Unit 4 A good read Grammar-Integration 知识点讲义 2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

本初中英语讲义聚焦8B Unit 4 "A good read"，核心涵盖疑问词加动词不定式（作主语、宾语、表语及关键规则）和must与have to的用法区别，衔接19个重点句型，构建从语法基础到情境应用的学习支架。 资料特色在于语法与句型紧密结合，实例贴近生活（如图书馆借阅、书籍出版），通过例题强化理解，助力提升语言能力和思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后帮助学生巩固知识、查漏补缺，培养学习能力。

8B Unit 4 A good read 第3课时 Grammar 1、 疑问词加动词不定式 疑问词加动词不定式是一种在英语中非常常见且实用的语法结构,它将 疑问词 (如 what, where, when, how, which, who, 等)与 动词不定式 (to do)结合,构成一个相当于名词的短语,可在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分,使表达更简洁流畅。 1、 作宾语 (最常见) e.g.I don't know what to do . e.g.I don't know how to write the book. e.g.Kitty cannot decide which to choose first. e.g.Sandy is wondering where to find a book about travel. e.g.Can you tell me how to finish the work ? e.g.They are discussing which book to read first. 2、作主语 e.g. When to start is still a question. e.g. How to learn English well is important. 3、作表语 e.g.The problem is who to ask for help. e.g.The biggest question is what to say at the meeting. e.g.I am not sure who to ask for help. 二、关键用法规则 规则1: what to do 正确,how to do 错误 what 可以作代词,可作动词的宾语,因此 what to do 是完整结构。 how 是副词,只能作状语,不能作宾语,所以 how to do 后必须加宾语 正确: how to do it 错误:how to do 规则2: why 后不接 to do why 后通常接不带 to 的不定式,用于建议或责备。 表示“为什么不做某事”时,用 Why not do...? Why not try again? 三、must和 have to must 和 have to 都表示“必须”,但核心区别在于:前者强调主观必要性,后者强调客观必要性 。 1、核心区别总结 含义侧重不同 must :表达说话人 主观上的义务或必要性 ,源于个人意志、信念或判断。 e.g.I must study harder. have to :表达 外部环境强加的客观要求 ,如规则、法律、事实等迫使不得不做。 e.g.I have to wear a uniform at work. 2、时态与人称变化 must :作为标准情态动词, 没有时态和人称变化 , e.g."I must run away from them."Mike thought. have to :是半情态动词, 有人称和时态的变化 : e.g.John had to pull his hand out of the rope. e.g.She has to go to school from Monday to Friday. 3、否定形式意义完全不同 must not (mustn't) :表示 禁止 ,即“绝对不能做某事”。 e.g.You mustn't smoke here. don't have to :表示 不必要 ,即“可以不做,但做了也不违规”。 e.g.You don't have to come early. 4、疑问句构成方式不同 must :直接前置构成疑问句。 e.g.Must I go now? have to :需借助助动词 do/does/did 构成疑问。 例:Do you have to leave so soon? 1.If you have any problems, I am ready to help.如果你有任何问题,我都乐意帮助。 这是一个由 if 引导的真实条件状语从句 构成的复合句,主句是I am ready to help 知识点1: be ready to do sth :表示“乐意做某事” e.g.My best friend is ready to listen to my problems anytime, even at midnight. 知识点2:any problems 的语用特点 any + 复数可数名词 常用于疑问句和条件句中,表示“任何……” 比 “a problem” 更开放、更包容,传递出“无论大小问题都欢迎提出”的友好态度 类似表达: e.g.If you have any questions,......... 例题:Daniel is very kind and always ready _ others. A. help B. helping C. to help D. to helping 2.When are you going to start? 你打算什么时候开始。 核心句型公式: When + be (am/is/are) + 主语 + going to + 动词原形? 知识点1: be going to do sth :表示打算或将要做...... e.g.I'm going to study English tonight. e.g.Look at those clouds! It's going to rain. 例题1: I _ visit my grandparents this weekend. I’ve already packed my bag. A. am going to B. will C. am D. go 3.I haven't started yet. 我还没有开始。 知识点1:yet 用于否定句/疑问句,句末 e.g.Have you eaten yet ?你已经吃过了吗? e.g.I haven't eaten yet.我还没有吃过。 already 用于肯定句,句中或句末 e.g.I've already eaten. 例题:Has she cleaned her room _? A. already B. just C. yet D. ever 4.We still have plenty of time . 我们仍然有充足的时间。 知识点1:plenty of.... 意为“大量的、充足的”,可修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词(如 time、money、people)。 e.g.plenty of eggs/money/time 知识点2:plenty of = a lot of / lots of 三者均可表示“大量”,但语气略有不同: plenty of 更强调“绰绰有余”,带有积极、宽慰的语气 。 a lot of / lots of 更中性,常用于日常对话。 知识点3: plenty 单独作名词或副词 作名词:We had food and drink in plenty . 作副词:You can be married and still be plenty lonely. 翻译:别担心,我们还有很多时间_ 5.Daniel is good with computers, we plan to meet at the library. 丹尼尔擅长计算机,我们打算在图书馆见面。 知识点1:be good with + 某类事物/人 :表示“擅长处理……”或“在……方面有天赋”。后接名词(人、事物、抽象概念) e.g.She is good with children. 类似表达:be good at 后接动名词(doing)、学科/技能名词 e.g.Marry is good at using computers. 知识点2: plan to do sth :表示“打算做某事” 同义表达:mean to do intend to do e.g.They plan to start the project next week. 例题:My sister wants to be a nurse because she is _ old people. A. good for B. good at C. good with D. good to 6.First of all, you must remember that books in the library are for everyone, so please make sure you take care of them. 首先,你必须记住,图书馆里的书籍是供大家共同使用的,所以请务必爱护它们。 知识点1: First of all, you must remember that... 首先..... 用于引出重要提醒,常见于说明文或规则类文本。 that 引导宾语从句 知识点2:be for someone :表示“是为某人准备的 / 供某人使用的” e.g.These flowers are for my mother. 知识点3: make sure + (that)从句 :确保……(后接完整句子) e.g.Make sure you lock the door before leaving. 知识点4: take care of :照顾,爱护(= look after) e.g.take care of books / children / the environment 例题:Please make sure you _ the library books and return them on time.” A. look after B. take care C. care D. look 7.You must not write in the books or take out any pages. 你禁止在书上写字或取出任何书页 。 这句话是典型的公共管理类警示语,结构清晰、语气强硬,用于明确规范使用者行为。核心语法点在于“must not”这一否定形式,表示 强制禁止 ,比“should not”更具约束力,常用于规章制度中以强调严肃性。 知识点1:write in the books 指在书籍内书写、涂画,常见于图书馆或共享读物场景 知识点2:take out :表示“取出,拿出” e.g.You must not take out any pages from the book. 8.If you want to take a book home, you can just take it to the librarian to check it out. 如果你想把一本书带回家,只需把它交给图书管理员办理借阅手续即可。 这句话是图书馆场景中的常见指引语,语气友好且操作明确,指导读者如何合法地将书籍借出使用。“check it out” 是英语中典型的 借书 表达,专指通过图书管理员或自助系统完成借阅流程,而不是简单地“带走”。 知识点1:条件句型“If you want… you can…”结构 e.g.If you want to borrow a book, you can go to the school library. 知识点2: check it out :办理借阅,是美式英语中非常地道的说法,常见于公共图书馆或学校图书馆 e.g.If you want to take this novel home, you need to check it out at the front desk first. 9.I hope you enjoy using the library. 希望你享受使用图书馆的乐趣 。 知识点1:I hope (that)...... e.g.I hope (that) you are okay. 知识点2:enjoy doing......喜欢/享受做某事 e.g.She enjoys walking in the park. 例题:We all enjoy _ English songs. It helps improve our listening skills. A. Sing B. singing C. to sing D. sings 第4课时 Integration 10.All the British publishing houses were unwilling to publish it. 所有英国出版社都不愿出版这本书 。 知识点1: be unwilling to do sth 不情愿做某事 同义短语:be reluctant to do e.g.She was reluctant to admit she was wrong.. 反义表达: be willing to do sth (愿意做某事) e.g.She is willing to share her favorite books with classmates. 例题:He was unwilling _ about the incident. A. talk B. talking C. to talk D. talked 11.In fact, the books have been translated into over 80 different languages and now they have sold over 500 million copies. 这些书实际上已被翻译成80多种不同的语言,目前销量已超过5亿册。 知识点1: In fact 意为“事实上;实际上”,用于引出客观事实,增强陈述的权威性或纠正误解。 同类表达:actually, as a matter of fact e.g.As a matter of fact, I've never been to the Great Wall before. 知识点2: translate... into... 把...翻译成.... e.g.He translated the letter into English. 例题:If you want to understand the article, you’d better use a tool to help you _ it _ Chinese. A. translate; into B. translate; to C. translation; in D. translating; with 12.If you have not had the chance to read this fantastic series, you must go to the library now. 如果你还没有机会读这个精彩的系列,你现在就必须马上去图书馆! 知识点1:chance to do sth .. 做....的机会 e.g.Please give me a chance to explain. e.g.I had a chance to ride a horse during the camp. 知识点2:条件句类型:真实条件句 结构:If + 主语 + 一般现在时/现在完成时, 主语 + will/shall/must/can + 动词原形 e.g.If it rains, we will stay at home. 例题:She finally got a _ to study abroad after years of hard work. A. chance of going B. chance to go C. chance going D. chance gone 13.It takes hard work before a book reaches its readers. 一本书在到达读者手中之前,需要付出艰辛的努力 知识点1: It takes + 抽象名词 + before... 结构: It takes + 时间/努力/代价 + before + 主语 + 动作 e.g. It takes years of practice before a writer can publish a bestseller. 14.And they may have difficulty getting the book published because publishers can't say for sure whether the book will be successful or not. 而且,他们可能会难以出版这本书,因为出版商无法确定这本书是否会成功。 知识点1:have difficulty (in) doing sth 做某事有困难 e.g.Students often have difficulty understanding grammar rules. 知识点2:whether or not whether...or not 是正式且完整的表达方式,意为“是否”,强调两种可能性的并列。 e.g.I don’t know whether he will come or not . Whether还可以引导让步状语从句,翻译成“无论” e.g.We'll go hiking, whether it rains or not. 知识点3:say for sure 确定地说,强调把握性 e.g. I think it'll rain, but I can't say for sure. 例题1:The editor asked me _ I had finished the final draft _ not. A. if; or B. whether; or C. if; and D. whether; and 例题2:She had great difficulty _ the meaning of the poem, even after reading it several times. A. to understand B. understand C. understanding D. understood 15.They still have to be careful about protecting their copyright. 他们仍然必须小心保护自己的版权。 知识点1: be careful about (doing) sth 对某事/做某事要小心 e.g.You should be careful about sharing personal information online. 例题: You should be careful about _ your personal data online. A. share B. to share C. sharing D. shared 16.This not only causes the writer to lose money but also harms the book industry. 这不仅导致作者蒙受经济损失,而且损害了整个图书产业。 知识点1: not only...but also... 表示“不仅……而且……”,强调后者。 若 not only 置于句首,主句需 部分倒装 (助动词/情态动词等提前)。 e.g.Not only does this cause the writer to lose money, but it also harms the book industry. 知识点2:cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事 / 使某人…… e.g.Piracy causes writers to give up writing. 例题:The loud noise outside _ the baby _ cry. A. caused; crying B. caused; to cry C. made; to cry D. let; to cry 17.As readers, it is important to say no to pirated books. 作为读者,我们应当坚决抵制盗版书籍。 知识点1:say no to + 名词/动名词 坚决拒绝某事物,表达立场和态度。 e.g.As students, we should say no to cheating in exams. 知识点2:pirated 过去分词作定语,表示“盗版的” e.g.Pirated books are usually cheaper than original ones. 例题:We should say no to _ in public places. A. smoke B. smoked C. smoking D. smokes 18.You can borrow three books at a time, but you must return them within a month. 你可以一次借三本书,但必须在一个月内归还。 知识点1:at a time (一次) e.g.I can only handle one task at a time. 知识点2: within a month (在一个月内) 对比: in a month = 一个月后 例题1:You can take two pills _ when you have a headache. A. at a time B. in time C. at the time D. at one time 例题2:You must return the book _ or you’ll be fined. A. after a month B. in a month C. within a month D. at a month 2. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司1 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 19.Though he often gets into trouble with his friends . 他虽然经常和朋友们惹上麻烦 。 知识点1:get into trouble 惹上麻烦 e.g.The little boy got into trouble for drawing on the wall with crayons. 例题:You might _ if you keep ignoring the school rules. A. get into trouble B. get out of trouble C. stay out of trouble D. stay in trouble 学科网(北京)股份有限公司12 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $