内容正文:
仁爱版七年级下册Unit8语法精讲
(Numbers & 祈使句)
1、 核心语法知识点
1.Numbers:千位数以上基数词的读写与用法
本单元重点学习千位数(1,000+)、万、百万、十亿的英文读写,以及百分数的用法。
1.1 千位数以上的读写规则(课本核心考点)
规则:逗号分隔法
从右往左,每3位加一个逗号,逗号依次读作:thousand(千)→ million(百万)→ billion(十亿)
4,600 → four thousand, six hundred(4千6百)
45,390 → forty-five thousand, three hundred and ninety(4万5千3百九十)
93,000,000 → ninety-three million(9千3百万)
1,386,000,000 → one billion, three hundred and eighty-six million(13亿8千六百万)
读数三步走(照着做,不会错!)
先给数字加逗号分节(从右往左,每3位1个);
从左往右,逐个节翻译,加上逗号的名字(thousand/million/billion);
每个节内部,按照“百位+and+十位--个位”翻译(十位是0就直接读百位+个位)。
实战演练(课本数字:6,363,000)
第一步:分节 → 6,363,000(两个逗号,分3节);
第二步:左第一节6 → six million(6百万);
第三步:中间节363 → three hundred and sixty-three thousand(363千);
最后一节000 → 末尾三个0不用读;
合起来:six million, three hundred and sixty-three thousand(6百万363千,也就是6,363,000)。
1.2 hundred/thousand/million/billion的“两用法”
用法类型
通俗理解
规则
课本相关例句
前有具体数字(比如3、5、20)
数字是“确定的”,比如3百、5百万
用单数,后面不加of
three hundred students(300名学生)
five million square kilometers(5百万平方公里)
后接of(表示“成百上千、成千上万”)
数字是“不确定的”,只知道很多
用复数(加s),前面不加具体数字
hundreds of birds(成百上千只鸟)
thousands of lakes(成千上万的湖泊)
1.3百分数的用法(课本拓展考点)
表示“百分之……”用 数字 + percent(percent无复数),核心考点:“百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词由of后的名词单复数决定。
About 20 percent of my friends come from Canada.(of后是复数friends,谓语用原形)
10% of the land is home to wild animals.(of后是单数land,谓语用is)
课本原句:Ice covers about 98 percent of the land.(冰覆盖了大约98%的土地)
Imperative Sentences:祈使句的肯定与否定形式
祈使句用于表示“命令、请求、建议、禁止”,比如老师说“安静!”、妈妈说“多喝水!”、环保标语“节约用水!”,都是祈使句,特点是:没有主语(默认是“你”),动词开头。
2.1 肯定祈使句(3种类型)
类型
通俗理解
结构
课本例句
Do型(最常用)
直接说“做什么”
动词原形 + 其他
Save every drop of water.(节约每一滴水)
Collect the rainwater.(收集雨水)
Turn off the tap.(关掉水龙头)
Be型
说“要怎么样”(加形容词)
Be + 形容词 + 其他
Be careful with the tap.(小心水龙头)
Be kind to our planet.(善待我们的星球)
Be quiet in the library.(在图书馆保持安静)
Let型(邀请一起做)
“让我们一起做某事”
Let’s(=Let us) + 动词原形 + 其他
Let’s make a poster about saving water.(让我们做一张节水海报)
Let’s clean the classroom.(让我们打扫教室)
2.2否定祈使句(4种形式,禁止/劝阻都能用)
类型
通俗理解
结构
课本例句
Don’t型(最常用)
“不要做什么”
Don’t + 动词原形 + 其他
Don’t throw waste into the lakes.(不要往湖里扔垃圾)
Don’t run in the hallway.(不要在走廊跑)
Never型(强调“绝不”)
语气比Don’t更强,“永远不要”
Never + 动词原形 + 其他
Never keep the water running.(不要让水一直流)
No型(公共标识常用)
简洁明了,“禁止……”
No + 名词/动名词(动词加ing)
No swimming in that lake.(禁止在湖中游泳)
No littering.(禁止乱扔垃圾)
Let’s not型(不让一起做)
“我们不要一起做某事”
Let’s not + 动词原形 + 其他
Let’s not waste paper.(我们不要浪费纸)
Let’s not talk loudly.(我们不要大声说话)
课本对话中的祈使句(原句再现)
Xiao Ya: Come in, please.(请进)
Miss Wang: Don’t put it here. Please put it on that big chair.(不要放在这里,请放在那把大椅子上)
Class slogan: Save water, save our planet!(节约用水,拯救我们的星球!)
练习题
1. 给下列数字加逗号分节,并写出英文表达(课本原句数据)
14200000 → 分节:__________ → 英文:________________________
11350 → 分节:__________ → 英文:________________________
360000000 → 分节:__________ → 英文:________________________
307000000 → 分节:__________ → 英文:________________________
2.单项选择
(1) There are __________ of trees in the forest.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. hundredes D. two hundreds
(2) The number “7,050” is read as __________.
A. seven thousand fifty B. seven thousand and fifty
C. seven thousands fifty D. seven thousands and fifty
(3) About 30 percent of the students __________ from the countryside.
A. is B. are C. am D. be
3.祈使句转换专项
1. 把下列肯定祈使句改为否定形式(三种形式选一种即可)
Save water. → ________________________(提示:Don’t/Never)
Swim in the river. → ________________________(提示:Don’t/No)
Be late for class. → ________________________(提示:Don’t)
Let’s waste paper. → ________________________(提示:Let’s not)
2. 根据中文提示完成祈使句(节水主题,直接套用结构)
__________(关掉)the tap when you brush your teeth.(Do型)
__________(不要扔)litter into the lake.(Don’t型)
__________(收集)rainwater for watering flowers.(Do型)
__________(保持)quiet in the library.(Be型)
__________(禁止)smoking here.(No型)
4.用括号内单词的适当形式或合适的祈使句动词填空
The Qinghai Lake covers about 4,600 __________ (square kilometer).
__________ (not keep) the water running when you wash hands.
Hundreds of __________ (student) take part in the water-saving activity.
About 98 percent of Antarctica __________ (be) covered with ice.
__________ (save) every drop of water, and our planet will be better.
Let’s __________ (make) a poster to tell others about water protection.
5. 小写作:写6句话介绍“我的节水小建议”(要求:① 至少2个祈使句;② 至少1个千位数以上数字;③ 贴合单元主题)
参考答案
1. 答案:
1. 分节:14,200,000 → 英文:fourteen million, two hundred thousand
2. 分节:11,350 → 英文:eleven thousand, three hundred and fifty
3. 分节:360,000,000 → 英文:three hundred and sixty million
4.分节:307,000,000 → 英文:three hundred and seven million
2.答案:(1) B (2) B (3) B
解析:
(1) 后面有of,说明是“成千上万”,hundred要用复数hundreds;A是单数,不能接of;C拼写错误;D前有具体数字two,hundred不能加s,所以选B。
(2) 7,050分节是7,050,读作seven thousand and fifty;A没加and;C、D中thousand前有seven,不能加s,所以选B。
(3) of后是students(复数),谓语动词用are;A用于单数,C用于I,D是原形,所以选B。
3.1. 答案:
1. Don’t save water. / Never save water.(两种都对,Never语气更强)
2. Don’t swim in the river. / No swimming in the river.(两种都对,No型更简洁,适合标识)
3. Don’t be late for class.(Be型否定,Don’t+be+形容词)
4. Let’s not waste paper.(Let’s的否定,直接加not)
2. 答案:
1. Turn off 2. Don’t throw 3. Collect 4. Be 5. No
解析:
1. “关掉”是turn off,Do型祈使句用动词原形开头;
2. “不要扔”是Don’t+throw,否定祈使句固定结构;
3. “收集”是collect,Do型祈使句用动词原形;
4. “保持”是be,Be型祈使句用Be+形容词quiet;
5. “禁止吸烟”是No smoking,No型后接动名词。
4.答案:
1. square kilometers 2. Don’t keep 3. students 4. is 5. Save 6. make
解析:
1. 4,600是复数,kilometer变kilometers,square作定语用原形;
2. 否定祈使句,Don’t+动词原形keep;
3. hundreds of后接复数名词students;
4. of后是Antarctica(南极洲,单数),谓语用is;
5. 肯定祈使句,用动词原形Save开头,呼应节水主题;
6. Let’s后接动词原形make;
5.
1. Water is very important for us, and we only have about 1 percent of fresh water on earth.
2. Don’t keep the tap running when you brush your teeth or wash face.
3. Collect rainwater to water plants in your garden.
4. Let’s tell our family and friends to save water together.
5. Every year, thousands of lakes become dry because of water shortage.
6. Save every drop of water, and our blue planet will be more beautiful.
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