Unit 3 Mind and body（单元自测·基础卷）英语沪教版选择性必修第三册

Unit 3 Mind and body单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage 1 the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river 2 (pollute) so much that it’s unsafe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot 3 (clean) ,” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage 4 can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bottle rings and get 5 (cut) by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers 6 row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup. they had removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “ 7 (see) what is left in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues. ” Susan says. She hopes 8 when others read that, she and her peers care enough 9 (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice 10 they throw garbage into the river. 【答案】 1．from 2．is polluted 3．cleaner 4．that/which 5．cut 6．can 7．Seeing 8．that 9．to clean 10．before 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述去年八月，苏珊等学生清理城市河流垃圾，该河污染严重，如今渐清，此举望促人们扔垃圾前三思。 1．考查介词。句意：去年八月，苏珊和其他42名学生在清理穿过他们城市的河流中的六吨垃圾时，浑身又湿又脏。这里考查remove...from...，为固定搭配，表示“从……移除……”。故填from。 2．考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：像三分之一的美国河流一样，这条河被污染得很严重，游泳或钓鱼都不安全。此空考查谓语动词，this river与pollute之间为被动关系，且此处描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语this river为单数。故填is polluted。 3．考查形容词比较级。句意：“自从三年前我们开始（清理），这条河变得干净多了，”她说。由a lot及语境可知，此处表示比之前更干净，用比较级。故填cleaner。 4．考查定语从句。句意：环境科学家赞扬这些青少年清除了可能危害野生动物的垃圾。这里考查定语从句，先行词为garbage，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用that或which引导定语从句。故填that/which。 5．考查非谓语。句意：例如，水鸟可能因塑料瓶环而死，或被微小的金属割伤。这里考查“get + 过去分词”表示被动，cut的过去分词仍为cut。故填cut。 6．考查情态动词。句意：但今年这些青少年能快速划船了。根据语境，此处表示能力，所以应用情态动词can。故填can。 7．考查非谓语。句意：“看到河里剩下的东西会让人们开始关心环境问题。”苏珊说。此处应用动名词短语作主语，且句首时首字母应大写。故填Seeing。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。hope后接宾语从句，从句句意完整且不缺成分，用that引导。故填that。 9．考查非谓语。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。这里考查care enough to do sth.，为固定结构，表示“足够关心去做某事”。故填to clean。 10．考查连词。句意：她希望，当其他人读到她和同龄人非常关心并清理这条河时，也许他们在往河里扔垃圾之前会三思。根据语境，扔垃圾的动作发生在“三思”之后，用before引导时间状语从句，表示“在……之前”。故填before。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．endured B．strong C． operating D．inspired E. facility F. stand G. orderly H. originally I. performing J. decade K. violence Denis Mukwege never intended to become Dr. Miracle, an award-winning gynecologist (妇科医生). He grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a priest’s kid. In fact, it was visiting the sick with his father that 11 him to become a doctor in the first place. The country has 12 more than two decades of conflict, and Congolese women have suffered worst. Warring for control of the country’s gold and precious mineral deposits, rebel groups are cruelly attacking the region’s women. During the last 13 the DRC has actually been described as “the rape (强暴) capital of the world”. One study found that 48 women are raped every hour in the country. One man stands 14 against this hurt, and has done so for more than 20 years. He first set up the Panzi hospital — 15 made of tents — in 1998. After losing the hospital the same year in the crossfire of the Second Congo War, Mukwege rebuilt the following year. Since then, Panzi hospital has grown to become a major health 16 . There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 17 as many as 10 operations a day. Last year while 18 in the hospital, Mukwege heard the news that he, along with Nadia Murad, had been awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize. The prize centers on acknowledging “their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.” He, a doctor, and she an Iraqi human rights activist who suffered in the same way that so many of Mukwege’s patients have, should inspire everyone to take a(n) 19 for peace. For Mukwege, “When I see how strong women are, all my motivation comes from them.” Winning the Peace Prize could be the first step toward an end to 20 against women. 【答案】 11．D 12．A 13．J 14．B 15．H 16．E 17．I 18．C 19．F 20．K 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了刚果妇科医生Denis Mukwege的事迹，他在该国多年冲突中为受暴力侵害的女性提供治疗，获2018年诺贝尔和平奖。 11．考查动词。句意：事实上，最初是和父亲一起去看望病人激励他成为一名医生。根据后文“him to become a doctor”可知，此处表示激励他成为医生，inspire sb. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“激励某人做某事”，inspire作谓语动词，事情发生在过去，用一般过去时。故选D。 12．考查动词。句意：这个国家经历了二十多年的冲突，刚果妇女遭受的苦难最为严重。根据后文“more than two decades of conflict”可知，此处表示经历冲突，endure意为“忍受，经历”，作谓语，用过去分词endured构成现在完成时态has endured。故选A。 13．考查名词。句意：在过去的十年里，刚果民主共和国实际上被描述为“世界强奸之都”。根据语境可知，这里说的是过去的一段时间，结合所给词汇，decade意为“十年”，符合语境。故选J。 14．考查副词。句意：有一个人强烈地反对这种伤害，并且已经这样做了二十多年。stand strong against是固定表达，意为“坚定地反对”，副词strong作状语，意为“强烈地，猛烈地”。故选B。 15．考查副词。句意：他于1998年首次建立了潘齐医院，最初是由帐篷搭建而成的。根据前文“He first set up the Panzi hospital”和后文“made of tents”可推知，潘齐医院最初由帐篷搭建而成，用副词originally来修饰整个短语，作状语，意为“最初，原先”。故选H。 16．考查名词。句意：从那时起，潘齐医院已经发展成为一个主要的医疗设施。根据前文“Panzi hospital has grown to become a major...”和常识可知，这里说的是医院成为一个医疗设施，名词facility意为“设施”，符合语境。故选E。 17．考查动词。句意：在那里，据报道Mukwege每年要照顾3500多名妇女，有时一天要做多达10台手术。根据后文“as many as 10 operations a day”可知，此处表示做手术，perform operations是固定表达，意为“做手术”，这里用现在分词，作伴随状语。故选I。 18．考查动词。句意：去年，当他在医院做手术时，Mukwege听到了他和Nadia Murad获得2018年诺贝尔和平奖的消息。根据前文“There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 7 as many as 10 operations a day.”和后文“in the hospital”可推知，Mukwege在医院做手术，用动词operate，意为“做手术”，while引导省略的时间状语从句，完整形式是while he was operating，省略了主语和be动词，保留现在分词operating。故选C。 19．考查动词短语。句意：他，一位医生，和她，一位像Mukwege的许多病人一样遭受苦难的伊拉克人权活动家，应该激励每个人为和平挺身而出。结合前文“a doctor”和“human rights activist”可推知，两者都会为和平挺身而出，用动词短语take a stand for，意为“为……挺身而出”。故选F。 20．考查名词。句意：获得和平奖可能是结束对妇女暴力行为的第一步。根据前文提到的妇女遭受强暴等内容可知，这里说的是结束对妇女的暴力，用名词violence作宾语，意为“暴力”。故选K。 II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Are you a digital hoarder? Most people are familiar with hoarding (囤积) and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy homes and difficulty 21 with items that you don’t use and don’t even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital world. Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, is too much acquisition and 22 to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Most computer users save digital files to some extent, and that’s expected. With digital hoarding, however, the act of saving the files becomes an uncontrollable 23 . Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future, and ultimately, in most cases, they 24 get to actually use it or listen to it or read it. Digital hoarding also occurs when someone is too 25 to the data even to consider getting rid of it. This can include chats and photos of an old partner, 26 sent by a long-lost friend, or even screenshots collected several years ago. Researchers have 27 digital hoarders into 4 different types, according to their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, 28 and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders”, also called “ 29 or disorganized hoarders”, don’t intentionally save unnecessary data. They just don’t know how to organize it. “The hoarders by instruction” keep data on behalf of their company (even when they could delete much of it). Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional 30 to their data — and are worried about deleting it. The problem has only gotten worse since we have more 31 to digital storage than ever. In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed. With 32 cloud space, it’s logical when network users don’t think twice about saving files. However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress and now researchers are observing that the negative consequences of digital hoarding may be similar to those of 33 hoarding. 34 , it’s important to set time aside to have a good clear-out, in the same way we do in the physical world. By organizing and 35 useless files in a regular way, people with this problem can ease some of their distress and clear their own mind as well. 21．A．stocking B．binding C．living D．parting 22．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．perspective D．fantasy 23．A．obstacle B．boost C．urge D．stream 24．A．substantially B．frequently C．autonomously D．rarely 25．A．transmitted B．closed C．attached D．assigned 26．A．flowers B．texts C．gifts D．letters 27．A．regulated B．categorized C．integrated D．stimulated 28．A．rigid B．generous C．patriotic D．systematic 29．A．disengaged B．enthusiastic C．reliable D．discriminated 30．A．appeals B．conflicts C．issues D．ties 31．A．access B．concern C．desire D．excuse 32．A．multiple B．secure C．limitless D．meaningless 33．A．massive B．regular C．casual D．physical 34．A．Instead B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 35．A．making use of B．taking care of C．getting rid of D．getting used to 【答案】 21．D 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．C 26．B 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了数字囤积者的分类和特点以及数字囤积带来的困扰，并表明要定期整理和清除无用文件。 21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：囤积会导致家里乱作一团，也会让你难以舍弃那些你不用甚至不需要的物品。A. stocking储备，贮存；B. binding绑定；C. living生活；D. parting分离。根据下文“items that you don’t use and don’t even need”可知，此处是指舍弃那些你不用甚至不需要的物品。part with意为“舍弃”。故选D。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：数字囤积，也被称为电子囤积，是指过多地获取和不愿删除对用户不再有价值的电子材料。A. reluctance不情愿；B. eagerness渴望；C. perspective角度；D. fantasy华丽。根据上文“Digital hoarding”可知，数字囤积让人不愿删除对用户不再有价值的电子材料。故选A。 23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，有了数字囤积，保存文件的行为就变成了一种无法控制的冲动。A. obstacle困难；B. boost推动，促进；C. urge冲动；D. stream小河，小溪。根据后文“Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future(数字囤积者可能会收集电子邮件、照片、文章、播客或任何他们认为将来可能会重温的电脑文件)”可知，此处是指保存文件的行为变成了一种无法控制的冲动。故选C。 24．考查副词词义辨析。句意：数字囤积者可能会收集电子邮件、照片、文章、播客或任何他们认为将来可能会重温的电脑文件，但最终，在大多数情况下，他们很少真正使用、听或阅读这些文件。A. substantially实质上；B. frequently频繁地；C. autonomously自治地；D. rarely很少地。根据上文“Digital hoarders”和“electronic material no longer valuable to the user”可知，数字囤积者会囤积对用户不再有价值的电子材料，实际上他们很少真正使用、听或阅读这些文件。故选D。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当一个人过于依赖数据，甚至不考虑丢弃数据时，也会发生“数字囤积”。A. transmitted播送，传输，发射；B. closed关闭；C. attached附属，依附；D. assigned分派。根据上文“Digital hoarding also occurs”可知，此处是指当一个人过于依赖数据，数字囤积会发生，be attached to (依恋、爱上)。故选C。 26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些信息包括老朋友的聊天记录和照片，失散多年的朋友发来的短信，甚至是几年前收集的截图。A. flowers花；B. texts短信；C. gifts礼物；D. letters信。根据下文“sent by a long-lost friend”和上文“Digital hoarding”可知，数字囤积可包括失散多年的朋友发来的短信。故选B。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：研究人员根据他们的特点将数字囤积者分为四种不同的类型。A. regulated管理；B. categorized分类；C. integrated合并，成为一体；D. stimulated刺激。根据下文“into 4 different types”可知，此处是指将数字囤积者分为四种不同的类型。故选B。 28．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“收集者”是有组织的、系统的，并能控制他们的数据。A. rigid僵硬的；B. generous慷慨的；C. patriotic爱国的，有爱国心的；D. systematic系统的。根据上文“organized”和下文“and in control of their data”可知，“收集者”具有系统型特点。故选D。 29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“意外囤积者”，也被称为“散漫或无序囤积者”，他们不会故意保存不必要的数据。A. disengaged散漫的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. reliable可靠的；D. discriminated区分的。根据下文“disorganized hoarders”可知，“意外囤积者”是缺乏组织的、散漫的。故选A。 30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最后，“焦虑囤积者”对自己的数据有着强烈的情感联系——他们担心删除数据。A. appeals呼吁，恳求；B. conflicts冲突，抵触；C. issues问题；D. ties联系。根据下文“and are worried about deleting it”可知，“焦虑囤积者”担心删除数据，说明他们对自己的数据有着强烈的情感联系。故选D。 31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于我们拥有比以往任何时候都多的数字存储，这个问题只会变得更糟。A. access获得的机会，使用权； B. concern担忧；C. desire愿望；D. excuse借口。根据后文“In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed.”(此外，云存储使根据需要购买更多存储变得非常容易。)可知，此处是指我们拥有比以往任何时候都多的数字存储机会。故选A。 32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有了无限的云空间，网络用户在保存文件时不必三思，这是合乎逻辑的。A. multiple数量多的；B. secure安全的；C. limitless无限的；D. meaningless无意义的。根据下文“it’s logical when network users don’t think twice about saving files”可知，网络用户可随意保存文件，是因为他们有了无限的云空间。故选C。 33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，研究发现，数字囤积者的压力增加，现在研究人员观察到，数字囤积的负面后果可能与实物囤积类似。A. massive巨大的；B. regular规律的；C. casual随意的；D. physical物体的。根据上文“may be similar to”可知，此处是指数字囤积的负面后果可能与实物囤积类似，二者进行类比。故选D。 34．考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，留出时间好好地清理一下是很重要的，就像我们在现实世界中所做的一样。A. Instead反而；B. However但是；C. Otherwise否则；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress”和下文“it’s important to set time aside to have a good clear-out”可知，数字囤积者的压力会增加，因此，留出时间好好地清理一下是很重要的。故选D。 35．考查动词短语辨析。句意：通过定期整理和清除无用的文件，有这个问题的人可以减轻一些痛苦，也可以理清自己的思路。A. making use of利用；B. taking care of照顾；C. getting rid of清除；D. getting used to习惯。根据下文“useless files”可知，作者建议清除无用的文件。故选C。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A We owe our knowledge about the Earth’s geography largely to such explorers as Christopher Columbus and James Cook, who ventured into the seas in search of new lands. Portuguese ship captain Ferdinand Magellan was also such a man, who was the first explorer to sail around the world. Magellan was interested in the paths Christopher Columbus had taken on his voyages, and after studying the maps of those routes for years, he requested King Manuel in 1513 to allow him to sail to the Spice Islands, but this time he would travel the waters south of South America. He was convinced that the trip would be shorter than if he headed to the southern tip of Africa and then across the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, Manuel refused his request. Later on, Magellan applied himself to astronomy ( 天 文 学 ) and navigation for almost two years. In 1517, he took the information gathered from his studies to Charles I of Spain, who agreed to fund his voyage. In 1519, with 5 ships and 241 men under his command, Magellan sailed across the Atlantic to what is now Rio de Janeiro; he then headed south to find the passage to the Pacific. Luck was not with him, however—he was unable to find that passage before the end of summer, and he adjourned in Puerto San Julian, Argentina, a country in southern South America, where one ship was destroyed, and some of his crew rebelled. Determined to continue, Magellan managed to restart his voyage in the spring of 1520, but difficulties once again nearly defeated him. The crew went for 98 days without seeing any land, ran out of food, and used up almost all their water. 19 men died before the ships reached Guam, and conflicts with people there prevented them from getting resupplied fully. When they finally reached the Philippines in 1521, Magellan himself was killed in a battle. Only one ship, with 18 survivors, made it back to Spain in 1522. But the exploration must in one very important respect be considered a success—it paved the way for explorers, merchants, and settlers to sail the Pacific, travelling relatively quickly to new and far-off lands. 36．Magellan believed that the trip would be shorter if he ________. A．cut through the Spice Islands B．went across the Pacific Ocean C．headed directly to the southern tip of Africa D．traveled the waters south of South America 37．The word “adjourned” in the passage most probably means ________. A．was held up B．was cheered up C．gave up D．sped up 38．What troubled the team on their way to the Philippines? A．Not taking along fresh water. B．Not choosing the right time. C．Magellan’s unexpected death. D．Failure to get a full resupply. 39．What is this passage mainly about? A．Magellan’s lasting and fruitful persuasion of the kings. B．Magellan’s tough exploration of sailing round the world. C．Magellan’s significant influences on Earth’s living space. D．Magellan’s contribution to people’s knowledge of sailing. 【答案】36．D 37．A 38．D 39．B 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是麦哲伦艰难的环球航行探险。 36．细节理解题。根据第二段的“but this time he would travel the waters south of South America. He was convinced that the trip would be shorter than if he headed to the southern tip of Africa and then across the Pacific Ocean.（但这一次他将航行到南美洲南部的水域。他确信，如果他先去非洲南端，然后穿越太平洋，这段旅程将会更短。 ）”可知，麦哲伦认为，如果他从南美洲以南的水域出发，航程会短一些，故选D。 37．词句猜测题。根据第三段的“in Puerto San Julian, Argentina, a country in southern South America, where one ship was destroyed, and some of his crew rebelled.（这是南美洲南部的一个国家，在那里有一艘船被毁，他的一些船员发起了叛乱。）”可知，他是在那里滞留了，因此adjourned的意思 是“被滞留”，即was held up，故选A。 38．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“The crew went for 98 days without seeing any land, ran out of food, and used up almost all their water. 19 men died before the ships reached Guam, and conflicts with people there prevented them from getting resupplied fully.（船员们98天没有看到任何陆地，耗尽了食物，耗尽了几乎所有的水。在军舰抵达关岛之前，有19人死亡，与那里的人发生冲突，使他们无法得到充分的补给。）”可知，在去菲律宾的路上困扰他们的是没有得到足够的补给。故选D。 39．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Portuguese ship captain Ferdinand Magellan was also such a man, who was the first explorer to sail around the world.（葡萄牙船长费迪南德·麦哲伦也是这样一个人，他是第一个航海环游世界的探险家。）”及最后一段的“Only one ship, with 18 survivors, made it back to Spain in 1522.（1522年，只有一艘船带着18名幸存者回到了西班牙。）”可知，本文主要讲的是麦哲伦艰难的环球航行探险。故选B。 B CLASSIC TOURS—COACH BREAK INFORMATION Luggage We ask you to keep a medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken onto the coach. Seats Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks (巴士旅游) when booking, but since seats are booked on a first come, first serve basic, early booking is advisable. When bookings are made with us, you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time Travel Documents When you have paid your deposit（订金）, we will send you all the necessary documents, so that you can receive them in good time before the coach break leaving date. Certain documents, for example, air or boat tickets, may have to be reserved and your guide will then give them to you during the break. Special Diet If you require a special diet, you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet. This will be told to the hotels on your coach break. The hotels for certain coach breaks are tourist class and they may not have the equipment to deal with special diets. Any extra costs must be paid to the hotel by yourself before leaving the hotel. Accommodation Many of our coach tours now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach tour page. Other coach tour have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, if available, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking-- the supplementary charge shown in the price list will be added to your account. On any coach tour there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single room available, a supplementary charge may be needed and this will be shown on the brochure page. 40．If you want to sit at the front of the coach,please________ A．ask when you get on the coach B．arrive early on the departure date C．book your seat well in advance D．avoid traveling at peak times 41．If you need a special diet you should________ A．tell the coach company while booking B．pay extra money while booking C．inform the hotel when you arrive D．pay for it at the end of the tour 42．With every booking Classic Tour guarantees that you will be able to________ A．request high quality meals B．take a piece of small luggage on board C．use your own personal bathroom D．see a film if you want to 【答案】40．C 41．A 42．B 【分析】本文是一篇应用文。主要讲述乘坐巴士游览车旅游要注意的一些方面：行李、座位、旅行证件、饮食、住宿等。 40．细节理解题。根据第二段“Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks (巴士旅游) when booking, but since seats are booked on a first come, first serve basic, early booking is advisable.”当订票的时候，特殊的座位要求是可以有的，但是遵循先到先定的基础，最好早点预定，可知，要想订到前排的票，就得提前订好。故选C项。 41．细节理解题。根据第四段“If you require a special diet, you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet.”你如果要求特殊的饮食，你必须在预定的时候就通知我们，可知，如果游客在饮食上有特殊的要求，必须在预定的时候就通知他们。故选A项。 42．细节理解题。根据第一段“We ask you to keep a medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken onto the coach.”我们要求每个人只能携带一个中等大小的箱子，但是小的旅行袋也是可以带到巴士车上的，可知，游客可以带一个小行李到车上。故选B项。 C The teacher starts with the basics: how to thread a needle. Then she shows the students how to mend a torn shirt. The sewing class is part of a free, one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”. The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s. Such programmes are designed to help people “navigate adulthood”, even those who, legally and practically, have been navigating it for quite some time. The topics run from basic — how to dress appropriately for a job interview — to advanced, such as how to file income taxes. Raffi Grinberg created “Adulting 101” at Boston College, which was inspired by his first day working at Bain& Company. He and his peers had to decide which health-insurance plan to choose, how much of his salary to devote to saving for retirement, and other financial details. “Every one of us went out and called our parents,” he admits. “We were graduates of elite schools, and we still didn’t know what to do.” The rise in need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence, which have grown more digital and less physical. American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens. TikTok and YouTube do offer handy tutorials on all manner of household chores. But most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers. In Infantilised: How Our Culture Killed Adulthood, Keith Hayward argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their forebears were at the same age. They are shrinking from responsibilities such as marriage, homeowning, and child-rearing because “adulting is hard”. He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” Such perspectives may ring true. But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was. Take financial decisions. People opening their first bank account have to choose between a main-street branch and an array of online banks and bank-like institutions. Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed maturity. But indulged children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them. Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt. 43．If you were to design an “Adulting 101” course based on what you’ve learned from this passage, which of the following topics would be most suitable? A．Learning Spanish with ChatGPT B．Modern literature appreciation C．Financial literacy after graduation D．Navigating the mechanism behind Tik Tok 44．What does the author mean by saying “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” A．These classes make up for the absence of parental guidance. B．These classes are more feasible than parental suggestions. C．The courses can offer knowledge beyond daily skills. D．The role of parental advice is no longer crucial because of these courses. 45．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．parents nowadays are incapable of offering useful life advice B．young people consider life skills less necessary in the digital age C．a lack of meaning content online is to blame for delayed adulthood D．social changes better explain delayed adulthood than personal failings 46．What is the author’s attitude towards the adulting courses? A．They help adults identify and bridge their knowledge gap. B．They arise and popularize for justifiable reasons. C．They are a worrisome reflection of generational failure. D．They reflect the drawbacks of family and school education. 【答案】43．C 44．A 45．D 46．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文，介绍了 “Adulting 101” 这类帮助人们适应成年生活的课程，分析了其兴起的原因，包括年轻人成长环境变化、对长辈建议兴趣缺缺以及社会本身变得更复杂等因素，同时探讨了人们对该课程的看法。 43．细节理解题。根据第二段“Such programmes are designed to help people “navigate adulthood”, even those who, legally and practically, have been navigating it for quite some time. The topics run from basic — how to dress appropriately for a job interview—— to advanced, such as how to file income taxes.(这类课程旨在帮助人们 “适应成年生活”，即便对那些从法律层面和实际生活来讲，早已开启成年生活有一段时间的人来说，亦是如此。课程主题涵盖广泛，从基础内容，比如如何为求职面试得体着装，到高阶内容，例如如何申报所得税)” 可知，“Adulting 101” 课程旨在助力人们应对成年生活，涵盖从基础到高级的各种生活实用技能主题。C 选项“Financial literacy after graduation（毕业后的金融知识）”，毕业后涉及到理财等金融方面决策，属于成年生活的重要部分，故选C。 44．推理判断题。根据第六段“He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.(他补充说，如今的年轻人对长辈所能传授的东西也不太感兴趣：“父母和祖父母被看成是不会使用无线网络的笨蛋。” 如果父母没有就生活中诸多重要事务给出建议，“那就只能由这些课程来填补空白了”) ” 可知，现在年轻人对长辈建议不感兴趣，父母若不提供生活重要任务的建议，这些课程就会承担起相应责任。故选A。 45．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was.(但年轻人接受教育的时间越来越长，这意味着经济独立、寻找伴侣以及生儿育女的时间必然会推迟。事实上，成年后的生活很艰难。如今的世界比过去更加复杂)” 可知，年轻人因接受教育时间延长，成年相关事务推迟，且社会变得更复杂。这表明社会变化对成年延迟的解释力更强，而非个人的失败。故选D。 46．推理判断题。根据第四段“The rise in need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence, which have grown more digital and less physical.(对成人课程需求的增加，部分反映了童年和青少年时期性质的变化，这些时期变得更加数字化，而身体活动减少)，第六段“He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.”(他补充说，如今的年轻人对长辈所能传授的东西也不太感兴趣：“父母和祖父母被看成是不会使用无线网络的笨蛋。”如果父母没有就生活中诸多重要事务给出建议，“那就只能由这些课程来填补空白了”)”说明因年轻人对长辈建议不感兴趣，父母指导缺失，使得成人课程有了存在的必要，这也是课程兴起的合理理由。根据倒数第二段“But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was.”(但年轻人接受教育的时间更长，这意味着经济独立、伴侣和孩子必然会来得更晚。而且事实上，成年生活很艰难。世界比过去更复杂了)”可知，作者提到了成年课程需求增加是因为童年和青少年时期的变化，年轻人对长辈建议不感兴趣以及社会变得更复杂，导致成年生活变难，这些都表明成年课程兴起有合理原因。同时提到愿意花时间参加课程学习生活技能的是成熟的人，侧面说明课程流行也有其合理性。所以作者认为成年课程是因合理原因产生并流行的。故选B。 Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Chances a low fat-diet will help? Slim and none The largest study ever to ask whether a low-fat diet reduces the risk of getting cancer or heart disease has found that the diet has no effect. 47 In the end, those assigned to a low-fat diet had the same rates of cancer, heart attacks and strokes as those who ate whatever they pleased, researchers reported Wednesday. “These studies are revolutionary,” said Dr. Jules Hirsch, physician at Rockefeller University in New York City, who has spent a lifetime studying the effects of diets on weight and heath.” 48 The results, the study investigators agreed, do not justify recommending low-fat diets to the public to reduce their heart disease and cancer risk. The investigators added that the best dietary advice was eating less saturated fats and trans fats (饱和脂肪和反式脂肪), more grains and more fruits and vegetables. 49 Some, like Dr. Dean Ornish, a promoter of low-fat diets and president of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, said that the women did not reduce their fat to low enough levels or eat enough fruits and vegetables. He also said the study, even at eight years, did not give the diets enough time. Barbara Howard, a principal investigator in the study, said people should realize that diet alone is not enough to stay healthy. “We are not going to reverse any of the diseases in this country by changing the composition of the diet,” Howard said. “People are always thinking it’s what they ate. 50 ” Except for not smoking, the evidence for advice on what makes a healthy lifestyle is largely indirect, Howard said. Most medical re-searchers agree, however, that it also makes sense for people to eat well, control their weight and get regular exercise. A．Not everyone was convinced. B．They should put a stop to this thinking that we have all the information we need to change the whole national diet and make everybody healthy. C．In this case, the diet study addressed a tricky problem. D．Others have said the opposite: that low-fat diets enable people to lose weight naturally. E．The $415 million study involved nearly 49,000 women aged 50 to 79 who were followed for eight years. F．They are not looking at how much they ate or that they smoke or that they are not doing any sports. 【答案】47．E 48．C 49．A 50．F 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项耗资4.15亿美元、涉及近4.9万名50到79岁女性的8年研究，发现低脂饮食对降低患癌和心脏病风险无效果，还提及不同人对此结果的看法。 47．下文“In the end, those assigned to a low-fat diet had the same rates of cancer, heart attacks and strokes as those who ate whatever they pleased, researchers reported Wednesday.(研究人员周三报告称，最终，那些被分配到低脂饮食组的人与那些想吃什么就吃什么的人患癌症、心脏病发作和中风的几率相同)”介绍了研究结果，E选项“The $415 million study involved nearly 49,000 women aged 50 to 79 who were followed for eight years.(这项耗资4.15亿美元的研究涉及近4.9万名50到79岁的女性，对她们进行了8年的跟踪调查)”引出了研究的基本情况，为下文结果的阐述做铺垫，上下文逻辑连贯。故选E项。 48．上文“These studies are revolutionary(这些研究具有革命性)”表达了对研究的肯定，结合上文提到研究发现低脂饮食对降低患癌和心脏病风险无效果，C选项“In this case, the diet study addressed a tricky problem.(在这种情况下，这项饮食研究解决了一个棘手的问题)”进一步说明该研究的重要性，因为它解决了一个难题，与上文观点一致且有逻辑递进关系。故选C项。 49．下文“Some, like Dr. Dean Ornish, a promoter of low fat diets and president of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, said that the women did not reduce their fat to low enough levels or eat enough fruits and vegetables.(一些人，比如加州索萨利托预防医学研究所所长、低脂饮食的倡导者迪恩·欧宁胥博士说，这些女性没有将脂肪摄入量降低到足够低的水平，也没有吃足够的水果和蔬菜)”提到了一些人对研究结果的质疑，A选项“Not everyone was convinced.(并非所有人都信服)”引出了下文这些人不同的看法，与下文内容构成总分关系。故选A项。 50．上文“People are always thinking it’s what they ate.(人们总是认为问题出在他们吃了什么)”指出人们的错误认知，F选项“They are not looking at how much they ate or that they smoke or that they are not doing any sports.(他们没有考虑到自己吃了多少，或者他们吸烟，或者他们不做任何运动)”进一步说明人们只关注吃了什么，而忽略了其他影响健康的因素，与上文形成递进关系，进一步阐述人们认知的片面性。故选F项。 III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Crucial Role of Early Childhood Environment The environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form relationships, effectiveness in work or play — even our health. In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons. First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more synapses (神经元的突触) or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. Children’s experiences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house, stating, “Just as a lack of the right materials can result in blueprints that change, the lack of appropriate experiences can lead to alterations in genetic plans.” Because children’s experiences are limited by their surroundings, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on the way the child’s brain develops. The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments. Many children spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in early childhood setting. For example, a baby beginning child care will spend up to 12,000 hours in the program. This is more time than he will spend in both elementary and secondary schools. Children will typically spend another 4,000 hours in kindergarten through third grade classrooms. Anita Rui Olds, a well-known environmental designer, believes that we should design our early childhood environments for miracles, not minimums. She states: “Children are miracles. Believing that every child is a miracle can transform the way we design for children’s care. When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle! _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】There are two reasons why children’s learning and development depend on the early childhood environment. First, the environment where children get their experiences determines the way of children’s brain development. Second, compared to other periods, children spend more time in early childhood settings. So a better early childhood environment should be set for children’s brain development. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述幼儿环境对儿童的学习和发展有着非常关键的两方面的作用。 【详解】1 要点摘录① In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons.②First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development.③The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.④When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle! 2.缜密构思全文是“总-分-总”的结构。以上四句话分别描述每一段的主旨大意，因此概括全文内容可以使用它们的组合。3.遣词造句①Because children’s developments are created by education, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on them.②Many people spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in playing mobile phones.③Believing that every effort will create a miracle can transform the way we understand ourselves. 【点睛】[高分句型1]：Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. 其中两个that引导的定语从句，while连词功能连接两个有从句的分句，表示对比关系，该表达很高级。 [高分句型2]：The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments.用that引导定语从句修饰reason并且在主句中作主语，且is后面接because of连接的名词性短语，表达非常高级。 IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．我们以能够提供顾客们满意的服务而自豪。(pride) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】We pride ourselves on being able to provide satisfactory services to customers. 【详解】考查代词、动词短语、形容词和名词。表示“我们”应用代词we，作主语；表示“以……而自豪”短语为pride oneself on，结合主语we，oneself应用ourselves；表示“能够提供”短语为be able to provide，跟在介词on后，be动词用动名词形式being；表示“满意的服务”短语为satisfactory services，此处service为可数名词，应用复数形式作provide的宾语；表示“顾客们”应用名词customers，作介词to的宾语，故翻译为We pride ourselves on being able to provide satisfactory services to customers. 53．所有员工都可以申请这个岗位，不限部门。(no matter) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】All employees can apply for this position, no matter which department they are from. 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语和从句。表示“所有员工”短语为all employees，作主语；表示“可以申请”短语为can apply for，作谓语；表示“这个岗位”短语为this position，作宾语；表示“不限部门”结合提示词no matter，应用no matter which department they are from，其中no matter which引导让步状语从句，陈述的是客观情况，用一般现在时，故翻译为All employees can apply for this position, no matter which department they are from. 54．上海车展一直是公众感受全球新品首发的“打卡地”。(launch) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Shanghai Auto Show has always been a “check-in spot” for the public to experience the global launch of new products. 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语、不定式和时态。表示“上海车展”应用名词短语The Shanghai Auto Show，作句子主语；表示“一直是”应用 has always been，结合语境可知用现在完成时；表示“打卡地”应用名词短语a “check-in spot”，作表语；表示“公众”应用名词the public；表示“感受”应用动词experience；表示“全球新品首发”结合提示词launch，短语为the global launch of new products，其中launch为名词，作动词experience的宾语；“公众感受全球新品首发的”为不定式短语for the public to experience the global launch of new products，作后置定语修饰a “check-in spot”。故翻译为The Shanghai Auto Show has always been a “check-in spot” for the public to experience the global launch of new products. 55．这个协会将通过科学交流、培训指导、资金支持等形式，持续扶持有志于科学研究的青年才俊。(means) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】This association will continuously support young talents who are committed to scientific research through such means as scientific exchanges, training and guidance, and financial support. 【详解】考查名词、动词、短语和从句。表示“这个协会”应用名词短语This association，作句子主语；表示“将持续扶持”应用will continuously support，为一般将来时结构，体现动作的趋势；表示“有志于科学研究的青年才俊”，用定语从句young talents who are committed to scientific research，其中young talents是先行词，who引导定语从句，are committed to表示“致力于；有志于”；表示“通过……形式”结合提示词means，短语为through such means as，作方式状语，从句陈述的是客观情况，用一般现在时；“科学交流、培训指导、资金支持”对应scientific exchanges, training and guidance, and financial support，作as的宾语。故翻译为This association will continuously support young talents who are committed to scientific research through such means as scientific exchanges, training and guidance, and financial support. V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校英语报正在举行征文比赛，主题为“The change that I expect AI to bring about”，写一篇文章参赛，内容须包括： (1)你最期待AI会带来的变化； (2)你期待这一变化的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】The Change That I Expect AI to Bring About As a senior high school student, I’m highly interested in the potential of AI. The change that I most expect AI to bring about is in the field of education. I hope AI can provide personalized learning experiences for every student. In traditional classrooms, teachers have to teach a large group of students with different learning paces and styles. However, AI can analyze students’ learning data, such as their strengths, weaknesses, and learning speeds. Then it can customize study plans and materials for each individual. The reason for my expectation is that personalized learning can greatly improve learning efficiency. Students can focus more on the areas where they need improvement, and they won’t waste time on things they already know well. Moreover, it can also increase students’ enthusiasm for learning as they are more likely to achieve better results with a more suitable learning method. In this way, AI can help every student reach their full potential in education. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于征文类作文。要求考生以高二学生李明的身份，围绕“The change that I expect AI to bring about”这一主题进行写作，需包含最期待 AI 带来的变化以及期待这一变化的理由。 【详解】1. 词汇积累 希望：hope → wish 提供：provide → offer 然而：however → nevertheless 提高：improve → enhance 2. 句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：However, AI can analyze students’ learning data, such as their strengths, weaknesses, and learning speeds.    拓展句：However, AI, which has powerful computing capabilities, can analyze students’ learning data, such as their strengths, weaknesses, and learning speeds. 【点睛】[高分句型1] The change that I most expect AI to bring about is in the field of education. (运用了关系代词that引导限制性定语从句) [高分句型2] The reason for my expectation is that personalized learning can greatly improve learning efficiency.(运用了连词that引导表语从句) [高分句型3] Moreover, it can also increase students’ enthusiasm for learning as they are more likely to achieve better results with a more suitable learning method. (运用了从属连词as引导原因状语从句) 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Mind and body单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage 1 the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river 2 (pollute) so much that it’s unsafe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot 3 (clean) ,” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage 4 can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bottle rings and get 5 (cut) by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers 6 row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup. they had removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “ 7 (see) what is left in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues. ” Susan says. She hopes 8 when others read that, she and her peers care enough 9 (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice 10 they throw garbage into the river. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．endured B．strong C． operating D．inspired E. facility F. stand G. orderly H. originally I. performing J. decade K. violence Denis Mukwege never intended to become Dr. Miracle, an award-winning gynecologist (妇科医生). He grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a priest’s kid. In fact, it was visiting the sick with his father that 11 him to become a doctor in the first place. The country has 12 more than two decades of conflict, and Congolese women have suffered worst. Warring for control of the country’s gold and precious mineral deposits, rebel groups are cruelly attacking the region’s women. During the last 13 the DRC has actually been described as “the rape (强暴) capital of the world”. One study found that 48 women are raped every hour in the country. One man stands 14 against this hurt, and has done so for more than 20 years. He first set up the Panzi hospital — 15 made of tents — in 1998. After losing the hospital the same year in the crossfire of the Second Congo War, Mukwege rebuilt the following year. Since then, Panzi hospital has grown to become a major health 16 . There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 17 as many as 10 operations a day. Last year while 18 in the hospital, Mukwege heard the news that he, along with Nadia Murad, had been awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize. The prize centers on acknowledging “their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.” He, a doctor, and she an Iraqi human rights activist who suffered in the same way that so many of Mukwege’s patients have, should inspire everyone to take a(n) 19 for peace. For Mukwege, “When I see how strong women are, all my motivation comes from them.” Winning the Peace Prize could be the first step toward an end to 20 against women. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Are you a digital hoarder? Most people are familiar with hoarding (囤积) and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy homes and difficulty 21 with items that you don’t use and don’t even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital world. Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, is too much acquisition and 22 to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Most computer users save digital files to some extent, and that’s expected. With digital hoarding, however, the act of saving the files becomes an uncontrollable 23 . Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future, and ultimately, in most cases, they 24 get to actually use it or listen to it or read it. Digital hoarding also occurs when someone is too 25 to the data even to consider getting rid of it. This can include chats and photos of an old partner, 26 sent by a long-lost friend, or even screenshots collected several years ago. Researchers have 27 digital hoarders into 4 different types, according to their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, 28 and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders”, also called “ 29 or disorganized hoarders”, don’t intentionally save unnecessary data. They just don’t know how to organize it. “The hoarders by instruction” keep data on behalf of their company (even when they could delete much of it). Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional 30 to their data — and are worried about deleting it. The problem has only gotten worse since we have more 31 to digital storage than ever. In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed. With 32 cloud space, it’s logical when network users don’t think twice about saving files. However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress and now researchers are observing that the negative consequences of digital hoarding may be similar to those of 33 hoarding. 34 , it’s important to set time aside to have a good clear-out, in the same way we do in the physical world. By organizing and 35 useless files in a regular way, people with this problem can ease some of their distress and clear their own mind as well. 21．A．stocking B．binding C．living D．parting 22．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．perspective D．fantasy 23．A．obstacle B．boost C．urge D．stream 24．A．substantially B．frequently C．autonomously D．rarely 25．A．transmitted B．closed C．attached D．assigned 26．A．flowers B．texts C．gifts D．letters 27．A．regulated B．categorized C．integrated D．stimulated 28．A．rigid B．generous C．patriotic D．systematic 29．A．disengaged B．enthusiastic C．reliable D．discriminated 30．A．appeals B．conflicts C．issues D．ties 31．A．access B．concern C．desire D．excuse 32．A．multiple B．secure C．limitless D．meaningless 33．A．massive B．regular C．casual D．physical 34．A．Instead B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 35．A．making use of B．taking care of C．getting rid of D．getting used to Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A We owe our knowledge about the Earth’s geography largely to such explorers as Christopher Columbus and James Cook, who ventured into the seas in search of new lands. Portuguese ship captain Ferdinand Magellan was also such a man, who was the first explorer to sail around the world. Magellan was interested in the paths Christopher Columbus had taken on his voyages, and after studying the maps of those routes for years, he requested King Manuel in 1513 to allow him to sail to the Spice Islands, but this time he would travel the waters south of South America. He was convinced that the trip would be shorter than if he headed to the southern tip of Africa and then across the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, Manuel refused his request. Later on, Magellan applied himself to astronomy ( 天 文 学 ) and navigation for almost two years. In 1517, he took the information gathered from his studies to Charles I of Spain, who agreed to fund his voyage. In 1519, with 5 ships and 241 men under his command, Magellan sailed across the Atlantic to what is now Rio de Janeiro; he then headed south to find the passage to the Pacific. Luck was not with him, however—he was unable to find that passage before the end of summer, and he adjourned in Puerto San Julian, Argentina, a country in southern South America, where one ship was destroyed, and some of his crew rebelled. Determined to continue, Magellan managed to restart his voyage in the spring of 1520, but difficulties once again nearly defeated him. The crew went for 98 days without seeing any land, ran out of food, and used up almost all their water. 19 men died before the ships reached Guam, and conflicts with people there prevented them from getting resupplied fully. When they finally reached the Philippines in 1521, Magellan himself was killed in a battle. Only one ship, with 18 survivors, made it back to Spain in 1522. But the exploration must in one very important respect be considered a success—it paved the way for explorers, merchants, and settlers to sail the Pacific, travelling relatively quickly to new and far-off lands. 36．Magellan believed that the trip would be shorter if he ________. A．cut through the Spice Islands B．went across the Pacific Ocean C．headed directly to the southern tip of Africa D．traveled the waters south of South America 37．The word “adjourned” in the passage most probably means ________. A．was held up B．was cheered up C．gave up D．sped up 38．What troubled the team on their way to the Philippines? A．Not taking along fresh water. B．Not choosing the right time. C．Magellan’s unexpected death. D．Failure to get a full resupply. 39．What is this passage mainly about? A．Magellan’s lasting and fruitful persuasion of the kings. B．Magellan’s tough exploration of sailing round the world. C．Magellan’s significant influences on Earth’s living space. D．Magellan’s contribution to people’s knowledge of sailing. B CLASSIC TOURS—COACH BREAK INFORMATION Luggage We ask you to keep a medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken onto the coach. Seats Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks (巴士旅游) when booking, but since seats are booked on a first come, first serve basic, early booking is advisable. When bookings are made with us, you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time Travel Documents When you have paid your deposit（订金）, we will send you all the necessary documents, so that you can receive them in good time before the coach break leaving date. Certain documents, for example, air or boat tickets, may have to be reserved and your guide will then give them to you during the break. Special Diet If you require a special diet, you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet. This will be told to the hotels on your coach break. The hotels for certain coach breaks are tourist class and they may not have the equipment to deal with special diets. Any extra costs must be paid to the hotel by yourself before leaving the hotel. Accommodation Many of our coach tours now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach tour page. Other coach tour have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, if available, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking-- the supplementary charge shown in the price list will be added to your account. On any coach tour there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single room available, a supplementary charge may be needed and this will be shown on the brochure page. 40．If you want to sit at the front of the coach,please________ A．ask when you get on the coach B．arrive early on the departure date C．book your seat well in advance D．avoid traveling at peak times 41．If you need a special diet you should________ A．tell the coach company while booking B．pay extra money while booking C．inform the hotel when you arrive D．pay for it at the end of the tour 42．With every booking Classic Tour guarantees that you will be able to________ A．request high quality meals B．take a piece of small luggage on board C．use your own personal bathroom D．see a film if you want to C The teacher starts with the basics: how to thread a needle. Then she shows the students how to mend a torn shirt. The sewing class is part of a free, one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”. The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s. Such programmes are designed to help people “navigate adulthood”, even those who, legally and practically, have been navigating it for quite some time. The topics run from basic — how to dress appropriately for a job interview — to advanced, such as how to file income taxes. Raffi Grinberg created “Adulting 101” at Boston College, which was inspired by his first day working at Bain& Company. He and his peers had to decide which health-insurance plan to choose, how much of his salary to devote to saving for retirement, and other financial details. “Every one of us went out and called our parents,” he admits. “We were graduates of elite schools, and we still didn’t know what to do.” The rise in need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence, which have grown more digital and less physical. American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens. TikTok and YouTube do offer handy tutorials on all manner of household chores. But most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers. In Infantilised: How Our Culture Killed Adulthood, Keith Hayward argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their forebears were at the same age. They are shrinking from responsibilities such as marriage, homeowning, and child-rearing because “adulting is hard”. He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” Such perspectives may ring true. But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was. Take financial decisions. People opening their first bank account have to choose between a main-street branch and an array of online banks and bank-like institutions. Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed maturity. But indulged children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them. Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt. 43．If you were to design an “Adulting 101” course based on what you’ve learned from this passage, which of the following topics would be most suitable? A．Learning Spanish with ChatGPT B．Modern literature appreciation C．Financial literacy after graduation D．Navigating the mechanism behind Tik Tok 44．What does the author mean by saying “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” A．These classes make up for the absence of parental guidance. B．These classes are more feasible than parental suggestions. C．The courses can offer knowledge beyond daily skills. D．The role of parental advice is no longer crucial because of these courses. 45．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．parents nowadays are incapable of offering useful life advice B．young people consider life skills less necessary in the digital age C．a lack of meaning content online is to blame for delayed adulthood D．social changes better explain delayed adulthood than personal failings 46．What is the author’s attitude towards the adulting courses? A．They help adults identify and bridge their knowledge gap. B．They arise and popularize for justifiable reasons. C．They are a worrisome reflection of generational failure. D．They reflect the drawbacks of family and school education. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Chances a low fat-diet will help? Slim and none The largest study ever to ask whether a low-fat diet reduces the risk of getting cancer or heart disease has found that the diet has no effect. 47 In the end, those assigned to a low-fat diet had the same rates of cancer, heart attacks and strokes as those who ate whatever they pleased, researchers reported Wednesday. “These studies are revolutionary,” said Dr. Jules Hirsch, physician at Rockefeller University in New York City, who has spent a lifetime studying the effects of diets on weight and heath.” 48 The results, the study investigators agreed, do not justify recommending low-fat diets to the public to reduce their heart disease and cancer risk. The investigators added that the best dietary advice was eating less saturated fats and trans fats (饱和脂肪和反式脂肪), more grains and more fruits and vegetables. 49 Some, like Dr. Dean Ornish, a promoter of low-fat diets and president of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, said that the women did not reduce their fat to low enough levels or eat enough fruits and vegetables. He also said the study, even at eight years, did not give the diets enough time. Barbara Howard, a principal investigator in the study, said people should realize that diet alone is not enough to stay healthy. “We are not going to reverse any of the diseases in this country by changing the composition of the diet,” Howard said. “People are always thinking it’s what they ate. 50 ” Except for not smoking, the evidence for advice on what makes a healthy lifestyle is largely indirect, Howard said. Most medical re-searchers agree, however, that it also makes sense for people to eat well, control their weight and get regular exercise. A．Not everyone was convinced. B．They should put a stop to this thinking that we have all the information we need to change the whole national diet and make everybody healthy. C．In this case, the diet study addressed a tricky problem. D．Others have said the opposite: that low-fat diets enable people to lose weight naturally. E．The $415 million study involved nearly 49,000 women aged 50 to 79 who were followed for eight years. F．They are not looking at how much they ate or that they smoke or that they are not doing any sports. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Crucial Role of Early Childhood Environment The environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form relationships, effectiveness in work or play — even our health. In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons. First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more synapses (神经元的突触) or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. Children’s experiences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house, stating, “Just as a lack of the right materials can result in blueprints that change, the lack of appropriate experiences can lead to alterations in genetic plans.” Because children’s experiences are limited by their surroundings, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on the way the child’s brain develops. The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments. Many children spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in early childhood setting. For example, a baby beginning child care will spend up to 12,000 hours in the program. This is more time than he will spend in both elementary and secondary schools. Children will typically spend another 4,000 hours in kindergarten through third grade classrooms. Anita Rui Olds, a well-known environmental designer, believes that we should design our early childhood environments for miracles, not minimums. She states: “Children are miracles. Believing that every child is a miracle can transform the way we design for children’s care. When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle! _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．我们以能够提供顾客们满意的服务而自豪。(pride) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53．所有员工都可以申请这个岗位，不限部门。(no matter) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54．上海车展一直是公众感受全球新品首发的“打卡地”。(launch) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55．这个协会将通过科学交流、培训指导、资金支持等形式，持续扶持有志于科学研究的青年才俊。(means) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校英语报正在举行征文比赛，主题为“The change that I expect AI to bring about”，写一篇文章参赛，内容须包括： (1)你最期待AI会带来的变化； (2)你期待这一变化的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 3 Mind and body单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） （参考答案） 1．from 2．is polluted 3．cleaner 4．that/which 5．cut 6．can 7．Seeing 8．that 9．to clean 10．before 11．D 12．A 13．J 14．B 15．H 16．E 17．I 18．C 19．F 20．K 21．D 22．A 23．C 24．D 25．C 26．B 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．D 31．A 32．C 33．D 34．D 35．C 36．D 37．A 38．D 39．B 40．C 41．A 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．D 46．B 47．E 48．C 49．A 50．F 51．There are two reasons why children’s learning and development depend on the early childhood environment. First, the environment where children get their experiences determines the way of children’s brain development. Second, compared to other periods, children spend more time in early childhood settings. So a better early childhood environment should be set for children’s brain development. 52．We pride ourselves on being able to provide satisfactory services to customers. 53．All employees can apply for this position, no matter which department they are from. 54．The Shanghai Auto Show has always been a “check-in spot” for the public to experience the global launch of new products. 55．This association will continuously support young talents who are committed to scientific research through such means as scientific exchanges, training and guidance, and financial support. 56．The Change That I Expect AI to Bring About As a senior high school student, I’m highly interested in the potential of AI. The change that I most expect AI to bring about is in the field of education. I hope AI can provide personalized learning experiences for every student. In traditional classrooms, teachers have to teach a large group of students with different learning paces and styles. However, AI can analyze students’ learning data, such as their strengths, weaknesses, and learning speeds. Then it can customize study plans and materials for each individual. The reason for my expectation is that personalized learning can greatly improve learning efficiency. Students can focus more on the areas where they need improvement, and they won’t waste time on things they already know well. Moreover, it can also increase students’ enthusiasm for learning as they are more likely to achieve better results with a more suitable learning method. In this way, AI can help every student reach their full potential in education. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ Unit 3 Mind and body单元自测·基础卷 （考试时间：90分钟 试卷满分：115分） 注意事项： 1．本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。 2．回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。写在本试卷上无效。 3．回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 4．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I. Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Last August Susan and forty-two other students got wet and dirty while removing six tons of garbage 1 the river running across their city. They cleaned up the river as part of a weeklong environmental camp. Like one in three American rivers, this river 2 (pollute) so much that it’s unsafe for swimming or fishing. Still, Susan, who has just completed her third summer camp on the river cleanup, sees a change in this river. “Since we started three years ago, the river is getting a lot 3 (clean) ,” she says. Environmental scientists praise the teenagers for removing garbage 4 can harm wild life. Water birds, for example, can die of plastic bottle rings and get 5 (cut) by tiny metals. Three years ago, when the cleanup started, garbage was everywhere. But this year the teenagers 6 row their boats fast. By the end of the six-hour cleanup. they had removed enough garbage to fill more than two large trucks. “ 7 (see) what is left in the river makes people begin to care about environmental issues. ” Susan says. She hopes 8 when others read that, she and her peers care enough 9 (clean) it up, maybe they would think twice 10 they throw garbage into the river. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．endured B．strong C． operating D．inspired E. facility F. stand G. orderly H. originally I. performing J. decade K. violence Denis Mukwege never intended to become Dr. Miracle, an award-winning gynecologist (妇科医生). He grew up in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as a priest’s kid. In fact, it was visiting the sick with his father that 11 him to become a doctor in the first place. The country has 12 more than two decades of conflict, and Congolese women have suffered worst. Warring for control of the country’s gold and precious mineral deposits, rebel groups are cruelly attacking the region’s women. During the last 13 the DRC has actually been described as “the rape (强暴) capital of the world”. One study found that 48 women are raped every hour in the country. One man stands 14 against this hurt, and has done so for more than 20 years. He first set up the Panzi hospital — 15 made of tents — in 1998. After losing the hospital the same year in the crossfire of the Second Congo War, Mukwege rebuilt the following year. Since then, Panzi hospital has grown to become a major health 16 . There, Mukwege reportedly cares for more than 3,500 women a year, sometimes 17 as many as 10 operations a day. Last year while 18 in the hospital, Mukwege heard the news that he, along with Nadia Murad, had been awarded the 2018 Nobel Peace Prize. The prize centers on acknowledging “their efforts to end the use of sexual violence as a weapon of war.” He, a doctor, and she an Iraqi human rights activist who suffered in the same way that so many of Mukwege’s patients have, should inspire everyone to take a(n) 19 for peace. For Mukwege, “When I see how strong women are, all my motivation comes from them.” Winning the Peace Prize could be the first step toward an end to 20 against women. II. Reading Comprehension (21 – 35题，每题1分；36 – 50题，每题2分；共45分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. Are you a digital hoarder? Most people are familiar with hoarding (囤积) and the psychological issues associated with it. Hoarding leads to messy homes and difficulty 21 with items that you don’t use and don’t even need. But hoarding can also occur in the digital world. Digital hoarding, also known as e-hoarding, is too much acquisition and 22 to delete electronic material no longer valuable to the user. Most computer users save digital files to some extent, and that’s expected. With digital hoarding, however, the act of saving the files becomes an uncontrollable 23 . Digital hoarders may collect emails, photos, articles, podcasts, or any type of computer files they believe they may want to revisit in the future, and ultimately, in most cases, they 24 get to actually use it or listen to it or read it. Digital hoarding also occurs when someone is too 25 to the data even to consider getting rid of it. This can include chats and photos of an old partner, 26 sent by a long-lost friend, or even screenshots collected several years ago. Researchers have 27 digital hoarders into 4 different types, according to their characteristics. “Collectors” are organized, 28 and in control of their data. “Accidental hoarders”, also called “ 29 or disorganized hoarders”, don’t intentionally save unnecessary data. They just don’t know how to organize it. “The hoarders by instruction” keep data on behalf of their company (even when they could delete much of it). Finally, “anxious hoarders” have strong emotional 30 to their data — and are worried about deleting it. The problem has only gotten worse since we have more 31 to digital storage than ever. In addition, cloud storage makes it incredibly easy to purchase more storage as needed. With 32 cloud space, it’s logical when network users don’t think twice about saving files. However, studies found that digital hoarders experience increased levels of stress and now researchers are observing that the negative consequences of digital hoarding may be similar to those of 33 hoarding. 34 , it’s important to set time aside to have a good clear-out, in the same way we do in the physical world. By organizing and 35 useless files in a regular way, people with this problem can ease some of their distress and clear their own mind as well. 21．A．stocking B．binding C．living D．parting 22．A．reluctance B．eagerness C．perspective D．fantasy 23．A．obstacle B．boost C．urge D．stream 24．A．substantially B．frequently C．autonomously D．rarely 25．A．transmitted B．closed C．attached D．assigned 26．A．flowers B．texts C．gifts D．letters 27．A．regulated B．categorized C．integrated D．stimulated 28．A．rigid B．generous C．patriotic D．systematic 29．A．disengaged B．enthusiastic C．reliable D．discriminated 30．A．appeals B．conflicts C．issues D．ties 31．A．access B．concern C．desire D．excuse 32．A．multiple B．secure C．limitless D．meaningless 33．A．massive B．regular C．casual D．physical 34．A．Instead B．However C．Otherwise D．Therefore 35．A．making use of B．taking care of C．getting rid of D．getting used to Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A We owe our knowledge about the Earth’s geography largely to such explorers as Christopher Columbus and James Cook, who ventured into the seas in search of new lands. Portuguese ship captain Ferdinand Magellan was also such a man, who was the first explorer to sail around the world. Magellan was interested in the paths Christopher Columbus had taken on his voyages, and after studying the maps of those routes for years, he requested King Manuel in 1513 to allow him to sail to the Spice Islands, but this time he would travel the waters south of South America. He was convinced that the trip would be shorter than if he headed to the southern tip of Africa and then across the Pacific Ocean. Nevertheless, Manuel refused his request. Later on, Magellan applied himself to astronomy ( 天 文 学 ) and navigation for almost two years. In 1517, he took the information gathered from his studies to Charles I of Spain, who agreed to fund his voyage. In 1519, with 5 ships and 241 men under his command, Magellan sailed across the Atlantic to what is now Rio de Janeiro; he then headed south to find the passage to the Pacific. Luck was not with him, however—he was unable to find that passage before the end of summer, and he adjourned in Puerto San Julian, Argentina, a country in southern South America, where one ship was destroyed, and some of his crew rebelled. Determined to continue, Magellan managed to restart his voyage in the spring of 1520, but difficulties once again nearly defeated him. The crew went for 98 days without seeing any land, ran out of food, and used up almost all their water. 19 men died before the ships reached Guam, and conflicts with people there prevented them from getting resupplied fully. When they finally reached the Philippines in 1521, Magellan himself was killed in a battle. Only one ship, with 18 survivors, made it back to Spain in 1522. But the exploration must in one very important respect be considered a success—it paved the way for explorers, merchants, and settlers to sail the Pacific, travelling relatively quickly to new and far-off lands. 36．Magellan believed that the trip would be shorter if he ________. A．cut through the Spice Islands B．went across the Pacific Ocean C．headed directly to the southern tip of Africa D．traveled the waters south of South America 37．The word “adjourned” in the passage most probably means ________. A．was held up B．was cheered up C．gave up D．sped up 38．What troubled the team on their way to the Philippines? A．Not taking along fresh water. B．Not choosing the right time. C．Magellan’s unexpected death. D．Failure to get a full resupply. 39．What is this passage mainly about? A．Magellan’s lasting and fruitful persuasion of the kings. B．Magellan’s tough exploration of sailing round the world. C．Magellan’s significant influences on Earth’s living space. D．Magellan’s contribution to people’s knowledge of sailing. B CLASSIC TOURS—COACH BREAK INFORMATION Luggage We ask you to keep a medium-sized suitcase per person, but a small holdall can also be taken onto the coach. Seats Requests for particular seats can be made on most coach breaks (巴士旅游) when booking, but since seats are booked on a first come, first serve basic, early booking is advisable. When bookings are made with us, you will be offered the best seats that are available on the coach at that time Travel Documents When you have paid your deposit（订金）, we will send you all the necessary documents, so that you can receive them in good time before the coach break leaving date. Certain documents, for example, air or boat tickets, may have to be reserved and your guide will then give them to you during the break. Special Diet If you require a special diet, you must inform us at the time of booking with a copy of the diet. This will be told to the hotels on your coach break. The hotels for certain coach breaks are tourist class and they may not have the equipment to deal with special diets. Any extra costs must be paid to the hotel by yourself before leaving the hotel. Accommodation Many of our coach tours now include, within the price, accommodation with private facilities, and this will be indicated on the coach tour page. Other coach tour have a limited number of rooms with private facilities which, if available, can be reserved and guaranteed at the time of booking-- the supplementary charge shown in the price list will be added to your account. On any coach tour there are only a limited number of single rooms. When a single room available, a supplementary charge may be needed and this will be shown on the brochure page. 40．If you want to sit at the front of the coach,please________ A．ask when you get on the coach B．arrive early on the departure date C．book your seat well in advance D．avoid traveling at peak times 41．If you need a special diet you should________ A．tell the coach company while booking B．pay extra money while booking C．inform the hotel when you arrive D．pay for it at the end of the tour 42．With every booking Classic Tour guarantees that you will be able to________ A．request high quality meals B．take a piece of small luggage on board C．use your own personal bathroom D．see a film if you want to C The teacher starts with the basics: how to thread a needle. Then she shows the students how to mend a torn shirt. The sewing class is part of a free, one-day course at Austin Community College (ACC) called “Adulting 101”. The students range in age from their late teens to mid-40s. Such programmes are designed to help people “navigate adulthood”, even those who, legally and practically, have been navigating it for quite some time. The topics run from basic — how to dress appropriately for a job interview — to advanced, such as how to file income taxes. Raffi Grinberg created “Adulting 101” at Boston College, which was inspired by his first day working at Bain& Company. He and his peers had to decide which health-insurance plan to choose, how much of his salary to devote to saving for retirement, and other financial details. “Every one of us went out and called our parents,” he admits. “We were graduates of elite schools, and we still didn’t know what to do.” The rise in need for adulting classes reflects, in part, the changing nature of childhood and adolescence, which have grown more digital and less physical. American teens spend up to nine hours each day on screens. TikTok and YouTube do offer handy tutorials on all manner of household chores. But most young users of these platforms are more interested in dancing than dishwashers. In Infantilised: How Our Culture Killed Adulthood, Keith Hayward argued that there has been a generational shift and that young people are less mature than their forebears were at the same age. They are shrinking from responsibilities such as marriage, homeowning, and child-rearing because “adulting is hard”. He adds that young people today are also less interested in what their elders have to offer: “Parents and grandparents are seen as idiots who can’t work the Wi-Fi.” If parents are not providing advice on life’s many essential tasks, “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” Such perspectives may ring true. But young people are remaining in education for longer, meaning that financial independence, partners, and children necessarily come later. And adulting is, in fact, hard. The world is more complex than it was. Take financial decisions. People opening their first bank account have to choose between a main-street branch and an array of online banks and bank-like institutions. Many will see adulting classes as proof of youngsters’ delayed maturity. But indulged children do not acknowledge the gaps in their knowledge and try to fill them. Only a grown-up would willingly spend precious free time doing something as dull as learning how to mend a shirt. 43．If you were to design an “Adulting 101” course based on what you’ve learned from this passage, which of the following topics would be most suitable? A．Learning Spanish with ChatGPT B．Modern literature appreciation C．Financial literacy after graduation D．Navigating the mechanism behind Tik Tok 44．What does the author mean by saying “You’re left with these classes picking up the slack.” A．These classes make up for the absence of parental guidance. B．These classes are more feasible than parental suggestions. C．The courses can offer knowledge beyond daily skills. D．The role of parental advice is no longer crucial because of these courses. 45．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．parents nowadays are incapable of offering useful life advice B．young people consider life skills less necessary in the digital age C．a lack of meaning content online is to blame for delayed adulthood D．social changes better explain delayed adulthood than personal failings 46．What is the author’s attitude towards the adulting courses? A．They help adults identify and bridge their knowledge gap. B．They arise and popularize for justifiable reasons. C．They are a worrisome reflection of generational failure. D．They reflect the drawbacks of family and school education. Section C Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need. Chances a low fat-diet will help? Slim and none The largest study ever to ask whether a low-fat diet reduces the risk of getting cancer or heart disease has found that the diet has no effect. 47 In the end, those assigned to a low-fat diet had the same rates of cancer, heart attacks and strokes as those who ate whatever they pleased, researchers reported Wednesday. “These studies are revolutionary,” said Dr. Jules Hirsch, physician at Rockefeller University in New York City, who has spent a lifetime studying the effects of diets on weight and heath.” 48 The results, the study investigators agreed, do not justify recommending low-fat diets to the public to reduce their heart disease and cancer risk. The investigators added that the best dietary advice was eating less saturated fats and trans fats (饱和脂肪和反式脂肪), more grains and more fruits and vegetables. 49 Some, like Dr. Dean Ornish, a promoter of low-fat diets and president of the Preventive Medicine Research Institute in Sausalito, California, said that the women did not reduce their fat to low enough levels or eat enough fruits and vegetables. He also said the study, even at eight years, did not give the diets enough time. Barbara Howard, a principal investigator in the study, said people should realize that diet alone is not enough to stay healthy. “We are not going to reverse any of the diseases in this country by changing the composition of the diet,” Howard said. “People are always thinking it’s what they ate. 50 ” Except for not smoking, the evidence for advice on what makes a healthy lifestyle is largely indirect, Howard said. Most medical re-searchers agree, however, that it also makes sense for people to eat well, control their weight and get regular exercise. A．Not everyone was convinced. B．They should put a stop to this thinking that we have all the information we need to change the whole national diet and make everybody healthy. C．In this case, the diet study addressed a tricky problem. D．Others have said the opposite: that low-fat diets enable people to lose weight naturally. E．The $415 million study involved nearly 49,000 women aged 50 to 79 who were followed for eight years. F．They are not looking at how much they ate or that they smoke or that they are not doing any sports. III. Summary Writing (10分) 51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Crucial Role of Early Childhood Environment The environment we are in affects our moods, ability to form relationships, effectiveness in work or play — even our health. In addition, the early childhood environment has a very crucial role in children’s learning and development for two important reasons. First, young children are in the process of rapid brain development. In the early years, the brain develops more synapses (神经元的突触) or connections than it can possibly use. Those that are used by the child form strong connections, while the synapses that are not used gradually disappear. Children’s experiences help to make this determination. The National Scientific Council of the Developing Child compares the development of the brain to constructing a house, stating, “Just as a lack of the right materials can result in blueprints that change, the lack of appropriate experiences can lead to alterations in genetic plans.” Because children’s experiences are limited by their surroundings, the environment we provide for them has a crucial impact on the way the child’s brain develops. The second reason that the early childhood environment has such a strong role in children’s development is because of the amount of time children spend in these environments. Many children spend a large portion of their wakeful hours in early childhood setting. For example, a baby beginning child care will spend up to 12,000 hours in the program. This is more time than he will spend in both elementary and secondary schools. Children will typically spend another 4,000 hours in kindergarten through third grade classrooms. Anita Rui Olds, a well-known environmental designer, believes that we should design our early childhood environments for miracles, not minimums. She states: “Children are miracles. Believing that every child is a miracle can transform the way we design for children’s care. When we invite a miracle into our lives, we prepare ourselves and the environment around us. We make it our job to create, with great respect and gratitude, a space that is worthy of a miracle! _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ IV. Translation (第1-2句，每句3分；第3句，4分；第4句5分；共15分) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52．我们以能够提供顾客们满意的服务而自豪。(pride) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 53．所有员工都可以申请这个岗位，不限部门。(no matter) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 54．上海车展一直是公众感受全球新品首发的“打卡地”。(launch) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ 55．这个协会将通过科学交流、培训指导、资金支持等形式，持续扶持有志于科学研究的青年才俊。(means) (汉译英) ____________________________________________________________________________________ V.Guided Writing (共25分) 56．Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假设你是明启中学高二学生李明，你校英语报正在举行征文比赛，主题为“The change that I expect AI to bring about”，写一篇文章参赛，内容须包括： (1)你最期待AI会带来的变化； (2)你期待这一变化的理由。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第3页（共8页） 试题 第4页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $