UNIT 2 Section Ⅳ Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing(学用Word)-【优学精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册（人教版）

本讲义聚焦“善良的重要性”与“道德故事分析及写作”核心知识点，通过话题词汇（如“be willing to help others”）、句式（如“It’s our duty to...”）积累搭建语言基础，衔接对话实战应用，再过渡到寓言故事《The Stone in the Road》的阅读分析、核心词汇（如“harm”“a great deal of”）及句型（独立主格、neither...nor...）解构，最终以《孔融让梨》写作任务实现输出，形成“输入-内化-输出”的学习支架。 该资料特色在于融合语言能力与文化意识培养，通过寓言故事传递责任与善良价值观，如《The Stone in the Road》阅读题引导学生分析人物品质，提升思维品质。写作指导提供“品课文-析手法-背佳句”步骤，课中辅助教师开展读写结合教学，课后通过词汇练习、句型仿写帮助学生查漏补缺，强化自主学习能力。

Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Part Ⅰ　Talk about the importance of kindness 话题表达实战 1.（a） part of our traditional virtues 2.stop complaining about the world 3.focus on how much they’ve helped and cared about you 4.be energetic and hard-working Part Ⅱ　Share your opinions about a moral story 【速读语篇·知文意】 1－4　BADB 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 1.①my eyes in tears　②tear down the fence ③was close to tears 2.①be harmed　②harmful　③be harmful to our health 3.①better　②has been made　③learnt a great deal from them 重点句型解构 1.①a smile of happiness spreading across her face ②many things to settle　③The work finished 2.①neither too hot nor too cold　②either allow us to enjoy life or ③not what you say but what you do 【演练佳作·写美文】 写作步骤 二、1.is a story of virtue 2.he could divide the pears according to the order of age 3.which is given to himself 4.the basic principle 5.respect the elders； how to share 6.is short； serves its purpose of 7.I like this story so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers. 三、　　In my opinion， the story is intended to tell us to learn to respect the elders， know how to share， and not to be selfish.The story is short and the thread is clear， and it serves its purpose of educating the world well. 四、 　　Kong Rong Gives up the Biggest Pear is a story of virtue.When Kong Rong was four years old， he could divide the pears according to the order of age.Everyone gets his share， but the one which is given to himself is the least.He said respecting the elders is the basic principle. 　　In my opinion， the story is intended to tell us to learn to respect the elders， know how to share， and not to be selfish.The story is short and the thread is clear， and it serves its purpose of educating the world well. 　　I like this story so much that I would like to recommend it to the readers. 【教材词汇·练续写】 第一步 1.a car accident and fainted 2.a world of anger， despair and complaint 3.All day long she frowned and was in tears 4.tended （to） her with great care 5.was replaced by confidence 6.It is you that carry me through 第二步 She was blind forever， which threw her into a world of anger， despair and complaint. 第三步 　　Susan had a car accident and fainted.She was blind forever， which threw her into a world of anger，despair and complaint.All day long she frowned and was in tears， feeling as if a knife were cutting her heart.Her husband， Mark， tended （to） her with great care and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma.Gradually， Susan’s tension was replaced by confidence.She whispered gently， “Mark， thank you.It is you that carry me through the tough situation.” 【随堂检测·要过关】 Ⅰ.1.accident　2.despair　3.tears　4.harm Ⅱ.1.a great deal of　2.tripped over　3.passed away 4.In memory of　5.in disguise 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Section Ⅳ　Listening and Talking & Reading for Writing Part Ⅰ　Talk about the importance of kindness 话题语料积累 Ⅰ.话题词汇 1.be willing to help others 　 乐于助人 2.be generous 慷慨大方 3.take on responsibility 承担责任 4.devote oneself to serving the people 致力于服务人民 5.hard-working and kind 勤劳善良 6.respect our parents and teachers 尊重我们的父母和师长 7.serve as a volunteer 担任志愿者 8.pay love and kindness forward 把爱和善举传递下去 Ⅱ.话题句式 1.I feel greatly honored to be devoted to serving the people. 能致力于为人民服务我感到很荣幸。 2.It’s our duty to love and protect our homeland. 热爱并保护我们的祖国是我们的责任。 3.Being honest and friendly is of great importance to us students. 做到诚实友善对于我们学生来说很重要。 4.I believe a small act of kindness can make a big difference.我相信一个小小的善举可以起到很大的作用。 话题表达实战 　　情境：在日常生活中，我们应该感恩，有一颗善良的心。 　　阅读并根据提示完成下面对话。 　　Gratitude is not only an art performed in our daily lives， but also 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （我们传统美德的一部分）.Gratitude is important because it brings countless benefits to our physical， mental， and emotional well-being while enhancing our relationships and fostering a positive outlook on life. 　　Ungrateful persons are always blaming the world for the problems and owing all the faults to others.If you want to be grateful， 2.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （停止抱怨世界）， your teachers， your friends and your family not putting themselves in your shoes， and 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （关注他们对你的帮助和关心）.In our daily lives， we should be willing to help others and have a kind heart.In our study， we should 4.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （充满活力，刻苦努力）. Part Ⅱ　Share your opinions about a moral story 1.Why did the king put a large stone in the middle of the main street？（　　） A.To hide gold coins under it. B.To teach an important lesson to his people. C.To see if anyone would remove it in a short time. D.To see whether his people could solve problems for him. 2.Which words can be used to show the qualities of the milkman，women with water and some villagers？（　　） A.Selfish and indifferent. B.Kind and generous. C.Humorous and optimistic. D.Honest and cautious. 3.What can we infer from the fable？ （　　） A.The king regretted what he had done. B.The girl and the king found the owner of the coins. C.The girl wasn’t surprised at the coins. D.The king achieved his goal at last. 4.What do you think this fable is trying to tell us？（　　） A.Where there is a will， there is a way. B.Everyone should shoulder responsibilities for his community. C.Chance favors only the prepared mind. D.As you make your bed， you must lie on it. 核心词汇集释 1.tear n.眼泪；泪水 教材原句　She picked herself up and limped away in tears. 她从地上爬起来，噙着泪一瘸一拐地走了。 【用法】 （1）in tears　　　　　　　 流着泪，含着泪 burst into tears 突然大哭起来 tears of joy 喜悦的泪水 hold back one’s tears 强忍住眼泪 be moved to tears 感动得流泪 be close to tears 几乎要流泪 （2）tear apart 撕开，撕碎 tear down 扯下，拆毁，拆除 【佳句】　The moment they met， they hugged each other tightly and couldn’t hold back their tears. 他们一见面，就紧紧地拥抱着对方，泪水控制不住地流了下来。 【写美】　完成句子 ①I was deeply moved by what he had done， 　　　　　　　　　　. 被他的所作所为深深感动了，我热泪盈眶。 ②Even worse， another bear appeared and tried to 　　　　　　　　　　. （动作描写） 更糟糕的是，另一只熊出现了，并试图拆毁围栏。 ③When standing on the stage， he suddenly felt his tongue tied and palms sweating and he 　　　　　　　　　　. 站在台上时，他突然感觉舌头打结，手心出汗，快要哭了。 2.harm n.& vt.伤害；损害 教材原句　Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？ 难道整个村子都没有一个人觉得有责任让邻居免遭不测吗？ 【用法】 （1）do sb/sth harm＝do harm to sb/sth 对……有害 There is no harm in doing sth 做某事无害 （2）harmful adj. 有害的 be harmful to ... 对……有害 （3）harmless adj. 无害的 【佳句】　These days， breaking traffic rules and littering are common， doing serious harm to life and the environment. 如今，违反交通规则和乱扔垃圾的现象很常见，对生活和环境造成了严重的危害。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①As parents， they have the responsibility to make sure we won’t 　　　　　　　　（harm）. ②As is known to all， too much stress is 　　　　　　（harm） to our bodies and minds. 【写美】　完成句子 ③The air pollution is very serious，so taking outdoor exercise may 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 空气污染很严重，所以户外运动可能对我们的健康有害。 3.a great/good deal of 许多的，大量的（只能修饰不可数名词） 教材原句　After a great deal of effort， she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.费了好大一番功夫，她终于成功地把石头推到了路边。 【用法】 （1）a great/good deal用作副词短语时，可修饰形容词、副词比较级来加强程度，也可以修饰动词作状语。 （2）a great deal用作名词短语时，意为“大量，许多”，在句中作主语或宾语。 【佳句】　I know a great deal about many historical figures because I am fond of history. 我对许多历史人物很了解，因为我喜欢历史。 【联想】　“许多，大量”的其他表达： （a good/great） many/quite a few/a great number of＋可数名词复数； much＋不可数名词； a large amount of＋不可数名词； a lot of /lots of/plenty of＋可数名词复数或不可数名词。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①After taking some medicine， he felt a great deal 　　　　　　（good）. ②A great deal of progress 　　　　　　　　　　（make） over the last several decades in health， education and peace. 【写美】　完成句子 ③Last summer holiday， I went to the countryside and worked with farmers.In this way， I 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 去年暑假，我去农村和农民一起劳作。通过这种方式，我从他们身上学到了很多东西。 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：独立主格结构 教材原句　After a while， a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head. 过了一会儿，一群妇女走了过来，每个人头上都顶着一罐水。 【用法】 （1）句中each balancing a pot of water on her head是一个由代词each和动词-ing短语构成的结构，充当句子的状语，这种语法结构被称作“独立主格结构”。 （2）独立主格结构：名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/doing/done/to do。 【品悟】　As we arrived， Jack eagerly handed his car over to the volunteers， his eyes full of the joy of sharing. （情感描写） 当我们到达时，杰克急切地把他的车交给了志愿者，他的眼中充满了分享的喜悦。 【写美】　完成句子 ①She rested her head on her husband’s shoulder， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 她把头靠在丈夫的肩膀上，脸上洋溢着幸福的笑容。 ②The manager felt as if he were an ant on a hot pan， 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 有许多事情要解决， 经理觉得自己就像热锅上的蚂蚁。 ③　　　　　　， we went home happily. 工作完成后，我们就高兴地回家了。 2.句型公式：neither ...nor ...既不……也不…… 教材原句　Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 无论是她自己，还是她的同伴，都没有想到把石头从路中间挪开。 【用法】 （1）neither ...nor ...可连接两个并列的句子成分，连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。 （2）遵循“就近一致”原则的其他并列连词有： either ...or ...　　　　 要么……要么…… not only ...but also ... 不仅……而且…… not ...but ... 不是……而是…… 【品悟】　Neither his sons nor he gave up， and every day they spent a great deal of time （in） doing the work. 他和他的儿子们都未曾放弃，每天，他们都花大量的时间做这项工作。 【写美】　完成句子 ①Our school lies in Tianjin City， which is beautiful.In autumn， it is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 我们学校位于天津市，这是一个美丽的城市。在秋天，天气既不太热也不太冷。 ②There are occasions that 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　forget about our work for a little while. 有些时候，我们要么享受生活，要么暂时忘记工作。 ③It is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　that matters. 重要的不是你说什么，而是你做什么。 Step 1｜品教材课文 THE STONE IN THE ROAD 　　Once upon a time there was a king who often thought， “Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems.” One day， he had an idea. 　　Early one morning， the king disguised himself and went to a local village.He placed a large stone in the middle of the main street and hid gold coins under the stone.Then he hid behind a huge maple tree and watched. 　　The first person down the street was a milkman with his cart.He crashed into the stone， spilling the milk everywhere.“What fool put this stone here？” he shouted.He picked himself up and angrily went away. 　　After a while， a group of women came along， each balancing a pot of water on her head.One woman tripped over the stone and her water pot went crashing to the ground.She picked herself up and limped away in tears.Neither she nor her friends thought about moving the stone out of the road. 　　The king watched all day as many people complained about the stone， but he found nobody making an attempt to move it.The king was in despair.“Is there no one in this village who feels any responsibility to keep their neighbours from harm？” 　　Just then， the king saw a young girl coming along.She was the daughter of a local farmer.She had been working all day and was very tired.But when she saw the stone， she said to herself， “This stone is a danger to anyone who comes down the street after dark.I’ll move it out of the way.” 　　The girl pushed the stone with all her might.After a great deal of effort， she finally succeeded in moving it to the side of the street.Imagine her surprise when she saw the gold coins where the stone had been！ 　　Just then， the king stepped out from behind the tree.“Oh sir，” the girl said， “does this gold belong to you？ If not， we surely must find the owner， for he will certainly miss it.” 　　The king said， “My dear， the gold is mine.I put it in the road and moved the stone over it.Now the gold is yours， because you are the only person who has learnt the lesson I wanted to teach my people.” Step 2｜析写作手法 学语言 1.连接词： （1）第一段第一句中的Once upon a time 是常用的故事开头语，然后作者用One day开始叙述故事。 （2）第二至五段主要是按照时间顺序展开的，并运用了Early one morning， Then， After a while， all day等时间状语，使句子之间层次清晰、衔接紧密、语意连贯。 2.高级表达： （1）作者运用高频词汇disguised， placed， hid 等词描写了国王的实际行动。 （2）作者运用She picked herself up and limped away in tears.描绘了一个女人被绊倒后的反应。 3.高级句式： （1）第一段中使用了高级句式：whose people only complain and expect ...为whose引导的定语从句。 （2）第三段第二句中的spilling the milk everywhere和第四段第一、二句中的each balancing a pot of water on her head和crashing to the ground等多处使用了动词-ing短语，使语言精辟简练，表达更加形象生动，故事情节波澜起伏。 （3）倒数第二段中的If not是条件状语从句的省略形式，既避免了重复又使语言更加精练，突显表达效果。 学结构 Step 3｜背出彩佳句 一、开头引入句 1.This is a fable about how neighbors get along.这是一则关于邻里之间如何相处的寓言故事。 2.I’d like to tell you something about a moral fable I recently read. 我想告诉你我最近读到的一个寓言故事的内容。 二、主体段落句 1.There is no doubt that the fable story has a great influence on me. 毫无疑问，这个寓言故事对我影响很大。 2.It is recognised that kindness and diligence are both traditional virtues of Chinese people. 人们普遍认为，善良和勤劳都是中国人民的传统美德。 3.Having read the story， I was lost in thought， feeling disappointed with what she did. 读完这个故事后，我陷入了沉思， 对她的所作所为感到失望。 4.What impresses me most is that he helped the people in need.让我印象最深刻的是他帮助了急需帮助的人。 5.What the author wants to tell us in the story is that one good turn deserves another.作者想在这个故事中告诉我们的是：善有善报。 三、结尾感悟句 1.What a wonderful and meaningful story it is！多么精彩和有意义的故事啊！ 2.I think the story is worth reading because it tells us how to be kind to others. 我认为这个故事值得一读，因为它告诉我们如何善待他人。 3.It’s a good story， and I’d like to recommend it to my friends. 这是一个好故事，我想把它推荐给我的朋友。 4.The story makes me aware that I should be grateful for what they have done for me. 这个故事让我意识到我应该感激他们为我所做的一切。 5.I feel that I have learned a lot from the article.我觉得我从这篇文章中学到了很多。 　　假如你是李华，请你给学校英语校报写一篇关于《孔融让梨》的英文评论。包括以下内容： 　　（1）故事梗概； 　　（2）内容分析； 　　（3）个人观点。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 一、合理布局，精心谋篇 二、遣词造句，规范得体 1.《孔融让梨》是一个关于美德的故事。 Kong Rong Gives Up the Biggest Pear 　　　　　　　　　　. 2.孔融四岁时，就能按年龄大小来分梨。 When Kong Rong was four years old， 　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 3.每个人都分到了自己应得的一份，唯独给自己的那一个是最小的。（定语从句） Everyone gets his share， but the one 　　　　　　　　　　　　is the least. 4.他说敬重长辈是基本准则。 He said respecting the elders is 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 5.这个故事想告诉我们要学会尊敬长辈，懂得分享，不要自私自利。 The story is intended to tell us to learn to 　　　　　　　　　　， know 　　　　　　　　， and not to be selfish. 6.故事简短，脉络清晰。它很好地起到了教化世人的目的。 The story 　　　　　　　　and the thread is clear.It 　　　　　　　　　　　　educating the world well. 7.我非常喜欢这个故事。我想向读者推荐它。（so ...that ...状语从句） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 三、恰当衔接，自然过渡 　　使用in my opinion， and等过渡词汇，把描述故事分析连接成段。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 四、认真誊写，赏心悦目 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 词汇 佳句 情感描写 ①passive adj.被动的；顺从的 ②despair n.绝望 vi.绝望；感到无望 ③complain vi.& vt.抱怨；发牢骚 ④tension n.紧张关系；紧张；焦虑 1.She was more interested in tending patients， publishing medical research on care for women and children， and training the next generation of doctors. （动作描写） 2.Nothing good can come to a nation whose people only complain and expect others to solve their problems. （哲理感悟） 3.The king was in despair. （情感描写） 4.Jane turned to me with tears in her eyes， and begged me to help her. 动作描写 ①faint vi.昏倒；晕厥adj.不清楚的；微弱的 ②carry sb through sth 帮助某人渡过难关 ③tend vt.照顾；照料 vi.倾向；趋于 ④trip over被……绊倒 ⑤disguise vt.装扮；假扮；掩盖 n.伪装；化装用具 情境导语：经过一系列的手术后，苏珊终于脱离危险，但却永远失明，这让她陷入了绝望的深渊…… 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1.Susan had 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 苏珊遭遇车祸，昏迷了。 2.She was blind forever.This threw her into 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 她永远失明了，这使她陷入了愤怒、绝望、抱怨的世界中。 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， feeling as if a knife were cutting her heart. 她整天愁眉苦脸，以泪洗面，心如刀割。 4.Her husband， Mark， 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　and determined to assist her to regain strength and confidence and step out of such a passive dilemma. 她的丈夫马克细致入微地照顾她，决定帮助她重拾力量和信心，走出如此消极的困境。 5.Gradually， Susan’s tension 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 苏珊的焦虑逐渐被自信取代了。 6.She whispered gently， “Mark， thank you.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the tough situation.” 她柔声低语道：“马克，谢谢你。是你帮助我渡过了难关。” 第二步：句式升级造亮点 把句2合并升级为含有非限制性定语从句的复合句 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第三步：过渡衔接连成篇 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.The children had been warned many times not to swim alone in the sea before the 　　　　　　（事故） happened. 2.It was at the very moment that I was in total 　　　　　　（绝望） and decided to go home. （情绪描写） 3.I will never forget the scene where you saw me off in t　　　　　　 at the station. 4.If used improperly， the medicine will do h　　　　　　 to you. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.Your letter of congratulation gives me 　　　　　　　　　　（大量） pleasure. 2.I was walking down the street when I 　　　　　　　　（被……绊倒） a stone on the pavement. 3.They planted roses in memory of the former Olympic champion who 　　　　　　　　（去世） last year. 4.　　　　　　　　　　 （作为对……的纪念） the national hero， local people set up a primary school named after him in the autonomous region. 5.As far as I know， the waitress was actually a police officer 　　　　　　　　（伪装）. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 2　Section Ⅳ 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $