Unit 7 be a better learnner 第3课时 2025-2026学年仁爱科普版七年级英语下册

Unit 7 Be a better Learner! Theme reading Confucius 【重点短语】 get down to studying 开始认真学习 work on music 钻研音乐 be lost in the music 沉浸在音乐中 hardly notice the taste of meat 几乎没注意到肉的味道 set up a private school 开办一所私立学校 start teaching 开始教学 be confident about oneself 对自己有信心 stop learning from others 停止向他人学习 walk along with 和…… 一起走 serve as 充当；作为 review the old knowledge 复习旧知识 match...with... 把…… 和…… 匹配 read the text again 再读一遍课文 complete the chart 完成表格 talk about 谈论 share one's understanding of 分享对…… 的理解 gain valuable experience 获得宝贵经验 increase your knowledge 增长你的知识 help you learn 帮你学习 介词 / 名词短语 in the State of Qi 在齐国 in an honest way 以诚实的方式 in one's late years 在某人的晚年 learning spirit 学习精神 from time to time 不时；偶尔 according to the text 根据课文 in order 按顺序 【课文精讲】 1.Confucius (551 BCE–479 BCE) was one of the greatest thinkers and educators during the Spring and Autumn Period. 孔子（公元前 551 年 公元前 479 年）是春秋时期最伟大的思想家和教育家之一。 Thinker n.思想家 Educator 教育家 Educate v.教育 Education n.教育 Period n.时期，一段时间 小练习： ①.Tom is one of the ______ (tall) boys in his class. ②.She is one of the ______ (good) students in our school. 2.Like many other masters, Confucius started as a hard-working student. 和许多其他大师一样，孔子最初是一位勤奋的学生。 Master n.大师 Hard-working adj.勤奋刻苦的 Start as 开始作为 同类词汇： well-known 著名的 kind-hearted 热心的 good-looking 好看的 easy-going随和的 fast-moving快速移动的 3.At 15, Confucius got down to studying. He studied music, math, literature and other subjects. 15 岁时，他开始认真治学。他学习音乐、数学、文学等诸多学科。 Get down to doing 开始认真做什么 Literature n.文学 同义：Start doing sth，begin doing sth。开始做什么 小练习： ①.After the meeting, they immediately got down to ______（make) the plan. 4. When he was learning Shao music in the State of Qi, he was lost in the music and hardly noticed the taste of meat for a few months. 他在齐国学习《韶》乐时，完全沉浸在音乐中，以至于连续数月都尝不出肉的味道. State of Qi 齐国 Shao music 《韶》乐 Be lost in 沉浸于 同义：be immersed in 沉浸于；be absorbed in 全身心投入 Notice v.注意到 Taste v.品尝 n.味道 Tasty adj.美味的 小练习： ①.He was ______ (immerse) in his work and didn't hear his mother calling. ②.She was ______ (absorb) in reading a book about history. ③.The cook is good at making food with different ______ (taste). ④.When I passed by the kitchen, I ______ (notice) my father was cooking 5. Later, Confucius opened a private school and started teaching there. People came to study at his school. 后来，孔子创办了私学，开始在那里讲学。人们纷纷来到他的学堂求学。 Open v.建立，开设 Private adj. 私立的；personal 个人的 Start doing 开始做什么 小练习： ①.He ______ (open) the window and let the fresh air in just now. 6.Zilu was too confident about himself. 子路过于自负 Confident adj.自信的 Confidence n.自信心 Be confident about 对什么感到自信 小练习： ①.I ______ (感到自信) my ability to finish the work on time. 7. “To know what you know and what you do not know, that is wisdom.” It tells us we should learn knowledge in an honest way. “知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” 这句话告诫我们，求学应当秉持诚实的态度。 Wisdom n.智慧 Wise adj.明智的 Wisely adv.明智地 Honest adj.诚实的 An honest boy 一个诚实的男孩。 小练习： ①.We should use our time ______ (wise) to improve ourselves. ②.The story tells us a lot of ______ (wise). 8.In his late years, even when Confucius became a master, he never stopped learning from others. 在他晚年时，即便孔子已成为一代宗师，他也从未停止向他人学习。 In on’s late years 在谁晚年时 Stop doing 停止做什么 Stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事情 Learn from 从...学习 小练习： ①. My grandfather often tells us stories in_____ (he) late years. ②.She was so tired that she stopped ______ (have) a rest. ③.Stop ______ (argue)! We need to find a solution. 9.“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.” This famous saying shows the learning spirit of Confucius. “三人行，必有我师焉。” 这句名言体现了孔子谦逊好学的精神。 Walk along with 与....同行 Serve as 充当 Serve v.服务 Service n. 服务 Servant n.佣人 Server n.服务器 Saying n.俗语,谚语 Spirit n.精神，鬼魂 小练习： ①. I like to ______ the park ______ my friends on weekends (与..同行） ②.The hotel staff ______ (serve) the guests very well last night. ③.In the past, many rich families had ______ (servant). ④.“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” is a very famous ______.(say) 10. It is not easy to understand all the thoughts of Confucius. You may need to draw on his wisdom from time to time. 要完全理解孔子的所有思想并非易事，你可能需要时常汲取他的智慧。 Thought n.想法，点子 Draw on 汲取 From time to time 时常，不时 小练习： ①.The ______ (think) behind this plan is quite complex(复杂的） ②.We should learn to ______ ______ (汲取）the wisdom of great thinkers from history. ③. ______ ______ ______(时常）, I like to visit art galleries to appreciate different artworks 11. Just like the master said, “Review the old knowledge and you will have new ideas.” 正如这位大师所言：“温故而知新。” Review v.复习 Knowledge n.知识（不可数） Idea n.想法；主意；概念 例如：That's a good idea.（那是个好主意。）为可数名词，复数形式为 ideas 。 小练习： ①.She often ______ (review) what she has learned before going to bed. ②. His ______ (know) of history is very rich. ③.Before the exam, we should r______ our lessons carefully. 12.literature-----written works, such as novels, poems, etc. 书面作品，如小说、诗歌等 Literature n.文学(不可数）,文学作品 classical literature（古典文学）, modern literature（现代文学) written works 名词短语，“书面作品”，指以文字形式创作的各类作品。 Written adj.书面的 Novel n.小说（长篇） Story n.短篇故事 Fiction n.虚构作品(不可数) 小练习： ①.What kind of book do you like? —I like n_____, because they have long and interesting plots. ②.Journey to the West is a famous Chinese novel. It tells the story of Tang Monk and his three disciples. What type of written work is Journey to the West? A. A poem B. A novel C. A play 13.wisdom-----the quality or state of being wise. 明智的品质或状态 Wisdom n.智慧 Wise adj.明智的；聪明的 Wisely adv.明智地 Quality n.品质，质量 state n.状态 v.陈述 statement n. 陈述 小练习： ①.When he heard the bad news, he was in a s______(状态）of shock. ②.It's ______ of you to choose such a good book to read. A. kind B. wise C. lucky D. careful ③.We should use our pocket money ______ (wise) to buy useful things. 14.honest-----always telling the truth. 总是说真话 honest adj.诚实的 be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 to be honest 说实话，常用作插入语 truth n.真相 true adj.真实的 truly 真正地 come true 实现 小练习： 1. You should be with your parents.（你应该对父母坦诚。） 2. We all believe in the ______ (true) of his words. 3. She is a ______ (true) kind - hearted girl. 4. The story he told us is not ______ (true). It's just a made - up one. 5. His wish to travel around the world finally ______ (come true) last year. 15. notice----to pay attention to 留意；关注 notice v.注意 n.通知 There is a notice on the wall.（墙上有一则通知。） note n.笔记 notice sb. do sth.：表示注意到某人做了某事，强调动作的全过程。 例如：I noticed her leave the house early in the morning.（我注意到她一大早就离开了家。） notice sb. doing sth.：表示注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。 例如：She noticed a boy crying in the corner.（她注意到一个男孩正在角落里哭泣。） 1. I noticed him ______ the room quietly without saying a word. A. enter B. enters C. entered D. entering 2. When I passed by the park, I noticed some children ______ (fly) kites. 3. 我注意到他今天早上看起来很疲惫。 I ______ ______ ______ very tired this morning. 4. When she entered the classroom, she ______(notice) her classmates ______(discuss) an interesting topic. 16.private----only for one person or group. 仅针对一个人或一个群体 private adj.私人的 反义词 public 公共的，公开的 privacy n.隐私 personal adj.私人的， in personal ,in private 私人地。 小练习： 1. Sandy, can I look at your notebook It looks special. — Sorry. I have written down something _________ in it. 2. A. perfect B. practical C. private D. pleasant We should respect everyone's ______ space. Don't ask too many personal questions. A. public B. private C. open D. empty 3. he family held a party ______ (private) to celebrate their daughter's birthday. 他总是在私人时间处理个人事务。 4. He always deals with personal affairs ______ ______ ______. 17.Worked on music, literature and other subjects. 钻研音乐、文学及其他科目 work on 致力于 同义：devote oneself to sth强调全身心投入到某事中，有奉献的意味 have an effect on 表明对某人或某物产生影响。 18.Set up a private school and taught students there. 开办了一所私立学校并在那里教学。 set up 搭建，建立 同义：start ，open，establish，found， teach-taught-taught 1. A new school (set up) in our town next year. 去年他们建立了一个帮助留守儿童的组织。 2. They ______ ______ an organization to help left - behind children last year. 19.Became a master, but never stopped learning and his sayings showed the learning spirit of Confucius 成为了一位大师，但从未停止学习，他的言论体现了孔子的学习精神. become-became-become 成为 master 大师 saying，俗语，谚语，sayings（复数） spirit n.精神，情绪 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情 teacher came in, the students stopped talking. 老师进来时，学生们停止了讲话 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 例如：When He was tired, so he stopped to have a rest. 他累了，所以停下来去休息。 stop from doing sth 阻止某人做什么 1. you should stop ______ (play) computer games. It's bad for your eyes. 2. The heavy rain stopped them from ______ (go) out. 3. We stopped ______ (take) some pictures on our way to the mountain. 20.You cannot open a book without learning something. 开卷有益。 without prep.没有 without doing sth 没有做什么。 cannot... without...” 构成双重否定结构 He left the house without locking the door. 他没锁门就离开了家。 1. You can't improve your spoken English ______ practicing speaking more. A. without B. with C. by 2. 他什么都没说就离开了房间。 He left the room ______ ______ anything. 21.gain valuable experience 获得宝贵的经验 gain v.获取 valuable adj.珍贵的 value v.珍惜，n.价值 invaluable adj.及其宝贵的 valueless adj.没有价值的；不值钱的 1. This old stamp is very ______. It is worth a lot of money. A. valuable B. useful C. helpful 2. The museum has a large collection of ______ (value) artworks. 3. 时间是宝贵的，我们应该充分利用它。 Time is ______, and we should make full use of it. 22.increase your knowledge 增长你的知识 increase v.增加 n.增长 做及物动词The company plans to increase production this year.（公司计划今年增加产量。） 做不及物动词 The population in this city is increasing rapidly.（这个城市的人口正在迅速增长。） decrease v.减少 increase by：表示 “增长了……” increase to：意为 “增长到……” 1. The workers' salary has been ______. A. increased B. decreased C. risen D. raised， 2. The price of vegetables ______ by 10% in the past few weeks. A. has increased B. increased C. will increase D. increases 3. The company is trying to ______ its market share（份额）. A. increase B. reduce C. hold D. lose ④.经过扩建，这家医院的病床数量增加到了 800 张。 ⑤.After the expansion, the number of hospital beds in this hospital ______ 800. ⑥.近三个月，这款 APP 的下载量增长了 120%。 In the past three months, the download volume of this APP ______ 120%. 第 1 页 共 9 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 7 Be a better Learner! Theme reading Confucius 【重点短语】 get down to studying 开始认真学习 work on music 钻研音乐 be lost in the music 沉浸在音乐中 hardly notice the taste of meat 几乎没注意到肉的味道 set up a private school 开办一所私立学校 start teaching 开始教学 be confident about oneself 对自己有信心 stop learning from others 停止向他人学习 walk along with 和…… 一起走 serve as 充当；作为 review the old knowledge 复习旧知识 match...with... 把…… 和…… 匹配 read the text again 再读一遍课文 complete the chart 完成表格 talk about 谈论 share one's understanding of 分享对…… 的理解 gain valuable experience 获得宝贵经验 increase your knowledge 增长你的知识 help you learn 帮你学习 介词 / 名词短语 in the State of Qi 在齐国 in an honest way 以诚实的方式 in one's late years 在某人的晚年 learning spirit 学习精神 from time to time 不时；偶尔 according to the text 根据课文 in order 按顺序 【课文精讲】 1.Confucius (551 BCE–479 BCE) was one of the greatest thinkers and educators during the Spring and Autumn Period. 孔子（公元前 551 年 公元前 479 年）是春秋时期最伟大的思想家和教育家之一。 Thinker n.思想家 Educator 教育家 Educate v.教育 Education n.教育 Period n.时期，一段时间 小练习： ①.Tom is one of the tallest (tall) boys in his class. 解析：“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”为固定结构，意为“……中最……之一”，tall的最高级为tallest。 ②.She is one of the best (good) students in our school. 解析：遵循“one of + the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数”结构，good的最高级为不规则变化best。 2.Like many other masters, Confucius started as a hard-working student. 和许多其他大师一样，孔子最初是一位勤奋的学生。 Master n.大师 Hard-working adj.勤奋刻苦的 Start as 开始作为 同类词汇： well-known 著名的 kind-hearted 热心的 good-looking 好看的 easy-going随和的 fast-moving快速移动的 3.At15, Confucius got down to studying. He studied music, math, literature and other subjects. 15 岁时，他开始认真治学。他学习音乐、数学、文学等诸多学科。 Get down to doing 开始认真做什么 Literature n.文学 同义：Start doing sth，begin doing sth。开始做什么 小练习： ①.After the meeting, they immediately got down to making（make) the plan. 解析：固定搭配get down to doing sth中，to为介词，后接动名词形式，make的动名词是making。 4.When he was learning Shao music in the State of Qi, he was lost in the music and hardly noticed the taste of meat for a few months. 他在齐国学习《韶》乐时，完全沉浸在音乐中，以至于连续数月都尝不出肉的味道. State of Qi 齐国 Shao music 《韶》乐 Be lost in 沉浸于 同义：be immersed in 沉浸于；be absorbed in 全身心投入 Notice v.注意到 Taste v.品尝 n.味道 Tasty adj.美味的 小练习： ①.He was immersed (immerse) in his work and didn't hear his mother calling. 解析：固定搭配be immersed in表示“沉浸于”，此处用immerse的过去分词形式构成被动式的固定搭配。 ②.She was absorbed (absorb) in reading a book about history. 解析：固定搭配be absorbed in表示“全身心投入于”，用absorb的过去分词形式构成固定搭配。 ③.The cook is good at making food with different tastes (taste). 解析：different后接可数名词复数，taste作“味道”讲时为可数名词，复数形式是tastes。 ④.When I passed by the kitchen, I noticed (notice) my father was cooking. 解析：由passed by可知句子为一般过去时，notice的过去式为noticed。 5.Later, Confucius opened a private school and started teaching there. People came to study at his school. 后来，孔子创办了私学，开始在那里讲学。人们纷纷来到他的学堂求学。 Open v.建立，开设 Private adj. 私立的；personal 个人的 Start doing 开始做什么 小练习： ①.He opened (open) the window and let the fresh air in just now. 解析：just now是一般过去时的标志词，open的过去式为opened。 6.Zilu was too confident about himself. 子路过于自负 Confident adj.自信的 Confidence n.自信心 Be confident about 对什么感到自信 小练习： ①.I am confident about (感到自信) my ability to finish the work on time. 解析：表示“对……感到自信”用固定搭配be confident about，主语为I，be动词用am。 7. “To know what you know and what you do not know, that is wisdom.” It tells us we should learn knowledge in an honest way. “知之为知之，不知为不知，是知也。” 这句话告诫我们，求学应当秉持诚实的态度。 Wisdom n.智慧 Wise adj.明智的 Wisely adv.明智地 Honest adj.诚实的 An honest boy 一个诚实的男孩。 小练习： ①.We should use our time wisely (wise) to improve ourselves. 解析：此处修饰动词use，需用副词形式，wise的副词是wisely。 ②.The story tells us a lot of wisdom (wise). 解析：a lot of后接名词，wise的名词形式是wisdom，为不可数名词，直接用原形。 8.In his late years, even when Confucius became a master, he never stopped learning from others. 在他晚年时，即便孔子已成为一代宗师，他也从未停止向他人学习。 In on’s late years 在谁晚年时 Stop doing 停止做什么 Stop to do sth 停下来去做别的事情 Learn from 从...学习 小练习： ①. My grandfather often tells us stories inhis (he) late years. 解析：修饰名词短语late years，需用形容词性物主代词，he的形容词性物主代词是his。 ②.She was so tired that she stopped to have (have) a rest. 解析：根据“太累了所以停下来去休息”，可知用stop to do sth（停下来去做另一件事），后接动词不定式。 ③.Stop arguing (argue)! We need to find a solution. 解析：表示“停止正在做的事”用stop doing sth，argue的动名词是arguing。 9.“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers.” This famous saying shows the learning spirit of Confucius. “三人行，必有我师焉。” 这句名言体现了孔子谦逊好学的精神。 Walk along with 与....同行 Serve as 充当 Serve v.服务 Service n. 服务 Servant n.佣人 Server n.服务器 Saying n.俗语,谚语 Spirit n.精神，鬼魂 小练习： ①. I like to walk along the park with my friends on weekends (与..同行） 解析：“与……同行”的固定搭配是walk along with，to后接动词原形，故填walk along和with。 ②.The hotel staff served (serve) the guests very well last night. 解析：last night是一般过去时的标志，serve的过去式为served。 ③.In the past, many rich families had servants (servant). 解析：many后接可数名词复数，servant的复数形式是servants。 ④.“A friend in need is a friend indeed.” is a very famous saying.(say) 解析：形容词famous修饰名词，say的名词形式是saying（谚语），由a可知用单数。 10. It is not easy to understand all the thoughts of Confucius. You may need to draw on his wisdom from time to time. 要完全理解孔子的所有思想并非易事，你可能需要时常汲取他的智慧。 Thought n.想法，点子 Draw on 汲取 From time to time 时常，不时 小练习： ①.The thought (think) behind this plan is quite complex(复杂的） 解析：定冠词The后接名词，think的名词形式是thought（想法），由is可知用单数。 ②.We should learn to draw on (汲取）the wisdom of great thinkers from history. 解析：“汲取”的固定短语是draw on，learn to后接动词原形，直接填原形即可。 ③. From time to time(时常）, I like to visit art galleries to appreciate different artworks. 解析：“时常”的固定短语是from time to time，句首首字母大写。 11. Just like the master said, “Review the old knowledge and you will have new ideas.” 正如这位大师所言：“温故而知新。” Review v.复习 Knowledge n.知识（不可数） Idea n.想法；主意；概念 例如：That's a good idea.（那是个好主意。）为可数名词，复数形式为 ideas 。 小练习： ①.She often reviews (review) what she has learned before going to bed. 解析：由often可知句子为一般现在时，主语she是第三人称单数，谓语动词用reviews。 ②. His knowledge (know) of history is very rich. 解析：形容词性物主代词His后接名词，know的名词形式是knowledge，为不可数名词。 ③.Before the exam, we should review our lessons carefully. 解析：should是情态动词，后接动词原形，结合首字母r和词义“复习”，填review。 12.literature-----written works, such as novels, poems, etc. 书面作品，如小说、诗歌等 Literature n.文学(不可数）,文学作品 classical literature（古典文学）, modern literature（现代文学) written works 名词短语，“书面作品”，指以文字形式创作的各类作品。 Written adj.书面的 Novel n.小说（长篇） Story n.短篇故事 Fiction n.虚构作品(不可数) 小练习： ①.What kind of book do you like? —I like novels, because they have long and interesting plots. 解析：由they可知空处为可数名词复数，结合首字母n和词义“小说”，填novels。 ②.Journey to the West is a famous Chinese novel. It tells the story of Tang Monk and his three disciples. What type of written work is Journey to the West? A. A poem B. A novel C. A play 答案：B 解析：根据题干中“Journey to the West is a famous Chinese novel”可知《西游记》是一部小说，故选B。 13.wisdom-----the quality or state of being wise. 明智的品质或状态 Wisdom n.智慧 Wise adj.明智的；聪明的 Wisely adv.明智地 Quality n.品质，质量 state n.状态 v.陈述 statement n. 陈述 小练习： ①.When he heard the bad news, he was in a state(状态）of shock. 解析：“in a state of...”为固定搭配，意为“处于……的状态”，结合首字母s，填state。 ②.It's ______ of you to choose such a good book to read. A. kind B. wise C. lucky D. careful 答案：B 解析：句意“你选这么好的一本书来读，真是太明智了”，kind善良的；wise明智的；lucky幸运的；careful仔细的，故选B。 ③.We should use our pocket money wisely (wise) to buy useful things. 解析：修饰动词use需用副词，wise的副词形式是wisely。 14.honest-----always telling the truth. 总是说真话 honest adj.诚实的 be honest with sb. 对某人坦诚 an honest boy 一个诚实的男孩 to be honest 说实话，常用作插入语 truth n.真相 true adj.真实的 truly 真正地 come true 实现 小练习： ①.You should be honest with your parents.（你应该对父母坦诚。） 解析：固定搭配be honest with sb.表示“对某人坦诚”，填形容词honest。 ②.We all believe in the truth (true) of his words. 解析：定冠词the后接名词，true的名词形式是truth（真相），为不可数名词。 ③. She is a truly (true) kind - hearted girl. 解析：修饰形容词kind-hearted需用副词，true的副词形式是truly。 ④. The story he told us is not true (true). It's just a made - up one. 解析：系动词is后接形容词作表语，直接用true（真实的）。 ⑤. His wish to travel around the world finally came true (come true) last year. 解析：last year是一般过去时的标志，come true的过去式为came true。 15. notice----to pay attention to 留意；关注 notice v.注意 n.通知 There is a notice on the wall.（墙上有一则通知。） note n.笔记 notice sb. do sth.：表示注意到某人做了某事，强调动作的全过程。 例如：I noticed her leave the house early in the morning.（我注意到她一大早就离开了家。） notice sb. doing sth.：表示注意到某人正在做某事，强调动作正在进行。 例如：She noticed a boy crying in the corner.（她注意到一个男孩正在角落里哭泣。） 小练习： ①. I noticed him enter the room quietly without saying a word. A. enter B. enters C. entered D. entering 答案：A 解析：句意“我注意到他一言不发地悄悄走进了房间”，强调动作的全过程，用notice sb. do sth.，后接动词原形，故选A。 ②. When I passed by the park, I noticed some children flying (fly) kites. 解析：句意“我路过公园时，注意到一些孩子正在放风筝”，强调动作正在进行，用notice sb. doing sth.，fly的现在分词是flying。 ③.我注意到他今天早上看起来很疲惫。 I noticed him looking very tired this morning. 解析：“注意到某人看起来……”强调当时的状态，用notice sb. doing sth.，“看起来”是look，此处用looking，句子为一般过去时，notice用过去式noticed。 ④.When she entered the classroom, she noticed(notice) her classmates discussing(discuss) an interesting topic. 解析：前半句entered为一般过去时，故notice用过去式noticed；“进入教室时注意到同学们正在讨论”，强调动作正在进行，用notice sb. doing sth.，discuss的现在分词是discussing。 16.private----only for one person or group. 仅针对一个人或一个群体 private adj.私人的 反义词 public 公共的，公开的 privacy n.隐私 personal adj.私人的， in personal ,in private 私人地。 小练习： ①.Sandy, can I look at your notebook It looks special. — Sorry. I have written down something private in it. A. perfect B. practical C. private D. pleasant 答案：C 解析：句意“抱歉，我在里面写了一些私人的东西”，perfect完美的；practical实用的；private私人的；pleasant令人愉快的，故选C。 ②. We should respect everyone's private space. Don't ask too many personal questions. A. public B. private C. open D. empty 答案：B 解析：句意“我们应该尊重每个人的私人空间”，public公共的；private私人的；open开放的；empty空的，故选B。 ③.The family held a party privately (private) to celebrate their daughter's birthday. 解析：修饰动词held需用副词，private的副词形式是privately。 ④. He always deals with personal affairs in his private time. 解析：“在私人时间”的表达是in one's private time，主语为He，故填in his private time。 17.Worked on music, literature and other subjects. 钻研音乐、文学及其他科目 work on 致力于 同义：devote oneself to sth强调全身心投入到某事中，有奉献的意味 have an effect on 表明对某人或某物产生影响。 18.Set up a private school and taught students there. 开办了一所私立学校并在那里教学。 set up 搭建，建立 同义：start ，open，establish，found， teach-taught-taught 小练习： ①. A new school will be set up (set up) in our town next year. 解析：next year是一般将来时的标志，school和set up之间是被动关系，故用一般将来时的被动语态will be + 过去分词，set的过去分词为set。 ②. They set up an organization to help left - behind children last year. 解析：last year是一般过去时的标志，set up的过去式为set up（set的过去式为原形）。 19.Became a master, but never stopped learning and his sayings showed the learning spirit of Confucius 成为了一位大师，但从未停止学习，他的言论体现了孔子的学习精神. become-became-become 成为 master 大师 saying，俗语，谚语，sayings（复数） spirit n.精神，情绪 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情 teacher came in, the students stopped talking. 老师进来时，学生们停止了讲话 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事 例如：When He was tired, so he stopped to have a rest. 他累了，所以停下来去休息。 stop from doing sth 阻止某人做什么 小练习： ①. You should stop playing (play) computer games. It's bad for your eyes. 解析：表示“停止正在做的事”用stop doing sth.，play的动名词是playing。 ②. The heavy rain stopped them from going (go) out. 解析：固定搭配stop sb. from doing sth.中，from为介词，后接动名词，go的动名词是going。 ③.We stopped to take (take) some pictures on our way to the mountain. 解析：句意“我们在去山上的路上停下来拍了一些照片”，表示“停下来去做另一件事”用stop to do sth.，后接动词不定式。 20.You cannot open a book without learning something. 开卷有益。 without prep.没有 without doing sth 没有做什么。 cannot... without...” 构成双重否定结构 He left the house without locking the door. 他没锁门就离开了家。 小练习： ①.You can't improve your spoken English without practicing speaking more. A. without B. with C. by 答案：A 解析：句意“不多练习说，你就无法提高你的英语口语”，without没有；with和；by通过，故选A。 ②.他什么都没说就离开了房间。 He left the room without saying anything. 解析：“没有做某事”用without doing sth.，“说”是say，动名词形式是saying。 21.gain valuable experience 获得宝贵的经验 gain v.获取 valuable adj.珍贵的 value v.珍惜，n.价值 invaluable adj.及其宝贵的 valueless adj.没有价值的；不值钱的 小练习： ①.This old stamp is very valuable. It is worth a lot of money. A. valuable B. useful C. helpful 答案：A 解析：句意“这张旧邮票非常珍贵，它值很多钱”，valuable珍贵的；useful有用的；helpful有帮助的，故选A。 ②. The museum has a large collection of valuable (value) artworks. 解析：修饰名词artworks需用形容词，value的形容词形式是valuable（珍贵的）。 ③. 时间是宝贵的，我们应该充分利用它。 Time is valuable, and we should make full use of it. 解析：系动词is后接形容词作表语，“宝贵的”用valuable。 22.increase your knowledge 增长你的知识 increase v.增加 n.增长 做及物动词The company plans to increase production this year.（公司计划今年增加产量。） 做不及物动词 The population in this city is increasing rapidly.（这个城市的人口正在迅速增长。） decrease v.减少 increase by：表示 “增长了……” increase to：意为 “增长到……” 小练习： ①. The workers' salary has been increased. A. increased B. decreased C. risen D. raised 答案：A 解析：句意“工人们的工资已经涨了”，increase强调数量上的增加；decrease减少；rise为不及物动词，不能用于被动语态；raise强调“抬高、举起”，此处指工资数量增加且为被动语态，故选A。 ②. The price of vegetables has increased by 10% in the past few weeks. A. has increased B. increased C. will increase D. increases 答案：A 解析：in the past few weeks是现在完成时的标志，主语the price是第三人称单数，故选A。 ③. The company is trying to increase its market share（份额）. A. increase B. reduce C. hold D. lose 答案：A 解析：句意“这家公司正试图增加它的市场份额”，increase增加；reduce减少；hold持有；lose失去，故选A。 ④.经过扩建，这家医院的病床数量增加到了 800 张。 After the expansion, the number of hospital beds in this hospital increased to 800. 解析：“增长到……”用固定搭配increase to，句子描述过去的变化，用一般过去时，故填increased to。 ⑥.近三个月，这款 APP 的下载量增长了 120%。 In the past three months, the download volume of this APP has increased by 120%. 解析：in the past three months是现在完成时的标志，“增长了……”用increase by，主语为单数，故填has increased by。 第 1 页 共 14 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $