Unit 2 Amazing China Grammar 精讲&同步练习2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

八下Unit 2 Amazing China Grammar 精讲&同步练习 一、现在完成时的构成与基本用法 1. 构成 肯定句：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 否定句：主语 + have / has not + 过去分词 疑问句：Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词？ 2. 两种主要用法 用法 说明 例句 过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 强调结果，常与 already, yet, just, ever, never 等连用 I have already finished my homework.（作业已完成，现在没事了） 过去开始的动作持续到现在 常与 for + 时间段 /since + 时间点 连用 He has lived here since 2010 / for 15 years. 二、already, yet, ever, never 的辨析 词 用法 位置 例句 already “已经”，用于肯定句 have /has 之后，过去分词之前 I have already seen the film. yet “还；已经”，用于否定句和疑问句 句末 Have you finished yet? / I haven’t finished yet. ever “曾经”，用于疑问句或条件句 have /has 之后，过去分词之前 Have you ever been to London? never “从未”，表示否定 have /has 之后，过去分词之前 I have never heard of that. 三、for 与 since 的区别 两者都用于表示持续的时间，回答 How long 的提问。 词 用法 例句 for + 时间段（一段时间） for two days, for five years, for a long time since + 时间点（过去的某个时间点） since 2020, since last week, since I was born 注意：现在完成时中，与 for / since 连用时，动词必须用延续性动词（后文详述）。 四、延续性动词与非延续性动词的转换 在现在完成时中，若与“for + 时间段”或“since + 时间点”连用，非延续性动词（短暂动词）必须转换为延续性动词。 非延续性动词 延续性动词 / 状态表达 例句（同义转换） borrow keep I borrowed the book two days ago. → I have kept the book for two days. buy have / keep She bought the car last month. → She has had the car since last month. begin / start be on The film began 20 minutes ago. → The film has been on for 20 minutes. leave be away (from) He left Beijing last year. → He has been away from Beijing since last year. die be dead His grandpa died ten years ago. → His grandpa has been dead for ten years. join be in / be a member of He joined the club in 2021. → He has been in the club since 2021. fall asleep be asleep The baby fell asleep half an hour ago. → The baby has been asleep for half an hour. 核心原则：非延续性动词不能与“一段时间”连用，必须换成可延续的状态或动词。 五、have been to / have gone to / have been in 的区别 结构 含义 例句 have / has been to “曾经去过某地”（已返回） I have been to Shanghai twice. have / has gone to “去了某地”（未返回，可能在路上或已到达） —Where is Tom? —He has gone to the library. have / has been in “待在某地多久”（常与 for /since 连用，强调持续状态） They have been in Nanjing since 2020. 六、常见易错点提醒 1. 误用非延续性动词与时间段连用 ❌ I have bought this car for three years. ✅ I have had this car for three years. 2. 混淆 have been to 与 have gone to ❌ —Where is your brother? —He has been to the supermarket. ✅ He has gone to the supermarket.（人不在说话地点） 3. yet 在疑问句与否定句中的位置 ❌ Have you finished your homework already?（疑问句通常用 yet） ✅ Have you finished your homework yet? 4. since 后接从句时，从句用一般过去时 He has worked here since he came to the city. （不能说 since he has come） Unit 2 Grammar 同步练习 一、用 already, yet, just, ever, never 填空 1. I have __________ seen this film before. I don’t know the story. (never) 2. —Have you __________ been to the city park? —No, never. (ever) 3. Has your father come back home __________? (yet) 4. My mother has __________ cleaned the room. It is very clean now. (just) 5. They have __________ finished their homework. (already) 二、用 for 或 since 填空 1. He has lived in this town __________ 2010. (since) 2. They have studied English __________ five years. (for) 3. We have been friends __________ we were in primary school. (since) 4. She has kept the toy __________ two hours. (for) 5. My grandparents have been here __________ last month. (since) 三、同义句转换（延续性动词与非延续性动词） 1. The class began ten minutes ago. → The class __________ __________ __________ for ten minutes. (has been on) 2. I bought this bag last month. → I __________ __________ this bag since last month. (have kept) 3. He borrowed the book two weeks ago. → He __________ __________ the book for two weeks. (has kept) 4. The film started half an hour ago. → The film __________ __________ __________ for half an hour. (has been on) 5. The baby fell asleep ten minutes ago. → The baby __________ __________ __________ for ten minutes. (has been asleep) 四、单项选择 1. My father __________ in this factory for over twenty years. A. works B. worked C. has worked 2. —How long have you __________ this book? —For two weeks. A. borrowed B. kept C. bought 3. They __________ here since they came to the city. A. live B. lived C. have lived 4. We __________ friends since we were in Grade Seven. A. are B. were C. have been 5. —__________ you ever __________ to the Summer Palace? —No, never. A. Did; go B. Have; been C. Are; going 五、语法填空（用 have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in 填空） 1. —Where is Tom? I can’t find him. —He __________ Shanghai on business. 2. My parents __________ Beijing twice. 3. They __________ the small town for about three years. 4. —__________ you ever __________ the Great Wall? —Yes, I have. (Have; been to) 答案&解析 一、用 already, yet, just, ever, never 填空 1. never 解析：后句“我不知道这个故事”说明从未看过，用 never。 2. ever 解析：疑问句询问“曾经”，用 ever；答句 never 呼应。 3. yet 解析：yet 用于疑问句，询问是否“已经”回家。 4. just 解析：just 表示“刚刚”，强调动作刚完成，房间现在很干净。 5. already 解析：already 用于肯定句，表示“已经”，放在 have 之后。 二、用 for 或 since 填空 1. since 解析：2010 是时间点，用 since。 2. for 解析：five years 是一段时间，用 for。 3. since 解析：we were in primary school 是从句表示起点，用 since。 4. for 解析：two hours 是一段时间，用 for。 5. since 解析：last month 是时间点，用 since。 三、同义句转换 1. has been on 解析：begin 是非延续动词，改为 be on；主语 class 单数，用 has been on。 2. have kept 解析：buy 改为延续性 keep；主语 I，用 have kept。 3. has kept 解析：borrow 改为 keep；主语 He，用 has kept。 4. has been on 解析：start 改为 be on；主语 film 单数，用 has been on。 5. has been asleep 解析：fall asleep 改为 be asleep；主语 baby 单数，用 has been asleep。 四、单项选择 1. C. has worked 解析：for over twenty years 与现在完成时连用，表示持续至今。 2. B. kept 解析：how long 提问时间段，动词须为延续性，borrow / buy 为非延续，keep 延续。 3. C. have lived 解析：since 从句主句用现在完成时，表示从过去持续至今。 4. C. have been 解析：since 从句，主句用现在完成时，be friends 为延续状态。 5. B. Have; been 解析：ever 与现在完成时搭配，“去过某地”用 have been to。 五、语法填空（have/has been to, have/has gone to, have/has been in） 1. has gone to 解析：Tom 不在现场，去了上海（未返回），用 has gone to。 2. have been to 解析：去过北京两次（已返回），用 have been to。 3. have been in 解析：for about three years 与地点连用，表示“待在某地多久”，用 have been in。 4. Have; been to 解析：ever 疑问句，询问“曾经去过”，用 have been to。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $