive yet.’ It could usually understand the meaning of what someone was thinking rather than the exact words.”可知，例如，它把“我还没有驾照”变成了“她甚至还没有开始学开车。”它通常能理解人们在想什么，而不是确切的话语。故选C。 34．推理判断题。根据“Scientists have developed a way to read minds, translating unspoken thoughts into written words.”和“The scientists hope it will help people with certain medical conditions, who are still awake but have lost the ability to speak, to communicate once again.”可知，可以将将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字，科学家们希望它能帮助那些患有某些疾病的人，那些仍然清醒但失去了说话能力的人，再次与人交流。由此可知，预计人工智能将帮助那些失去语言能力的人交流思想。故选D。 35．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍科学家开发出一种读心的方法，将未说出口的想法转化为书面文字。选项B“读心术的发展”符合主题，故选B。 文章段落的首句和末句，一般表达文章的主题和段落的中心思想，其他句子只起补充、说明、解释或引申的作用。因此，首先要搜索目标，找出文章及段落中的主题句，了解了它们的含义，就可以顺着提供的主要线索去捕捉文章的相关信息，从而获得解决问题的答案。最有效的办法是找出主题句。主题句一般具有三个特点： （1）表述的意思通常是总结性的； （2）句子结构较简单，多数都不采用长、难句的形式； （3）段落中其他的句子必定是用来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表述的主题思想的。 说明文常用文章大意判断题考查考生对通篇文意的理解。即对文章的主题或中心意思的概括和归纳。主要考查考生对文章的整体理解能力。命题形式常以如下方式： This passage mainly talks about ____. What is the main idea of the passage? This passage mainly talks about …   典例验知 【示例1】 The day was Thankful Thursday. It’s a weekly tradition that my two little girls and I began years ago. We always go out in the world and do charity (慈善) work. Last Thursday, we were going to buy lunch for the beggars (乞丐) in the street. I ordered 15 lunches from McDonald’s (麦当劳) and decided to hand them out. ...................................... ....................................... I don’t know if the woman noticed the tears (泪水) in my eyes. I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference. Yet at that moment, I realized the truth of Mother Teresa’s words: “We cannot do great things—only small things with great love.” 13．What does the article want to tell us? A．It’s difficult to help everyone in need. B．A small act of kindness means a lot. C．Each family has its own problems. 【答案】 13．B 13．主旨大意题。根据“I have questioned many times whether our acts of kindness were too small to make a difference”可知，这篇文章想告诉我们一个小小的善行意味着许多，故选B。 【示例2】 “Barbara and I get along so well, ” Golan said. “We have a lot of fun chatting together. I care about her. She's like a new friend.” It might sound crazy hiring a stranger to act as a grandchild. However, these young people are a great help to old people who live alone. 43．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Grandchildren Needed B．More Volunteers Wanted C．Family Problems Solved D．Papa Advertisement Found 【答案】43．A 43．最佳标题。根据文章最后一段中“It might sound crazy hiring a stranger to act as a grandchild. However, these young people are a great help to old people who live alone.”可知雇一个陌生人当孙子听起来可能很疯狂。然而，这些年轻人对独居的老人有很大的帮助，故选A。 答题时首先阅读题干，掌握问题的类型，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。 Passage 1 （25-26九年级上·福建泉州·期末）Fast fashion has changed the way we dress. Clothes are cheaper and easier to buy than ever before. But there is a hidden price: the environment. Every year, about 92 million tons of clothing are thrown away. That is like a garbage truck full of clothes being thrown away every second. Imagine all those shirts, pants, and dresses ending up in landfills（垃圾填埋场）! To solve this problem, a group of Austrian researchers led by Thomas Harter has a smart idea: turn old clothes into stronger packaging paper. Instead of letting clothes rot（腐烂）in landfills, they give them a second life. The process starts with cutting the clothes into tiny pieces. These pieces are put in a water-based solution（溶液）, and then they go through a special machine. This step separates the cotton fibers（纤维）. After that, the fibers are mixed with recycled paper pulp（纸浆）. Here’s the cool part: textile（纺织品）fibers are much longer than paper fibers. Because of this, they make the final paper stronger. The new paper looks a bit brown and has small spots（点）of color from the old clothes. But it works well for packaging and can be recycled just like normal paper. The project is still new, but the team hopes to improve it by using some safe chemicals. This would make the process faster, cheaper, and more environmentally friendly. When the new method is ready, it could help reduce textile waste around the world. One more good thing? The new paper is stronger, so it can be used longer. This means less paper will be thrown away when making packaging. 41．How does the writer lead in the topic of the text? A．By listing the steps to recycle old clothes. B．By telling a story about Austrian researchers. C．By asking a question about the environment. D．By showing the environmental problem caused by fast fashion. 42．What is Paragraph 3 mainly about? A．The way to cut the clothes into tiny pieces. B．The environmental advantages the project can bring. C．The process of turning old clothes into packaging paper. D．The differences between textile fibers and paper fibers. 43．What makes the new paper stronger? A．Paper fibers. B．Small spots. C．Long textile fibers. D．Safe chemicals. 44．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 4 refer to? A．The color. B．The new paper. C．The project. D．The recycled paper pulp. 45．What would be the best title for the text? A．Reducing Fast Fashion Waste B．Giving Old Clothes a Second Life C．How to Protect the Environment D．How to Make Stronger Packaging Paper 【答案】41．D 42．C 43．C 44．B 45．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了快时尚带来的服装浪费问题，以及奥地利研究人员将旧衣服转化为更坚固包装纸的创新方案，阐述了该方案的流程、优势及意义。 41．文章开头指出：“Fast fashion has changed the way we dress... But there is a hidden price: the environment... 92million tons of clothing are thrown away”，说明作者通过展示快时尚造成的环境问题引出主题。 42．第三段详细说明：“The process starts with cutting the clothes into tiny pieces... These pieces are put in a water-based solution... go through a special machine... separate the cotton fibers... mixed with recycled paper pulp”，可知该段主要介绍旧衣服转化为包装纸的过程。 43．第四段指出：“textile fibers are much longer than paper fibers. Because of this, they make the final paper stronger”，说明长纤维让新纸张更坚固。 44．第四段中“it”所在句为“The new paper looks a bit brown and has small spots of color from the old clothes. But it works well for packaging...”，这里的“it”指代前一句的主语“The new paper”。 45．文章核心是“turn old clothes into stronger packaging paper”，即给旧衣服赋予新的用途（二次生命），“Giving Old Clothes a Second Life”最能概括文章主旨。 Passage 2 （25-26九年级上·福建龙岩·期末）December 5 is International Volunteer Day. It reminds us how powerful it is to help others. Volunteering is when you give up your time for free to help someone else. You might help a charity, take care of the environment, or support a team like teaching younger children how to play sports. Volunteering helps both the people you help and yourself. It can help you understand how others feel. “Volunteering is good for your mind. It makes you feel happy almost like your heart is smiling” says Maddy Mills from the Family Volunteering Club. This group helps children and their families take part in helpful activities in their communities. Volunteering can also be good for your body. “If you walk to pick up litter or plant trees in a park, you’re also getting some exercise,” says Maddy. You can meet new people, make friends, and learn useful skills. Sometimes, it even helps you find what you want to do in the future. Before you start volunteering, it’s important to let your parents join in your decisions. And you need to make sure everyone is happy with the people, activities or organizations you will help. If you can, volunteer with friends or family members. You can call local charities or companies to see if they need any help. If you’re at secondary school, you could consider signing up for the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award. This programme includes a volunteering part and offers many ideas and support to help you begin. 51．What is a volunteer activity according to Paragraph 2? A．Making new friends. B．Giving free help. C．Learning useful skills. D．Getting some exercise. 52．What does Paragraph 3 mainly discuss about volunteering? A．Its types. B．Its rules. C．Its differences. D．Its advantages. 53．What is the key advice before volunteering? A．Win a prize. B．Discuss it with your parents. C．Call local companies. D．Turn to teachers. 54．What can we learn from the text? A．Volunteering mainly improves their physical health. B．Volunteering makes them make friends easily at once. C．Volunteering with family members is a good choice. D．Volunteering alone is more effective than with others. 55．The main purpose of the text is to ________. A．encourage young people to try volunteering B．discuss the advantages of outdoor activities C．explain the history of International Volunteer Day D．introduce the Duke of Edinburgh’s Award program 【答案】51．B 52．D 53．B 54．C 55．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了志愿服务的定义、好处以及如何开始志愿服务。 51．细节理解题。根据“Volunteering is when you give up your time for free to help someone else.”可推知，志愿活动是指提供免费帮助。故选B。 52．主旨大意题。根据“Volunteering helps both the people you help and yourself.”以及本段后续内容主要讨论志愿服务对心理、身体、社交等方面的益处，可推知本段主要讨论志愿服务的优势。故选D。 53．细节理解题。根据“Before you start volunteering, it’s important to let your parents join in your decisions.”可推知，志愿服务前的关键建议是与父母讨论。故选B。 54．推理判断题。根据“If you can, volunteer with friends or family members.”可推知，与家人一起志愿服务是一个好选择。故选C。 55．推理判断题。文章从国际志愿者日引入，介绍了志愿服务的定义、好处和开始方法，整体目的是鼓励年轻人尝试志愿服务。故选A。 考点五、篇章结构题 （2024·福建·中考真题）Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them. Only about 20 percent of the seafloor has been mapped, and the remaining 80 percent is still a secret to us. Some scientists even think that 91 percent of sea animals have yet to be discovered. So why do we know so little about the deep sea? Well, getting to those depths is very difficult and requires high technology that simply didn’t come into being for most of human history. The first navigable submarine (可驾驶的潜水艇), for example, was built in 1620, and it couldn’t go more than five meters below the surface. In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore (探索) the deep sea. However, this changed in 1862 when life was discovered as far down as 945 meters below sea level with the help of a digging machine. Ten years later, around 4, 700 species (物种) unknown before from the ocean floor were discovered. Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult? Well, at greater depths it is freezing (极冷的), everything is completely dark, and the pressure can be over 1, 000 times greater than that on the surface. Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas. They help control the earth’s temperature and produce half of the oxygen (O2) in the air. They can also provide us with information about climate change. Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface. 21．Why are some numbers listed in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce how important oceans are. B．To discuss why sea animals have yet to be found out. C．To explain that oceans cover a large area of the earth. D．To show that we have only a little understanding of oceans. 22．What caused the change of exploration into the deep sea? A．High technology. B．Unknown species. C．A pleasant environment. D．Valuable information. 23．What does the underlined word “They” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Sea animals. B．The seas. C．The satellites. D．Many scientists. 24．What can we learn from the text? A．It is difficult to build a navigable submarine. B．The seas have a strong influence on our future. C．The seas have no lives at a depth of 550 meters. D．It is easier to go into the deep sea than we think. 25．What could be the best title of the text? A．Hidden Treasures in Deep Sea B．Unlocked Secrets of Deep Sea C．Deep-Sea Exploration: Into the Freezing Depths D．Deep-Sea Exploration: The Past and the Future 【答案】21．D 22．A 23．B 24．B 25．C 【导语】本文介绍了了解海洋的重要性。 21．推理判断题。根据“Though oceans cover about 71 percent of the earth’s surface, there’s still a lot we don’t know about them.…”可知列举的数字表明，尽管海洋覆盖地球的71%，但是我们仍然知之甚少。故选D。 22．推理判断题。根据“In fact, for a long time many scientists didn’t even think that there could be any life at depths greater than 550 meters and didn’t see much need to explore the deep sea.”和“Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites.”可知探索深海需要高科技的帮助。故选A。 23．词义推断题。根据“Though we have the difficulties, it’s important that we understand the seas.”可知虽然我们有困难，但了解海洋是很重要的。此处they指代上文的seas。故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据“Our future depends on learning more about our oceans, and it is possible for us to really understand what is ongoing below the surface.”可知我们的未来取决于更多地了解我们的海洋，说明海洋对我们的未来有很大影响。故选B。 25．最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了探索海洋的重要性，根据“Since then, high technology has been developed to help explore the deep sea, including satellites. But why is deep-sea exploration still so difficult?”可知主要是介绍深海探究的现状，并不是过去与未来。故选C。 要点梳理 篇章结构题是中考英语阅读理解的高频题型，侧重考查对文章整体行文逻辑、段落间关系、写作手法的理解，核心考查学生的语篇分析和逻辑梳理能力。说明文：①总分总（最常考）：总起（提出说明对象）→ 分述（从特征 / 原因 / 用途 / 步骤等角度说明，多为并列 / 递进）→ 总结（重申对象价值 / 特点）；②总分：总起 + 分述，无结尾总结；③并列式：几个段落分别从不同角度说明同一对象，无明显主次。 典例验知 【示例1】 Spatial (空间) learning is an important skill in the animal kingdom. This is because it helps animals find food when it’s not easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are known to do this. A recent study has found that the butterfly also has ability of spatial learning. This butterfly comes from South and Central America. And it’s known for different types of wing patterns. In the study, the research team carried out spatial learning experiments on butterflies under three different spatial conditions. First, they tested the insect’s ability to learn the location of real food in a 1-square-meter space made up of 16 fake (假的) flowers. This test represented (代表) searching for food in a single area. And they tested if the butterflies could learn to connect food with either the left or right side of a 3-square-meter two-armed maze (迷宫), representing many plants at a single place. The team then increased the distances again. They used large outdoor cages (笼子) to test if the butterflies could learn the location of food in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze looks like the letter T. This test represented searching for food in the wild. This was closer to the conditions in which the insect finds food in the wild. The experiments on butterflies show signs of spatial learning-they can remember the spatial location of their food. In the future studies, the team plans to test if they are better at spatial learning than closely-related species (近亲物种). 25．What’s the structure (结构) of the passage? (P=Paragraph) A． B． C． D． 【答案】A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。 【解析】篇章结构题。通读全文，第一段介绍了空间学习在动物中的重要性；第二段介绍了来自美洲的蝴蝶也有这样的技能；第三段至第五段为科学家做的三次实验；最后一段给出结论，动物可以记住食物的空间位置。因此选项A中的结构符合题意。故选A。 【示例2】 Where is the world’s best high-speed rail system? In China! High-speed railway, which has developed quickly in recent years, has become a famous name card of China. In the past ten years, China’s high-speed rail network (高速铁路网) has grown from under 10, 000 kilometers to over 40, 000 kilometers, making it the world’s longest high-speed rail network, long enough to circle the entire equator (整个赤道). From the old-style green trains to the Fuxing high-speed trains, China’s high-speed railways have developed quickly and brought us closer to our hometown villages. In 2016, the Shanghai-Kunming High-speed Railway opened to traffic. The distances between nearly 340 traditional villages and high-speed railway stations have been reduced to less than one hour, while most of them were more than three hours away from the stations before the railway opened. With China’s high-speed trains becoming faster and faster, people can save more travel time. For example, you can leave from Beijing in the morning to take part in a meeting in Shanghai at noon. Then, you can arrive at Hangzhou in the afternoon, enjoying the beauty of the West Lake. In the evening, you can return to Beijing safely. China’s high-speed railway has already gone to the world. In 2014, An-Yi high-speed rail, the first high-speed railway built by Chinese companies overseas (在海外), was finished and opened to traffic. In 2023, the Jakarta-Bandung high-speed railway, jointly built by China and Indonesia, can cut travel time between the two cities from more than 3 hours to 40 minutes. China’s high-speed railways cross rivers and mountains, connect home and abroad, and see the changes over time. From nothing, we are a leader in this industry now. As a name card of China, China’s high-speed railway has amazed the world! 30．What is the best structure (结构) for the text? A． B． C． D． 【答案】B 【导语】本文主要讲述了中国高速铁路的发展。 【解析】篇章结构题。文章第一段介绍中国高速铁路近年来发展迅速，已成为中国著名的名片，是点明主题；第二段到第五段分别讲述了中国高速铁路的发展情况；最后一段再次点明主题，强调中国高速铁路的发展迅速。选项B图片符合。故选B。 题型 1：文章整体结构判断题（如：Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?） 常以图形形式考查（如①②③④代表段落，用箭头 / 横线表示关系），解题技巧： 1. 先按 “通用技巧” 确定文体和基础框架（如总分总→①/①②→③④⑤→⑥）； 2. 合并 “主旨一致的并列段落”：说明文 / 议论文中，几个分述同一角度的段落，可视为一个 “分述模块”； 3. 排除明显错误的框架：如记叙文出现 “总分总” 框架直接排除，议论文出现 “时间顺序” 直接排除。 题型 2：段落作用 / 写作手法判断题（如：What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?/The writer uses ... to develop the passage.） 1. 段落作用题：按 “首段 / 中间段 / 尾段” 的固定作用模板（见考点梳理），结合文章主旨选择，避免只看段落本身，忽略其与全文的关联； 例：首段用一个小故事引出 “垃圾分类”，答案不是 “讲述垃圾分类的故事”，而是 “引出本文的说明对象 —— 垃圾分类，吸引读者兴趣”。 2. 写作手法题：先判断文体，再结合标志词判断： · 看到 “for example”→ 举例论证； · 看到开头提问题，结尾回答→ 设问引出主旨； · 看到开头和结尾都出现同一核心句（如 Reading makes a full man）→ 首尾呼应。 题型 3：段落排序题 / 匹配题（高阶题型） 1. 段落排序题： · 先找首段：首段多为引出主题，无指代词（it/they/this）、无转折词（but/however）、无总结词（in a word）； · 再找尾段：尾段多为总结 / 感悟 / 建议，有总结词或情感词（happy, important, should）； · 最后用线索词衔接中间段落：时间词、指代词（this story/it 指代前文内容）、逻辑连接词，将中间段落按逻辑串联。 2. 段落匹配题（主旨 + 段落）： · 先给每个选项主旨标关键词； · 再概括每个段落的主旨，圈画核心词； · 最后关键词匹配，主旨核心词与段落核心词一致的即为正确答案，注意排除 “偷换概念、以偏概全” 的选项。 Passage 1 （2025·福建厦门·模拟预测）①Lijiang is a must-stop for a trip to Yunnan Province, offering a mix of ancient buildings, local food and traditional cultures. ②One of the best places to visit is Lijiang Old Town. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. It is known for its building styles and colorful flowers. When you walk through the town, you can find lots of local shops and they are selling handmade crafts (手工艺品). ③Lijiang is famous for its delicious local food, too. Roasted lamb (烤羊) and wild mushroom (蘑菇) soup are good choices. You can also enjoy tea with some local snacks. ④What’s more, you can better understand Naxi style and culture here. You can find Naxi traditional buildings everywhere. You can also hear local people speaking Naxi language, and admire Naxi writings. ⑤If you come to Lijiang, I’m sure you will fall in love with this amazing city. Whether you explore the ancient streets, talk with the local people or taste Naxi food, Lijiang will give you a wonderful experience. 根据短文内容，选择正确答案。 6．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．Local shops. B．Old towns. C．Visitors. D．Crafts. 7．What is the topic (主题) of Paragraph 3? A．Natural beauty. B．Traditional buildings. C．History and culture. D．Famous local food. 8．What can visitors do to better understand Naxi style and culture? ①Enjoy Naxi writings.        ②Hear Naxi language. ③Visit modern museums.    ④Explore traditional buildings. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 9．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To give travel tips about shopping. B．To describe the long history of Lijiang. C．To provide a guide for travelling in Lijiang. D．To share a personal story about travelling. 10．What is the structure (结构) of the passage? (P= paragraph) A． B．C． D． 【答案】6．A 7．D 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了云南丽江这座城市的特色，包括丽江古城、当地美食以及纳西族文化等，旨在吸引游客前往丽江旅游。 6．词句猜测题。根据第二段“When you walk through the town, you can find lots of local shops and they are selling handmade crafts (手工品).”可知，当你穿过小镇时，你会发现很多当地的商店，它们在出售手工艺品。这里的“they”指代前面提到的“local shops”，即当地的商店。故选A。 7．主旨大意题。根据第三段“Lijiang is famous for its delicious local food, too. Roasted lamb (烤羊) and wild mushroom (蘑菇) soup are good choices. You can also enjoy tea with some local snacks.”可知，丽江也以其美味的当地食物而闻名，烤羊和野蘑菇汤是不错的选择，你还可以品尝一些当地小吃和茶。因此，第三段的主题是丽江著名的当地食物。故选D。 8．细节理解题。根据第四段“What’s more, you can better understand Naxi style and culture here. You can find Naxi traditional buildings everywhere. You can also hear local people speaking Naxi language, and admire Naxi writings.”可知，游客可以通过欣赏纳西族文字、听纳西族语言、探索传统建筑来更好地了解纳西族风格和文化。文中并未提及参观现代博物馆，因此③不符合题意。故选B。 9．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，特别是第一段“Lijiang is a must-stop for a trip to Yunnan Province, offering a mix of ancient buildings, local food and traditional cultures.”以及最后一段“If you come to Lijiang, I’m sure you will fall in love with this amazing city. Whether you explore the ancient streets, talk with the local people or taste Naxi food, Lijiang will give you a wonderful experience.”可知，本文主要介绍了丽江的旅游特色，为游客提供了在丽江旅游的指南。故选C。 10．篇章结构题。文章第一段总述丽江是云南旅游的必去之地，提供古建筑、当地美食和传统文化的融合体验；第二至四段分别从丽江古城、当地美食、纳西族文化三个方面进行详细介绍；最后一段总结全文，表达作者对丽江的喜爱和推荐。因此，文章的结构是总分总结构。故选A。 Passage 2 （2025·福建三明·三模）①In recent years, six amazing companies from Hangzhou have become very famous in the technology world. People call them the “Six Dragons”. These companies are doing great things in areas like artificial intelligence (AI), robots, brain-computer interfaces (接口), and video games. ②DeepSeek is a leader in AI. Its DeepSeek-V3 model costs less to make than other models, but it works better. This has had a big influence on the global AI market. At the same time, Unitree Technology and DEEPRobotics are changing the robot world. Unitree’s robots can move like animals and have surprised people all over the world. DEEPRobotics makes robots that can work in dangerous places to keep people safe. Both companies are making robots smarter and more useful. ③BrainCo is another important company. It makes devices that can read brain activity and help people relax. For example, it makes headbands that help users stay focus, which is a good way to show how these devices can help people relax. ManyCore also plays a big role. Its 3D data platform helps other companies develop better AI technology. ④Game Science has become well-known in the gaming industry with its popular game “Black Myth: Wukong”. The game is based on the famous Chinese story “Journey to the West”. The game’s success shows how Chinese developers can mix culture and technology in new ways. ⑤Hangzhou’s success is not by chance. The local government has made a good environment for businesses. It has policies like tax cuts and gives money to new companies. Hangzhou also has a lively culture and good schools, which attract talented people. This combination has made Hangzhou a global center for innovation (创新). ⑥Other cities in China, like Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, and Guangzhou, also have many leading tech companies. Together, these cities are making China’s technology progress fast. Hangzhou’s “Six Dragons” are not only a symbol of the city’s success but also show China’s growing influence in the global tech world. 26．What is the main technological field of BrainCo? A．Developing video games. B．Creating animal-like robots. C．Making brain-reading devices for relaxing. D．Designing 3D data platforms. 27．What can we infer about Hangzhou’s “Six Dragons”? A．They focus only on local markets. B．They mix new ideas with real-world uses. C．They compete directly with Beijing and Shanghai. D．Their success depends heavily on government support. 28．What is the key reason for Hangzhou becoming a tech center? A．Famous universities. B．High number of tourists. C．Low cost of living. D．Government policies and cultural environment. 29．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①/②③④/⑤⑥ B．①/②③④⑤/⑥ C．①②/③④/⑤/⑥ D．①/②/③④/⑤⑥ 30．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To advertise Hangzhou’s tourism. B．To explain how brain-computer interfaces work. C．To criticize other Chinese cities’ lack of progress. D．To show Hangzhou’s creative tech businesses and China’s worldwide influence. 【答案】26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了杭州六家顶尖科技企业（“六小龙”）在人工智能、机器人、脑机接口和游戏等领域的创新成就，以及杭州成为全球创新中心的原因。 26．细节理解题。根据文章第③段“BrainCo makes devices that can read brain activity and help people relax...it makes headbands that help users stay focus”可知，该公司主要研发用于放松的脑电读取设备。故选C。 27．推理判断题。根据文章第②段“Unitree’s robots can move like animals... DEEPRobotics makes robots that can work in dangerous places”及第④段“Game Science mixes culture and technology”可推知，“六小龙”的共同特点是结合创新理念与实际应用。故选B。 28．细节理解题。根据文章第⑤段“The local government has made a good environment...Hangzhou also has a lively culture and good schools”可知，政策支持和文化环境是杭州成为科技中心的关键原因。故选D。 29．篇章结构题。文章结构为：①段引入“六小龙”概念→②③④段分别介绍各公司技术领域→⑤⑥段分析杭州成功原因及中国科技影响力。因此结构划分为①/②③④/⑤⑥。故选A。 30．主旨大意题。全文通过“六小龙”案例，展示杭州科技创新企业及中国在全球科技领域的影响力。故选D。   ` 01、阅读理解 Did you know that climate change affects not just the planet, but also people’s mental health? A growing number of people suffer from climate change anxiety, which is also called eco-anxiety (生态焦虑). It means they feel terribly worried about the environmental damage caused by human activities now and in the future. Unlike common worries, this anxiety lasts long and often disturbs daily life, as people fear for themselves, future people, and the planet’s survival (生存). The causes behind this anxiety are clear: natural disasters like floods, wildfires, and stronger hurricanes, as well as the loss of plants and animals. To measure this kind of anxiety, scientists use the Climate Change Anxiety Scale (量表) (CCAS), which includes 13 sentences about climate-related feelings and behaviors. Participants (参与者) score each sentence on a 1-5 scale (1=never, 5=almost always). The higher the total score is, the more anxious they are. A study of 877 Australians aged 16~25 gave surprising results: a CCAS score of 21 signals mild to moderate symptoms (症状), while 23 or above means serious anxiety. Surprisingly, nearly half the participants had mild to moderate symptoms, and 44% struggled with serious ones. These cut-off scores are invaluable. Doctors use them to create suitable treatment plans, and governments use them to make policies to solve the root causes of climate change, offering people hope. If eco-anxiety weighs on you, you’re not alone. Taking action against climate change—such as using public transport, reducing waste, or calling for policy changes—can ease worries. It’s important to prevent these fears from breaking daily life; talk to trusted friends, family, or doctors if needed. Spending time in nature or keeping a diary also helps. Remember, you need experts’ help to understand your CCAS score well. 1．What makes eco-anxiety different from common worries? A．It makes people feel relaxed. B．It affects daily life for a short time. C．It mainly troubles plants and animals. D．It lasts long and often disturbs daily life. 2．How does the CCAS measure eco-anxiety? A．By interviewing participants about their fears. B．By scoring participants’ responses to related sentences. C．By recording participants’ daily environmental actions. D．By comparing participants’ opinions on climate policies 3．What can we infer from the Australian study? A．Young people are largely unaffected by eco-anxiety. B．Mild eco-anxiety is less common among teenagers. C．A CCAS score of 22 is regarded as the moderate type. D．Most participants had little climate change anxiety symptoms. 4．What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．The cut-off scores of the CCAS. B．The participants in the Australian study. C．The policies made to fight climate change. D．The mild and moderate symptoms of eco-anxiety. 5．What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how to measure eco-anxiety with CCAS. B．To warn young people to stay away from eco-anxiety. C．To advise governments to make policies on climate change. D．To introduce eco-anxiety and offer related information and advice. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．D 【导语】本文介绍生态焦虑的定义、成因、测量方式、相关研究结果，并给出缓解这种焦虑的建议。 1．第一段解释：“Unlike common worries, this anxiety lasts long and often disturbs daily life”，这句话说明了生态焦虑与普通担忧的不同之处。 2．第二段介绍：“Participants score each sentence on a 1-5 scale”，说明CCAS通过对相关句子的回答打分来测量焦虑程度。 3．第三段指出：“a CCAS score of 21 signals mild to moderate symptoms”，由此可推断22分属于中等程度症状。 4．第三段指代：“These cut-off scores are invaluable”，此处的them指代前文提到的临界分数。 5．全文总结：文章先后介绍生态焦虑、测量方式、研究结果和应对方法，目的是介绍相关信息并给出建议。 02、阅读理解 Mathilde Wittock, a designer from Belgium, makes resting chairs out of old tennis balls. She creates them with no wood or plastic. Instead, each of her chairs is made of 500 tennis balls. It is both cool and strong. Wittock wants to help protect the environment because many tennis balls are thrown away and don’t break down easily. About 300 million tennis balls are produced each year, and almost all of them end up in landfills (垃圾填埋场). It takes them over 400 years to break down. Big tennis events use a large number of balls, like the US Open with 70,000 and Wimbledon Championships with 55,000. The life cycle of a ball is not long, which usually lasts for nine games. Wittock receives all her materials from donations (捐赠) mostly from tennis clubs. It takes Wittock three to four weeks to make a chair. To meet the customers’ needs, she cuts and colors the tennis balls by hand to match their rooms. It takes her much hard work and patience to change how the balls look. Creation isn’t the only goal. In fact, what’s more important to Wittock is what happens to the chairs when they’re old. At the end of her chairs’ life, she takes them apart and recycles the tennis balls. The fuzz (绒毛) is burned off, and the balls are cut into pieces to make bouncy mats (弹性垫) for kids to play on. In this way, nothing goes to waste. 6．Which of the following can best describe Mathilde Wittock? A．She is creative and helpful. B．She works in a big company. C．She used to be a tennis player. D．She is a young pretty designer. 7．What can we learn about tennis balls from Paragraph 2? A．Tennis balls can be broken down easily. B．Many balls are needed in big tennis events. C．About 300 million tennis balls are made each month. D．55,000 tennis balls are used by the US Open every year. 8．Where does Wittock get most of the tennis balls for her chairs? A．From landfills. B．From her customers. C．From tennis clubs. D．From kind-hearted groups. 9．What will most probably be used in making resting chairs? ①Scissors ②Glass ③Brush ④Printer A．①② B．②④ C．③④ D．①③ 10．What’s the last paragraph mainly about? A．How to continue to reduce waste. B．How to make tennis balls into mats. C．How to improve the design of chairs. D．How to take tennis balls apart quickly. 【答案】6．A 7．B 8．C 9．D 10．A 【导语】本文介绍了比利时设计师Mathilde Wittock用旧网球制作休闲椅的创意环保行为，包括她的材料来源、制作过程及后续的回收方式。 6．推理判断题。根据文章内容Mathilde Wittock用旧网球制作椅子，体现了她的创造力 (creative)；她这么做是为了保护环境，体现了她的乐于助人。故选A。 7．细节理解题。根据第二段“Big tennis events use a large number of balls, like the US Open with 70,000 and Wimbledon Championships with 55,000.”可知，大型网球赛事需要大量的网球。故选B。 8．细节理解题。根据第三段“Wittock receives all her materials from donations mostly from tennis clubs.” 可知，她的网球主要来自网球俱乐部的捐赠。故选C。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段“she cuts and colors the tennis balls by hand”可知，制作椅子时需要用剪刀切割网球，用刷子上色。故选D。 10．主旨大意题。最后一段主要讲述了椅子寿命结束后，Mathilde Wittock会拆解并回收网球，将其做成弹性垫，核心是如何持续减少浪费。故选A。 03、阅读理解 What if you could help the environment just by planting a small forest in your neighborhood? That’s the idea behind “micro-forests”—small, thickly planted forests that grow much faster than regular ones. The concept was developed by a Japanese botanist in the 1970s. The method is simple but special. First, prepare the soil deeply. Then, plant many different kinds of native trees and bushes very close together—about three to five plants per square meter. Finally, cover the ground with a thick layer of straw or wood chips to keep water in and stop weeds from growing. Because the plants are so close, they compete for sunlight and grow quickly—up to ten times faster than trees in a normal forest. A micro-forest can become a small wildlife habitat in just 20 to 30 years, while a natural forest would take at least 100 years. Micro-forests have many benefits. They cool down the city by providing shade and releasing water vapor. They absorb rainwater and help prevent floods. They provide food and shelter for birds, insects, and small animals. They also make people feel happier and less stressed. In recent years, micro-forests have appeared in many cities around the world. In Singapore, more than 200 micro-forests have been planted. In Europe, communities come together to plant “pocket forests” in empty lots or schoolyards. In China, some cities like Shenzhen and Chengdu have started similar projects. Of course, micro-forests also face challenges. They need careful maintenance in the first two or three years, especially watering during dry periods. And not every piece of land is suitable—the soil may be too poor or too hard. Still, many experts believe micro-forests are a simple, low-cost way to bring nature back into cities. As one ecologist said, “You don’t need a big forest to make a big difference. Sometimes, a small patch of green is enough to start a change.” 11．Who first developed the idea of micro-forests? A．A Chinese scientist. B．A Japanese botanist. C．A Singaporean officer. D．A European ecologist. 12．Why do trees in micro-forests grow faster? A．They are given special fertilizer. B．They are planted very close together. C．They are watered every day. D．They are grown in greenhouses. 13．What is one benefit of micro-forests according to the passage? A．They produce more oxygen than large forests. B．They help cool down the city. C．They can be planted anywhere. D．They don’t need any care. 14．What challenge do micro-forests face? A．They take too long to grow. B．They need careful care in the first few years. C．They are too expensive to build. D．They attract too many animals. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To teach people how to plant trees. B．To introduce the idea of micro-forests and their value. C．To compare micro-forests with natural forests. D．To ask people to plant more trees. 【答案】11．B 12．B 13．B 14．B 15．B 【导语】本文主要介绍微型森林的起源、种植方法、优势、面临的挑战及其在城市中的价值。 11．细节理解题。根据“The concept was developed by a Japanese botanist in the 1970s.”可知，微型森林的概念由一位日本植物学家提出。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“Because the plants are so close, they compete for sunlight and grow quickly”可知，植物种植得很密集，争抢阳光所以生长快速。故选B。 13．细节理解题。根据“They cool down the city by providing shade and releasing water vapor.”可知，微型森林能帮助城市降温。故选B。 14．细节理解题。根据“They need careful maintenance in the first two or three years”可知，微型森林最初几年需要精心照料。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍微型森林及其价值。故选B。 04、阅读理解 The Secret Language of Elephants When you think of animal communication, you probably think of birds singing or dogs barking. But did you know that elephants have their own secret language? Scientists have discovered that elephants use a wide range of sounds, smells, and body movements to “talk” to each other. The most famous elephant sound is the trumpet. Elephants make this loud noise when they are excited, angry, or surprised. But elephants also make very low sounds called rumbles. Some rumbles are so low that humans cannot hear them at all. These sounds can travel through the ground for several kilometers. Other elephants can feel the vibrations with their sensitive feet and trunks. In this way, a mother elephant can warn her family of danger even if they are far away. Elephants also communicate with their bodies. If an elephant spreads its ears wide and raises its head, it is showing that it feels threatened. A gentle touch of the trunk is like a handshake or a hug. When elephants meet after being apart, they often twist their trunks together and make happy rumbles. Smell is another important tool. Elephants have a very strong sense of smell. They can recognize family members by their smell and can even tell how another elephant is feeling. When an elephant is stressed, its body produces different chemicals, and other elephants can “read” this. Scientists believe that elephant communication is one of the most complex in the animal world. They have found that elephants have special calls for different situations—there is a “bee alarm” call that warns others to run away from bees, and a “human danger” call that sounds different. Some researchers even think elephants may have names for each other. Understanding elephant language helps us protect them better. When we know what makes them afraid or happy, we can make wiser decisions to keep them safe. 16．What is the loud sound elephants make called? A．Rumble. B．Trumpet. C．Whistle. D．Roar. 17．How do elephants hear very low sounds from far away? A．They listen carefully with their large ears. B．They feel the vibrations through their feet. C．They watch the movements of other elephants. D．They smell the air. 18．What does it mean when an elephant spreads its ears wide and raises its head? A．It is happy. B．It is tired. C．It feels threatened. D．It wants to play. 19．What can elephants tell by using their sense of smell? A．The weather. B．What food is nearby. C．How another elephant is feeling. D．Where water is. 20．Why is it important to understand elephant language? A．It helps scientists write books. B．It helps people train elephants. C．It helps us protect elephants better. D．It helps elephants live longer. 【答案】16．B 17．B 18．C 19．C 20．C 【导语】本文是一篇科普说明文，介绍大象通过声音、次声波、肢体动作和气味等多种方式进行复杂交流，并指出研究大象语言对保护它们有重要意义。   16．细节理解题。根据第二段“The most famous elephant sound is the trumpet. Elephants make this loud noise when they are excited, angry, or surprised.”可知，大象发出的响亮声音被称为trumpet（象鼻声）。故选B。 17．细节理解题。根据第二段“These sounds can travel through the ground for several kilometers. Other elephants can feel the vibrations with their sensitive feet and trunks.”可知，大象通过用脚感受地面的震动来听到远处的低频声音。故选B。 18．细节理解题。根据第三段“If an elephant spreads its ears wide and raises its head, it is showing that it feels threatened.”可知，当大象张开耳朵并抬起头时，意味着它感到受到了威胁。故选C。 19．细节理解题。根据第四段“They can recognize family members by their smell and can even tell how another elephant is feeling.”可知，大象可以通过嗅觉判断另一只大象的感受。故选C。 20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Understanding elephant language helps us protect them better.”可知，理解大象的语言有助于我们更好地保护它们。故选C。 05、阅读理解 Have you ever heard of “forest schools”? In some countries, instead of sitting in a classroom all day, children go to school in the forest. They learn by playing, exploring, and doing outdoor activities. This special way of education is called outdoor learning. Forest schools are not a new idea. They first appeared in Denmark in the 1950s and soon spread to other European countries like Sweden, Finland, and Norway. In a forest school, there are no walls or desks. Children spend most of their time outside, no matter what the weather is like. They climb trees, build small houses with branches and leaves, follow animal footprints, and watch insects under a magnifying glass. Teachers don’t give traditional lessons. Instead, they guide children to discover knowledge through real-life experiences. For example, children learn math by counting pinecones, and science by observing how plants grow. Why are forest schools becoming so popular? Studies show that outdoor learning helps children become more creative, confident, and independent. It also improves their physical health and reduces stress. In Finland, forest schools are a common choice for young children. Some schools in China, such as those in Yunnan and Sichuan, have also started to try this model. Parents report that their children become more curious and active after attending forest school. However, forest schools also face challenges. Bad weather can sometimes make outdoor activities difficult or even dangerous. Some parents worry about safety—what if a child falls from a tree or gets lost? Teachers need to be well-trained and plan every activity carefully. Despite these difficulties, many educators believe that nature is one of the best classrooms. As one expert said, “Children don’t remember the worksheets they finished, but they will always remember the first bird’s nest they found in the woods.” 21．Where did forest schools first appear? A．In China. B．In Sweden. C．In Denmark. D．In Finland. 22．What do children do in forest schools? A．They stay in the classroom all day. B．They only learn about animals. C．They do outdoor activities and learn from nature. D．They watch videos about science. 23．What is one advantage of outdoor learning according to the text? A．It helps children save time. B．It makes children more creative. C．It is easier than indoor learning. D．It costs less money. 24．What is a challenge for forest schools? A．Children don’t like nature. B．There are no teachers. C．The weather is sometimes bad. D．Parents don’t allow children to go out. 25．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Forest schools are a new way of learning. B．Outdoor learning has both good sides and difficulties. C．Children should spend more time indoors. D．Denmark is the best country for education. 【答案】21．C 22．C 23．B 24．C 25．B 【导语】本文介绍了森林学校的起源、特点、优势及面临的挑战，通过对比传统教育与户外学习，引发对教育方式的思考。 21．细节理解题。根据第二段“They first appeared in Denmark in the 1950s.”可知，森林学校起源于丹麦，故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据第二段“Children spend most of their time outside, no matter what the weather is like. They climb trees, build small houses with branches and leaves, follow animal footprints, and watch insects under a magnifying glass.”可知，他们在户外活动，向自然学习，故选C。 23．细节理解题。根据第三段“Studies show that outdoor learning helps children become more creative, confident, and independent.”可知，户外学习能提升创造力，故选B。 24．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Bad weather can sometimes make outdoor activities difficult or even dangerous.”可知，天气是挑战之一，故选C。 25．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章前半部分介绍了森林学校的优点和受欢迎程度，后半部分则提到了它面临的挑战和困难，因此全文主要讲述了户外学习（森林学校）的好处和困难，故选B。 06、阅读理解 A quasar (类星体) is an extremely bright object with a super-massive (超大质量的) black hole. About a million quasars have been known to humans. Quasar J0529-4351 is one of them, about 12 billion light-years from the Earth. We have been able to see Quasar J0529-4351 since 1980. But it was so bright that people mistook it for a foreground star (前景恒星). In 2023, scientists finally found it as a quasar as well as the brightest object in the universe,500 trillion times brighter than the sun. In 2024, a study on the quasar came out in Nature Astronomy. It was done by Australian scientist Christian Wolf and his team. According to the recent study, Quasar J0529-4351 has a huge “stomach”. It “eats” about as much as the sun’s mass every day, which makes it grow very fast. And we shouldn’t be surprised at how bright it is, because the brightness has much to do with how much it “eats”. However, Quasar J0529-4351 is not the largest object. TON 618, found in 1957, is one of the largest black holes. It can hold 66 billion stars the size of the sun inside, while Quasar J0529-4351 is about 19 billion times larger than the sun. Scientists have already learned that a black hole is formed when a star collapses (坍塌) on itself. And it grows by taking in other objects, including other black holes. But they still don’t know how supermassive black holes come into being. Scientists hope that studying quasars like this one will help them understand more about supermassive black holes. They also believe that there are probably more unusual quasars out there, waiting to be discovered. 26．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．Quasar J0529-4351. B．The foreground star. C．The study. D．Nature Astronomy. 27．Which of the following is TRUE about Quasar J0529-4351? A．It is 12 billion light years from the sun. B．It is 500 trillion times brighter than the sun. C．It can hold 66 billion stars the size of the sun. D．It is about 19 billion times larger than TON 618. 28．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us? A．When a star collapse. B．How a black hole grows. C．Why scientists study quasars. D．What will be discovered next. 29．Which could be the best title for the text? A．A Newly Seen Quasar B．Secrets of the Universe C．Supermassive Black Holes D．Brightest Quasar Ever Seen 30．What’s the author’s attitude (态度) towards the future exploration of quasars? A．Hopeful. B．Worried. C．Doubtful. D．Uncaring. 【答案】26．C 27．B 28．C 29．D 30．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要介绍了类星体J0529-4351，自1980年被人类观测到，2023年被确认为宇宙中最亮的物体，科学家对其进行研究，希望借此了解超大质量黑洞。 26．词句猜测题。根据“In 2024, a study on the quasar came out in Nature Astronomy. It was done by Australian scientist Christian Wolf and his team.”可知，这里描述的是一项研究在《自然・天文学》发表，紧接着说这项研究是由澳大利亚科学家及其团队完成的，所以“It”指代的是“the study”。故选C。 27．细节理解题。根据“In 2023, scientists finally found it as a quasar as well as the brightest object in the universe,500 trillion times brighter than the sun.”可知，关于Quasar J0529 - 4351，它比太阳亮500万亿倍是正确的。故选B。 28．主旨大意题。根据“Scientists hope that studying quasars like this one will help them understand more about supermassive black holes. They also believe that there are probably more unusual quasars out there, waiting to be discovered.”可知，最后一段主要告诉我们为什么科学家要研究类星体。故选C。 29．最佳标题题。根据“In 2023, scientists finally found it as a quasar as well as the brightest object in the universe, 500 trillion times brighter than the sun.”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了类星体J0529-4351，它是迄今为止发现的最亮的类星体，所以“Brightest Quasar Ever Seen”可作为本文标题。故选D。 30．观点态度题。根据“They also believe that there are probably more unusual quasars out there, waiting to be discovered.”可推知，作者对未来类星体的探索是充满希望的。故选A。 07、阅读理解 Nature is amazing. Take a close look at the world of insects, and you’ll discover many unbelievable things. Consider butterflies, for example. They have beautiful, colorful wings and strong, fantastic flying skills. On summer days, you always see them flying freely over flower gardens and wild fields. But did you know how butterflies become flying insects? It’s one of the amazing wonders of nature. In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small and colorful egg on a leaf or stem of a plant. It’s hard to believe that the egg will become something completely different in a few days. It becomes a walking insect. This insect is called a caterpillar. It now has legs, eyes and a large body. A new life has begun. The caterpillar can eat, walk, and see. But it is still not a butterfly. Soon, after growing big, the caterpillar makes a cover for itself. It covers itself in the nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the “pupa (蛹)” stage. After a period of time, the blanket breaks and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. Shortly, the wings fill with blood, and the beautiful, colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away. After a few weeks, this adult butterfly lays her eggs, and the cycle begins all over again. This is just one example of the wonders of nature. Look around the natural world, and you will learn many truly amazing things. 31．How does the author begin the passage? A．By listing numbers. B．By making a comparison. C．By giving examples. D．By asking questions. 32．What does the “caterpillar” look like? A．B． C． D． 33．What is the right order of the development process of a butterfly? ①It becomes a pupa.         ②It becomes a walking insect. ③Female butterflies lay an egg.     ④It spreads its wings and flies away. A．①→②→③→④ B．①→②→④→③ C．③→②→①→④ D．③→②→④→① 34．Which one best describes (描述) a butterfly after the blanket breaks? A．It has six legs, eyes, and a large body. B．It has six legs, eyes and a mouth. C．It has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings. D．It has six legs, eyes, a mouth and a large body. 35．What can be the best title for the passage? A．One Insect, Different Colors B．One Insect, Four Lives C．The Kinds of Butterflies D．The Habits of Butterflies 【答案】31．C 32．B 33．C 34．C 35．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了蝴蝶从卵到毛毛虫，再到蛹，最后变成蝴蝶的四个生命阶段。 31．细节理解题。根据“Consider butterflies, for example.”可知，作者通过举例开始这篇文章。故选C。 32．细节理解题。根据“This insect is called a caterpillar. It now has legs, eyes and a large body.”可知，“caterpillar”有腿、眼睛和一个大身体，即它现在是毛毛虫，与B选项图片相符。故选B。 33．细节理解题。根据“In the beginning, female butterflies lay a small and colorful egg on a leaf or stem of a plant.”可知，一开始雌性蝴蝶在植物的叶子或茎上产卵，即③；根据“It becomes a walking insect. This insect is called a caterpillar.”可知，然后变成会走路的昆虫，即毛毛虫，即②；根据“Soon, after growing big, the caterpillar makes a cover for itself. It covers itself in the nice protective blanket (保护层) and goes to sleep. This stage is known as the ‘pupa (蛹)’ stage.”可知，接着毛毛虫变成蛹，即①；根据“Shortly, the wings fill with blood, and the beautiful, colorful butterfly spreads its wings and flies away.”可知，最后蝴蝶展开翅膀飞走，即④。所以蝴蝶发育过程的正确顺序是③→②→①→④。故选C。 34．细节理解题。根据“After a period of time, the blanket breaks and a wet, weak butterfly appears. It now has six legs, a mouth, eyes and wings.”可知，保护层破裂后，蝴蝶有六条腿、一张嘴、眼睛和翅膀。故选C。 35．最佳标题题。根据全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了蝴蝶从卵到毛毛虫，再到蛹，最后变成蝴蝶的四个生命阶段，所以“One Insect, Four Lives”可作为本文标题。故选B。 08、阅读理解 This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War. Many works about this history are being shown, like films, plays and dances. Among them, the movie Dead To Rights (南京照相馆) has caught a lot of attention. The story happens when Japanese soldiers took control of Nanjing. A group of Chinese people hide inside a photo studio. To survive, they have to help a Japanese army photographer (摄影师) develop pictures. But while doing this, they discover something shocking. The photo films include clear proof (证据) of the awful crimes Japanese soldiers committed (犯罪) all over the city. The group decides they must let the world know the truth. So they secretly keep the films and risk their lives to get them out safely. The movie is about a real person. In 1938, a 15-year-old boy named Luo Jin worked in Huadong Photo Studio in Nanjing. Brave and clever, he secretly made over 30 copies of photos showing Japanese crimes. He put 16 photos into a book and drew a red heart with blood and the Chinese word “Chi” (which means “shame”) on the cover. Later, a young man named Wu Xuan kept the book safe. After eight years, the photos became strong proof of the crimes and were shown to the world. Director Shen Ao said the reason why he made the film is that few people know how these important photos were saved. Dead To Rights is not only a movie, but also helps us remember painful history so that we work harder to make our country stronger. 36．The text talks about the 80th year of two victories. When did they happen? A．1935 B．1945 C．1955 D．1965 37．What is the movie Dead To Rights mainly about? A．A love story in Nanjing. B．A Japanese photographer’s life. C．Making films during a war. D．Saving photo films of Japanese crimes. 38．What does “survive” mean in Paragraph 2? A．stay alive B．take photos C．remember history D．run fast 39．What did Luo Jin do? A．He directed a movie. B．He made copies of Japanese crime photos. C．He kept a book safe for eight years. D．He worked in a photo studio in 1930. 40．Which is the main purpose of the film? A．To make our country stronger. B．To help people remember painful history. C．To win international prizes. D．To make people hate the Japanese. 【答案】36．B 37．D 38．A 39．B 40．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章概述了电影讲述的中国民众在南京大屠杀期间冒死保存日军罪行胶片的故事，并介绍了其真实历史背景及导演的创作意图。 36．细节理解题。根据“This year marks the 80th anniversary of the victory of the Chinese People’s War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the World Anti-Fascist War.”可知，今年是中国人民抗日战争和世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年，因此可推算事情发生于1945年。故选B。 37．细节理解题。根据“The photo films include clear proof(证据)of the awful crimes Japanese soldiers committed(犯罪)all over the city…So they secretly keep the films and risk their lives to get them out safely.”可知，这部电影的主要内容是关于保存日军罪证的胶片。故选D。 38．词句猜测题。根据“To survive, they have to help a Japanese army photographer develop pictures.”可知，在日军占领南京的背景下，躲藏起来的中国人最迫切的需求是存活。可以推断“survive”意为“活下去，存活”。故选A。 39．细节理解题。根据“Brave and clever, he secretly made over 30 copies of photos showing Japanese crimes.”可知，他秘密制作了30多份显示日军罪行的照片副本。故选B。 40．主旨大意题。根据“Dead To Rights is not only a movie, but also helps us remember painful history so that we work harder to make our country stronger.”可知，这部电影的主要目的是帮助人们记住痛苦的历史。故选B。 09、阅读理解 We use bricks to make houses on Earth, but what about building things on the moon? Well, you use “lunar bricks”, of course! Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology (HUST) have developed “lunar bricks”. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon. To make the bricks, the scientists used a simulated (模拟的) lunar soil. The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures (榫卯结构), which were used in ancient Chinese buildings. This makes it possible to simply put these bricks together, just like Lego. Professor Zhou Cheng from HUST told Xinhua that they had tested five different kinds of simulated lunar soil and used three ways to harden them. This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks. Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon, Zhou added. For example, one of the kinds tested simulates the lunar soil at the landing site of Chang’e 5, which is mainly basalt (玄武岩). The lunar bricks need to be tested well before being used because the moon has a terrible environment. Quakes (月震) often happen there, and radiation is high. It gets as hot as 180°C during the day and as cold as-190°C at night. The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space. The first brick has returned to the Earth. China hopes to build a lunar research station between 2028 and 2035. 41．The lunar bricks are developed to ________. A．study the lunar soil B．build a base on the moon C．test the weather on the moon D．create stronger building materials on Earth 42．What does the underlined word “They” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．Normal bricks. B．Red bricks. C．Lunar bricks. D．The scientists. 43．Why was it necessary for the researchers to test different kinds of lunar soil simulant? A．They wanted to find materials. B．The simulant is different from real lunar soil. C．The soil on the moon changes from place to place. D．They wanted to find the best basalt for the bricks. 44．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Why lunar bricks need to be tested. B．How the lunar bricks were made. C．What the weather is like on the moon. D．How the lunar bricks were tested. 45．What can we learn about the lunar bricks from the text? A．They were tested in China’s space station. B．A base built by lunar bricks was made on Earth. C．Scientists had used five ways to harden the bricks. D．They will soon be used to build a lunar research station. 【答案】41．B 42．C 43．C 44．A 45．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了华中科技大学科学家们为在月球上建造基地而研发的“月壤砖”，包括其制造原理、结构特点、测试的必要性以及目前的进展。 41．细节理解题。根据第2段“Scientists at the Huazhong University of Science and Technology have developed ‘lunar bricks’. They hope to use the bricks to build a base on the moon.”可知，研发月球砖的目的是在月球上建造基地。故选B。 42．细节理解题。根据第3段“The bricks are three times stronger than normal bricks or red bricks. They also have mortise and tenon joint structures…”可知，这里的“They”指代前一句的主语“The bricks”，即“lunar bricks”。故选C。 43．细节理解题。根据第4段“Lunar soil isn’t the same everywhere on the moon… This helped them choose the best materials for making the bricks.”可知，因为月球上不同地方的土壤不同，所以需要测试不同种类的模拟月壤来挑选最佳材料。故选C。 44．主旨大意题。第5段主要说明月球砖需要经过充分测试的原因：月球环境恶劣，有月震、强辐射和极端温差。因此，本段主要讲的是为什么月球砖需要测试。故选A。 45．细节理解题。根据第6段“The lunar bricks were sent to China’s space station on the Tianzhou 8 spacecraft. There, scientists checked how well the bricks did in space.”可知，月球砖曾在中国的空间站接受测试。故选A。 10、阅读理解 Have you ever imagined a robot washing your hair for you? This is not a science fiction anymore thanks to the invention of AI hair washing machines. Many AI hair washing stores have been opened in several areas in Shenzhen, such as Nanshan, Futian and Longhua. It has become a hot topic on the Internet and more such stores are on the way. AI hair washing is popular in Shenzhen, but it is not very expensive. With just 9.9 yuan, you can experience it. After a scalp (头皮) check, all you need to do is to lie down on a bed and put your head into the machine. Then, a worker will decide on the setting according to (根据) your hair length and your scalp type. After that, press the start key and the machine will operate, using infrared technology (红外技术) to send water to the exact right places. It can even change water temperature by itself. However, it doesn’t mean that no human workers are required. Workers still need to help with things like preparing the towels and drying the hair. Curious (好奇的) about the new technology, many people have tried this new way of hair washing. However, people have made different comments about this. Some say, “It works better than I thought and my hair is cleaner than I expected.” However, others comment, “The machine is not good enough, because it can’t get to my itchy (发痒的) spots correctly.” New things need time. I believe that the new machine will become better and make our lives more convenient in the future. 46．How did the writer introduce the topic in Paragraph 1? A．By raising a question. B．By telling his stories. C．By describing a scene. D．By giving an example. 47．What does the underlined part “are on the way” probably mean? A．Stay unknown. B．Keep appearing. C．Become outdated. D．Remain special. 48．What can we know about the AI hair washing in Shenzhen? A．It costs more than 10 yuan. B．It doesn’t include a scalp check. C．It can be found in several areas. D．It has the same setting for everyone. 49．Why do many people try the AI hair washing service? A．Because it can dry their hair by itself. B．Because it’s better than the traditional way. C．Because there are no other hair washing stores. D．Because they have an interest in the new technology. 50．What is the best title for the text? A．The development of AI hair washing technology B．Workers’ important role in AI hair washing stores C．AI hair washing: new service popular in Shenzhen D．Infrared technology: the secret of AI hair washing 【答案】46．A 47．B 48．C 49．D 50．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了深圳流行的AI洗头服务及其特点、价格、操作流程和用户评价，并展望了其未来发展。 46．推理判断题。根据“Have you ever imagined a robot washing your hair for you?”可知，作者通过提问引入话题。故选A。 47．词句猜测题。根据“more such stores are on the way”以及上下文可知，更多这样的商店正在出现，此处“are on the way”意为“不断涌现”。故选B。 48．细节理解题。根据“Many AI hair washing stores have been opened in several areas in Shenzhen, such as Nanshan, Futian and Longhua.”可知，该服务在深圳多个区域可见。故选C。 49．细节理解题。根据“Curious about the new technology, many people have tried this new way of hair washing.”可知，人们尝试的原因是感兴趣。故选D。 50．最佳标题题。全文围绕深圳流行的AI洗头服务展开，介绍其特点、用户反馈等，标题应突出“AI洗头”和“流行”两个核心。故选C。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 30 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $