内容正文:
新牛津译林8B Unit2 知识点全解(下)
内含Grammar-Integration D知识点
(共4要点+18知识点)
沭阳县智慧路中学 李小珑
制作不易,如有不足之处还望谅解。
Supporters Say
2023/09/08
Grammar
(共4要点+8知识点)
要点1:have/has gone (to) 的用法
翻译为:“去了”
表示说话时某人已经去了某地,但还没有回来。可能在去某地的路上,已在某地或在回来的路上。
①该用法一般常用于第三人称,不能与once(一次),twice(两次),never(从未),ever(曾经)等连用。也不与for以及since构成的短语连用。
②若接地点名词时要加介词to。
→have/has gone to + 地点 去了某地(还未回来)
—Where is Simon? 西蒙在哪里?
—He has gone to Australia with his family. 他和他的家人一起去澳大利亚了。
③若接地点副词(here,there,home), 省略to。
He is not in the office. He has gone there.
他不在办公室。他去那里了。
要点2:have/has been (to)的用法
翻译为: “去过”
表示某人曾经去过某地,并且已经回来了。常和once,twice,never,ever等连用。
不能与一段时间连用。
①若接地点名词时要加介词to。
→have/has been to + 地点 去过某地(已经回来)
I have been to Shanghai once. 我去过上海一次。 (现在不在上海,已经回来)
②若接地点副词(here,there,home),省略to。
—Have you ever been to Shanghai? 你曾去过上海吗?
—No, I’ve never been there. 没有,我从未去过那里。
要点3:have/has been in +地点名词
翻译为: “在某地待过多久”
强调从过去某个时间点一直到现在都位于该地点,并且可能还会继续待下去。
注:常与表示一段时间的状语连用(since+一段时间ago/过去时间点/从句)
, for+一段时间...)。
Mr Brown has been in Shanghai for three days.
布朗先生在上海已经3天了。
We have been in China since five years ago.
我们自从五年前就来中国了。
I have been in the UK since 2021.
我从2021年就在英国了。
要点4:短暂性动词 vs 延续性动词
短暂性动词:
短暂性动词也称非延续性动词或瞬间动词,这类动词所表示的动作往往在瞬间就完成了,动作不能持续。不可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见的短暂性动词:leave(离开), come(来), go(去), arrive(到达), marry(结婚),
borrow(借入), join(加入), begin/start(开始), finish(完成), stop(停止), buy(购买),
open(打开), close(关闭)
The film started one hour ago. 电影是一个小时前开始的。(√)
The film has started for one hour. 电影已经开始一个小时了。(×)
延续性动词:
延续性动词是指动作可以持续的动词,可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见的延续性动词:keep(保留), have(拥有), stay(停留), eat(吃),drink(喝), sleep(睡觉)
I have kept the book for two days. 这本书我已经借了两天了。
短暂性动词:leave (离开)
延续性短语:be away from (不在.../离开...)
现在完成时构成 → have/has been away from (已不在...)
注:如果没有强调离开的地点,省略from。
He has been away since yesterday. 他从昨天起就不在了。
1. Kitty _______ home two days ago.
Kitty __________________ home since two days ago.
left
has been away from
2. Kitty ________ in Hong Kong two days ago.
Kitty ___________ Hong Kong for two days.
arrived
has been in
短暂性动词短语:come to(来到), go to(去到), arrive at(到达), arrive in(到达)
延续性短语:be in/at (在...)
现在完成时构成:have/has been in/at (已在...)
短暂性动词:marry(结婚)
延续性短语:be married (已婚) (这里married为形容词,结婚的)
现在完成时构成:have/has been married (已结婚)
3. Marry _________ Max last year.
She _________________ since last year.
married
has been married
短暂性动词:borrow(借入)
延续性动词:keep (保留)
现在完成时构成:have/has kept (已保留)
4.She ________ this book last week.
She _________ this book since 2020.
borrowed
has kept
短暂性动词:join(加入)
延续性动词短语:be in (在...)
be a member of (是...的成员)
现在完成时构成:have/has been in (已在..)
have/has been a member of (已是...的成员)
5.Jenny_______ the Party fifteen years ago.
Daniel ______________________________ the Party since 2020.
joined
has been a member of/ has been in
短暂性动词:begin/start (开始)
延续性短语:be on (这里的on为副词,上映,上演)
现在完成时构成:have/has been on (已上演)
6.The show ________ at 8 a.m..
The show ______________ for an hour.
began
has been on
短暂性动词:buy(购买)
延续性动词:have(拥有)
现在完成时构成:have/has had (已拥有)
短暂性动词:finish(结束)/stop(停止)
延续性短语:be over (这里over为副词,结束)
现在完成时构成:have/has been over (已结束)
短暂性动词:open (打开)
延续性短语:be open (开着的)
现在完成时构成:have/has been open
(已经开着)
短暂性动词:close(关闭)
延续性短语:be closed (关着的)
现在完成时构成:have/has been closed
(已经关着)
die
have/has been dead
短暂性动词:die(死亡)
延续性短语:be dead (死亡的)
现在完成时构成:have/has been dead
(已经死亡)
1.My dad has gone on a business trip there this week. 我爸爸这周去那里出差了。
<新>知识点1:business的用法 P26
<不可数名词>①商务,公事
<搭配>on business 出差=on a business trip
I’m going to Beijing on business.
I’m going to Beijing on a business trip. 我要去北京出差。
②生意,商业
<搭配>do business with sb 和某人做生意
I have done business with him for years. 我与他做生意已经多年了。
③职责
<搭配>It’s none of your business. 不关你的事。
<可数名词+es>企业,公司 (强调具体的企业或公司)
She runs a small business. 她经营着一家小公司。
<职业>businessman 商人,生意人 (+man) <复数>businessmen
He is a successful businessman. 他是一位成功的商人。
2.He sent me some photos yesterday. 他昨天给我发了一些照片。 P26
<复习>知识点2:send的用法
<及物动词>邮寄,发送
<搭配>send sb sth= send sth to sb
发送/寄给某人某物,把某物发送/寄给某人
I sent my friend a letter.
间宾 直宾
I sent a letter to my friend. 我寄给我朋友一封信。
直宾 间宾
注:如果直接宾语为代词,只能使用含to的形式。
I sent it to him. 我把它寄给他了。
直宾 间宾
<类似能用双宾结构的动词>give(给), pass(传递), teach(教), tell(告诉), show(给...看)
3.Lucky her! 她真幸运! P26
<复习>知识点3:lucky的用法
<形容词>幸运的
<搭配>be lucky to do sth 有幸做某事
I was lucky to meet her.我有幸遇见了她。
a lucky dog 幸运儿
You are a lucky dog! 你真是个幸运儿!
Lucky+人称代词宾格! 某人真幸运!
He married a kind woman. Lucky him! 他娶了个善良的女人。他真幸运!
<拓展> luck <不可数名词>运气
She had bad luck yesterday. 她昨天运气不好。
luckily <副词>幸运地,幸运的是
Luckily, I arrived on time. 幸运的是,我准时到达了。
4.Gui Water Town is a wonderful mix of ancient villages, mountains and water.
古北水镇是古村落,山和水的完美融合。P26
<新>知识点4: mix的用法
<可数名词>混合,混杂,结合 (注:通常以单数形式出现)
<搭配>a mix of ...的混合
Her dress is a mix of blue and green. 她的裙子是蓝色和绿色的混合。
<及物/不及物动词> (使)混合,融合 <三单>mixes
<搭配>mix A and B =mix A with B 把A和B融合 (oil:油)
You can’t mix oil and/with water. 你不能把油和水融合。
<拓展>mixed <形容词>混合的
They are a mixed group of students. 他们是一个混合的学生群体。
5.They won’t come back until next weekend. 他们要到下个周末才回来。
<新>知识点5:until
<介词/连词>到...时,直到...为止
注:作为介词时后接名词或代词。
作为连词时引导时间状语从句。
①until用于肯定句时,强调动作或状态一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。
同时谓语动词必须是延续性动词(表示的动作可以持续一段时间,不会瞬间结束。)
She stayed here until Monday. 她一直待在这里直到周一。(until作介词)
I waited for him until he came back. 我一直等到他回来为止。(until作连词)
②until用于否定句时,构成not...until(直到...才),强调动作或状态直到until所表示的时间才发生。同时谓语动词通常是非延续性动词(表示的动作瞬间完成,不能持续。)
He didn’t go home until ten o’clock. 他直到十点钟才回家。(until作介词)
I won’t leave until the rain stops. 我直到雨停了才离开。(until作连词)
6.They were all so delicious and I could not get enough of them.
它们都如此美味并且我怎么也吃不够。 P27
<新>知识点6:can’t get enough of
翻译为: “怎么也...不够,太喜欢..., 爱不释手” (如果出现过去时,需将can’t 变couldn’t)
I can’t get enough of chocolate. 巧克力我怎么也吃不够。
When I was a child, I couldn’t get enough of ice cream.
我小时候太喜欢冰淇淋了。
7.We can’t wait to share our travel experiences with each other. P27
我们迫不及待和彼此分享我们的旅行经历。
知识点7:can’t wait to do sth的用法
翻译为: “迫不及待做某事”
I can’t wait to tell my mother the good news. 我迫不及待地要告诉妈妈这个好消息。
7.In fact, I have not travelled anywhere since the beginning of this year.
事实上,自今年年初以来我没有去过任何地方旅行。 P27
<新>知识点7:anywhere的用法
<副词>任何地方 注:常用于否定句或疑问句。
Lily can’t find her ruler anywhere. 莉莉到处都找不到她的尺子。
Did you go anywhere fun last weekend? 上周末你去什么好玩的地方了吗?
<拓展>everywhere <副词>到处
I looked everywhere, but I couldn’t find it. 我到处都找了,但没找到。
somewhere <副词> 在某处,到某处 注:常用于肯定句。
I want to go somewhere warm. 我想去个暖和的地方。
8. She married Uncle Xu five years ago. They have been married for five years.
她五年前和徐叔叔结婚。他们已经结婚五年了。P28
<新>知识点8:marry的用法
<及物/不及物动词>结婚,嫁,娶
<搭配>marry sb 嫁给某人/娶某人/与某人结婚
He plans to marry his girlfriend next year. 他计划明年娶他的女朋友。
<拓展>married <形容词>结婚的
get married (to sb) (与某人)结婚
注:该短语为非延续性动作,不能与表示时间段的状语连用。
My sister got married last year. 我妹妹去年结的婚。
be married (to sb) (与某人)结婚
注:该短语为延续性状态,可与表示时间段的状语连用。
Tom has been married to Mary for a year. 汤姆和玛丽结婚一年了。
<练习>—She ______ ten years ago.
—You mean she has______ him for ten years.
A. married; got married to B. got married; got married with
C. got married; been married with D. got married; been married to
Supporters Say
2023/09/08
Integration A-C
(共7知识点)
1.Classical gardens 古典园林 P29
<新>知识点1:classical的用法
<形容词>古典的 (常指古希腊/罗马或西方音乐特定时期)
I like listening to classical music when I study.
我学习的时候喜欢听古典音乐。
<对比>classic <形容词>经典的,一流的
(强调事物经过时间考验,具有公认的最高质量或典型特征。)
This is a classic movie. 这是一部经典电影。
<可数名词+s>经典作品,名著
She has read many Chinese classics.
她读过许多中国名著。
2.Yan’an was the base of the Communist Party of China and has become a symbol of the Chinese people’s spirit of never giving up during that difficult period. P30
延安曾经是中国共产党的根据地并且已成为那段艰难时期中国人民永不言弃精神的象征。
<新>知识点2:base
<可数名词+s>①据点,总部,根据地
Our company’s base is in Shanghai. 我们公司的总部在上海。
②基础
A good family is the base of a happy life. 一个好的家庭是幸福生活的基础。
<及物动词>以...为基础
<搭配>be based on sth 以某物为基础,根据某物改编
This novel is based on a true story. 这本小说是根据真实故事改编的。
<拓展>basic <形容词>基本的,基础的 (e→ic)
We need some basic knowledge. 我们需要一些基础知识。
<复习>知识点3:give up
翻译为: “放弃”
可接名词,代词或动词ing作宾语。
①give up doing sth 放弃做某事
You should give up smoking. 你应该戒烟。
②普通名词作宾语,放在give up中间或后面。
He gave up his job. =He gave his job up. 他放弃了他的工作。
③人称代词作宾语,放在give up中间。
Don’t give it up. It is very important. 不要放弃它。它很重要。
3.I will recommend Yan’an Revolutionary Memorial Hall. P30
<复习>知识点4:recommend的用法 (7B Unit3)
<及物动词>推荐
<搭配>①recommend sb as + 职位 推荐某人担任某个职位
We recommend Li Ming as our monitor. 我们要推荐李明当我们的班长。
②recommend sth to sb 向某人推荐某物
I want to recommend some books to you. 我想向你推荐一些书。
4.It is a large museum with a rich collection of historical records including thousands of photographs. 它是一座大型博物馆,拥有丰富的历史记录收藏包括数千张照片。P30
<复习>知识点5:historical的用法
<形容词>历史的,与历史有关的 (强调与历史相关的、发生在过去的)
She writes historical novels set in ancient China.
她写以中国古代为背景的历史小说。
<对比>historic
<形容词>历史上著名的,历史性的,有历史意义的
(强调具有重要历史意义的、划时代的)
This moment is historic. 这一刻具有历史意义。
Historic times need historic leaders. 历史性的时代需要历史性的领导者。
<新>知识点6:record的用法 /ˈrekɔːd/
<可数名词+s>①记录
<搭配>keep a record of sth 把某物记录下来
You should keep a record of your study time.
你应该记录下你的学习时间。
②纪录(常指运动纪录)
<搭配>break a record 打破纪录
He broke the record in the high jump. 他打破了跳高纪录。
<动词>录制,记录 /rɪˈkɔːd/
We should record the events of the past. 我们应该把过去的事件记录下来。
4.It is important for me to remember those heroes.对我来说记住那些英雄是重要的。
<新>知识点7:hero的用法
<可数名词+es>英雄
My heroes are my parents because they work so hard.
我的英雄是我的父母,因为他们工作很努力。
☆英雄爱吃芒果(mango)土豆(potato)西红柿(tomato).
Supporters Say
2023/09/08
Integration D
(共3知识点)
1.These beautiful gardens have a long history and are a cultural treasure of China. 这些美丽的园林历史悠久并且是中国的文化珍宝。P32
<复习>知识点1:treasure的用法
<可数名词+s>珍宝,珍品(强调艺术品和历史文物)
This painting is a national treasure. 这幅画是国宝。
<不可数名词>财富,金银财宝
They found a lot of treasure in a cave. 他们在山洞里发现了许多金银财宝。
Traditional culture is precious treasure for a nation.
传统文化是一个国家的宝贵财富。
2.These gardens are special because their designs show off the beauty of natural landscapes. 这些园林是特别的因为它们的设计显示了自然景观之美。 P32
<新>知识点2:show off的用法
翻译为: “衬托,炫耀,卖弄,显示”
注:show off为“动词+副词”结构
普通名词可以放在show off中间或后面。
He likes to show off his new watch. 他喜欢炫耀他的新手表。
=He likes to show his new watch off.
人称代词只能放show off中间。
I bought a new phone. I want to show it off. 我买了个新手机。我想炫耀一下它。
<类似动副结构的短语>
①give up (放弃) ②pick up(捡起) ③put on(穿上) ④turn on 打开 ⑤turn off 关闭
3.No matter where you stand, there is always a perfect picture in front of you.
无论你站在哪里,你面前总有一幅完美的图片。 P32
<新>知识点3:no matter的用法 翻译为: “不论,无论,不管”
与what,who,when,where,how等疑问词连用。
可以引导让步状语从句,表示“不管发生什么情况,结果都不会改变”。
基本结构:no matter+疑问词+主语+谓语动词
☆遵循主将从现的原则。
No matter what you say, I won’t believe you.无论你说什么,我都不会相信你。
从句(一般现在时) 主句(一般将来时)
注:no matter+疑问词 =疑问词+ever
no matter how = however(无论怎样) no matter what = whatever(无论什么)
no matter when = whenever(无论何时) no matter where =wherever(无论在哪里)
no matter who =whoever(无论谁)
No matter who calls, don’t open the door. 无论谁打电话,都别开门。
=Whoever calls, don’t open the door.
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