Unit4 Period1 ReadingA and Grammar(分层作业)英语沪外版必修第三册

Unit 4 Life and Technology Period1 Reading A and Grammar分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1、 单词拼写 1. She has a black sports car. 2. His speech was very and won warm applause. 3. The material cane easily when pulled. 4. We need to be more in dealing with unexpected problems. 5. He great talent for music since he was a child. 6. Teaching young children can be very demanding work. 7. She is always about the weather. 8. The students are about the coming sports meeting. 9. He felt when he failed the exam again. 10. understanding is important in a friendship. 11. Self helps people achieve their goals. 12. The little boy asks his mother questions. 13. My neighbor has a cute . 14. The old photo happy memories of my childhood. 15. The wooden floor is well and looks shiny. 2、 用短语的正确形式填空 shower with to start with die down refer to delight in 1.___________, we should make a detailed plan before taking action. 2.The sound of the fireworks slowly ____________ as the night grew quiet. 3.She ____________ making others happy and always helps those in need. 4.You can ____________ your notes if you forget the details during the speech. 5.The kind couple ____________ the homeless children ____________ love and care. 3． 单元语法练习 1. You ____________ (not, come) so early; the meeting won’t start until 9:00. 2. She looks upset. She ____________ (hear) some bad news. 3. He ____________ (finish) his homework last night, but he was too tired. 4. Why didn’t you tell me? You ____________ (call) me earlier. 5. The road is wet. It ____________ (rain) last night. 6. You ____________ (be) more careful when crossing the street. You almost got hit. 7. He ____________ (not, steal) the money; he was with me the whole time. 8. They ____________ (arrive) by now, but there’s still no sign of them. 9. I ____________ (buy) more bread, but I didn’t know we had so many guests. 10. She ____________ (not, miss) the flight; she left home three hours in advance. 四．阅读理解 (2024.上海实验中学模考 ) China, with her ambitious space program, is now on the point of turning her widest dream into reality. Recent breakthroughs in lunar soil research 1 (pave) the way for potential lunar base construction, a feat that could revolutionize our understanding of space and its potential for human settlement. The Chinese lunar exploration program has been strategic, with each mission2 (build) up on the last to deepen our knowledge of Earth's nearest neighbor. However, it is the latest research on the lunar soil 3 has truly opened doors to the future. Chinese researchers have discovered a method to extract water from lunar soil through a high-temperature reaction. This process involves heating the soil to temperatures above 1000°C, causing the hydrogen stored in the soil due to solar wind irradiation over millions of years 4 (react) with iron oxides, producing elemental iron and a significant amount of water. This discovery is crucial 5 it suggests that 1 ton of lunar soil could yield approximately 50 kilograms of water, enough to sustain the daily water needs of 50 people. The implications of this research are profound. Water is not only vital for human survival but is also a key component for producing oxygen and rocket fuel. With this method, a sustainable supply of water could be harnessed on the moon, greatly facilitating the establishment of a lunar research station and potentially a 6 (permanent) base. The strategy proposed by the research team involves melting the lunar soil to produce water vapor. The leftover iron could be used for7 (manufacture) magnetic materials, and the soil 8 (melt)could serve as a building material for infrastructure. This method is a game-changer, reducing the need to transport materials from Earth and making lunar construction more feasible. China's vision for a lunar base extends9 scientific research. It is about establishing a foothold for humanity in the cosmos, a stepping stone for deeper space exploration. The Chinese space agency has already outlined plans for an international lunar research station by 2030,10 will involve the construction of facilities for multidisciplinary research and technological verification. The journey from research to base construction is undoubtedly full of challenges, but the prospect of China's lunar base is promising. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Life and Technology Period1 Reading A and Grammar分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 1、 单词拼写 1. She has a black sports car. 答案：sleek解析：考查形容词作定语，sleek 意为 “光滑的，造型优美的”。 翻译：她有一辆造型优美的黑色跑车。 2. His speech was very and won warm applause. 答案：impressive解析：考查形容词作表语，impressive 意为 “令人印象深刻的”。 翻译：他的演讲非常令人印象深刻，赢得了热烈的掌声。 3. The material cane easily when pulled. 答案：stretch解析：考查情态动词后接动词原形，stretch 意为 “伸展，延伸”。 翻译：这种材料被拉时很容易伸展。 4. We need to be more in dealing with unexpected problems. 答案：flexible解析：考查形容词作表语，flexible 意为 “灵活的”。 翻译：我们在处理突发问题时需要更灵活。 5. He great talent for music since he was a child. 答案：has possessed解析：考查现在完成时，since 引导时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时。 翻译：他从小就拥有出色的音乐天赋。 6. Teaching young children can be very demanding work. 答案：demanding解析：考查形容词作定语，demanding 意为 “要求高的，费力的”。 翻译：教小孩子是一项要求很高的工作。 7. She is always about the weather. 答案：complaining解析：考查现在进行时表反复习惯，always 与进行时连用表情绪。 翻译：她总是抱怨天气。 8. The students are about the coming sports meeting. 答案：enthusiastic解析：考查形容词作表语，enthusiastic 意为 “热情的”。 翻译：学生们对即将到来的运动会充满热情。 9. He felt when he failed the exam again. 答案：frustrated解析：考查 - ed 形容词修饰人，frustrated 意为 “感到沮丧的”。 翻译：当他再次考试不及格时，他感到很沮丧。 10. understanding is important in a friendship. 答案：Mutual解析：考查形容词作定语，mutual 意为 “相互的”，首字母大写。 翻译：相互理解在友谊中很重要。 11. Self helps people achieve their goals. 答案：discipline解析：考查名词构成复合词，self-discipline 意为 “自律”。 翻译：自律帮助人们实现目标。 12. The little boy asks his mother questions. 答案：constantly解析：考查副词修饰动词，constantly 意为 “不断地”。 翻译：这个小男孩不停地问他妈妈问题。 13. My neighbor has a cute . 答案：terrier解析：考查名词作宾语，terrier 意为 “㹴犬”。 翻译：我的邻居有一只可爱的㹴犬。 14. The old photo happy memories of my childhood. 答案：evokes解析：考查一般现在时，主语为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数。 翻译：这张老照片唤起了我童年的美好回忆。 15. The wooden floor is well and looks shiny. 答案：polished解析：考查被动语态，polish 意为 “抛光，擦亮”，此处表被动。 翻译：木地板被打磨得很光亮，看起来闪闪发亮。 2、 用短语的正确形式填空 shower with to start with die down refer to delight in 1.___________, we should make a detailed plan before taking action. 答案：To start with 解析：考查固定短语作状语，to start with 意为 “首先，第一点”。 翻译：首先，我们在采取行动前应该制定详细的计划。 2.The sound of the fireworks slowly ____________ as the night grew quiet. 答案：died away解析：考查动词短语时态，die away 意为 “逐渐消失，减弱”，此处用一般过去时。 翻译：随着夜晚变得宁静，烟花的声音慢慢消散了。 3.She ____________ making others happy and always helps those in need. 答案：delights in解析：考查动词短语主谓一致，delight in 意为 “喜爱，以…… 为乐”，主语为第三人称单数。 翻译：她乐于让别人开心，总是帮助有需要的人。 4.You can ____________ your notes if you forget the details during the speech. 答案：refer to解析：考查情态动词后接动词原形，refer to 意为 “参考，查阅”。 翻译：如果你在演讲中忘记了细节，可以查阅笔记。 5.The kind couple ____________ the homeless children ____________ love and care. 答案：shower; with解析：考查固定搭配 shower sb. with sth.，意为 “向某人大量给予某物”，此处用一般过去时。 翻译：这对善良的夫妇向无家可归的孩子们倾注了爱与关怀。 3． 单元语法练习 1. You ____________ (not, come) so early; the meeting won’t start until 9:00. 答案：needn’t have come解析：考查 needn’t have done，表示 “本不必做某事（但已经做了）”。 翻译：你本不必来得这么早，会议要到九点才开始。 2. She looks upset. She ____________ (hear) some bad news. 答案：must have heard解析：考查 must have done，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，“一定做了某事”。 翻译：她看起来很难过，她一定是听到了什么坏消息。 3. He ____________ (finish) his homework last night, but he was too tired. 答案：should have finished解析：考查 should have done，表示 “本应该做某事（但没做）”。 翻译：他昨晚本应该完成作业的，但是他太累了。 4. Why didn’t you tell me? You ____________ (call) me earlier. 答案：ought to have called解析：考查 ought to have done，同 should have done，“本应该做”。 翻译：你为什么不告诉我？你本应该早点给我打电话的。 5. The road is wet. It ____________ (rain) last night. 答案：must have rained解析：考查 must have done，对过去情况的肯定推测。 翻译：路面是湿的，昨晚一定下雨了。 6. You ____________ (be) more careful when crossing the street. You almost got hit. 答案：should have been解析：考查 should have done，表过去本应更小心。 翻译：过马路时你本应该更小心的，你差点被车撞到。 7. He ____________ (not, steal) the money; he was with me the whole time. 答案：can’t have stolen解析：考查 can’t have done，对过去事情的否定推测，“不可能做了某事”。 翻译：他不可能偷了那笔钱，他全程都和我在一起。 8. They ____________ (arrive) by now, but there’s still no sign of them. 答案：should have arrived解析：考查 should have done，表 “本应该已经到了”。 翻译：他们现在本应该已经到了，可还是不见人影。 9. I ____________ (buy) more bread, but I didn’t know we had so many guests. 答案：ought to have bought解析：考查 ought to have done，表过去本该做而未做。 翻译：我本应该多买些面包的，但我不知道会来这么多客人。 10. She ____________ (not, miss) the flight; she left home three hours in advance. 答案：couldn’t have missed解析：考查 couldn’t have done，比 can’t have done 语气更委婉，“不可能错过”。 翻译：她不可能错过航班的，她提前三小时就出门了。 四．阅读理解 (2024.上海实验中学模考 ) China, with her ambitious space program, is now on the point of turning her widest dream into reality. Recent breakthroughs in lunar soil research 1 (pave) the way for potential lunar base construction, a feat that could revolutionize our understanding of space and its potential for human settlement. The Chinese lunar exploration program has been strategic, with each mission2 (build) up on the last to deepen our knowledge of Earth's nearest neighbor. However, it is the latest research on the lunar soil 3 has truly opened doors to the future. Chinese researchers have discovered a method to extract water from lunar soil through a high-temperature reaction. This process involves heating the soil to temperatures above 1000°C, causing the hydrogen stored in the soil due to solar wind irradiation over millions of years 4 (react) with iron oxides, producing elemental iron and a significant amount of water. This discovery is crucial 5 it suggests that 1 ton of lunar soil could yield approximately 50 kilograms of water, enough to sustain the daily water needs of 50 people. The implications of this research are profound. Water is not only vital for human survival but is also a key component for producing oxygen and rocket fuel. With this method, a sustainable supply of water could be harnessed on the moon, greatly facilitating the establishment of a lunar research station and potentially a 6 (permanent) base. The strategy proposed by the research team involves melting the lunar soil to produce water vapor. The leftover iron could be used for7 (manufacture) magnetic materials, and the soil 8 (melt)could serve as a building material for infrastructure. This method is a game-changer, reducing the need to transport materials from Earth and making lunar construction more feasible. China's vision for a lunar base extends9 scientific research. It is about establishing a foothold for humanity in the cosmos, a stepping stone for deeper space exploration. The Chinese space agency has already outlined plans for an international lunar research station by 2030,10 will involve the construction of facilities for multidisciplinary research and technological verification. The journey from research to base construction is undoubtedly full of challenges, but the prospect of China's lunar base is promising. 【答案】 I. have paved2. built3. that. to react because/as 6. permanent7. manufacturing3. melted/molten9.to10. which 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国在月球土壤研究方面的突破及意义。 1..考查动词时态。句意:最近在月球土壤研究方面的突破为潜在的月球基地建设铺平了道路，这一壮举可能会彻底改变我们对太空及其人类定居潜力的认识。设空处为句子的谓语，强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应该用现在完成时，主语breakthroughs，结合主谓一致，故填have paved 2.考查with的复合结构。句意:中国的探月计划具有战略意义，每次任务都建立在上一次任务的基础上，以加深我们对地球最近邻居的了解。分析句子的结构可知，该句为with的复合结构，“with+宾语+宾补”的结构， each mission与build之间为被动关系。故填built。 3.考查强调句。句意:然而，对月球土壤的最新研究才真正打开了通往未来的大门。分析句子的结构可知，该句为强调句:It+is+被强调部分+that+其他部分，该句强调主语 the latest research on the lunar soil,故填 that。4.考查动词。句意:这个过程包括将土壤加热到1000摄氏度以上，使土壤中由于数百万年的太阳风照射而储存的氢与氧化铁发生反应。固定短语cause...to do sth使.....做某事。设空处应用动词不定式的形式作宾补，故填to react 4.考查连词。句意:这一发现是至关重要的，因为它表明一吨月球土壤可以产生大约50公斤的水，足以满足50人的日常用水需求。设空处引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”，故填because/as。 6.考查形容词。句意:通过这种方法，可以在月球上利用可持续的水供应，极大地促进了月球研究站和永久基地的建立。设空处为形容词的形式修饰空后的名词。故填permanent. 7.考查非谓语动词。句意:剩下的铁可以用来制造磁性材料，融化的土壤可以作为基础设施的建筑材料,融化的土壤可以作为基础设施的建筑材料。 8.设空处为非谓语形式作宾语，空前为介词for，设空处为动名词的形式作宾语。故填manufacturing8.考查非谓语动词。句意:剩下的铁可以用来制造磁性材料，融化的土壤可以作为基础设施的建筑材料根 j"The strategy proposed by the research team involves melting the lunar soil to produce water vapor. (究小组提出的策略包括融化月球土壤以产生水蒸气。)可知，设空处指的是融化的土壤。此处用过去分词作后置定语，故填melted/molten. 9.考查介词。句意:中国对月球基地的愿景延伸到了科学研究。Extend to扩展到。故填to 10.考查定语从句的引导词。句意:中国航天局已经概述了到2030年建立国际月球研究站的计划，这将涉及建设多学科研究和技术验证的设施。设空处引导非限制性的定语从句且在句中作指物的主语，先行词为故填which. 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $