Unit 4 Section Ⅶ 单元回顾与盘点-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册配套课件PPT（译林版）

该高中英语单元复习课件系统梳理了核心词汇、经典句式及主题表达，通过主题语境分类（如“科学研究”“研究发现”词汇）和经典句式归类（如It is+adj.+to do结构）构建知识网络，串联词汇、句式与主题思维的内在逻辑，帮助学生形成完整的单元知识体系。 其亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，如“课时检测”通过单词拼写、词形转换等基础练习夯实语言基础，“单元仿真评价”结合科学家事迹阅读与写作任务提升逻辑分析能力，分层设计满足不同学生需求。这既助力学生巩固知识，也为教师提供精准复习方向，提升教学效率。

单元回顾与盘点 Section Ⅶ 课时检测 单元仿真验收性评价 Contents 目录 01 02 2 |核心语言点建构| (一)词汇分类汇总 1．主题语境词汇之“科学研究”　 ①_______ adj.　　　　 广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的； 概括的；开阔的 ②_______ vt.& vi. 想要，计划；意指 ③_______ n. 提取物；选录 vt. 提取；选录；取出；设法得到 ④_______ 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 broad intend extract refer to ⑤_____________ n. 实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi. 做试验，进行实验；尝试 ⑥_______ n. 试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt. 测试，试验 ⑦__________ n. 容器；集装箱，货柜 ⑧__________ vt. 延迟，延期 ⑨__________ vt.& vi. 组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 experiment trial container postpone conduct ⑩________ vt.& vi. 充电；收费；控告；谴责； 使……承担责任；使充满 n. 收费；控告；谴责；掌管 ⑪______ n. 突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 vi.& vt. 砸；砰地关上；猛摔；碰撞 ⑫_______ vt.& vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关 ⑬_________ vt. 取消，使无效；否认，否定 ⑭______ 关于，至于 charge bang apply negate as to 2．主题语境词汇之“研究发现”　 ①_________ adj.　　　 致命的；十足的，彻底的 ②_________ n. 生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 ③_________ adj. 有限的 ④_________ adj. 家庭的，家用的，家务的 n. 一家人，家庭 ⑤_________ adj. 足够的，充足的 ⑥______ n. 数据，资料，材料 ⑦________ (使)加速 deadly survival limited household sufficient data speed up ⑧_________ 成功，奏效，达到目的 ⑨_________ n. 错误，差错 ⑩_________ adj. 有益的，有用的 ⑪_________ vt. 说明，解释；加插图于 ⑫_________ n. 青霉素，盘尼西林 ⑬_________ n. 霉菌；模具；类型 vt. 浇铸；塑造 ⑭_________ n. 细菌 pay off error beneficial illustrate penicillin mould bacteria ⑮__________ vt. 围绕，环绕；包围； 与……紧密相关 ⑯__________ vt. 表明；暗示；提及；指出 ⑰__________ n. 意外，偶然的事； 事故，意外遭遇 ⑱__________ n. 电，电能 ⑲__________ n. 学说，论；原理；看法，意见 ⑳__________ n. 带子，丝带；带状物 __________ n. 金属 surround indicate accident electricity theory ribbon metal ________adj. 原子能的；原子的 ________ n. 炸弹；核武器 vt. 轰炸 ________ n. 罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj. 恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 ________ vt. 包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 ________ adj. 科学的，关于科学的； 细致严谨的 atomic bomb evil involve scientific __________ n. 赞扬，认可；信用 vt. 存入金额；把……归于 __________ vt.& vi. 允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n. 　　 许可证 __________ vt. 表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 __________ 提出，提议，建议 __________ n. 进化；演变，发展 __________ vt. 出版，发行；发表；公布 permit declare put forward evolution publish credit 3．表达出彩词汇之“人物描写”　 ①__________ n. 智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 ②__________ adj. 有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 ③__________ vt. 较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n. 帮助，好事；赞同；偏袒 ④__________ n. 政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 ⑤__________ adj. 突出的 n. 突出的人(或物) wisdom intelligent favour politician standout ⑥___________ adj. 道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n. 品行，道德；寓意 ⑦___________ adj. 脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n. 知识分子，脑力劳动者 ⑧___________ n. 神秘；神秘的人(或事物)； 悬疑作品 ⑨___________ 使某人失望 ⑩___________ n. 无知 ⑪___________ n. 自由 moral intellectual mystery let sb.down ignorance freedom ⑫________________ 想当然地认为， 认为……是理所当然 ⑬_____________ n. 权威，权力；官方 ⑭_____________ n. 责任，负责；职责，义务 ⑮_____________ n. 国籍；民族 ⑯_____________ n. 结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 take it for granted authority responsibility nationality marriage (二)经典句式再现 1．It is＋adj.＋to do ... However, _____________________ enough qinghao extract for large trials because research resources were limited. 然而，由于研究资源有限，很难制造出足够的青蒿提取物用于大规模试验。 it was hard to produce 2．with复合结构 Even __________________________________________, however, they still faced another problem. 然而，即使制造了大量的青蒿提取物，他们仍然面临着另外一个问题。 with large amounts of qinghao extract produced 3．be likely to ... The trials on patients _______________________ because they did not have sufficient safety data. 由于没有足够的安全数据，对患者的试验可能会推迟。 4．even though引导让步状语从句 Such power has obvious value — ________________________ ______________ what one does with it. 这样的力量其价值显而易见，尽管，这力量会被某人用它所做的事否定。 were likely to be postponed even though the power may be negated by 5．“be of＋抽象名词”结构 The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience ________________________. 科学家经常会经历无知、怀疑和不确定，而这种经历非常重要。 6．not ...but ...“不是……而是……” ...to teach how doubt is ___________________ to be welcomed and discussed ... ……(我们有责任)教导人们怀疑不可怕，它值得欢迎和探讨…… is of very great importance not to be feared but |主题思维与表达| (一)联系图片内容，回答图后的问题。 1．Do you know who the man is in the above pictures? ___________________________________________________ The famous scientist and educator Huang Danian. 2．What do you know about him? ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ To pursue his value of life, Huang Danian gave up his well－paid job in Britain and returned to China when his country needed him.As a professor, he tried to analyse and meet his students' distinct needs.As a researcher, he committed himself to developing many devices needed for deep－earth exploration. No wonder people conclude that he is a scientist and educator who is worth our admiration. (二)阅读下面的短文，根据要求回答问题。 Throughout history scientists have risked their health and their lives in their search for the truth. Sir Isaac Newton, the seventeenth century scientist, was very smart, but that didn't stop him from doing some pretty stupid things.In his laboratory in Cambridge he often did the strangest experiments.Once, while testing how light passes through lenses (晶状体), he put a long needle into his eye, pushed it to the back, and then moved it around just to see what would happen.Luckily, nothing long－lasting did.On another occasion he stared at the sun for as long as he In the 1750s the Swedish chemist Karl Scheele was the first person to find a way to produce phosphorus (磷). He in fact discovered eight more chemical elements including chlorine (氯), though he didn't get any praise for them.He was a very clever scientist, but his one failing was a curious habit of tasting a little of every substance he worked with. This risky practice finally caught up with him, and in 1786 he was found dead in his laboratory surrounded by a large number of dangerous chemicals, any of which might have been responsible for his death. could bear, to discover what effect this would have on his sight.Again he escaped suffering permanent damage, though he had to spend some days in a darkened room before his eyes recovered. Eugene Shoemaker was a respected geologist.He spent a large part of his life studying craters on the moon, and how they were formed, and later did research into the comets of the planet Jupiter.In 1997 he and his wife were in the Australian desert where they went every year to search for places where comets might have hit the earth.While driving in the Tanami desert, normally one of the emptiest places in the world, another vehicle crashed into them and Shoemaker was killed on the spot.Some of his ashes (骨灰) were sent to the moon aboard the Lunar Prospector spacecraft and left there — he is the only person who has had this honor. Questions： 1．What does the underlined word “permanent” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Brief.　　　　　　　 B．Slight. C．Lasting. D．Ordinary. √ 2．The text is mainly about three great scientists' _______. A．special honors B．great achievements C．famous experiments D．suffering in their research √ 3．What did Karl Scheele like doing when performing experiments? ___________________________________________ 4．What special honor was Shoemaker given after his death? ___________________________________________ Tasting chemicals. Some of his ashes were placed on the moon. 01 课时检测 单元语基回顾性盘查 Ⅰ.根据汉语提示写单词——单词拼写(6分) (1)Knowledge is the candle to ________ (引导) you to the bright and true life. (2)The farmer _____________ (围绕) his house and garden with a fence. (3)As is __________ (表明) in the survey, more and more people choose to travel for relaxation. conduct surrounded indicated (4)Do me a _________ (帮助) and turn the radio down while I'm on the phone. (5)The man wearing a blue hat was _______ (指控) with theft in the supermarket. (6)In September 1939, Britain _________ (宣布) war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. favour charged declared Ⅱ.在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式——词形转换(12分) (7)All in all, the advantages of watching movies are not ______ (limit) in relaxing and entertaining, but also in other aspects. (8)Put a small amount of the powder into a _________ (contain) and mix it with water. (9)While traveling can ________ (broad) your mind, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time and money on it. limited container broaden (10)As we all know, exercising regularly is _________(benefit) to improving our health. (11)The technology has a wide __________ (apply) in IT industry. (12)It's well－known that cancer is a _______(dead) disease. beneficial application deadly Ⅲ.选择合适的短语并用其正确形式填空——固定搭配(20分) to one's credit, speed up, refer to, pay off, put forward, by accident, get involved in, for the benefit of, take the responsibility for, in charge of (13)You had better work out regularly _________________ your health. (14)To make the plan, they went to the library to ______ many books. (15)Once these difficulties were got over, the work would _______. (16)Believe me, all your efforts will _______ in time. for the benefit of refer to speed up pay off (17)She arrived just as we were leaving, but I'm not sure whether this was __________ or by design. (18)He will be ____________ the class when the teacher is away. (19)You can make new friends if you ________________ group activities. (20)We should motivate the students into ____________________ ______ their own behavior. by accident in charge of get involved in taking the responsibility for (21)A suggestion has been __________ that we should recycle the textbooks. (22)It was greatly ____________ that the taxi driver returned the money he had found in his taxi. put forward to his credit Ⅳ.将下列句子改写为简单句——语法专练(10分) (23)Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem which is called caffeinism. →_________________________________________________________________ (24)The girl, who was brought up by her uncle, has begun to work now. →The girl, _________________________, has begun to work now. brought up by her uncle Larger amounts of caffeine can cause a problem called caffeinism. (25)As the heroes' deeds moved them deeply, they decided to study even harder. →_________________________________________________________________ (26)The professor came into the lab; a group of students followed him. →______________________________________________________ Deeply moved by the heroes' deeds, they decided to study even harder. The professor came into the lab, followed by a group of students. (27)The boy went up to his teacher and said “sorry” because he was greatly touched by his words. →__________________________________________________________________________ Greatly touched by his teacher's words, the boy went up to him and said “sorry”． Ⅴ.根据汉语意思和括号内的提示完成句子——单句写作(10分) (28)I ___________________________ with you but unfortunately I had a bad cold.(intend) 我本来打算和你一起去爬山的，但不幸的是，我得了重感冒。 (29)The lecture is about ____________ the problems between family members.(疑问词＋to do) 这个讲座是关于如何解决家庭成员之间的问题的。 had intended to go climbing how to resolve (30)________________, I will accompany my parents to call on you this weekend.(permit) 时间允许的话，这个周末我会陪父母去拜访你。 (31)_______________________________, I think the driver of the lorry should be to blame.(as for/to) 至于这起交通事故的原因，我认为卡车司机应该负责任。 (32)_________________________________ everyone should help you. (take it for granted that ...) 你不要认为每个人都理应帮助你。 Time permitting As for/to the cause of the accident You shouldn't take it for granted that 02 单元仿真验收性评价 (时间：100分钟　满分：120分) 第一部分：阅读(共两节，满分50分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Mad Scientist Dive into science during this fun, colorful, and exciting class! All students become mad scientists as they explore different scientific topics, including chemistry, physics, biology, and geology. Each week, students conduct exciting hands－on science, technology, engineering, and maths experiments and challenges using the scientific method.A combination of demonstrations, take－home projects, independent exploration, and unique experiments exposes them to a variety of basic scientific concepts.This class may get messy as they have fun with science and explore California's coastline through scientific thinking. Discovery Leaders: Chantae Reid and Sandra Traverso Mondays: 9：00 a．m.to 12：00 p．m. Grade Guidelines: K to 3rd Cost: $210 for four weeks Spring Sessions: They're now offered as four－week sessions. ※Spring Session One: January 25th－February 15th ※Spring Session Two: February 22nd－March 15th ※Spring Session Three: March 22nd－April 19th (No class in the third week) ※Spring Session Four: April 26th－May 17th What to Bring/Wear: layered clothing, shoes that cover the toes, and an individual snack Enrollment (注册): minimum of 4 students per class/maximum of 6 students Note: If you will be using a school voucher (代金券) for class payment, you can still register your child using our system. Bathroom Policy: All students must be able to go to the bathroom by themselves. Class Location: Waterfront Education Learning Hub－1021 N．Harbor Drive, Redondo Beach CA 90277 语篇解读：本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了一个科学课程的时间、收费、报名须知、上课地点等信息。 1．What is the main focus of the class? A．Learning about science in a fun way. B．Interesting facts about mad scientists. C．Practical ways to do scientific research. D．Exploring California's coast scientifically. 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句及第二段中的“as they have fun with science”可知，这个课程旨在通过有趣的方式激发孩子们对科学的兴趣，引导他们了解科学知识。 √ 2．What is the requirement for the class? A．School vouchers cannot be used. B．Kids should be aged 3 and above. C．Individual snacks are unacceptable. D．Kids should wear closed－toe shoes. 解析：细节理解题。根据What to Bring/Wear部分可知，参加该课程的学生应该穿不露脚趾的鞋。 √ 3．What type of writing is this text? A．A program review. B．A scientific report. C．An exhibition guide. D．A course advertisement. 解析：推理判断题。纵观全文可知，本文主要介绍了以“Mad Scientist”为主题的科学课程的相关信息，如时间、地点、费用、注意事项等，故本文是一则课程广告。 √ B British chemist David Evans has become an overnight celebrity on Chinese social media.His chemistry experiments have attracted over 2 million followers in just a few months.Evans is a chemistry professor at the Beijing University of Chemical Technology.The 60－year－old always wears a white lab coat, a pair of safety goggles (护目镜), and smiles often.Some web users say he looks just like the “grandpa of KFC”． Evans has posted videos of various experiments.His most popular experiments have attracted millions of hits on video－sharing apps.Excited children's cheers and shouts can be heard in his videos.“I hope my experiments can arouse people's interest in science，” he says. Evans has been interested in China since childhood.In the early 1970s, before the reform and opening－up，he viewed it as a “country full of mysteries”．He first visited China in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.He quit his job in the United Kingdom and moved to Beijing in 1996.Many of his friends thought he was crazy.But Evans says they just saw China's challenges but not its potential. Since 2011, Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science.He learned short－video apps are also popular in small cities and rural areas.And he realized this enables him to reach more students, who lack opportunities to perform fun experiments.But even a one－minute video requires a considerable amount of work.Still, he thinks it's worth it to fulfill his responsibility to popularize science. His experiments always fill schools' lecture halls with laughter.Some viewers call him “a Harry Potter－like magician”， but he disagrees.“A magician never tells the secrets behind his tricks, but a scientist always gives an explanation.” He sees himself as a teacher.He performs experiments to spread knowledge, inspire thinking, remove misunderstandings and show that science can create changes.Evans says he looks forward to more “chemical reactions” with China. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一位移居中国，并且在网上发布化学实验短视频的英国化学家普及科学的事迹。 4．Who is David Evans according to the passage? A．A film celebrity. B．A chemistry teacher. C．A manager of KFC. D．A British magician. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Evans is a chemistry professor at the Beijing University of Chemical Technology.”可知，David Evans是一位化学老师。 5．Why did Evans begin to post videos of experiments on the Internet? A．To popularize science. B．To rise to fame. C．To apply short－video apps. D．To make a fortune. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Since 2011, Evans has turned to the Internet to popularize science.”可知，他开始在互联网上发布实验视频，目的是普及科学。 √ 6．Which of the following statements is TRUE according to paragraph 3? A．Evans considered the UK to be a country full of mysteries. B．Evans first visited China in his childhood. C．Evans went to China for a chemistry meeting in 1987. D．Evans moved to Beijing with the support of his friends. 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“He first visited China in 1987 to attend a chemistry conference in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.”可知，1987年，Evans去中国参加了一个化学会议。 √ 7．What can we infer from the passage? A．Evans knows exactly how a magic works. B．Evans was a serious scientist and barely smiled. C．Evans will continue to post videos of experiments in China. D．Evans' students like to interrupt his experiments with laughter. 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的前两句和最后一段中的最后一句可推知，他将继续发布更多的实验视频。 √ C Andrew Grey doesn't fit most people's idea of an astronomer.He works in a car repair shop, not in a lab or university, yet the Australian repairman discovered a star system hiding in data from NASA's Kepler space telescope. Mr Grey is one of millions of citizen scientists helping researchers to expand collective understanding.For centuries, only a few ordinary people had been contributing to science, but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization (民主化) to science. “This is a collaborative (合作的) effort that anyone could get involved in，” says Chris Lintott, an Oxford University astrophysicist (天体物理学家) and co－founder of Zooniverse, a platform that hosts dozens of citizen science projects.Citizen scientists can contribute to breakthroughs in almost any field, from ecology to astrophysics. “As long as pattern recognition is involved, there are no limits to what can become a citizen science project，” Lintott says.“Anyone can identify patterns in images, graphs, or even seemingly boring data after a short tutorial.Machine learning allows computers to do some pattern recognition.But humans, particularly amateur scientists, don't stay focused on what they're supposed to.And that's good, because people who do that notice the unusual things in a data set.” “And citizen science doesn't have to be directed by a scientist，” says Sheila Jasanoff, director of the Program on Science, Technology and Society at Harvard University.“Citizens producing knowledge in places where official organs have failed them can also be citizen scientists，” she says.That's what happened in Flint, Michigan, when a local mother started drinking water tests that caused a broader investigation of lead levels. Citizen－powered research is as old as scientific inquiry.For centuries before science became professionalized, regular people looked for patterns in the world around them.Despite a lot of advanced equipment and computer models, scientists still welcome help from everyday people. As a professional scientist himself, Lintott says, “People think that we're intelligent, but science is easy and we need your help.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。数个世纪以来，只有少数普通人为科学做出了贡献，但科技的进步已经为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，科学是任何人都能参与的，每个人都有可能成为科学家。 8．What made citizen scientists appear? A．The high level of science projects. B．The development of technology. C．The support of the government. D．The foundation of Zooniverse. 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but advances in technology have brought a higher level of democratization to science”可知，科技的进步为科学带来了更高水平的民主化，从而使更多的普通人也能参与科学研究，促成了平民科学家的出现。 √ 9．What is an advantage of humans in pattern recognition compared with machines? A．Humans can identify patterns more swiftly. B．Humans focus their attention on data. C．Humans can observe uncommon things. D．Humans have stronger emotions. 解析：细节理解题。根据第四段尤其是最后一句可知，在模式识别方面，人类与机器相比，人类的优势在于能够注意到一些不寻常的东西。 √ 10．What is Lintott's attitude towards citizen science? A．Favorable.　　　　　　 B．Cautious. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 解析：观点态度题。根据第三段中Lintott表述的科学人人都能参与，第四段中他表述的平民科学家有自身的优势和尾段中他说的话可推知，Lintott支持平民科学。 √ 11．What would be the best title of the text? A．Citizen scientists can be intelligent B．Science is important to everyone C．Anyone can be a scientist D．Science is everywhere √ 解析：标题归纳题。文章第一段以澳大利亚汽车修理工Andrew Grey成为平民科学家来引入话题，接着又讲到天体物理学家Chris Lintott和Sheila Jasanoff对于平民科学的看法，并结合倒数第二段中的“scientists still welcome help from everyday people”可知，本文主要肯定了平民科学家，表达了任何人都可能成为科学家的观点，故C项最适合作文章标题。 D We live in an age when all scientific knowledge — from the safety of vaccines (疫苗) to the reality of climate change — faces organized and often angry opposition.Doubters have declared war on the consensus (共识) of experts.It seems that people have turned argumentative overnight. In a sense, all this is not surprising.Our lives are affected by science and technology as never before.The world seems full of real and imaginary dangers.Though scientists agree that the Ebola virus is spread only by direct contact with blood or body fluids (液体), if you type “airborne Ebola” into an Internet search engine, you'll find that some people believe that this virus has almost supernatural power. In this often confusing world, we need to rely on science to decide whether what we choose to believe has a basis in the laws of nature or not.But science doesn't come naturally to most of us.Science has often led us to truths that are really mind－blowing.For example, although the roundness of the Earth has been known for thousands of years, some still feel it hard to accept. Even when people become scientifically educated, most of them still try to make sense of the world by relying on personal experience, stories or emotions rather than statistics.When they hear a number of cancer cases in a town with a dangerous waste dump (垃圾场), they believe pollution caused the cancers.Yet two things happening together doesn't mean one caused the other.Even when they turn to the Internet, they let in only the information they agree with to strengthen their belief that has already been shaped by their worldview. How can scientists convince doubters? Throwing more facts to people may not be enough.More efforts are supposed to be made. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。现在，我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响，但是即便已经有科学证实的事实，有些人还是会依赖个人经验。科学家该如何说服怀疑者？摆出更多的事实恐怕还不够。 12．What's the text mainly about? A．How people view the world. B．What challenges science faces. C．Whether science is worth respect. D．Why people show disbelief in science. 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了有些人不相信科学的原因：虽然我们的生活前所未有地受到科学和技术的影响，但某些人还会依赖个人经验等。 √ 13．What does the underlined word “mind－blowing” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Unbelievable. B．Desirable. C．Dangerous. D．Obvious. 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的尾句“For example, although ...it hard to accept.”可知，几千年来，尽管地球是圆的这一说法已经众所周知，但仍有人觉得难以接受。由此可知，科学发现的真理往往是让人难以置信的，故画线词的意思与A项最为接近。 √ 14．How do “people” in paragraph 4 understand the world? A．They apply logical thinking. B．They stick to their own belief. C．They form the views on assumptions. D．They rely on the information on the Internet. 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段第一句的内容可知，即使人们接受了科学教育，他们中的大多数人仍然试图依靠个人经验、故事或情感来理解世界，而不是统计数据。由此可以推知，他们坚持自己的看法。 √ 15．How does the author prove his opinions? A．Through comparison. B．Through quotation. C．By giving examples. D．By making definitions. √ 解析：写作手法题。通读第二段可知，该段通过举例说明埃博拉病毒的传播途径受到人们质疑，说明事实受到质疑；通读第四段可知，该段通过举例介绍小镇上有一些癌症病例时，人们会认为是垃圾场的污染导致了癌症，说明人们往往依赖个人经验或个人情感理解世界，而不是统计数据。由此可知，作者通过举例论证其观点。 第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分) 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Around 200 years ago, a well－known English poet called John Keats attacked science.He said that British scientist Isaac Newton had “unweaved (拆解) the rainbow”．Newton explained how light forms a rainbow.For Keats, this explanation meant rainbows could no longer be beautiful. __16__ We often hear people talk of problems with science, or say that it is boring.Some people, like Keats, also say that science takes away the beauty of the world.But is this fair? First of all, science helps us get things done. __17__ When you are studying science in school, remember that one day you might be using that knowledge to build a bridge, or save a life.Next time you use your phone to send a message, remember that this is possible thanks to science.When Keats criticized Newton, the very paper he wrote on was created through science.Beyond helping society and getting things done, science also makes us think in a certain way. __18__ It teaches us never to trust our assumptions.It teaches us that sometimes, the truth is stranger than fiction. When you study science, remember what it means. __19__ Humans once looked up at rainbows, and said that they were beautiful.Science explained them, and they were no longer mysterious to us. __20__ Through science, we can find new rainbows: mysteries that lie beyond the stars themselves. A．But discovery never stops. B．This is just one example of many. C．It is a constant search for truth and knowledge. D．Science is not so closely associated with our lives. E．It asks us to believe things only through evidence. F．It helps us understand the world in which we live and how it works. G．See science as a tool to discover how living things interact and evolve on Earth. 16．选B　上一段落列举出了诗人攻击科学的例子。根据空后一句可知，人们觉得用科学解释美丽的事物很无聊。该空承上启下，故B项“这只是众多例子中的一个”符合语境，选项中“This”指代上文中英国著名诗人John Keats攻击科学的例子。 17．选F　根据上文“First of all, science helps us get things done.”可知，该空承接上文，具体说明科学如何帮助我们做事。故F项“它帮助我们理解我们生活的世界和它是如何运作的”符合语境，且与空后一句话题一致，都是在说明科学在生活中的实际应用。 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了科学的重要性、必要性以及科学发现无止境。 18．选E　根据空前一句可知，这里指出了科学让我们思考。根据空后一句可知，这里具体说明科学如何让我们思考。故E项“它要求我们只能通过证据来相信事情”符合语境，也是在具体说明科学如何让我们思考，且与下文句式相同。 19．选C　根据上文“When you study science, remember what it means.”和下文“Humans once looked up at rainbows, and said that they were beautiful.Science explained them, and they were no longer mysterious to us.”可知，该空承上启下，解释科学的真谛。故C项“它是对真理和知识的不断追求”符合语境。 20．选A　根据空后一句可知，通过不断地探索，会有更多新的科学发现，即发现无止境。故A项“但是发现从未停止”符合语境。 第二部分：语言运用(共两节，满分30分) 第一节(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist who has made several very important medical __21__.When asked why he was able to be so much more __22__ than the average person, he responded that it all came from a(n) __23__ with his mother that occurred when he was a child. Stephen tried to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator but spilled (泼出) it all over the kitchen floor.Instead of __24__ at him, giving him a lecture or chastising (指责) him, his mother said, “What a great and wonderful __25__ you've made! Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes __26__ we clean it up？” Indeed, he did.Then, his mother said, “Stephen, whenever you make a mess like this, __27__ you have to clean it up.” And together they cleaned up the spilled milk.His mother then said, “You know, what we have here is a __28__ experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands.Let's see if you can discover a way to carry it without __29__ it.”The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could __30__ without dropping it.What a good __31__ to him! This famous scientist said it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make __32__.Instead, he learned that mistakes were just __33__ for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific __34__ are all about.Even if the experiment doesn't work, we usually learn something __35__ from it. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位著名的科学家小时候的一次经历，正是妈妈的鼓励和引导，他才懂得了人生应该从错误中学习，不要害怕犯错误。 21．A.impressions　　　　　　 B．breakthroughs C．promises D．intentions 解析：根据上文“Stephen Glenn is a famous American research scientist”可知，Stephen Glenn做出了几个非常重要的医学突破(breakthroughs)。 √ 22．A.outgoing B．responsible C．warm－hearted D．creative 解析：根据上文“who has made several very important medical __________”可知，当被问到他为什么他能比一般人更有创造力(creative)。 √ 23．A.experience B．word C．argument D．adventure 解析：根据下文“that occurred when he was a child”可知，Stephen Glenn回应道他的创造力来自他小时候和母亲的一次经历(experience)。 √ 24．A.looking B．yelling C．smiling D．glancing 解析：根据下文“giving him a lecture or chastising him”可知，Stephen Glenn的妈妈并没有对他大声吼叫(yelling)或指责他。 √ 25．A.discovery B．mess C．change D．joke 解析：根据下文“whenever you make a mess like this”可知，妈妈告诉Stephen Glenn他制造了一个伟大而美妙的混乱(mess)。 √ 26．A.when B．as C．after D．before 解析：妈妈问在把牛奶清理干净之前(before)，Stephen Glenn是否愿意在牛奶里玩几分钟。 √ 27．A.gradually B．initially C．eventually D．constantly 解析：妈妈告诉Stephen Glenn无论什么时候搞得像这样一团糟，最终(eventually)都必须清理干净。 √ 28．A.successful B．failed C．completed D．useless 解析：他们做了一次关于如何有效地用两只小手拿着一个大奶瓶的失败的(failed)实验。 √ 29．A.shaking B．dropping C．lifting D．touching 解析：根据下文“he could _________ without dropping it”可知，他们在尝试找到一种能拿瓶子又不掉(dropping)的方法。 √ 30．A.make up B．make off C．make it D．make sense 解析：根据上文“The little boy learned if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands”可知，Stephen Glenn发现了成功做到(make it)的方法。 √ 31．A.attitude B．apology C．project D．lesson 解析：这对他是多么好的一课(lesson)啊！ √ 32．A.efforts B．plans C．mistakes D．decisions 解析：根据下文“Instead, he learned that mistakes ...”可知，他不必害怕犯错(mistakes)。 √ 33．A.requirements B．routines C．chances D．goals 解析：相反，他意识到错误只是学习新东西的机会(chances)。 √ 34．A.achievements B．approaches C．seminars D．experiments 解析：根据下文“Even if the experiment doesn't work”可知，此处指科学实验(experiments)。 √ 35．A.valuable B．ambiguous C．familiar D．abstract 解析：根据上文“he learned that mistakes were just _________ for learning something new”可知，即使实验不成功，我们通常也能从中学到一些有价值的(valuable)东西。 √ 第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison, __36__ invented the light bulb, always believed __37__ (fail) and false starts were the condition of success.In fact, __38__ surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post－it notes, packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.In 2600 BCE, a tired Egyptian slave invented __39__ is now called bread when the dough (面团) rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a cook in the US when a customer suggested his fried potatoes be __40__ (thin) than they were. In 1968 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong glue when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague, Art Fry decided to use it six years later, in 1974, to have his bookmarks __41__ (hold) in his books and the post－it note was invented. Successful business people have often made big, expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000, Thomas Watson, the chairman, __42__ (ask) if he would fire the man.“No，” he replied.“I have just spent $600,000 __43__ (train) him.I won't let another company __44__ (benefit) from the experience.” The important thing to remember is that you need to learn from your mistakes. __45__ you don't, then there is no point making them. 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章通过一系列案例告诉我们：许多成功的事情都是在失败中孕育出来的。不要害怕失败，要从失败中学习。 36．who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Thomas Edison，且在从句中作主语，故填who。 37．failures　考查名词及其复数。空处与“false starts”并列作主语，应用名词的复数形式，故填failures。 38．a　考查冠词。句意：事实上，相当多的日常事务都是从错误及误解中孕育出来的。固定搭配a number of意为“很多”，且surprising以辅音音素开头，故填a。 39．what　考查宾语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，故填what。 40．thinner　考查形容词比较级。than为表示比较含义的连词，应连接形容词的比较级，故填thinner。 41．held　考查非谓语动词。此处为固定结构have sth.done，故填held。 42．was asked　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，Thomas Watson与ask之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；又因为事情发生在过去，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was asked。 43．training　考查非谓语动词。spend time/money doing sth.意为“花费时间/金钱做某事”，故填training。 44．benefit　考查非谓语动词。let后接动词时应用动词原形，故填benefit。 45．If　考查连词。上文提到“重要的是，你要从错误中学习”，而下文则提到“没有从错误中学到东西，犯错就没有意义”，由此判断这是一个条件状语从句，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填If。 第三部分：写作(共两节，满分40分) 第一节(满分15分) 假定你是李华，你的美国笔友Tom得知你校上月举办了首届校园科技节活动，发邮件向你询问相关情况，请你回复邮件。内容包括： 1．活动的目的； 2．活动的形式：如校园创客(maker)大赛、科创成果展等； 3．你的感受。 注意：1.写作词数应为80左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Dear Tom， I am excited to tell you that the first Science and Technology Festival was held in our school last month. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours， Li Hua 参考范文： Dear Tom， I am excited to tell you that the first Science and Technology Festival was held in our school last month.It aimed at enriching us students' school life and promoting the students' awareness of innovation. There were a variety of activities in the festival, which included Makers on Campus, where participants could show their designs and products, and an exhibition of the students' original inventions, designs and literary works. With the enthusiastic participation and support of all the students, the activity turned out a great success. I was astonished at the schoolmates' creativity and teamwork spirits. I do hope more activities will be held in my school to provide us with chances to practice our critical thinking and problem－solving abilities. Yours， Li Hua 第二节(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 One time，the teachers at a school wanted to teach the students about airplanes.While all airplanes can fly, some are able to fly farther than others.This is because not all airplanes are built the same.For example, a fighter plane looks very different from a plane that people fly in when they want to go on a holiday.The teachers wondered how they could make students understand this. Then, the science teacher, Mr Moose, decided that the school should have a paper airplane contest.Every student would design a paper airplane.They would stand in a line in the playground behind the school.The students would take turns throwing their airplanes.The student whose airplane went the farthest would win. When Mr Moose announced the paper airplane contest to the students, they were very excited.A student named Paul, who was on the school sports team, said to everyone else that his airplane would win.“I am the strongest，” Paul said.“So I will be able to throw my airplane the farthest.” However, while Paul was saying this, another student, Brian, was thinking how he could win.Brian did not play any sports and was not very strong.But he loved airplanes and really wanted to win the contest. Brian realized what he had to do.He went to the store and bought a big stack (叠) of paper.When he got home, he took the paper into his backyard.He took a piece of paper and folded an airplane.It didn't go very far, so Brian took another piece and folded another airplane and threw it.This airplane went a little farther.Brian kept folding different kinds of airplanes and throwing them.Some went very far and some did not.Finally, when Brian had used all the paper, he walked up to the airplane that had flown the farthest and picked it up. The next day was the contest.All the students lined up.Everyone took turns.After a while, everyone had thrown except Paul and Brian.Paul went first.With a loud yell, he threw the airplane into the sky.It went farther than every other airplane.Everyone cheered. 注意：1.续写词数应为150左右； 2．请按如下格式作答。 Finally, it was Brian's turn. ________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far. _____________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文： Finally, it was Brian's turn.Brian took the airplane that he had picked up the day before.He walked up to the line and, with all his strength, he threw the plane.It went flying, farther and farther, until finally it landed — 10 feet past Paul's plane! The whole school cheered.Brian won the contest.Mr Moose gave him a prize: a toy airplane. Brian won because he tried out many solutions to the problem of how to make an airplane fly very far.He did this by testing out many different designs and comparing the results.When he found the design that worked best — the paper airplane that flew the farthest — he used it.Because Brian tried a lot of designs, he was able to make up for his lack of strength and beat Paul. 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.zghkt.cn $