专题04 阅读理解（复习讲义）（四川专用）2026年中考英语二轮复习讲练测

专题04 阅读理解（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 细节理解题 考点二 推理判断题 考点三 事件排序题 考点四 词义猜测题 考点五 代词指代题 考点六 主旨大意题 考点七 标题归纳题 考点八 篇章结构题 考点九 写作手法题 考点十 写作目的题 考点十一 文章出处题 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等，考查内容比较广泛。 热考角度 阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化，广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面，也更加体现了时代性和可读性，题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。 命题预测 题材 贴近生活：校园、家庭、健康、运动、劳动、情绪管理 时代热点：AI、航天、乡村振兴、环保、心理健康 本土文化：大熊猫、三星堆、川剧、成都博物馆、川菜 价值导向：公益、志愿、文化自信、正能量 知主题，晓文体：通过看标题、图片并略读全文，知晓文章主题，并大致判断文章体裁。 析题干，知题型：分析题干，确定题目类型，参考“题型巧突破”的解题方法做题。 读原文，比选项：正确选项的表述一定符合文章逻辑或主旨。错误选项多数会利用文中原词进行干扰。 细节理解题 细节理解题考查对文中细节信息的理解，难度通常较低，学生可通过题干关键信息定位到原文内容解题。 1.关键信息定位法 例1 Miss Patty always wanted to do something with her spare time to help the students. After a conversation with one of the students, things took a turn from knitting one hat to knitting more hats. “The one boy gets on the bus, and he goes ‘What are you doing?’ I said,‘I'm making a hat.’ He said, ‘It would be great having such a warm hat in icy winter.’ So I said,‘What color would you like?’ That started everything.” Miss Patty told the local newspaper. 问： What made Miss Patty decide to knit more hats?（ ） A. A drive to Erie County. B. A show of colorful hats. C. A letter in the newspaper. D. A conversation with a boy. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出题干关键信息。 关键信息大致有3类：特殊疑问词，人名、地名、时间等关键名词（短语）与关键动词（短语）。 Step 2 回文定位。 由题干中的knit more hats定位到节选第一段的画线处。文章提到“在和一位学生谈话后”，下文提到学生是个男孩。 Step 3 对比选项。 D选项与原文内容表述相符。 易错提示 细节理解题的选项不一定和定位的原文用词完全一致，有些是同义转述。因此不能仅凭与原文相同的词找答案，更重要的是看原文和选项所表达的意思是否相符。如2024年北京中考题中的一个正确选项“A simple action could bring a long-term effect.”是原文中“a simple action could truly have a lasting influence”的同义转述。 推理判断题 推理判断题在文中没有直接对应的信息，因此需要在理解细节的基础上加以推断或总结。常见问法有“What can we learn/infer（推断） from...?”“Which of the...may the writer agree with?”等。做该类题可借助判断选项正误法，通过比对选项，找出与原文表述意思相符的正确选项。 判断选项正误法 例2 This is the world's first try to bring samples （样本） from the moon's far side. For China, it's the second sample-return moon journey. Chang'e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the Soviet Union（苏联） and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon's near side. ... “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang'e 6（C选项对应的原文） with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community （B选项对应的原文）,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 问：What can we learn from Martin Sweeting's words?（ ） A. Chang'e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang'e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang'e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang'e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出选项中的关键信息。 Step 2 回文定位。 由题干可定位到最后一段。该教授表示，将此次嫦娥六号带回的月球背面样本与之前的月球近侧样本进行对比，对于整个国际社会都有宝贵的科学价值。 Step 3 对比选项与原文。 A选项：文中无对应信息。B选项：与原文内容同义，正确。C选项：原文提到的是嫦娥六号从月球背面采样，并不是从两面都采样。D选项：文中没有提到嫦娥六号在返回之前就对比样本。 事件排序题 事件排序题多出现在记叙文中，要求按事件发生顺序对所给内容进行排序。 匹配定位法 例3 Ed was a professional football player, but in 2017 （c） he had an accident in a swimming pool. After that, he couldn't move his body from the shoulders down. ...He spent six days （b）staring at his toes（脚趾） and trying to make them move—and, finally, he succeeded! This was the start of a long journey. ... Only a year after his accident, （d）Ed climbed the highest mountain in Wales. Since then he has also climbed a 6,500-meter mountain in Nepal and he said that after each big climb he noticed his body could do new movements. Two years later, 31-year-old Ed climbed 8,848.86 meters, the height of the world's highest mountain, （e）by going up and down his parents' stairs 2,783 times. ... Ed hopes his story can help people. That's why （a） he started his own charity, M2M, which aims to support “people facing challenges in life”. Put the events about Ed into the correct order according to the passage.（ ） a. Ed started M2M. b. Ed succeeded in making his toes move. c. Ed had an accident in a swimming pool. d. Ed climbed the highest mountain in Wales. e. Ed climbed his parents' stairs2,783 times. A. c-e-b-d-a B. c-b-d-e-a C. e-a-b-d-c D. e-b-d-c-a 解题步骤： Step 1 画出a、b、c、d、e事件中的关键信息。 名称、数字等信息有助于快速回文定位。 Step 2 回文定位。 根据所列事件，在原文中勾画出对应内容并标记a、b、c、d、e。 Step 3 对比选项。 B选项正确。 词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见的提问方式为“What does the underlined word...in Paragraph...probably mean?” 或“Which word is closest to the meaning of...in paragraph...?”。解答该题型最主要的是关注上下文，需要猜测的词的前后一般会有对应内容帮助理解。 上下文语境推断法 例4 Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better," said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. 问：What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?（ ） A. Expect. B. Create. C. Improve. D. Receive. 例5 And sugar, the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into common people's homes. 问：What does the underlined word “precious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?（ ） A. Valuable and expensive. B. Useful and cheap. C. Special but worthless. D. Simple but priceless. 解题步骤： Step 1 回文定位所猜词。 Step 2 从上下文中找出与生词有逻辑关系或语义关系的关键内容。 逻辑关系：并列关系（and/also/or/...）、对比转折（but/while/however/...）、因果关系（because/so/as/...）、例证关系（for example/such as/like/...）、指代关系（they/it/that/...）等。 语义关系：后文有相关解释内容，如定语、同位语等。 例4 由and可知前后分句为并列关系，都表达大熊猫带来的好处。 例5 “once only...princes”是对“the precious product”的补充说明。糖曾经是皇室专用，说明其价值高。 Step 3 对比选项释义。 例4 C选项符合。 例5 A选项符合。 代词指代题 代词指代题常见的提问方式有“What does the underlined word...in Paragraph...refer to?”。一般考查it/they/that/this等代词的指代对象。代词一般指代上文内容，通常是就近指代；有时代词所在句会对该代词做进一步说明，学生通常可以结合代词所在句和上一句解题。 ◎上句和本句结合法 例6 Two years later, 31-year-old Ed climbed 8, 848. 86 meters, the height of the world's highest mountain, by going up and down his parents' stairs 2,783 times. When he finished, he told a news reporter he had loved it although it sometimes was "painful" and "boring". He also raised f 46,000 for charity. 问：What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?（ ） A. Raising money. B. Doing new movements. C. Visiting parents. D. Going up and down stairs. 解题步骤： Step 1 回文定位代词所在句，细读该句。 although引导的让步状语从句中用painful和boring解释从句中的it，从句中的it与画线词指代同一件事，由此可知画线词指某件没意思且累人的事。 Step 2 细读该句的前一句话，结合代词的单复数，找到代词指代内容。 上一句提到的符合本句描述的事件是上下楼梯这件事。D选项符合。 Step 3 将选项代入原文，通读该句，检查逻辑。 主旨大意题 主旨大意题分为段落主旨和篇章主旨两类。这类题型考查对文章或段落的整体理解，考查是否能抓住文章或段落的主要内容。常见的提问方式有“What is Paragraph...mainly about?”“What's the passage/text mainly about?”“What does the passage/writer mainly tell us?”“What's the main idea of the passage?”。对于主旨大意题，可通过主题句和主题词解题。 1.段落主旨 主题句法（多适用于说明文和议论文） 例7 I who am blind can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be blind.The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow. Smell the flowers, as if tomorrow you could never smell again... But of all the senses, I'm sure that sight must be the most pleasant. 问：What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?（ ） A. A description of different senses. B. A method of living a pleasant life. C. Encouragement to the blind people. D. Advice to people without disabilities. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出并细读段落主题句。 对于多数段落（首段除外）来说，首句一般为该段的主题句。若首句后有but等表转折的词，则该词后面一般为主题句。如果首句为问句，则回答也有可能是主题句。如果是总结性的段落，段落尾句也有可能是主题句。 最后一段首句表明作者在给那些能看见的人提建议。 Step 2 对比选项，找出与主题句表达意思一致的选项。 D选项的Advice是最后一段第一句中suggestion的同义词；D项的people without disabilities与原文的those who see在语义上对应。 2.文章主旨 （1）主题词法（多适用于说明文、议论文和应用文） 例8 [2024安徽]If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. ... If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath（呼吸） and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don't say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual（相互的） understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions（情绪） that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 问：What is the text mainly about?（ ） A. How to manage anger. B. How to show feelings. C. How to deal with regrets. D. How to understand the world. 解题步骤： Step 1 速览全文，找到文章中反复提到的词。 该文章提及最多的词是angry/anger，即全文的主题词。 Step 2 首尾段验证。 读首尾段内容，确定主题。 由首尾段画波浪线的内容可知，该文章讲述的是如何应对自己的愤怒情绪。 Step 3 对比选项，找到含有主题词或其同义词，且符合文章主旨的选项。 A选项提到文章主题词anger，且表述符合文章主旨。 （2）主题句串联法（多适用于说明文和议论文） 例9 Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume（音量） is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells（细胞） inside the ears that help us hear. ... Loud noises can damage（损伤） these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don't grow back. ... That's why it's necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We'd better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. ... To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 问：What's the main idea of the passage?（ ） A. Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B. When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C. After using a headphone, check your ears. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出每段主题句。 Step 2 将各段主题句所表达的意思串联起来，归纳出文章主旨。 Para. 1 耳机可能有危害。 Para. 2 我们是如何听到声音的。 Para. 3 很大的噪声可能会损害耳朵里的细胞。 Para. 4 我们如何保护耳朵？我们用耳机时最好降低音量。 耳机对耳朵可能有伤害，我们使用时需要降低音量。 Step 3 对比选项，找到与主旨意思一致的选项。 B选项符合。 解题提示 所有文章或段落的写作都是围绕主旨/主题呈现内容的。有一些题型的正确选项与主旨表达的意思方向一致，文章/段落主旨可以作为参考。 标题归纳题 标题归纳实际多是考查段落或文章的主旨。有的标题是主旨内容的凝练或高度概括，也有的标题是主旨内容的升华。因此可借助主旨来归纳标题。由于标题简短，做题时需要注意避免“以偏概全”。常见的提问方式有“What is/can be the best/proper title for the passage?”。 主旨判断法/情节梳理法 例10 The silence of the pond（池塘） was broken by the first cry：“Found something!” A swimmer ducked（扎入） into the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat. On a fine Sunday morning in May, a team of 10 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish（OWAUR）, looked for rubbish across Nova Pond in Scotia. When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn't even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic lighter they had found. “We had to ask a young person.” Part protection organization, part social club, OWAUR only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from a moment of Sandy, a retired（退休的） reporter. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan（标语）： “OVER 65, IF YOU'RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IS THE AGE OF ACTION.” Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think. When many people thanked OWAUR for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old women”.“You should call yourselves the Mermaids（美人鱼） Against Underwater Rubbish,” they said. 问：What would be the best title for the passage?（ ） A. A Swimming Club B. A Worrying Pond C. A Ducking Moment D. A Warning Slogan 解题步骤： Step 1 画出文章的关键情节。 Step 2 梳理情节，归纳出主旨。 ①游泳者扎入水下，拿着瓶子出来。 ②一个由10名65岁以上的女性组成的组织，将清除池塘里面的垃圾作为使命。 ③该团队是如何组织起来的。 ④该组织得到人们的高度评价。 文章主要讲述了一群老年女性志愿清理池塘中的垃圾的事情。 Step 3 对比选项，找出最贴近主旨的标题。 对比选项，A选项只提到游泳俱乐部；B选项只提到令人担忧的池塘，较为片面；D选项提到警示标语，文中未体现。C选项“入水时刻”最符合文章主旨，故选C。 篇章结构题 篇章结构题考查学生对文章整体结构和行文逻辑的分析判断能力。记叙文常以时间顺序、故事情节的发展顺序等方式来展开；说明文常采用下定义、举例子、作比较等方法进行说明。 例11 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites（卫星） and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired（赋予灵感） by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang'e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories As you can see, China's first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang'e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover（月球车） was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang'e in the story. These old stories carry people's best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also et ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China's first quantum（量子） science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 问：Which is the right structure of the passage?（ ） （①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 ...） A. B. C. D. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出每段的关键信息。 Para. 1 科学家在给卫星和飞船命名时受到了古代故事和古代著名人物的启发。 Para. 2 使用《嫦娥奔月》的故事命名。 Para. 3 使用《夸父逐日》的故事命名。 Para. 4 使用墨子的名字命名。 Para. 5 我们可以看出传统文化有多么伟大及其对现代科技的影响。 Step 2 划分段落结构（可借助表示逻辑关系的词）。 第1段总述，2、3、4段举例，第5段总结全文。 Step 3 对比选项。 A选项正确，符合“总—分—总”结构。 写作手法题 写作手法题可分为两类，一类是作者如何展开文章的（How does the writer develop the text?），这种题与篇章结构题类似，需要知道每段大意，得出行文逻辑；另一类是问某个段落如何展开或作者如何证明自己的观点的（How does the writer...in Paragraph...?），这类题通常需要先找到段落主题句，再分析段落如何阐明主题的。常见的写作手法有举例子（by giving an example）、作比较（by comparing the facts/differences）、列数字（by listing numbers）、提问题（by asking a question）、下定义（by giving definition）、解释原因（by explaining reasons）、陈述结果（by explaining results）等。 例11 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites（卫星） and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired（赋予灵感） by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang'e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories As you can see, China's first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang'e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover（月球车） was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang'e in the story. These old stories carry people's best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also et ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China's first quantum（量子） science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 问：How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4?（ ） A. By listing numbers. B. By comparing facts. C. By giving an example. D. By reporting a result. 解题步骤： Step 1 找到该段主题句。 例11中第4段的主题句是第1句。 Step 2 细读主题句后面的句子，分析其是如何阐明本段主题的。 由例11中第4段第1句后的For example可知，后面用举例子的方式阐明本段主题。C选项正确。 写作目的题 写作目的题考查作者写这篇文章的目的，做题时需要先明确文章主旨，再理解为什么要呈现该主旨。一般来说，作者会在最后一段强调写作目的。常见的提问方式有“What's the writer's main purpose of/in writing the passage/text?”。 例11 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites（卫星） and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired（赋予灵感） by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang'e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories As you can see, China's first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang'e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover（月球车） was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang'e in the story. These old stories carry people's best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also et ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China's first quantum（量子） science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 问：What's the writer's main purpose of writing the passage?（ ） A. To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B. To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C. To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D. To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. 解题步骤： Step 1 了解文章主旨。 本文主要介绍了中国传统文化对空间科学的影响。 Step 2 细读尾段，关注表达作者观点的句子。 文章最后一段强调了传统文化的伟大及其对现代科技的影响，印证了主旨。D选项符合。 文章出处题 该题型的备选项通常有报告（report）、广告（advertisement）、网站（website）、日记（diary）、旅行指南（travel guide）、小说（novel/fiction）、杂志（magazine）、报纸（newspaper）、新闻（news）、故事（story）等。一般来说，学生可通过文章的写作特点来推测。 （1） （2026·四川泸州·一模）Scientists at Stanford University have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the outside of a house takes in heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature of the building. The new paint, however, is used to reflect the sun’s heat off the outside of the house, which means the inside of the house doesn’t heat up as much as before. Nearly 90% of American households use air conditioning, which requires a lot of electricity. In fact, cooling houses accounts for 6% of all electricity use in the USA and costs Americans a lot a year. Preventing houses from overheating is not only better for the environment but will also lower people’s cost of electricity. There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared (中红外) light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid-infrared light. That’s 10 times more than common paint. The bottom layer of the paint has metal flakes that work like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer has colourful particles (微粒), which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. In addition to cooling a house in hot summer, the paint can also keep a home warm in winter. When it is used on the indoor walls, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, retaining the indoor warmth. Homes are most often heated by using electricity or natural gas to fire boilers, so reducing that need could save people money on their heating cost too. According to the paint’s creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%. 1．What is the purpose of creating special paint? A．To make houses more beautiful. B．To help houses get more sunlight. C．To lower the cost of building houses. D．To stop houses from getting too hot. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Too much waste of electricity in the United States. B．The cost of electricity used by American households. C．The advantages of preventing houses from overheating. D．The popularity of air conditioning in the United States. 3．How much of the sun’s mid-infrared light can common paint reflect? A．8%. B．36%. C．80%. D．90%. 4．Which paragraph describes how the new paint reflects mid-infrared light? A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraph 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 5. 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A．The special paint can help warm up a house in winter. B．The special paint can be used to paint a boiler. C．Few families use electricity or natural gas to fire boilers. D．The special paint doesn’t save people money. （2） （2026·四川泸州·一模）Every June, thousands of cyclists gather in Motala, Sweden, to join in one of the world’s longest and most famous bike races—the Vätternrundan (韦特恩湖绕圈赛). In this event, riders travel 315 km around Lake Vättern, Sweden’s second-largest lake. The race began in 1964, when two Swedes, Sten-Otto Liljedahl and Ewert Rydell, hoped to encourage people to lead healthier lives through cycling. That August, they rode around Lake Vättern for 22 hours in rain and wind. Four others joined them the next year, and by 1966,334 riders took part in what became known as the Vätternrundan. Since then, it has grown every year. Today, almost 25,000 riders from all over the world join in the event. Riders start in waves through the night, with the first group leaving Friday evening and the last setting off around 11:30 a.m. on Saturday. Most spend between 10 and 18 hours on the road, stopping at different rest stations to enjoy traditional Swedish food and connect with other riders. Though the ride is long and challenging, the race is not competitive. There are no prizes for coming first. While some aim to finish quickly, most take their time to enjoy cycling under the beautiful midnight sun. “It’s a great celebration,” says past rider Mattos Rundgren. “Most people are doing it for fun.” For Swedes, the Vätternrundan is a much-loved tradition. People of all ages ride alone, with friends, or even on tandem bikes (双人自行车), some wearing funny clothes. “In Sweden, you can’t call yourself a rider if you haven’t done the Vätternrundan.” said Mattos Rundgren, who completed the event in 2022. 1．Why did Liljedahl and Rydell start the event? A．To create a well-known race. B．To encourage a healthy lifestyle. C．To compete with other events. D．To invite more visitors to Sweden. 2．How does the writer show the development of the race? A．By telling a story. B．By using numbers. C．By describing feelings. D．By making a comparison. 3．What can be learned about the race from paragraph 3? A．Most riders finish fast. B．There are few rest stops. C．Many riders join for fun. D．Riders start at the same time. 4．What do Rundgren’s words show in the last paragraph? A．People enjoy riding with friends. B．Experienced riders are respected. C．Funny clothes are required to join. D．The race is highly praised by Swedes. 5．In which part of a newspaper can we probably find the text? A．Sport. B．Art. C．Technology. D．Environment. （3） （2025·四川绵阳·模拟预测）Your behavior today could affect your brain activity in two weeks’ time, new study suggests. These findings have great importance for our mental health as well as our attention, thinking and memory. Our behavior and our brains are closely connected. And yet, most studies only offer a single snapshot of the connections between the two. “We know little about the response of brain functional connections to environmental and behavioral changes on different time periods, from days to months, ” said Triana, a professor from Aalto University. To study these effects, Triana and her workmates studied their own brain activity and behavior over a five-month period using a mix of brain scans, wearable devices and their smartphones. “We studied brain activity using FMRI (功能性磁共振成像), sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart ring, heart rates using a smartwatch, and mood using surveys done on their smartphones, ” Triana said. Triana’s brain was scanned twice a week, followed by data from mood surveys. The team found two different brain patterns caused by certain behaviors: a short-term wave lasting less than a week and a long-term wave lasting up to 15 days. The short-term wave was quick responses to a behavior, like struggling to focus after a poor night’s sleep. Meanwhile, the long-term wave suggests more gradual, lasting effects of a particular behavior. These were particularly obvious in areas of the brain tied to attention and memory. In other words, a workout or restless night from two weeks ago could still be affecting you—positively or negatively—today. While this study only shows the brain activity of one person, the researchers hope that it shows the importance of studying brain activity based on our wider lifestyle and behavior, rather than a single snapshot in the lab. “This research is important because it provides a more overall picture of brain function, stressing the long-term effect of everyday behaviour on brain health, ” Triana said. 1．What did the study find about our behaviour today? A．It is good for our memory. B．It affects your mind for a long time. C．It shows the importance of thinking. D．It is closely connected with our experience. 2．What does the underlined word “snapshot” mean in Paragraph 2? A．A full picture. B．A positive report. C．A good chance. D．A brief introduction. 3．How did the researchers carry out the study? A．By asking questions. B．By recording heartbeats C．By using modern technology. D．By observing sleep patterns. 4．What is the disadvantage of the study? A．Only Triana’s brain was studied. B．The study time was not long enough. C．The study was only completed in the lab. D．The findings needed to be further proved. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To share a new discovery. B．To introduce the brain activities. C．To draw our attention to our behavior. D．To teach us to keep our brain healthy. （4） （2026·四川达州·模拟预测）AI, short for artificial intelligence, plays an important part in space technology. Today we talk about its great use in space satellite management (卫星管理). AI helps satellites work well and brings much convenience to scientists on the earth. First, AI helps satellites keep working in a safe way. Satellites fly far in space and may face bad space weather or small stones. AI watches the satellites’ running state all the time. It finds small problems quickly before they turn into big dangers and fixes some simple problems by itself at once. This makes satellites run more safely and avoids unnecessary losses for scientists. Second, AI helps satellites collect and deal with useful data (数据) better. Satellites take many pictures of the earth and space every day and get lots of information about the weather, land and stars. AI can sort out the useful data fast from the huge information and pick out what scientists really need. It also sends the important data to the earth quickly, so scientists can study it in time and make right decisions. What’s more, AI helps control satellites to save energy. Satellites carry limited energy when going into space. AI can plan the satellites’ work time and adjust (调整) their direction smartly. It makes satellites use energy in a more efficient way, so they can work longer in space and serve us better for more years. AI is truly a great helper in space satellite management. It makes satellites work more safely, faster and more efficiently. With AI’s help, we can know more about the earth and space, and space technology will develop faster and better in the future. 1．How does AI help keep satellites safe in space? A．It stops satellites from collecting space data. B．It helps satellites work with other machines. C．It leads satellites to the earth when there is danger. D．It watches running state and fixes simple problems. 2．What does the underlined phrase “sort out” in paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．放弃 B．错失 C．分类 D．避开 3．What can AI do to help satellites save energy? A．It carries more energy to satellites from the earth. B．It plans work time and adjusts satellites’ direction. C．It makes satellites work day and night without rest. D．It asks scientists to control satellites all the time. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．AI can’t help scientists make right decisions. B．AI will take the place of scientists in the future. C．Satellites don’t need AI’s help to work well. D．Satellites can work better in space with AI’s help. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? (①= paragraph 1, ②= paragraph 2…) A．B． C． D． （5） （2026·四川凉山·模拟预测）Friendship is one of the most wonderful parts of human life. Friends share your happiness with you as you make achievements. When you feel blue, they will be the sunshine to warm your heart and bring you laughter. With its international importance, the theme of friendship is quite popular in both Chinese and Western literature. Let’s appreciate the following two poems. Farewell to Prefect DuBy Wang BoYou leave the town walled far and wide For mist-veiled land by riverside. I feel on parting sad and drear, For both of us are strangers here. If you have friends who know your heart, Distance cannot keep you apart, At crossroads where we bid adieu, Do not shed tears as women do! Translated by Xu Yuanchong A Time To TalkBy Robert FrostWhen a friend calls me from the road And slows his horse to a meaningful walk, I don’t stand still and look around On all the hills I haven’t hoed, And shout from where I am, “What is it?” No, not as there is a time to talk. I thrust my hoe into the mellow ground, Blade-end up and five feet tall, And plod: I go up to the stone wall For a friendly visit. Word bank farewell (告别) hoe (锄头) blade-end (刀刃端) plod (慢走) 1．Who translated the poem Farewell to Prefect Du? A．Wang Bo. B．Xu Yuanchong. C．Robert Frost. 2．Which person might feel blue in the following situation? A．Betty’s friend, who has moved to Chengdu, came to visit her. B．Tony still failed the really important test after staying up late for weeks. C．Helen got the opportunity to welcome Macron as a student of Sichuan University. 3．What scene does “A Time to Talk” mainly describe? A．A farmer stopping work to meet a friend. B．A traveler calling out to a stranger. C．A teacher finishing his task on the hills. 4．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．History study. B．International news. C．Cultural communication. 5．What do the two poems have in common about the theme of friendship? A．Both express the value of true friendship. B．Both show the importance of trust. C．Both describe distance can keep friends apart. （6） （25-26九年级上·四川成都·期末）At first, like most Brazilian students, I saw English only as a school subject. But when I went to a high school, I started taking it much more seriously. So I attended English learning programs. A few months later, I noticed a clear improvement in my English. Still, achieving fluency felt like a faraway goal, which made me feel upset. However, motivation (动机) was the key to facing this challenge. I knew that something—from doing well in school now to going further in the future—depended on English. This understanding drove me to study harder. While motivation got me started, good habits kept me going. Every week, I set some small and achievable tasks, such as learning new words. Flashcards quickly became my favorite tool for review. I also made sure to spare 15 to 20 minutes each day for spoken English practice. I slowly realized that learning a new language doesn’t end when class is over—it is a continuous process. To improve faster, I lost myself in English as much as possible. For example, I watched English TV shows and cartoons over and over. At first, I couldn’t understand everything, but over time, my listening skills and vocabulary improved a lot. I’ve also learned different learning methods, such as playing word games and reading funny stories. These methods make learning fun and efficient (效率高的). ________, I can confidently say that learning a new language is challenging, but if you keep going, you will make it. 1．What is the right order of the writer’s attitudes to English in Paragraph 1? ①better    ②serious    ③not special    ④upset A．①②③④. B．③②①④. C．②①③④. 2．What are the main topics of Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．Motivation and good habits. B．Challenges and flashcards. C．Jobs and spoken English. 3．How does the writer introduce the ways to improve faster in Paragraph 4? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. 4．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．To begin with B．On the one hand C．Looking back 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The writer’s English learning programs. B．The writer’s experience of learning English. C．The writer’s favorite TV shows and stories. （1） English lessons at a Shanghai middle school have transformed into learning adventures. Instead of traditional textbooks and blackboards, students use virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) technology and have interactive conversations with an AI character to explore language and culture. In one lesson, learners meet “Hannah”, a virtual French teenager worried about a New Year’s Eve dinner in China—she doesn’t know local traditions or basic rules. Their main task is to talk to her in English: offer useful advice, share cultural tips, and help her deal with “culture shock”. As they interact, students naturally practice conversational sentences while learning about Chinese customs. The high-tech experience doesn’t stop here. The classroom has VR headsets that take students to vivid, simulated (仿真的) environments. When they put on the devices, they feel like stepping into a busy international food festival, surrounded by food stalls. They can observe foods closely, listen to native speakers’ introductions, and “interact” with virtual sellers which makes vocabulary memorization far easier than repetition. “This isn’t just about memorizing textbook words,” said an English teacher. “It’s about using language in real-life situations. Students are more interested because they’re truly helping someone and exploring the world firsthand, not just taking in information inactively.” This creative use of technology shows how AI and VR can create powerful and fun learning experiences. It helps students practice English conversation naturally, build cultural understanding, and makes the classroom a gateway to the wider world. 1．What is the main task of students in the English lesson with “Hannah”? A．To help Hannah by talking in English. B．To teach Hannah to make French food. C．To tell Hannah about Chinese New Year. D．To talk to Hannah in French and give her advice. 2．What CAN’T students do when they put on the VR devices in the English lesson? A．Take a close look at foods. B．Have talks with a real French girl. C．Communicate with virtual sellers. D．Listen to native speakers’ introductions. 3．What does the underlined word “inactively” probably mean? A．In a very careful way. B．In a really happy way. C．Without doing much by themselves. D．Without doing things very carefully. 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．These English lessons are just the same as traditional ones. B．Students in these English lessons only quietly receive information. C．The use of AI and VR makes English learning more powerful and enjoyable. D．The creative use of technology can’t help students build cultural understanding. 5．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To explain French dinner customs. B．To show how technology helps learning. C．To teach students new English words. D．To ask schools to buy VR headsets for their students. （2） China is home to tea and has a long history of tea culture. As time goes by, the tea culture has developed greatly. In the Tang Dynasty, people not only drank tea, but also ate the tea leaves. That was why tasting tea was called “tea-eating”. In the Song Dynasty, the way people drank tea became romantic and was full of art. In the Ming Dynasty, tasting tea returned to its true nature of “drinking tea”. People put dry tea leaves in the cup and then poured boiled water into it before drinking. And in the Qing Dynasty, the tea culture finally came into common families. Drinking tea became part of their daily life. At the same time, there were more tea houses. Nowadays, making tea around a stove (围炉煮茶) has become popular among young people. This is a special way of drinking tea. Many young people like to choose a quiet and comfortable environment to make tea. While boiling tea, there must be delicate and tasty snacks like small oranges and sweet potatoes on the charcoal (炭) stove, satisfying people’s eyes and mouth. And beautiful cups and teapots would bring them more pleasure in mind. What they enjoy are art, the spiritual world and the deep Chinese tea culture. Away from their busy work and life, they feel calm and peaceful in mind. In fact, people began to make tea around a stove in ancient times. Traditionally, about the art of making tea, the most important part is the types of tea, water quality, the control of fire, the choices of tea tools, and the skills of brewing (煮茶). In some ways, the art of making tea is a kind of communication between tea and people. As time passes by, Chinese tea culture continues to develop. Modern tea culture has mixed traditional and modern art and life, showing a more open and colorful culture. 1．When did people not only drink tea but also eat the tea leaves? A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty. C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In the Qing Dynasty. 2．What does the underlined word “delicate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Boring. B．Attractive. C．Awful. D．Large. 3．Why is making tea around a stove popular with modern young people? A．Because they enjoy calm and peace in mind. B．Because they can stay together with families. C．Because they like eating oranges and potatoes. D．Because they want to return to the ancient times. 4．What can we infer from the passage about the art of making tea? A．It only depends on the quality of water and tea leaves. B．It has no connection with the traditional tea culture at all. C．It is a way to build a bridge between people and tea. D．It is easier to learn for modern young people than for ancient people. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The types of the tea leaves. B．The environments of drinking tea. C．The future of the tea culture. D．The development of the tea culture. （3） Some people worry that AI tools are making language learning less necessary. More and more people use simple, free tools — not just to translate text, but also to help with speaking. These apps have a conversation way: you talk into your phone, and soon you hear a spoken translation. Other people are not so worried. Most people don’t move to another country, and they don’t have regular (规律的) connections with foreign cultures that would make them work hard to speak a language well. When they go on holiday, they just want to buy a beer and spaghetti without any trouble. Douglas Hofstadter, who knows many languages well, says that something important will be lost when people talk through machines. He talked about giving a difficult speech in Chinese—he made mistakes, and it took a lot of effort. But in the end, he felt satisfied. As AI translation becomes a more popular tool to save time and effort, people can be divided into two groups. One group wants to challenge their minds, learn about other cultures, or make their thinking more active. They will still study languages, and often use technology to help. The other group looks at learning a new language with both respect and confusion. It’s like how some might see hard long-distance sports: “Good for you if you like that, but it seems too tiring for me.” But if we only think about the learner, we forget that language is basically social. It’s a bit like talking about how close relationships are good for your heart — but ignoring (忽略) how valuable those relationships are on their own. When you try to ask for directions in simple Italian, or tell a joke badly in German, you are talking directly to someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with good timing, or explain small differences in an argument, that connection becomes even stronger. The best relationships don’t need something (like AI) in between. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Talking through apps makes life easy. B．AI helps people learn cultures better. C．Using apps is getting more popular. D．AI tools influence language learning. 2．What does Douglas mainly express? A．He supports learning with AI. B．He prefers traditional learning ways. C．He feels satisfied when speaking Chinese. D．He doubts the effort of learning languages. 3．What might the second group in paragraph 3 do? A．Give up learning new languages. B．Take language learning actively. C．Trust self-ability rather than AI. D．Try to do long-distance sports. 4．How does the writer make his point clear in the last paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By comparing opinions. C．By listing reasons. D．By giving suggestions. 5．Which of the following might the writer agree with? A．Arguments can make relationships stronger. B．Different languages carry different cultures. C．Learning languages has great social value. D．AI translators are about to be used commonly. （4） 13-year-old Sarah sits in her yard, laying out her handmade crafts (手工制品) on the table. There are baskets, flower pots, and cloth bags—all made from recycled materials. They are not just creative objects; they’re part of Sarah’s project to make a greener community. Two years ago, Sarah would pass by a park near her house every day after school. Plastic bottles, empty cans, and broken toys littered the roadside. Seeing this, Sarah felt sad. One afternoon, Sarah noticed some kids selling orange juice at the park. People stopped to buy it. That was when Sarah got an idea. “Mom, what if we sell handmade crafts?” she asked excitedly that evening. “Then we can buy trees for our neighborhood with the money!” With her mom’s help, Sarah started making crafts with great interest, using old boxes, plastic bottles and empty cans. Every day after school, she sat in her yard, waiting for customers. At first, no one came. Sarah felt down, but she didn’t give up. Later, people began to stop by. A kind woman bought a cloth bag, saying it was perfect for shopping. Kids liked the flower pots, and one boy even asked Sarah to make him a special basket for his toys. By the end of the first month, Sarah had made $150! She bought 30 small trees. Together with her parents, they planted the trees around the park and along the sidewalks. Now, the neighborhood looks nicer, and the birds have more places to rest. Sarah even teaches her friends how to make eco-friendly (环保的) crafts after school. They organize sales every month to raise money for new projects like bird feeders. This year, Sarah shared her story at a local community event. “Making a greener community is important,” she said proudly. “If everyone helps a little, we can make our life better.” She believes that no effort is too small when it comes to caring for the environment. 1．What did Sarah sell to make money? A．Small trees. B．Orange juice. C．Plastic bottles. D．Handmade crafts. 2．Look at the mind map. Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．sad; sharing her story B．afraid; feeding birds C．bored; caring for nature D．nervous; recycling old boxes 3．What can you learn from Sarah’s words in the last paragraph? A．Doing is better than saying. B．Great hopes make great men. C．The first step is the only difficulty. D．Small actions can make a difference. 4．Which of the following can best describe Sarah? A．Kind and humorous. B．Creative and helpful. C．Strict and friendly. D．Quiet and honest. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Girl’s Dream Job B．A Community Park C．A Girl’s Green Project D．An Eco-friendly Habit （5） Have you ever found yourself in a classroom, seen a classmate yawn (打哈欠), and suddenly felt like yawning too? This common phenomenon (现象) doesn’t lie only among humans—even babies and animals like dogs and cats experience it. So what causes this behavior? Firstly, yawning helps our bodies get more oxygen1. Our brains need lots of oxygen to work well. When we’re tired or sit still for a long time (like during a story time), we breathe slowly. Slow breathing means less oxygen goes into our blood. Our brains notice this and say, “We need more air!” Then—yawn! We open our mouths wide, take a big breath and pull in fresh oxygen. It also pushes out old air that our body doesn’t need. It’s like pressing a “start-again” button for your body. ★ That means if you see someone yawn, you might yawn too! Why? Scientists think this might be a way we connect with each other. Long ago, when people lived in groups, yawning could say, “Let’s rest together!” or “Wake up—we need to stay safe!” Today, it still makes us feel close to others. If your best friend yawns, your yawning back is like saying, “I’m with you!” However, unlike popular belief, yawning is not only caused by sleepiness. It can also take place during moments of boredom, such as waiting in line or surprisingly, when expecting exciting events like a birthday party or an important sports match. In these situations, a yawn may help prepare the body for upcoming changes in activity or stress levels. So the next time you yawn, don’t feel shy! Regard it as your body’s smart way to stay healthy. And if you see someone else yawn, go ahead and feel free to join in—it’s a harmless, shared biological experience.Note 1为化学元素氧，对应分子式为O2。 1．How does yawning help our bodies? A．It takes in less oxygen. B．It presses a new button. C．It improves air exchange. D．It forces the brain to work. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Secondly, yawning helps make friends. B．In fact, yawning has a historical cause. C．Also, yawning is highly catching. D．No doubt that copying is human nature. 3．According to paragraph 4, in what situation can you most probably yawn? A．Reading an interesting novel. B．Taking part in a birthday party. C．Taking an important exam. D．Waiting at the railway station. 4．What BIG question does the passage answer? A．Is yawning a healthy habit? B．Why do we yawn? C．How should we yawn? D．Can we yawn together? 5．How does the author develop the passage? A．Question→Reasons→Suggestion B．Problem→Causes→Solution C．Doubt→Opinions→Fact D．Phenomenon→Guesses→Nature （6） In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass before planting seeds in the soil. The robots are named Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom is the first of the three clever robots to start working. He watches the crops carefully and collects the information about each plant. He can create a short introduction to each plant and even make decisions on what chemicals are needed for your crops. Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. Plants that are good for the crops are left. He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy. Harry is a planter. He digs holes into the field and puts seeds into the ground, and records where he puts them. If a seed doesn’t grow, he can easily travel there and plants a new seed. The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals. “We have to change farming now, or else there won’t be anything to farm,” says Small Robot. 1．What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A．They are huge. B．They work in a field. C．They can plant seeds. D．They come from America. 2．Which may be used by Dick? A． B． C． D． 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The harm that chemicals cause. B．The cost farmers spend on farming. C．A famous company that produces robots. D．The advantages that the farming robots bring. 4．What is the structure for the passage? A．B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Living a Modern Life B．The Changes on Farming C．Protecting the Plants D．The History of Robots （7） ①You can’t see them with your eyes, but they are everywhere in our world—microorganisms (微生物). They live in the air we breathe, the soil under our feet, and even the food on our plates. Microorganisms are tiny living things. Many people mistakenly think all of them are harmful because some of them cause colds or food sickness, and make food bad. But in fact, most are our small but powerful helpers. ②Microorganisms play a key role in making delicious local foods. For example, the delicious yogurt you often have for breakfast is produced with special bacteria (细菌). These bacteria turn milk into thick yogurt that’s good for our health. Besides, pickled vegetables (泡菜), a favorite dish of many families, also depend on microorganisms. They not only keep the vegetables fresh for a long time but also add a special sour taste that makes the dish more delicious. ③Microorganisms also work hard for the environment. They live in the forest soil and break down fallen leaves and old plants. Through this process, they turn these waste materials into valuable nutrients (营养物). These nutrients make the soil rich, which is why trees in local forests can grow tall and strong. ④What’s more, they help us make medicine and even clean polluted water. For example, some microorganisms can make things that kill bad bacteria in our bodies. They are used to make medicine that treats illnesses like a sore throat. Also, microorganisms can break down the harmful things in dirty water and turn it into clean water that is safe for people and animals. This makes our environment much healthier and cleaner. ⑤Next time you see a yogurt cup or a forest floor covered with leaves, remember: there’s a hidden world of something tiny working hard. 1．What can we learn about microorganisms in the first paragraph? A．They’re not living things. B．They only live in the soil. C．They are tiny but helpful. D．They can be seen with eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．Many families B．Pickled vegetables C．Microorganisms D．Special dishes 3．How do microorganisms help us? ①make delicious food    ②prevent colds    ③make medicine ④make the soil rich    ⑤cause food sickness A．①③④ B．①②⑤ C．②③④ D．③④⑤ 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how microorganisms work. B．To advise people to use microorganisms. C．To introduce good uses of microorganisms. D．To tell the differences between microorganisms. （8） ①Rural (农村的) students in China have grown taller and stronger on average (平均) over the past ten years thanks to a nutrition (营养) improvement plan providing daily nutritious lunches to rural primary and middle school students, according to the Ministry of Education. ②Based on surveys of students in some 700 counties during the past 10 years,13-year-old boys have seen the most growth in height and weight, with an average height of 7.5 centimeters taller and an average added weight of 6.6 kilograms from 2012 to 2021. Twelve-year-old girl students who experienced the most growth had added an average of 6.3 cm in height and 5.8 kg in weight in 2021 compared to average levels by 2012. ③The survey found the growth retardation (生长发育迟缓) rate of students aged 6 to 15 dropped to 2.3 percent in 2021, down by 5.7 percentage points from 2012. While the obesity rate of rural students reached 18.7 percent last year, it was 7.8 percentage points lower than the national average. But some students are still overweight. The surveys also found that rural students have more chances to get meat, vegetables and milk products, and more schools have built their own canteens (食堂). ④Li Ming is the principal of Daping Primary School in Xiji County in Ningxia. He said that in the past there was no canteen in the school and it was not very convenient for students to have lunch. Since 10 years ago, students have been able to enjoy nutritious meals at school and as a result, they have grown taller and healthier, he told People’s Daily. ⑤At the No.11 Primary School in Tongren City, Guizhou Province, the school canteen displays daily lunch menus, which include three dishes, a soup, a piece of fruit and milk. The province has started its nutrition improvement plan to make sure students can eat healthier and more nutritious meals at school. 1．According to the passage, rural students have grown taller and stronger because of ________. A．enough exercise B．meals cooked by their parents C．working hard at lessons D．nutritiou improvement plan 2．What do Paragraphs 2 and 3 talk about? A．The result of the surveys. B．The differences of the surveys. C．The ways to do the surveys. D．The importance of the surveys. 3．The purpose of taking two schools for example is ________. A．to praise their headmasters B．to show the nutrition improvement C．to explain the importance of school meals D．to express thanks for the teacher 4．What is the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．School daily lunch menus include three dishes. B．The growth retardation rate of students has dropped. C．Healthier school meals help rural students grow. D．More rural schools have built their own canteens. （9） Have you ever looked up at the stars? Do you want to know more about them? A big telescope (望远镜) in China may help you explore them well. It is called the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope  (500米口径球面射电望远镜), or FAST for short. Because it is so large and powerful, people often call it China’s “Sky Eye”. Dr. Jiang Peng has always loved watching the stars. After graduating, he made an important decision to join the FAST project. He now serves as its head engineer. When Jiang first learned about it, he was amazed by its huge size and difficult challenges. “I have always been interested in space and other planets since I was little, and I love solving difficult problems,” Jiang said. He believes that building big dreams requires both passion (热情) and hard work. Jiang and his team had to connect thousands of steel cables (电缆) perfectly. “No one had done this task before; there wasn’t even a precedent of failure to learn from and every step felt like walking on thin ice,” said Jiang. But he never gave up, all driven by his passion for exploration. He worked with his team for years, and in 2016, FAST was finally completed. Jiang hopes that more young people can study astronomy (天文学) in school. He thinks learning about space will help students understand science better. For example, the way stars shine for billions of years teaches us about balance in nature. He suggests adding astronomy to geography classes and calls it “Earth and Astronomical Sciences”. He also wants experts to help write clear and interesting textbooks for students. Now, it’s time for the next generation (一代人) to carry forward this love for the stars. 1．According to paragraph 1, what information can we get? A．We are all interested in stars. B．FAST is so big and powerful. C．“Sky Eye” is the biggest telescope. D．We know the stars very well. 2．Jiang Peng joined the FAST project because he ________. A．needed a job after graduating B．was asked by his team to join C．enjoyed difficult challenges D．wanted to be a famous scientist 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “precedent” in paragraph 3? A．Excuse. B．Example. C．Method. D．Secret. 4．What can we infer from Jiang Peng’s suggestion about school classes? A．Fun activities make science learning more enjoyable. B．Geography is more important than astronomy in school. C．The school science education is enough for the students. D．Learning about space is good for students’ science studies. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Dream Built with Love B．A Task Filled with Difficulty C．An Expert in Astronomy D．A Tool for Exploring the Universe （10） ①Have you ever seen a wooden barrel (桶)? It is made of many wooden pieces held together by metal rings. The Wooden Barrel Effect, also called the “Cask Effect”, is a famous idea that comes from watching how a barrel works. ②Think about a barrel with wooden pieces of different lengths. Some pieces are long, but one piece is very short. When you fill this barrel with water, what will happen? The water will rise until it reaches the top of the shortest piece. Then it will begin to leak out (漏出). No matter how long the other pieces are, the barrel can never hold more water than the shortest piece allows. ③The effect teaches us something important. In a team, the weakest part often decides success. For example, in a basketball team, if one player keeps missing passes, the whole team may lose games. The team’s performance is limited by its weakest member. ④This also works for personal growth. Each of us has strengths and weaknesses. Our weaknesses are like the short piece. To make progress, we should find our “short pieces” and improve them. For instance, a student who may do well in math but struggles with English needs to devote more time and energy to improving his English skills. ⑤However, there is another way to think about it. Sometimes, instead of fixing the short piece, we can change how we use the barrel. We can tilt it so that water flows to the longer pieces. This means we can make good use of our strengths while managing our weaknesses. ⑥In short, the Wooden Barrel Effect reminds us that success needs balance. Whether in teamwork or personal development, we should focus on weaknesses while making the most of our strengths. 1．What decides how much water a barrel can hold? A．The longest piece of the barrel. B．The total number of pieces. C．The shortest piece of the barrel. D．The average length of all pieces. 2．According to Paragraph 4, what is a student supposed to do if he is weak in English? A．To spend more time and energy improving English. B．To only focus on subjects he is good at or interested in. C．To give up studying English and work on math instead. D．To ask teachers to give easier homework to avoid hard work. 3．What does the underlined word “tilt” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Keep…off. B．Turn…around. C．Lift…up on one side. D．Fill…up. 4．What can we infer from Paragraph 5 about dealing with weaknesses? A．Fixing weaknesses is always the perfect choice. B．Weaknesses will disappear if we don’t focus on them. C．Strengths become weaker when we focus on weaknesses. D．Success can be achieved by making full use of our strengths. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①②③/④⑤/⑥B．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ C．①/②③/④⑤⑥ D．①②/③④/⑤/⑥ 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 阅读理解（复习讲义） 目 录 01 析·考情目标 02 筑·专题框架 03 攻·重难考点 真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨 考点一 细节理解题 考点二 推理判断题 考点三 事件排序题 考点四 词义猜测题 考点五 代词指代题 考点六 主旨大意题 考点七 标题归纳题 考点八 篇章结构题 考点九 写作手法题 考点十 写作目的题 考点十一 文章出处题 04 测·预测闯关 命题透视 阅读理解主要考查考生通过阅读短文获取一定信息的能力。近几年的中考试题考查的文体多为记叙文、说明文、应用文等，考查内容比较广泛。 热考角度 阅读理解的文章在体裁方面也越来越多样化，广告、图表等应用文是近年来中考试题的新体裁；在内容方面，也更加体现了时代性和可读性，题材包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等方面。 命题预测 题材 贴近生活：校园、家庭、健康、运动、劳动、情绪管理 时代热点：AI、航天、乡村振兴、环保、心理健康 本土文化：大熊猫、三星堆、川剧、成都博物馆、川菜 价值导向：公益、志愿、文化自信、正能量 知主题，晓文体：通过看标题、图片并略读全文，知晓文章主题，并大致判断文章体裁。 析题干，知题型：分析题干，确定题目类型，参考“题型巧突破”的解题方法做题。 读原文，比选项：正确选项的表述一定符合文章逻辑或主旨。错误选项多数会利用文中原词进行干扰。 细节理解题 细节理解题考查对文中细节信息的理解，难度通常较低，学生可通过题干关键信息定位到原文内容解题。 1.关键信息定位法 例1 Miss Patty always wanted to do something with her spare time to help the students. After a conversation with one of the students, things took a turn from knitting one hat to knitting more hats. “The one boy gets on the bus, and he goes ‘What are you doing?’ I said,‘I'm making a hat.’ He said, ‘It would be great having such a warm hat in icy winter.’ So I said,‘What color would you like?’ That started everything.” Miss Patty told the local newspaper. 问： What made Miss Patty decide to knit more hats?（ ） A. A drive to Erie County. B. A show of colorful hats. C. A letter in the newspaper. D. A conversation with a boy. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出题干关键信息。 关键信息大致有3类：特殊疑问词，人名、地名、时间等关键名词（短语）与关键动词（短语）。 Step 2 回文定位。 由题干中的knit more hats定位到节选第一段的画线处。文章提到“在和一位学生谈话后”，下文提到学生是个男孩。 Step 3 对比选项。 D选项与原文内容表述相符。 易错提示 细节理解题的选项不一定和定位的原文用词完全一致，有些是同义转述。因此不能仅凭与原文相同的词找答案，更重要的是看原文和选项所表达的意思是否相符。如2024年北京中考题中的一个正确选项“A simple action could bring a long-term effect.”是原文中“a simple action could truly have a lasting influence”的同义转述。 推理判断题 推理判断题在文中没有直接对应的信息，因此需要在理解细节的基础上加以推断或总结。常见问法有“What can we learn/infer（推断） from...?”“Which of the...may the writer agree with?”等。做该类题可借助判断选项正误法，通过比对选项，找出与原文表述意思相符的正确选项。 判断选项正误法 例2 This is the world's first try to bring samples （样本） from the moon's far side. For China, it's the second sample-return moon journey. Chang'e 5 successfully brought samples from the moon in the winter of 2020. Up to now, 10 moon sample-return tasks have been carried out by the United States, the Soviet Union（苏联） and China, but all these samples were collected from the moon's near side. ... “Comparing the make-up of the far side samples from Chang'e 6（C选项对应的原文） with those collected from the near side will be of great scientific value to the international community （B选项对应的原文）,” said Martin Sweeting, a famous professor of space engineering. 问：What can we learn from Martin Sweeting's words?（ ） A. Chang'e 6 will stay longer on the moon for more tasks. B. Chang'e 6 is carrying out a valuable task for the world. C. Chang'e 6 will bring samples from both sides of the moon. D. Chang'e 6 can compare samples before bringing them back. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出选项中的关键信息。 Step 2 回文定位。 由题干可定位到最后一段。该教授表示，将此次嫦娥六号带回的月球背面样本与之前的月球近侧样本进行对比，对于整个国际社会都有宝贵的科学价值。 Step 3 对比选项与原文。 A选项：文中无对应信息。B选项：与原文内容同义，正确。C选项：原文提到的是嫦娥六号从月球背面采样，并不是从两面都采样。D选项：文中没有提到嫦娥六号在返回之前就对比样本。 事件排序题 事件排序题多出现在记叙文中，要求按事件发生顺序对所给内容进行排序。 匹配定位法 例3 Ed was a professional football player, but in 2017 （c） he had an accident in a swimming pool. After that, he couldn't move his body from the shoulders down. ...He spent six days （b）staring at his toes（脚趾） and trying to make them move—and, finally, he succeeded! This was the start of a long journey. ... Only a year after his accident, （d）Ed climbed the highest mountain in Wales. Since then he has also climbed a 6,500-meter mountain in Nepal and he said that after each big climb he noticed his body could do new movements. Two years later, 31-year-old Ed climbed 8,848.86 meters, the height of the world's highest mountain, （e）by going up and down his parents' stairs 2,783 times. ... Ed hopes his story can help people. That's why （a） he started his own charity, M2M, which aims to support “people facing challenges in life”. Put the events about Ed into the correct order according to the passage.（ ） a. Ed started M2M. b. Ed succeeded in making his toes move. c. Ed had an accident in a swimming pool. d. Ed climbed the highest mountain in Wales. e. Ed climbed his parents' stairs2,783 times. A. c-e-b-d-a B. c-b-d-e-a C. e-a-b-d-c D. e-b-d-c-a 解题步骤： Step 1 画出a、b、c、d、e事件中的关键信息。 名称、数字等信息有助于快速回文定位。 Step 2 回文定位。 根据所列事件，在原文中勾画出对应内容并标记a、b、c、d、e。 Step 3 对比选项。 B选项正确。 词义猜测题 词义猜测题常见的提问方式为“What does the underlined word...in Paragraph...probably mean?” 或“Which word is closest to the meaning of...in paragraph...?”。解答该题型最主要的是关注上下文，需要猜测的词的前后一般会有对应内容帮助理解。 上下文语境推断法 例4 Giant pandas will facilitate communication between peoples and let people around the world know China better," said Li, the leader of the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. 问：What does the underlined word “facilitate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?（ ） A. Expect. B. Create. C. Improve. D. Receive. 例5 And sugar, the precious product once only served to the emperors and princes, also went into common people's homes. 问：What does the underlined word “precious” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?（ ） A. Valuable and expensive. B. Useful and cheap. C. Special but worthless. D. Simple but priceless. 解题步骤： Step 1 回文定位所猜词。 Step 2 从上下文中找出与生词有逻辑关系或语义关系的关键内容。 逻辑关系：并列关系（and/also/or/...）、对比转折（but/while/however/...）、因果关系（because/so/as/...）、例证关系（for example/such as/like/...）、指代关系（they/it/that/...）等。 语义关系：后文有相关解释内容，如定语、同位语等。 例4 由and可知前后分句为并列关系，都表达大熊猫带来的好处。 例5 “once only...princes”是对“the precious product”的补充说明。糖曾经是皇室专用，说明其价值高。 Step 3 对比选项释义。 例4 C选项符合。 例5 A选项符合。 代词指代题 代词指代题常见的提问方式有“What does the underlined word...in Paragraph...refer to?”。一般考查it/they/that/this等代词的指代对象。代词一般指代上文内容，通常是就近指代；有时代词所在句会对该代词做进一步说明，学生通常可以结合代词所在句和上一句解题。 ◎上句和本句结合法 例6 Two years later, 31-year-old Ed climbed 8, 848. 86 meters, the height of the world's highest mountain, by going up and down his parents' stairs 2,783 times. When he finished, he told a news reporter he had loved it although it sometimes was "painful" and "boring". He also raised f 46,000 for charity. 问：What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 refer to?（ ） A. Raising money. B. Doing new movements. C. Visiting parents. D. Going up and down stairs. 解题步骤： Step 1 回文定位代词所在句，细读该句。 although引导的让步状语从句中用painful和boring解释从句中的it，从句中的it与画线词指代同一件事，由此可知画线词指某件没意思且累人的事。 Step 2 细读该句的前一句话，结合代词的单复数，找到代词指代内容。 上一句提到的符合本句描述的事件是上下楼梯这件事。D选项符合。 Step 3 将选项代入原文，通读该句，检查逻辑。 主旨大意题 主旨大意题分为段落主旨和篇章主旨两类。这类题型考查对文章或段落的整体理解，考查是否能抓住文章或段落的主要内容。常见的提问方式有“What is Paragraph...mainly about?”“What's the passage/text mainly about?”“What does the passage/writer mainly tell us?”“What's the main idea of the passage?”。对于主旨大意题，可通过主题句和主题词解题。 1.段落主旨 主题句法（多适用于说明文和议论文） 例7 I who am blind can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if tomorrow you would be blind.The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow. Smell the flowers, as if tomorrow you could never smell again... But of all the senses, I'm sure that sight must be the most pleasant. 问：What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?（ ） A. A description of different senses. B. A method of living a pleasant life. C. Encouragement to the blind people. D. Advice to people without disabilities. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出并细读段落主题句。 对于多数段落（首段除外）来说，首句一般为该段的主题句。若首句后有but等表转折的词，则该词后面一般为主题句。如果首句为问句，则回答也有可能是主题句。如果是总结性的段落，段落尾句也有可能是主题句。 最后一段首句表明作者在给那些能看见的人提建议。 Step 2 对比选项，找出与主题句表达意思一致的选项。 D选项的Advice是最后一段第一句中suggestion的同义词；D项的people without disabilities与原文的those who see在语义上对应。 2.文章主旨 （1）主题词法（多适用于说明文、议论文和应用文） 例8 [2024安徽]If you get angry many times in a day, it is time for you to think about how to deal with it. Here are some of my suggestions. When you are angry, try to tell yourself through another voice that you are angry and that it is not a bad thing. It just shows that you have different ideas. Accept that many things are not 100% right or wrong. ... If you still feel strong anger, try taking a deep breath（呼吸） and let anger out of your body along with the breath. Don't say angry words when you are very angry, for you will regret saying them when you cool down. Discussing with a third party is helpful. It is hard for the two parties in anger to understand each other, but the idea of an outsider can help both parties to get mutual（相互的） understanding. Anger is just one of the many emotions（情绪） that make us human, and to well manage it adds to our ability to truly understand the world. 问：What is the text mainly about?（ ） A. How to manage anger. B. How to show feelings. C. How to deal with regrets. D. How to understand the world. 解题步骤： Step 1 速览全文，找到文章中反复提到的词。 该文章提及最多的词是angry/anger，即全文的主题词。 Step 2 首尾段验证。 读首尾段内容，确定主题。 由首尾段画波浪线的内容可知，该文章讲述的是如何应对自己的愤怒情绪。 Step 3 对比选项，找到含有主题词或其同义词，且符合文章主旨的选项。 A选项提到文章主题词anger，且表述符合文章主旨。 （2）主题句串联法（多适用于说明文和议论文） 例9 Headphones are helpful. Many kids use them. But headphones can be harmful, too. They can cause hearing loss if the volume（音量） is too loud. Studies show that one out of every ten kids in the United States has some hearing loss. The cause is loud noise. Do you know how we hear? There are cells（细胞） inside the ears that help us hear. ... Loud noises can damage（损伤） these cells. And once the cells are damaged, they don't grow back. ... That's why it's necessary to protect our ears. How can we protect our ears? We'd better keep the volume low when we use our headphones. ... To protect our ears, keep our headphones at about half volume. 问：What's the main idea of the passage?（ ） A. Before listening to music, choose a good headphone. B. When using a headphone, keep the volume low. C. After using a headphone, check your ears. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出每段主题句。 Step 2 将各段主题句所表达的意思串联起来，归纳出文章主旨。 Para. 1 耳机可能有危害。 Para. 2 我们是如何听到声音的。 Para. 3 很大的噪声可能会损害耳朵里的细胞。 Para. 4 我们如何保护耳朵？我们用耳机时最好降低音量。 耳机对耳朵可能有伤害，我们使用时需要降低音量。 Step 3 对比选项，找到与主旨意思一致的选项。 B选项符合。 解题提示 所有文章或段落的写作都是围绕主旨/主题呈现内容的。有一些题型的正确选项与主旨表达的意思方向一致，文章/段落主旨可以作为参考。 标题归纳题 标题归纳实际多是考查段落或文章的主旨。有的标题是主旨内容的凝练或高度概括，也有的标题是主旨内容的升华。因此可借助主旨来归纳标题。由于标题简短，做题时需要注意避免“以偏概全”。常见的提问方式有“What is/can be the best/proper title for the passage?”。 主旨判断法/情节梳理法 例10 The silence of the pond（池塘） was broken by the first cry：“Found something!” A swimmer ducked（扎入） into the water with a lifeline connected to a boat. Soon, she appeared, holding a bright blue glass bottle. It was passed to another, then into the boat. On a fine Sunday morning in May, a team of 10 women over 65 years old, known as the Old Women Against Underwater Rubbish（OWAUR）, looked for rubbish across Nova Pond in Scotia. When the team returned, they joked about the trip. “We didn't even know what it was,” one swimmer said with a laugh, showing an electronic lighter they had found. “We had to ask a young person.” Part protection organization, part social club, OWAUR only accepted old women as its members. To improve the conditions of the ponds, the group made it its mission to take rubbish away from them. The idea of this group was from a moment of Sandy, a retired（退休的） reporter. As a lifelong nature lover, she liked swimming in ponds. However, the world of the pond, which was a little polluted, made her anxious. Then she came up with a slogan（标语）： “OVER 65, IF YOU'RE HEALTHY ENOUGH, IS THE AGE OF ACTION.” Soon many people joined her. They found a sense of wonder at the pond clean-up moments. And their team could do a lot more than people might think. When many people thanked OWAUR for what they had done, some questioned why they called themselves “old women”.“You should call yourselves the Mermaids（美人鱼） Against Underwater Rubbish,” they said. 问：What would be the best title for the passage?（ ） A. A Swimming Club B. A Worrying Pond C. A Ducking Moment D. A Warning Slogan 解题步骤： Step 1 画出文章的关键情节。 Step 2 梳理情节，归纳出主旨。 ①游泳者扎入水下，拿着瓶子出来。 ②一个由10名65岁以上的女性组成的组织，将清除池塘里面的垃圾作为使命。 ③该团队是如何组织起来的。 ④该组织得到人们的高度评价。 文章主要讲述了一群老年女性志愿清理池塘中的垃圾的事情。 Step 3 对比选项，找出最贴近主旨的标题。 对比选项，A选项只提到游泳俱乐部；B选项只提到令人担忧的池塘，较为片面；D选项提到警示标语，文中未体现。C选项“入水时刻”最符合文章主旨，故选C。 篇章结构题 篇章结构题考查学生对文章整体结构和行文逻辑的分析判断能力。记叙文常以时间顺序、故事情节的发展顺序等方式来展开；说明文常采用下定义、举例子、作比较等方法进行说明。 例11 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites（卫星） and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired（赋予灵感） by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang'e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories As you can see, China's first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang'e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover（月球车） was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang'e in the story. These old stories carry people's best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also et ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China's first quantum（量子） science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 问：Which is the right structure of the passage?（ ） （①=Paragraph 1 ②=Paragraph 2 ...） A. B. C. D. 解题步骤： Step 1 画出每段的关键信息。 Para. 1 科学家在给卫星和飞船命名时受到了古代故事和古代著名人物的启发。 Para. 2 使用《嫦娥奔月》的故事命名。 Para. 3 使用《夸父逐日》的故事命名。 Para. 4 使用墨子的名字命名。 Para. 5 我们可以看出传统文化有多么伟大及其对现代科技的影响。 Step 2 划分段落结构（可借助表示逻辑关系的词）。 第1段总述，2、3、4段举例，第5段总结全文。 Step 3 对比选项。 A选项正确，符合“总—分—总”结构。 写作手法题 写作手法题可分为两类，一类是作者如何展开文章的（How does the writer develop the text?），这种题与篇章结构题类似，需要知道每段大意，得出行文逻辑；另一类是问某个段落如何展开或作者如何证明自己的观点的（How does the writer...in Paragraph...?），这类题通常需要先找到段落主题句，再分析段落如何阐明主题的。常见的写作手法有举例子（by giving an example）、作比较（by comparing the facts/differences）、列数字（by listing numbers）、提问题（by asking a question）、下定义（by giving definition）、解释原因（by explaining reasons）、陈述结果（by explaining results）等。 例11 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites（卫星） and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired（赋予灵感） by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang'e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories As you can see, China's first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang'e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover（月球车） was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang'e in the story. These old stories carry people's best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also et ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China's first quantum（量子） science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 问：How does the writer support his opinion in Paragraph 4?（ ） A. By listing numbers. B. By comparing facts. C. By giving an example. D. By reporting a result. 解题步骤： Step 1 找到该段主题句。 例11中第4段的主题句是第1句。 Step 2 细读主题句后面的句子，分析其是如何阐明本段主题的。 由例11中第4段第1句后的For example可知，后面用举例子的方式阐明本段主题。C选项正确。 写作目的题 写作目的题考查作者写这篇文章的目的，做题时需要先明确文章主旨，再理解为什么要呈现该主旨。一般来说，作者会在最后一段强调写作目的。常见的提问方式有“What's the writer's main purpose of/in writing the passage/text?”。 例11 So far, China has successfully sent a large number of satellites（卫星） and spaceships into space. Space scientists have been greatly inspired（赋予灵感） by the old stories and ancient famous people when giving them names. Since thousands of years ago, Chinese people have dreamed of going to the moon. Chang'e Flies to the Moon is one of the most popular stories As you can see, China's first man-made satellite to circle around the moon was named Chang'e-1. More interestingly, the moon rover（月球车） was named after the Jade Rabbit, who is the partner of Chang'e in the story. These old stories carry people's best wishes and dreams. With the development of science and technology, our scientists have made them come true. Kua Fu Runs After the Sun is another story to show how much ancient Chinese people wanted to know about the unknown world. Now, Kua Fu is going with the scientists to “visit” the sun, because we have a space project called KuaFu Mission. Besides the ancient stories, space scientists also et ideas from ancient famous people. For example, Mozi, an ancient scientist, discovered that light travels in a straight line over 2,000 years ago. His discovery made space study take a big step at that time. So, China's first quantum（量子） science satellite was named Mozi, making China the first country in the world to achieve quantum communication between satellites and the ground. From such simple things as giving names to the satellites, we can see how great our traditional culture is and what influence it has on our modern science and technology. 问：What's the writer's main purpose of writing the passage?（ ） A. To spread the traditional Chinese culture. B. To explain how our scientists develop the space industry. C. To introduce the achievements in our science and technology. D. To tell how traditional Chinese culture influences our space science. 解题步骤： Step 1 了解文章主旨。 本文主要介绍了中国传统文化对空间科学的影响。 Step 2 细读尾段，关注表达作者观点的句子。 文章最后一段强调了传统文化的伟大及其对现代科技的影响，印证了主旨。D选项符合。 文章出处题 该题型的备选项通常有报告（report）、广告（advertisement）、网站（website）、日记（diary）、旅行指南（travel guide）、小说（novel/fiction）、杂志（magazine）、报纸（newspaper）、新闻（news）、故事（story）等。一般来说，学生可通过文章的写作特点来推测。 （1） （2026·四川泸州·一模）Scientists at Stanford University have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating. Normally, the outside of a house takes in heat from the sun, which raises the indoor temperature of the building. The new paint, however, is used to reflect the sun’s heat off the outside of the house, which means the inside of the house doesn’t heat up as much as before. Nearly 90% of American households use air conditioning, which requires a lot of electricity. In fact, cooling houses accounts for 6% of all electricity use in the USA and costs Americans a lot a year. Preventing houses from overheating is not only better for the environment but will also lower people’s cost of electricity. There are other types of reflective paint, but the new one is the first to focus on mid-infrared (中红外) light, which is a type of light that the human eye cannot see. The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid-infrared light. That’s 10 times more than common paint. The bottom layer of the paint has metal flakes that work like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer has colourful particles (微粒), which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red or yellow. The paint is waterproof and works well in different weather conditions. In addition to cooling a house in hot summer, the paint can also keep a home warm in winter. When it is used on the indoor walls, it reflects the mid-infrared light back into the room, retaining the indoor warmth. Homes are most often heated by using electricity or natural gas to fire boilers, so reducing that need could save people money on their heating cost too. According to the paint’s creators, using it can reduce the amount of energy it takes to cool a house by nearly 21%. In cold conditions, it can cut the energy needed to warm a room by 36%. 1．What is the purpose of creating special paint? A．To make houses more beautiful. B．To help houses get more sunlight. C．To lower the cost of building houses. D．To stop houses from getting too hot. 2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．Too much waste of electricity in the United States. B．The cost of electricity used by American households. C．The advantages of preventing houses from overheating. D．The popularity of air conditioning in the United States. 3．How much of the sun’s mid-infrared light can common paint reflect? A．8%. B．36%. C．80%. D．90%. 4．Which paragraph describes how the new paint reflects mid-infrared light? A．Paragraph 2. B．Paragraph 3. C．Paragraph 4. D．Paragraph 5. 5．What can we learn from Paragraph 5? A．The special paint can help warm up a house in winter. B．The special paint can be used to paint a boiler. C．Few families use electricity or natural gas to fire boilers. D．The special paint doesn’t save people money. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了斯坦福大学科学家研发的特殊涂料，能通过反射太阳中红外光防止房屋过热，也可在冬季帮助房屋保暖，还具有彩色、防水、适应不同天气等特点，能显著降低冷暖房屋的能耗与成本。 1．细节理解题。根据“Scientists at Stanford University have developed special paint that offers a simple, colourful, and clever way to prevent houses from overheating.”可知，这种特殊涂料的目的是防止房子过热。故选D。 2．段落大意题。根据“Preventing houses from overheating is not only better for the environment but will also lower people’s cost of electricity.”可知，防止房子过热不仅对环境更好，还会降低人们的电费成本；即第二段是介绍防止房子过热的好处。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据“The special paint works by reflecting up to 80% of the sun’s mid-infrared light. That’s 10 times more than common paint.”可知，特殊涂料能反射80%的中红外光，是普通涂料的10倍，所以普通涂料能反射8%。故选A。 4．段落大意题。根据“The bottom layer of the paint has metal flakes that work like a mirror to reflect mid-infrared light. The top layer has colourful particles (微粒), which make the paint blue, green, orange, purple, red or yellow.”可知，涂料的底层含有金属薄片，其作用类似镜子，能反射中红外光；顶层则有彩色微粒，这些微粒使涂料呈现出蓝色、绿色、橙色、紫色、红色或黄色。即第四段描述了新涂料如何反射中红外光。故选C。 5．细节理解题。根据“In addition to cooling a house in hot summer, the paint can also keep a home warm in winter. ”可知，这种特殊涂料在冬天能帮助房子保暖。故选A。 （2） （2026·四川泸州·一模）Every June, thousands of cyclists gather in Motala, Sweden, to join in one of the world’s longest and most famous bike races—the Vätternrundan (韦特恩湖绕圈赛). In this event, riders travel 315 km around Lake Vättern, Sweden’s second-largest lake. The race began in 1964, when two Swedes, Sten-Otto Liljedahl and Ewert Rydell, hoped to encourage people to lead healthier lives through cycling. That August, they rode around Lake Vättern for 22 hours in rain and wind. Four others joined them the next year, and by 1966,334 riders took part in what became known as the Vätternrundan. Since then, it has grown every year. Today, almost 25,000 riders from all over the world join in the event. Riders start in waves through the night, with the first group leaving Friday evening and the last setting off around 11:30 a.m. on Saturday. Most spend between 10 and 18 hours on the road, stopping at different rest stations to enjoy traditional Swedish food and connect with other riders. Though the ride is long and challenging, the race is not competitive. There are no prizes for coming first. While some aim to finish quickly, most take their time to enjoy cycling under the beautiful midnight sun. “It’s a great celebration,” says past rider Mattos Rundgren. “Most people are doing it for fun.” For Swedes, the Vätternrundan is a much-loved tradition. People of all ages ride alone, with friends, or even on tandem bikes (双人自行车), some wearing funny clothes. “In Sweden, you can’t call yourself a rider if you haven’t done the Vätternrundan.” said Mattos Rundgren, who completed the event in 2022. 1．Why did Liljedahl and Rydell start the event? A．To create a well-known race. B．To encourage a healthy lifestyle. C．To compete with other events. D．To invite more visitors to Sweden. 2．How does the writer show the development of the race? A．By telling a story. B．By using numbers. C．By describing feelings. D．By making a comparison. 3．What can be learned about the race from paragraph 3? A．Most riders finish fast. B．There are few rest stops. C．Many riders join for fun. D．Riders start at the same time. 4．What do Rundgren’s words show in the last paragraph? A．People enjoy riding with friends. B．Experienced riders are respected. C．Funny clothes are required to join. D．The race is highly praised by Swedes. 5．In which part of a newspaper can we probably find the text? A．Sport. B．Art. C．Technology. D．Environment. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了瑞典著名的非竞技性自行车赛事——韦特恩湖绕圈赛的起源、发展、活动特点及其在瑞典人心中的重要地位。 1．细节理解题。根据“The race began in 1964, when two Swedes, Sten-Otto Liljedahl and Ewert Rydell, hoped to encourage people to lead healthier lives through cycling.”可知，Liljedahl and Rydell创办这项赛事的目的是鼓励人们通过骑行过上更健康的生活。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据“ Four others joined them the next year, and by 1966,334 riders took part in what became known as the Vätternrundan. Since then, it has grown every year. Today, almost 25,000 riders from all over the world join in the event.”可知，作者通过列举这些逐年增长的数字来清晰地展现比赛的发展。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据“Riders start in waves through the night, with the first group leaving Friday evening and the last setting off around 11:30 a.m. on Saturday. ”可知参赛者的出发时间不一样；根据“ There are no prizes for coming first. ”可知这项赛事没有给第一名的奖品；根据“While some aim to finish quickly, most take their time to enjoy cycling under the beautiful midnight sun.”可知多数人会花时间在美丽的午夜阳光下享受骑行，即大多数人是为了乐趣而参加的。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据“In Sweden, you can’t call yourself a rider if you haven’t done the Vätternrundan.”可知，Rundgren的话旨在强调这项赛事在瑞典骑手心中的崇高地位和受到的极高评价。故选D。 5．推理判断题。根据文章可知，文章围绕一项历史悠久、参与人数众多的著名自行车赛事展开，详细介绍了其起源、发展和活动特色，这属于体育运动的范畴。故选A。 （3） （2025·四川绵阳·模拟预测）Your behavior today could affect your brain activity in two weeks’ time, new study suggests. These findings have great importance for our mental health as well as our attention, thinking and memory. Our behavior and our brains are closely connected. And yet, most studies only offer a single snapshot of the connections between the two. “We know little about the response of brain functional connections to environmental and behavioral changes on different time periods, from days to months, ” said Triana, a professor from Aalto University. To study these effects, Triana and her workmates studied their own brain activity and behavior over a five-month period using a mix of brain scans, wearable devices and their smartphones. “We studied brain activity using FMRI (功能性磁共振成像), sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart ring, heart rates using a smartwatch, and mood using surveys done on their smartphones, ” Triana said. Triana’s brain was scanned twice a week, followed by data from mood surveys. The team found two different brain patterns caused by certain behaviors: a short-term wave lasting less than a week and a long-term wave lasting up to 15 days. The short-term wave was quick responses to a behavior, like struggling to focus after a poor night’s sleep. Meanwhile, the long-term wave suggests more gradual, lasting effects of a particular behavior. These were particularly obvious in areas of the brain tied to attention and memory. In other words, a workout or restless night from two weeks ago could still be affecting you—positively or negatively—today. While this study only shows the brain activity of one person, the researchers hope that it shows the importance of studying brain activity based on our wider lifestyle and behavior, rather than a single snapshot in the lab. “This research is important because it provides a more overall picture of brain function, stressing the long-term effect of everyday behaviour on brain health, ” Triana said. 1．What did the study find about our behaviour today? A．It is good for our memory. B．It affects your mind for a long time. C．It shows the importance of thinking. D．It is closely connected with our experience. 2．What does the underlined word “snapshot” mean in Paragraph 2? A．A full picture. B．A positive report. C．A good chance. D．A brief introduction. 3．How did the researchers carry out the study? A．By asking questions. B．By recording heartbeats C．By using modern technology. D．By observing sleep patterns. 4．What is the disadvantage of the study? A．Only Triana’s brain was studied. B．The study time was not long enough. C．The study was only completed in the lab. D．The findings needed to be further proved. 5．What is the purpose of the text? A．To share a new discovery. B．To introduce the brain activities. C．To draw our attention to our behavior. D．To teach us to keep our brain healthy. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．A 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了一项新研究，该研究发现如今的行为可能会在两周后影响大脑活动，还阐述了研究的开展方式、局限性及意义。 1．细节理解题。根据“Your behavior today could affect your brain activity in two weeks’ time, new study suggests.”可知，如今的行为可能会在两周后影响大脑活动，即会对人的心智产生长期影响。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据“And yet, most of studies only offer a single snapshot of the connections between the two. ‘We know little about the response of brain functional connection to environmental and behavioral changes on different time periods, from days to months’”可知，大多数研究只提供了行为和大脑之间联系的单一情况，人们对不同时间段内大脑功能连接对环境和行为变化的反应了解甚少，由此可推测“snapshot”意为“简要介绍、快照式呈现”。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据“To study these effects, Triana and her workmates studied their own brain activity and behavior over a five-month period using a mix of brain scans, wearable devices and their smartphones. ‘We studied brain activity using FMRI (功能性磁共振成像), sleep and physical activity patterns using a smart-ring, heart rates using a smartwatch, and mood using surveys done on their smartphone’”可知，研究人员运用了功能性磁共振成像、智能戒指、智能手表、智能手机等现代技术开展研究。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“While this study only shows the brain activity of one person”可知，这项研究的不足之处是只研究了一个人的大脑活动。故选A。 5．主旨大意题。文章开篇就点明“Your behavior today could affect your brain activity in two weeks’ time, new study suggests.”这一核心发现，随后围绕研究背景、研究方法、研究结果及局限性展开，整体目的是分享这项新发现。故选A。 （4） （2026·四川达州·模拟预测）AI, short for artificial intelligence, plays an important part in space technology. Today we talk about its great use in space satellite management (卫星管理). AI helps satellites work well and brings much convenience to scientists on the earth. First, AI helps satellites keep working in a safe way. Satellites fly far in space and may face bad space weather or small stones. AI watches the satellites’ running state all the time. It finds small problems quickly before they turn into big dangers and fixes some simple problems by itself at once. This makes satellites run more safely and avoids unnecessary losses for scientists. Second, AI helps satellites collect and deal with useful data (数据) better. Satellites take many pictures of the earth and space every day and get lots of information about the weather, land and stars. AI can sort out the useful data fast from the huge information and pick out what scientists really need. It also sends the important data to the earth quickly, so scientists can study it in time and make right decisions. What’s more, AI helps control satellites to save energy. Satellites carry limited energy when going into space. AI can plan the satellites’ work time and adjust (调整) their direction smartly. It makes satellites use energy in a more efficient way, so they can work longer in space and serve us better for more years. AI is truly a great helper in space satellite management. It makes satellites work more safely, faster and more efficiently. With AI’s help, we can know more about the earth and space, and space technology will develop faster and better in the future. 1．How does AI help keep satellites safe in space? A．It stops satellites from collecting space data. B．It helps satellites work with other machines. C．It leads satellites to the earth when there is danger. D．It watches running state and fixes simple problems. 2．What does the underlined phrase “sort out” in paragraph 3 mean in Chinese? A．放弃 B．错失 C．分类 D．避开 3．What can AI do to help satellites save energy? A．It carries more energy to satellites from the earth. B．It plans work time and adjusts satellites’ direction. C．It makes satellites work day and night without rest. D．It asks scientists to control satellites all the time. 4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A．AI can’t help scientists make right decisions. B．AI will take the place of scientists in the future. C．Satellites don’t need AI’s help to work well. D．Satellites can work better in space with AI’s help. 5．What’s the structure of the passage? (①= paragraph 1, ②= paragraph 2…) A．B． C． D． 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了人工智能在太空卫星管理方面的巨大作用，包括帮助卫星安全运行、更好地收集和处理有用数据以及帮助卫星节省能源等。 1．第二段提到：“AI watches the satellites’ running state all the time. It finds small problems quickly before they turn into big dangers and fixes some simple problems by itself at once.”，这直接说明人工智能通过监视卫星的运行状态并立即修复一些简单问题来帮助保持卫星在太空中的安全。 2．第三段提到：“AI can sort out the useful data fast from the huge information and pick out what scientists really need.”，根据语境可知，人工智能能够从海量信息中快速找出有用的数据，并挑选出科学家真正需要的数据，所以“sort out”在此处的意思是“分类”。 3．第四段提到：“AI can plan the satellites’ work time and adjust (调整) their direction smartly. It makes satellites use energy in a more efficient way, so they can work longer in space and serve us better for more years.”，这直接说明人工智能通过规划卫星的工作时间和智能调整其方向来帮助卫星节省能源。 4．最后一段提到：“AI is truly a great helper in space satellite management. It makes satellites work more safely, faster and more efficiently. With AI’s help, we can know more about the earth and space, and space technology will develop faster and better in the future.”，这直接说明在人工智能的帮助下，卫星在太空中能更好地工作。 5．第一段总体介绍了人工智能在太空卫星管理方面的巨大作用；第二、三、四段分别从帮助卫星安全运行、更好地收集和处理有用数据以及帮助卫星节省能源三个方面具体阐述了人工智能在太空卫星管理方面的作用；第五段总结全文，再次强调人工智能是太空卫星管理中的好帮手，并展望了未来。所以文章结构为①/②③④/⑤。 （5） （2026·四川凉山·模拟预测）Friendship is one of the most wonderful parts of human life. Friends share your happiness with you as you make achievements. When you feel blue, they will be the sunshine to warm your heart and bring you laughter. With its international importance, the theme of friendship is quite popular in both Chinese and Western literature. Let’s appreciate the following two poems. Farewell to Prefect DuBy Wang BoYou leave the town walled far and wide For mist-veiled land by riverside. I feel on parting sad and drear, For both of us are strangers here. If you have friends who know your heart, Distance cannot keep you apart, At crossroads where we bid adieu, Do not shed tears as women do! Translated by Xu Yuanchong A Time To TalkBy Robert FrostWhen a friend calls me from the road And slows his horse to a meaningful walk, I don’t stand still and look around On all the hills I haven’t hoed, And shout from where I am, “What is it?” No, not as there is a time to talk. I thrust my hoe into the mellow ground, Blade-end up and five feet tall, And plod: I go up to the stone wall For a friendly visit. Word bank farewell (告别) hoe (锄头) blade-end (刀刃端) plod (慢走) 1．Who translated the poem Farewell to Prefect Du? A．Wang Bo. B．Xu Yuanchong. C．Robert Frost. 2．Which person might feel blue in the following situation? A．Betty’s friend, who has moved to Chengdu, came to visit her. B．Tony still failed the really important test after staying up late for weeks. C．Helen got the opportunity to welcome Macron as a student of Sichuan University. 3．What scene does “A Time to Talk” mainly describe? A．A farmer stopping work to meet a friend. B．A traveler calling out to a stranger. C．A teacher finishing his task on the hills. 4．Which part of a magazine is the passage probably taken from? A．History study. B．International news. C．Cultural communication. 5．What do the two poems have in common about the theme of friendship? A．Both express the value of true friendship. B．Both show the importance of trust. C．Both describe distance can keep friends apart. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．A 【导语】本文通过介绍中国唐代诗人王勃的《送杜少府之任蜀州》和美国诗人罗伯特·弗罗斯特的《交谈的时刻》两首诗歌，展现中西方文学中对友谊主题的不同表达方式，强调真挚友谊能跨越距离、值得珍惜，并体现友谊在不同文化中的共通价值。 1．细节理解题。根据“Farewell to Prefect Du... Translated by Xu Yuanchong”可知，《送杜少府之任蜀州》的译者是许渊冲。故选B. 2．推理判断题。根据“when you feel blue, they will be the sunshine to warm your heart”可知，当你情绪低落时，他们将会是温暖你心灵的阳光，故“feel blue”指“情绪低落”，Tony在熬夜多周后仍未能通过重要考试，最可能感到沮丧难过。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“I thrust my hoe into the mellow ground... For a friendly visit”可知，诗人描述的是放下农活去与朋友相见的情景。故选A。 4．推理判断题。本文围绕友谊这一主题，介绍并赏析了中西方诗歌，属于文化范畴，因此最可能选自杂志的“文化交流”板块。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据“With its international importance, the theme of friendship is quite popular in both Chinese and Western literature. Let’s appreciate the following two poems.”以及两首诗歌的内容可知，两首诗歌分别表达了“海内存知己，天涯若比邻”的真挚情谊和放下忙碌、珍惜相聚的友情观，共同体现了真情的价值。故选A。 （6） （25-26九年级上·四川成都·期末）At first, like most Brazilian students, I saw English only as a school subject. But when I went to a high school, I started taking it much more seriously. So I attended English learning programs. A few months later, I noticed a clear improvement in my English. Still, achieving fluency felt like a faraway goal, which made me feel upset. However, motivation (动机) was the key to facing this challenge. I knew that something—from doing well in school now to going further in the future—depended on English. This understanding drove me to study harder. While motivation got me started, good habits kept me going. Every week, I set some small and achievable tasks, such as learning new words. Flashcards quickly became my favorite tool for review. I also made sure to spare 15 to 20 minutes each day for spoken English practice. I slowly realized that learning a new language doesn’t end when class is over—it is a continuous process. To improve faster, I lost myself in English as much as possible. For example, I watched English TV shows and cartoons over and over. At first, I couldn’t understand everything, but over time, my listening skills and vocabulary improved a lot. I’ve also learned different learning methods, such as playing word games and reading funny stories. These methods make learning fun and efficient (效率高的). ________, I can confidently say that learning a new language is challenging, but if you keep going, you will make it. 1．What is the right order of the writer’s attitudes to English in Paragraph 1? ①better    ②serious    ③not special    ④upset A．①②③④. B．③②①④. C．②①③④. 2．What are the main topics of Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3? A．Motivation and good habits. B．Challenges and flashcards. C．Jobs and spoken English. 3．How does the writer introduce the ways to improve faster in Paragraph 4? A．By asking questions. B．By listing numbers. C．By giving examples. 4．Which of the following can be put in “________”? A．To begin with B．On the one hand C．Looking back 5．What is the passage mainly about? A．The writer’s English learning programs. B．The writer’s experience of learning English. C．The writer’s favorite TV shows and stories. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，作者分享了自己学习英语的经历，包括态度从轻视到重视的转变、动机的作用、良好习惯的养成以及通过沉浸式方法加速提高的过程。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段可知，起初作者视英语为普通科目（not special），接着变得认真（serious），后来开始有进步（better），最后感到沮丧（upset）。故态度变化顺序为③→②→①→④。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段首句“However, motivation was the key to facing this challenge.”可知该段主题为动机；根据第三段首句“While motivation got me started, good habits kept me going.”可知该段主题为良好习惯。因此两段主要话题是“动机和好习惯”。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“To improve faster, I lost myself in English as much as possible. For example, I watched English TV shows and cartoons...”可知，作者通过列举具体事例（如看英文节目、玩游戏、读故事）来介绍加速提高的方法。故选C。 4．推理判断题。空白处位于最后一段开头，需承接全文。前文回顾学习历程，最后总结“学习新语言具有挑战性，但坚持就会成功”，因此此处应表示回顾总结。“Looking back”（回顾过去）符合语境逻辑；“To begin with”表示开始，“On the one hand”表示一方面，均不契合。故选C。 5．主旨大意题。全文围绕作者学习英语的态度变化、动机、习惯、方法及感悟展开，因此主要内容是作者学习英语的经历。A项仅涉及学习项目，C项仅提及部分细节，均不全面。故选B。 （1） English lessons at a Shanghai middle school have transformed into learning adventures. Instead of traditional textbooks and blackboards, students use virtual (虚拟的) reality (VR) technology and have interactive conversations with an AI character to explore language and culture. In one lesson, learners meet “Hannah”, a virtual French teenager worried about a New Year’s Eve dinner in China—she doesn’t know local traditions or basic rules. Their main task is to talk to her in English: offer useful advice, share cultural tips, and help her deal with “culture shock”. As they interact, students naturally practice conversational sentences while learning about Chinese customs. The high-tech experience doesn’t stop here. The classroom has VR headsets that take students to vivid, simulated (仿真的) environments. When they put on the devices, they feel like stepping into a busy international food festival, surrounded by food stalls. They can observe foods closely, listen to native speakers’ introductions, and “interact” with virtual sellers which makes vocabulary memorization far easier than repetition. “This isn’t just about memorizing textbook words,” said an English teacher. “It’s about using language in real-life situations. Students are more interested because they’re truly helping someone and exploring the world firsthand, not just taking in information inactively.” This creative use of technology shows how AI and VR can create powerful and fun learning experiences. It helps students practice English conversation naturally, build cultural understanding, and makes the classroom a gateway to the wider world. 1．What is the main task of students in the English lesson with “Hannah”? A．To help Hannah by talking in English. B．To teach Hannah to make French food. C．To tell Hannah about Chinese New Year. D．To talk to Hannah in French and give her advice. 2．What CAN’T students do when they put on the VR devices in the English lesson? A．Take a close look at foods. B．Have talks with a real French girl. C．Communicate with virtual sellers. D．Listen to native speakers’ introductions. 3．What does the underlined word “inactively” probably mean? A．In a very careful way. B．In a really happy way. C．Without doing much by themselves. D．Without doing things very carefully. 4．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．These English lessons are just the same as traditional ones. B．Students in these English lessons only quietly receive information. C．The use of AI and VR makes English learning more powerful and enjoyable. D．The creative use of technology can’t help students build cultural understanding. 5．What is the main purpose of this article? A．To explain French dinner customs. B．To show how technology helps learning. C．To teach students new English words. D．To ask schools to buy VR headsets for their students. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 5．B 【导语】本文介绍上海一所中学运用VR、AI技术创新英语课堂，借助虚拟场景与互动，让学生自然运用语言、了解文化，体现科技对学习的积极作用。 1．细节理解题。根据“Their main task is to talk to her in English: offer useful advice, share cultural tips, and help her deal with ‘cultural shock’.”可知，学生的主要任务是用英语和汉娜交流，为她提供建议、分享文化知识并提供帮助，故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据“When they put on the devices, they feel like stepping into a busy international food festival, surrounded by food stalls. They can observe foods closely, listen to native speakers’ introductions, and ‘interact’ with virtual sellers”可知，学生佩戴设备后可细看食物、听母语者介绍、和虚拟卖家互动，接触的都是虚拟形象，不能和真实的法国女孩交谈，故选B。 3．词句猜测题。根据“Students are more interested because they’re truly helping someone and exploring the world firsthand, not just taking in information inactively.”可知，学生是主动实践探索，而非被动接收信息，inactively表示不主动、自身不做太多行动，故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据“This creative use of technology shows how AI and VR can create powerful and fun learning experiences.”可知，AI和VR的应用让英语学习更高效且有趣，故选C。 5．主旨大意题。根据全文内容及“This creative use of technology shows how AI and VR can create powerful and fun learning experiences.”可知，文章核心是展示科技如何助力英语学习，故选B。 （2） China is home to tea and has a long history of tea culture. As time goes by, the tea culture has developed greatly. In the Tang Dynasty, people not only drank tea, but also ate the tea leaves. That was why tasting tea was called “tea-eating”. In the Song Dynasty, the way people drank tea became romantic and was full of art. In the Ming Dynasty, tasting tea returned to its true nature of “drinking tea”. People put dry tea leaves in the cup and then poured boiled water into it before drinking. And in the Qing Dynasty, the tea culture finally came into common families. Drinking tea became part of their daily life. At the same time, there were more tea houses. Nowadays, making tea around a stove (围炉煮茶) has become popular among young people. This is a special way of drinking tea. Many young people like to choose a quiet and comfortable environment to make tea. While boiling tea, there must be delicate and tasty snacks like small oranges and sweet potatoes on the charcoal (炭) stove, satisfying people’s eyes and mouth. And beautiful cups and teapots would bring them more pleasure in mind. What they enjoy are art, the spiritual world and the deep Chinese tea culture. Away from their busy work and life, they feel calm and peaceful in mind. In fact, people began to make tea around a stove in ancient times. Traditionally, about the art of making tea, the most important part is the types of tea, water quality, the control of fire, the choices of tea tools, and the skills of brewing (煮茶). In some ways, the art of making tea is a kind of communication between tea and people. As time passes by, Chinese tea culture continues to develop. Modern tea culture has mixed traditional and modern art and life, showing a more open and colorful culture. 1．When did people not only drink tea but also eat the tea leaves? A．In the Tang Dynasty. B．In the Song Dynasty. C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In the Qing Dynasty. 2．What does the underlined word “delicate” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Boring. B．Attractive. C．Awful. D．Large. 3．Why is making tea around a stove popular with modern young people? A．Because they enjoy calm and peace in mind. B．Because they can stay together with families. C．Because they like eating oranges and potatoes. D．Because they want to return to the ancient times. 4．What can we infer from the passage about the art of making tea? A．It only depends on the quality of water and tea leaves. B．It has no connection with the traditional tea culture at all. C．It is a way to build a bridge between people and tea. D．It is easier to learn for modern young people than for ancient people. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．The types of the tea leaves. B．The environments of drinking tea. C．The future of the tea culture. D．The development of the tea culture. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了中国茶文化的发展历程，以及如今围炉煮茶在年轻人中流行的情况，最后说明了现代茶文化融合了传统与现代艺术和生活，展现出更开放多彩的文化。 1．第二段提到“In the Tang Dynasty, people not only drank tea, but also ate the tea leaves.”，这直接说明了在唐朝人们不仅喝茶还吃茶叶。 2．第三段提到“While boiling tea, there must be delicate and tasty snacks like small oranges and sweet potatoes on the charcoal (炭) stove, satisfying people’s eyes and mouth.”，可推测出围炉煮茶时需要有吸引人的零食来满足人们的眼睛和味觉，因此“delicate”意为“attractive有吸引力的”。 3．第三段提到“What they enjoy are art, the spiritual world and the deep Chinese tea culture. Away from their busy work and life, they feel calm and peaceful in mind.”，这直接说明了围炉煮茶受现代年轻人欢迎是因为他们能在其中享受内心的平静与安宁。 4．第四段提到“In some ways, the art of making tea is a kind of communication between tea and people.”，这直接说明了煮茶艺术是人与茶之间建立联系的一种方式。 5．文章整体围绕中国茶文化从古至今的发展展开，所以最佳标题是“The development of the tea culture.” 。 （3） Some people worry that AI tools are making language learning less necessary. More and more people use simple, free tools — not just to translate text, but also to help with speaking. These apps have a conversation way: you talk into your phone, and soon you hear a spoken translation. Other people are not so worried. Most people don’t move to another country, and they don’t have regular (规律的) connections with foreign cultures that would make them work hard to speak a language well. When they go on holiday, they just want to buy a beer and spaghetti without any trouble. Douglas Hofstadter, who knows many languages well, says that something important will be lost when people talk through machines. He talked about giving a difficult speech in Chinese—he made mistakes, and it took a lot of effort. But in the end, he felt satisfied. As AI translation becomes a more popular tool to save time and effort, people can be divided into two groups. One group wants to challenge their minds, learn about other cultures, or make their thinking more active. They will still study languages, and often use technology to help. The other group looks at learning a new language with both respect and confusion. It’s like how some might see hard long-distance sports: “Good for you if you like that, but it seems too tiring for me.” But if we only think about the learner, we forget that language is basically social. It’s a bit like talking about how close relationships are good for your heart — but ignoring (忽略) how valuable those relationships are on their own. When you try to ask for directions in simple Italian, or tell a joke badly in German, you are talking directly to someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with good timing, or explain small differences in an argument, that connection becomes even stronger. The best relationships don’t need something (like AI) in between. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Talking through apps makes life easy. B．AI helps people learn cultures better. C．Using apps is getting more popular. D．AI tools influence language learning. 2．What does Douglas mainly express? A．He supports learning with AI. B．He prefers traditional learning ways. C．He feels satisfied when speaking Chinese. D．He doubts the effort of learning languages. 3．What might the second group in paragraph 3 do? A．Give up learning new languages. B．Take language learning actively. C．Trust self-ability rather than AI. D．Try to do long-distance sports. 4．How does the writer make his point clear in the last paragraph? A．By giving examples. B．By comparing opinions. C．By listing reasons. D．By giving suggestions. 5．Which of the following might the writer agree with? A．Arguments can make relationships stronger. B．Different languages carry different cultures. C．Learning languages has great social value. D．AI translators are about to be used commonly. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。围绕人工智能翻译工具对语言学习的影响展开，介绍了人们的不同看法，同时强调语言的社交本质和学习语言的社会价值。 1．主旨大意题。根据“Some people worry that AI tools are making language learning less necessary. More and more people use simple, free tools—not just to translate text, but also to help with speaking.”可知，第一段主要讲述了人工智能工具对语言学习产生的影响。故选D。 2．观点态度题。根据“Douglas Hofstadter, who knows many languages well, says that something important will be lost when people talk through machines.”可知，道格拉斯认为通过机器交流将失去一些重要的东西，他更倾向于传统的语言学习方式。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据“The other group looks at learning a new language with both respect and confusion. It’s like how some might see hard long-distance sports: ‘Good for you if you like that, but it seems too tiring for me.’”可知，第二组人认为学习新语言太累，可能会放弃学习新语言。故选A。 4．细节理解题。根据“When you try to ask for directions in simple Italian, or tell a joke badly in German, you are talking directly to someone. And when you speak a language well enough to tell a story with good timing, or explain small differences in an argument, that connection becomes even stronger.”可知，作者通过举例子的方式，说明直接使用语言交流能建立更牢固的联系，从而阐明自己的观点。故选A。 5．观点态度题。根据“But if we only think about the learner, we forget that language is basically social... The best relationships don’t need something (like AI) in between.”可知，作者认为语言本质上是社交性的，学习语言具有很大的社会价值。故选C。 （4） 13-year-old Sarah sits in her yard, laying out her handmade crafts (手工制品) on the table. There are baskets, flower pots, and cloth bags—all made from recycled materials. They are not just creative objects; they’re part of Sarah’s project to make a greener community. Two years ago, Sarah would pass by a park near her house every day after school. Plastic bottles, empty cans, and broken toys littered the roadside. Seeing this, Sarah felt sad. One afternoon, Sarah noticed some kids selling orange juice at the park. People stopped to buy it. That was when Sarah got an idea. “Mom, what if we sell handmade crafts?” she asked excitedly that evening. “Then we can buy trees for our neighborhood with the money!” With her mom’s help, Sarah started making crafts with great interest, using old boxes, plastic bottles and empty cans. Every day after school, she sat in her yard, waiting for customers. At first, no one came. Sarah felt down, but she didn’t give up. Later, people began to stop by. A kind woman bought a cloth bag, saying it was perfect for shopping. Kids liked the flower pots, and one boy even asked Sarah to make him a special basket for his toys. By the end of the first month, Sarah had made $150! She bought 30 small trees. Together with her parents, they planted the trees around the park and along the sidewalks. Now, the neighborhood looks nicer, and the birds have more places to rest. Sarah even teaches her friends how to make eco-friendly (环保的) crafts after school. They organize sales every month to raise money for new projects like bird feeders. This year, Sarah shared her story at a local community event. “Making a greener community is important,” she said proudly. “If everyone helps a little, we can make our life better.” She believes that no effort is too small when it comes to caring for the environment. 1．What did Sarah sell to make money? A．Small trees. B．Orange juice. C．Plastic bottles. D．Handmade crafts. 2．Look at the mind map. Which of the following can be put in ▲ ? A．sad; sharing her story B．afraid; feeding birds C．bored; caring for nature D．nervous; recycling old boxes 3．What can you learn from Sarah’s words in the last paragraph? A．Doing is better than saying. B．Great hopes make great men. C．The first step is the only difficulty. D．Small actions can make a difference. 4．Which of the following can best describe Sarah? A．Kind and humorous. B．Creative and helpful. C．Strict and friendly. D．Quiet and honest. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Girl’s Dream Job B．A Community Park C．A Girl’s Green Project D．An Eco-friendly Habit 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文讲述了13岁女孩Sarah通过售卖用回收材料制作的手工制品筹集资金，为社区种树并带动朋友一起践行环保，最终让社区变得更绿色的故事。 1．细节理解题。根据“‘Mom, what if we sell handmade crafts?’ she asked excitedly that evening.”可知，Sarah卖手工制品赚钱。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据“At first, no one came. Sarah felt down.”可知，在“no customers came”阶段Sarah的心情是sad；根据“This year, Sarah shared her story at a local community event.”可知，在“confident”阶段她的行为是sharing her story。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据“If everyone helps a little, we can make our life better.”可知，Sarah认为小行动也能带来改变。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据“using old boxes, plastic bottles and empty cans”以及“Together with her parents, they planted the trees around the park and along the sidewalks.”可知，Sarah既有创造力又乐于助人。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。根据“They are not just creative objects; they’re part of Sarah’s project to make a greener community.”可知，本文主要讲述了Sarah的环保项目。故选C。 （5） Have you ever found yourself in a classroom, seen a classmate yawn (打哈欠), and suddenly felt like yawning too? This common phenomenon (现象) doesn’t lie only among humans—even babies and animals like dogs and cats experience it. So what causes this behavior? Firstly, yawning helps our bodies get more oxygen1. Our brains need lots of oxygen to work well. When we’re tired or sit still for a long time (like during a story time), we breathe slowly. Slow breathing means less oxygen goes into our blood. Our brains notice this and say, “We need more air!” Then—yawn! We open our mouths wide, take a big breath and pull in fresh oxygen. It also pushes out old air that our body doesn’t need. It’s like pressing a “start-again” button for your body. ★ That means if you see someone yawn, you might yawn too! Why? Scientists think this might be a way we connect with each other. Long ago, when people lived in groups, yawning could say, “Let’s rest together!” or “Wake up—we need to stay safe!” Today, it still makes us feel close to others. If your best friend yawns, your yawning back is like saying, “I’m with you!” However, unlike popular belief, yawning is not only caused by sleepiness. It can also take place during moments of boredom, such as waiting in line or surprisingly, when expecting exciting events like a birthday party or an important sports match. In these situations, a yawn may help prepare the body for upcoming changes in activity or stress levels. So the next time you yawn, don’t feel shy! Regard it as your body’s smart way to stay healthy. And if you see someone else yawn, go ahead and feel free to join in—it’s a harmless, shared biological experience.Note 1为化学元素氧，对应分子式为O2。 1．How does yawning help our bodies? A．It takes in less oxygen. B．It presses a new button. C．It improves air exchange. D．It forces the brain to work. 2．Which of the following can be put in ★ ? A．Secondly, yawning helps make friends. B．In fact, yawning has a historical cause. C．Also, yawning is highly catching. D．No doubt that copying is human nature. 3．According to paragraph 4, in what situation can you most probably yawn? A．Reading an interesting novel. B．Taking part in a birthday party. C．Taking an important exam. D．Waiting at the railway station. 4．What BIG question does the passage answer? A．Is yawning a healthy habit? B．Why do we yawn? C．How should we yawn? D．Can we yawn together? 5．How does the author develop the passage? A．Question→Reasons→Suggestion B．Problem→Causes→Solution C．Doubt→Opinions→Fact D．Phenomenon→Guesses→Nature 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．B 5．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了打哈欠这一常见现象的原因、作用及相关特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“yawning helps our bodies get more oxygen...We open our mouths wide, take a big breath and pull in fresh oxygen. It also pushes out old air that our body doesn’t need.”可知，打哈欠既吸入新鲜氧气，又排出废气，也就是促进了空气交换。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据后文“That means if you see someone yawn, you might yawn too! Why? Scientists think this might be a way we connect with each other…‘I’m with you!’”可推知，本段核心主题是“打哈欠具有传染性”。选项C“此外，打哈欠也极容易传染。”与本段主题契合。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“yawning is not only caused by sleepiness. It can also take place during moments of boredom, such as waiting in line”可知，在火车站等待属于无聊的时刻，很可能会打哈欠。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段结尾“So what causes this behavior?”及全文围绕打哈欠的原因展开介绍可知，文章回答的核心问题是“我们为什么会打哈欠”。故选B。 5．篇章结构题。通读全文可知，文章开头提出“打哈欠是什么原因导致的”这一问题，接着分析打哈欠的多个原因，最后给出“打哈欠不用害羞”的建议。所以文章的展开方式是“问题→原因→建议”。故选A。 （6） In a field in England, three little robots have been given a great job: to find and kill grass before planting seeds in the soil. The robots are named Tom, Dick and Harry. Tom is the first of the three clever robots to start working. He watches the crops carefully and collects the information about each plant. He can create a short introduction to each plant and even make decisions on what chemicals are needed for your crops. Dick does the dirty work. He can go to each plant that is doing bad to the crops and take it out. Plants that are good for the crops are left. He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy. Harry is a planter. He digs holes into the field and puts seeds into the ground, and records where he puts them. If a seed doesn’t grow, he can easily travel there and plants a new seed. The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%. The little robots allow farmers to free their soils from chemicals. Using fewer chemicals is going to save much money and is good for the environment. As well as reducing the use of chemicals, robots will bring us better soil quality and more plants and animals. “We have to change farming now, or else there won’t be anything to farm,” says Small Robot. 1．What can we know about the three robots from Paragraph 1? A．They are huge. B．They work in a field. C．They can plant seeds. D．They come from America. 2．Which may be used by Dick? A． B． C． D． 3．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about? A．The harm that chemicals cause. B．The cost farmers spend on farming. C．A famous company that produces robots. D．The advantages that the farming robots bring. 4．What is the structure for the passage? A．B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．Living a Modern Life B．The Changes on Farming C．Protecting the Plants D．The History of Robots 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍Small Robot公司生产的三款改变农作方式的农业智能机器人，主要是关于它们的不同功能和各自的不同工作任务。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“In a field...three little robots...to find and kill grass...in the soil”可知，这三个机器人在农田工作，故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据“He can spray things like chemicals in order to keep plants healthy.”可知，Dick要用工具喷洒化学品，故选A。 3．主旨大意题。根据“The smart robots are made by Small Robot. The British company says farmers could reduce costs by 40% and chemical usage by up to 95%.”及后文的具体解释，可知本段主要讲的是农业机器人带来的好处。故选D。 4．篇章结构题。第一段和第六段是开头结尾，中间第二、三、四段各介绍一款机器人，这三段是并列关系，第五段是关于这三款机器人带来的好处。故选A。 5．最佳标题题。本文是关于三款改变农作方式的农业智能机器人，主要介绍它们具体的工作方式、任务及优势，标题应该是与农业机器人在当下农业的应用及改变有关，与B选项主题符合。故选B。 （7） ①You can’t see them with your eyes, but they are everywhere in our world—microorganisms (微生物). They live in the air we breathe, the soil under our feet, and even the food on our plates. Microorganisms are tiny living things. Many people mistakenly think all of them are harmful because some of them cause colds or food sickness, and make food bad. But in fact, most are our small but powerful helpers. ②Microorganisms play a key role in making delicious local foods. For example, the delicious yogurt you often have for breakfast is produced with special bacteria (细菌). These bacteria turn milk into thick yogurt that’s good for our health. Besides, pickled vegetables (泡菜), a favorite dish of many families, also depend on microorganisms. They not only keep the vegetables fresh for a long time but also add a special sour taste that makes the dish more delicious. ③Microorganisms also work hard for the environment. They live in the forest soil and break down fallen leaves and old plants. Through this process, they turn these waste materials into valuable nutrients (营养物). These nutrients make the soil rich, which is why trees in local forests can grow tall and strong. ④What’s more, they help us make medicine and even clean polluted water. For example, some microorganisms can make things that kill bad bacteria in our bodies. They are used to make medicine that treats illnesses like a sore throat. Also, microorganisms can break down the harmful things in dirty water and turn it into clean water that is safe for people and animals. This makes our environment much healthier and cleaner. ⑤Next time you see a yogurt cup or a forest floor covered with leaves, remember: there’s a hidden world of something tiny working hard. 1．What can we learn about microorganisms in the first paragraph? A．They’re not living things. B．They only live in the soil. C．They are tiny but helpful. D．They can be seen with eyes. 2．What does the underlined word “They” refer to? A．Many families B．Pickled vegetables C．Microorganisms D．Special dishes 3．How do microorganisms help us? ①make delicious food    ②prevent colds    ③make medicine ④make the soil rich    ⑤cause food sickness A．①③④ B．①②⑤ C．②③④ D．③④⑤ 4．What is the structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What’s the writer’s main purpose of writing the passage? A．To explain how microorganisms work. B．To advise people to use microorganisms. C．To introduce good uses of microorganisms. D．To tell the differences between microorganisms. 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文旨在纠正人们对微生物的普遍误解，并重点介绍它们在食品、环境、医药等多个领域中的有益用途。 1．细节理解题。根据“Microorganisms are tiny living things. Many people mistakenly think all of them are harmful because some of them cause colds or food sickness, and make food bad. But in fact, most are our small but powerful helpers.”可知，微生物虽然很小，但很有用。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据“Besides, pickled vegetables (泡菜), a favorite dish of many families, also depend on microorganisms.”可知，划线词“They”出现在介绍泡菜依靠微生物这句话后，说明They指代的是microorganisms。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据“Microorganisms play a key role in making delicious local foods.”、“Microorganisms also work hard for the environment. They live in the forest soil and break down fallen leaves and old plants. Through this process, they turn these waste materials into valuable nutrients (营养物). These nutrients make the soil rich, which is why trees in local forests can grow tall and strong.”和“What’s more, they help us make medicine, and even clean polluted water.”可知，微生物可以制作美食、分解落叶让土壤肥沃以及帮助制药。故选A。 4．篇章结构题。文章第①段总起，引入微生物并指出其大多有益的核心观点；②③④段并列分述，分别从制作食品、改善环境、制造药物与净水三个具体方面说明其用途；第⑤段总结，呼应开头，提醒读者记住这些微小生物的努力。因此，文章的结构为总—分—总，与选项B图示一致。故选B。 5．主旨大意题。作者在通篇主要纠正“微生物都有害”的误解，并详细列举了其在各领域的有益用途。故选C。 （8） ①Rural (农村的) students in China have grown taller and stronger on average (平均) over the past ten years thanks to a nutrition (营养) improvement plan providing daily nutritious lunches to rural primary and middle school students, according to the Ministry of Education. ②Based on surveys of students in some 700 counties during the past 10 years,13-year-old boys have seen the most growth in height and weight, with an average height of 7.5 centimeters taller and an average added weight of 6.6 kilograms from 2012 to 2021. Twelve-year-old girl students who experienced the most growth had added an average of 6.3 cm in height and 5.8 kg in weight in 2021 compared to average levels by 2012. ③The survey found the growth retardation (生长发育迟缓) rate of students aged 6 to 15 dropped to 2.3 percent in 2021, down by 5.7 percentage points from 2012. While the obesity rate of rural students reached 18.7 percent last year, it was 7.8 percentage points lower than the national average. But some students are still overweight. The surveys also found that rural students have more chances to get meat, vegetables and milk products, and more schools have built their own canteens (食堂). ④Li Ming is the principal of Daping Primary School in Xiji County in Ningxia. He said that in the past there was no canteen in the school and it was not very convenient for students to have lunch. Since 10 years ago, students have been able to enjoy nutritious meals at school and as a result, they have grown taller and healthier, he told People’s Daily. ⑤At the No.11 Primary School in Tongren City, Guizhou Province, the school canteen displays daily lunch menus, which include three dishes, a soup, a piece of fruit and milk. The province has started its nutrition improvement plan to make sure students can eat healthier and more nutritious meals at school. 1．According to the passage, rural students have grown taller and stronger because of ________. A．enough exercise B．meals cooked by their parents C．working hard at lessons D．nutritiou improvement plan 2．What do Paragraphs 2 and 3 talk about? A．The result of the surveys. B．The differences of the surveys. C．The ways to do the surveys. D．The importance of the surveys. 3．The purpose of taking two schools for example is ________. A．to praise their headmasters B．to show the nutrition improvement C．to explain the importance of school meals D．to express thanks for the teacher 4．What is the right structure of the passage? A． B． C． D． 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．School daily lunch menus include three dishes. B．The growth retardation rate of students has dropped. C．Healthier school meals help rural students grow. D．More rural schools have built their own canteens. 【答案】1．D 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 【导语】本文介绍了中国农村学生在过去十年间身高和体质显著提升的情况，这得益于国家营养改善计划为农村中小学生提供的营养午餐。文章通过调查数据和两所学校的实例，展示了该计划的成效，并指出了仍存在的问题。 1．根据第①段中“thanks to a nutrition(营养) improvement plan providing daily nutritious lunches” ，点明原因是营养改善计划。 2．第②段列举了不同年龄段学生身高、体重的增长数据；第③段介绍了生长发育迟缓率、肥胖率等调查结果，两段均为调查数据的结果呈现。 3．第④段和第⑤段分别以宁夏、贵州的学校为例，介绍了学校食堂的建设和营养午餐的实施情况，以及学生因此变得更高更健康，目的是展示营养改善计划的实际效果。 4．第①段：总起全文，点明农村学生因营养改善计划长得更高更强壮。第②③段：分述调查数据，展示学生体质提升的具体结果。第④⑤段：分述两所学校的实例，证明营养改善计划的成效。结构为 “总—分—分”，与文章逻辑完全一致。 5．全文围绕“更健康的学校午餐帮助农村学生成长”这一核心展开，从政策背景、数据结果到实例验证，都在论证营养午餐对农村学生体质提升的作用。C选项“Healthier school meals help rural students grow”全面概括了文章主旨。 （9） Have you ever looked up at the stars? Do you want to know more about them? A big telescope (望远镜) in China may help you explore them well. It is called the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope  (500米口径球面射电望远镜), or FAST for short. Because it is so large and powerful, people often call it China’s “Sky Eye”. Dr. Jiang Peng has always loved watching the stars. After graduating, he made an important decision to join the FAST project. He now serves as its head engineer. When Jiang first learned about it, he was amazed by its huge size and difficult challenges. “I have always been interested in space and other planets since I was little, and I love solving difficult problems,” Jiang said. He believes that building big dreams requires both passion (热情) and hard work. Jiang and his team had to connect thousands of steel cables (电缆) perfectly. “No one had done this task before; there wasn’t even a precedent of failure to learn from and every step felt like walking on thin ice,” said Jiang. But he never gave up, all driven by his passion for exploration. He worked with his team for years, and in 2016, FAST was finally completed. Jiang hopes that more young people can study astronomy (天文学) in school. He thinks learning about space will help students understand science better. For example, the way stars shine for billions of years teaches us about balance in nature. He suggests adding astronomy to geography classes and calls it “Earth and Astronomical Sciences”. He also wants experts to help write clear and interesting textbooks for students. Now, it’s time for the next generation (一代人) to carry forward this love for the stars. 1．According to paragraph 1, what information can we get? A．We are all interested in stars. B．FAST is so big and powerful. C．“Sky Eye” is the biggest telescope. D．We know the stars very well. 2．Jiang Peng joined the FAST project because he ________. A．needed a job after graduating B．was asked by his team to join C．enjoyed difficult challenges D．wanted to be a famous scientist 3．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “precedent” in paragraph 3? A．Excuse. B．Example. C．Method. D．Secret. 4．What can we infer from Jiang Peng’s suggestion about school classes? A．Fun activities make science learning more enjoyable. B．Geography is more important than astronomy in school. C．The school science education is enough for the students. D．Learning about space is good for students’ science studies. 5．What is the best title for the passage? A．A Dream Built with Love B．A Task Filled with Difficulty C．An Expert in Astronomy D．A Tool for Exploring the Universe 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．B 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文介绍了中国“天眼”FAST望远镜的建设背景、总工程师姜鹏的参与动机与工作经历，以及他对青少年天文教育的期望。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Because it is so large and powerful, people often call it China’s ‘Sky Eye’.”可知，FAST望远镜非常大且功能强大。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“I have always been interested in space and other planets since I was little, and I love solving difficult problems”可知，姜鹏加入FAST项目是因为他热爱解决难题。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段“No one had done this task before; there wasn’t even a precedent of failure to learn from...”可知，这项任务之前没人做过，甚至连失败的“先例”都没有。因此“precedent”意为“先例，例子”。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段“He thinks learning about space will help students understand science better.”可知，姜鹏认为学习太空知识有助于学生更好地理解科学，因此可以推断学习太空对学生的科学学习有好处。故选D。 5．最佳标题题。本文主要讲述了姜鹏出于对星空的热爱和解决难题的热情，带领团队建成FAST望远镜，并希望将这份热爱传递给下一代。因此“用爱筑造的梦想”最贴合文章主旨。故选A。 （10） ①Have you ever seen a wooden barrel (桶)? It is made of many wooden pieces held together by metal rings. The Wooden Barrel Effect, also called the “Cask Effect”, is a famous idea that comes from watching how a barrel works. ②Think about a barrel with wooden pieces of different lengths. Some pieces are long, but one piece is very short. When you fill this barrel with water, what will happen? The water will rise until it reaches the top of the shortest piece. Then it will begin to leak out (漏出). No matter how long the other pieces are, the barrel can never hold more water than the shortest piece allows. ③The effect teaches us something important. In a team, the weakest part often decides success. For example, in a basketball team, if one player keeps missing passes, the whole team may lose games. The team’s performance is limited by its weakest member. ④This also works for personal growth. Each of us has strengths and weaknesses. Our weaknesses are like the short piece. To make progress, we should find our “short pieces” and improve them. For instance, a student who may do well in math but struggles with English needs to devote more time and energy to improving his English skills. ⑤However, there is another way to think about it. Sometimes, instead of fixing the short piece, we can change how we use the barrel. We can tilt it so that water flows to the longer pieces. This means we can make good use of our strengths while managing our weaknesses. ⑥In short, the Wooden Barrel Effect reminds us that success needs balance. Whether in teamwork or personal development, we should focus on weaknesses while making the most of our strengths. 1．What decides how much water a barrel can hold? A．The longest piece of the barrel. B．The total number of pieces. C．The shortest piece of the barrel. D．The average length of all pieces. 2．According to Paragraph 4, what is a student supposed to do if he is weak in English? A．To spend more time and energy improving English. B．To only focus on subjects he is good at or interested in. C．To give up studying English and work on math instead. D．To ask teachers to give easier homework to avoid hard work. 3．What does the underlined word “tilt” mean in Paragraph 5? A．Keep…off. B．Turn…around. C．Lift…up on one side. D．Fill…up. 4．What can we infer from Paragraph 5 about dealing with weaknesses? A．Fixing weaknesses is always the perfect choice. B．Weaknesses will disappear if we don’t focus on them. C．Strengths become weaker when we focus on weaknesses. D．Success can be achieved by making full use of our strengths. 5．Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage? A．①②③/④⑤/⑥B．①/②③/④/⑤⑥ C．①/②③/④⑤⑥ D．①②/③④/⑤/⑥ 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．C 4．D 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了“木桶效应”的概念及其物理原理，并深入探讨了这一理论在团队协作和个人成长中的应用，强调了在追求成功过程中平衡弱点与发挥优势的重要性。 1．第二段末尾明确指出：“…the barrel can never hold more water than the shortest piece allows.”。该句直接说明木桶的盛水量是由最短的一块木板决定的。 2．第四段末尾针对具体的学习情况给出建议：“…a student who…struggle with English needs to devote more time and energy to improving his English skills.”。这直接说明英语薄弱的学生应当投入更多的时间和精力。 3．根据第五段描述：“…instead of fixing the short piece, we can change how we use the barrel. We can tilt it so that water flows to the longer pieces.”。语境表示为了让水流向长木板一侧而不从短板处渗漏，需要改变木桶的角度，即“倾斜”木桶。 4．第五段指出：“This means we can make good use of our strengths while managing our weaknesses.”。由此可以推断出，在面对弱点时，充分利用并发挥自身的长处也是取得成功的一种有效途径。 5．通读全文可知，第①②段引入概念并解释物理原理；第③④段论述“补短板”逻辑在团队和个人层面的传统应用；第⑤段通过However转折提出“发挥优势”的新思路；第⑥段总结全文。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司2 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $