内容正文:
“Understanding ideas”
的新知学习环节
Section Ⅱ
课前词汇默写
核心词汇突破
重点句式解构
课时跟踪检测
Contents 目录
01
02
03
05
04
随堂融通训练
2
01
课前词汇默写
一、阅读单词——知其义
1.life behind the lens ______背后的人生
2.the local grocery store 当地的____________
3.a celebrity party ______聚会
4.a cultural anthropologist 一位文化___________
镜头
食品杂货店
名人
人类学家
二、重点单词——写其形
1.______ for photographs 摆好姿势拍照
2.flights to _______destinations 远程航班
三、活用单词——悉其变
pose
faraway
fascinate
fascination
fascinating
fascinated
fashion
fashionable
fashionably
complicated
uncomplicated
craft
craftsman
craftsmanship
四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词)
fashionable:“n.+-able”→adj.
①comfort→comfortable 舒适的
②reason→reasonable 合理的
③profit→profitable 赢利的
五、高级词块——通其用
1._____________________ 特别注意
2.________________ 只不过;仅仅
3.________ 为……摆好姿势
4.______________ 大范围的;广泛的
5.__________ 和……一样多
6.__________________ 在某人自身的现实中
pay special attention to
nothing more than
pose for
a wide range of
as much as
within one's reality
7.______________ 对……入迷/着迷
8.____________ 对……的奉献
9._________ 投入
10.____________ 不管,不顾
11._____________ 休一天假
fascination with
devotion to
put into
regardless of
take a day off
12.__________ 从未,从来没有
13.____________ ……的方法
14.___________ 而不是
15.________ 关注
16._________ 对……的热爱
17.__________ 去世
not once
approach to
rather than
focus on
passion for
pass away
02
核心词汇突破
1.And yet every member of New York's wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for this man.
然而,纽约富裕的上流社会中每一个人都想着对他摆姿势、请他拍照。
★pose v.(使)摆好姿势;佯装,冒充;提问;造成(威胁、问题等) n.姿势
|用|法|感|知|
·(“动作描写”佳句)When I finally posed the question, “Why?” he merely shrugged.
当我最终提出“为什么?”这个问题时,他只是耸了耸肩。
·(2025·北京高考写作)A proposal on eco-friendly habits would pose practical solutions to global warming.
一项关于环保习惯的倡议将为全球变暖提出切实可行的解决方案。
·He adopted a relaxed pose for the camera.
他摆了个悠闲的姿势拍照。
[归纳点拨]
pose for 为……摆好姿势
pose as sb. 佯装/冒充/假扮某人
pose sth.to/for sb./sth. 对某人/某事物造成问题/构成威胁
pose a question to sb. 向某人提出某个问题
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①The model was posing ______the photographer carefully.
②The thief posed _____ a chimney sweeper to enter the house.
for
as
③Cats are forbidden _________________________________the bird population.
不允许猫(入内),因为它们会对鸟群构成威胁。
④He ____________________________ that should be answered quickly.
他向他的老师提出了一个亟待解决的问题。
because they can pose a threat to/for
posed a question to his teacher
2.Through his fascination with what people were wearing, and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it belonged to the people, not just to high society and big brands.
他用自己迷恋的对象——关注人们穿什么,而不是这些人是谁——向所有人打开了时尚的大门。在他看来,时尚属于民众,而不仅仅属于上流社会和大品牌。
★fascination n.着迷, 迷恋;魅力,极大的吸引力
|用|法|感|知|
·(“景物描写”佳句)Winding rivers, lofty mountains, deep valleys and sunny beaches held me entirely in their fascination.
蜿蜒的河流、巍峨的山脉、幽深的山谷和阳光明媚的海滩让我完全沉浸在它们的魅力中。
·(“人物描写”佳句) Fascinated by the structural beauty of the Forbidden City as a painter, she is equally interested to learn more about Chinese philosophy.作为一名画家,她对紫禁城的结构之美非常着迷,她同样对进一步学习中国哲学感兴趣。
·(“心理描写”佳句)On seeing their fascinating and outstanding performance, I was getting more and more nervous and began to lose confidence in myself.
看到他们精彩且出色的表演,我变得越来越紧张,并开始对自己失去信心。
[归纳点拨]
(1)hold/have a fascination for sb. 对某人有吸引力;使某人着迷
in fascination 入迷地
(2)fascinate v. 迷住;深深吸引
(3)fascinating adj. 极有吸引力的;迷人的
(4)fascinated adj. 极感兴趣的;被迷住的
be fascinated by 对……极感兴趣
be fascinated to do sth. 痴迷于做某事
|应|用|融|会|
(单句语法填空/完成句子)
①Taking a book off the shelf, he found himself ___________ (fascinate), not with the words of the book, but with the notes penciled in the margin.
②Your school organizes two travel routes to China, both of which are __________ (fascinate).
fascinated
fascinating
③A child's day is filled with ____________ (fascinate), newness and wonder.
④I ___________________________________ where I get touched by inspiring stories。
我对有关青少年的专栏很感兴趣,上面那些鼓舞人心的故事深深触动了我。
fascination
am fascinated by columns on teenagers
3.And if he went to a celebrity party, he was there to work rather than have fun.
而且如果他去参加名人聚会,他是去工作而不是玩乐。
★rather than而不是(连接两个并列成分)
|用|法|感|知|
·(主旨升华句)Seeing the bird flying away, I smiled with relief and realized I should use the real power to protect lives rather than hurt them.
看到这只鸟飞走了,我欣慰地笑了,并意识到:我应该用真正的力量来保护生命,而不是伤害它们。
·Facing up to your problems rather than running away from them is the best approach to working them out.
直面问题而不是逃避问题是解决问题的最佳方法。
归纳点拨 宁可做某事,而不愿做某事
(2)other than 不同于;除了……外
or rather 更确切地说
more than 多于;不仅仅;非常
续表
名师点津 (1)rather than用于连接两个并列成分。连接两个名词或代词作主语时,谓语动词应与rather than前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。
(2)rather than后接不定式时,不定式可以带to,也可以不带to,但rather than位于句首时,则只能接不带to的不定式。
|应|用|融|会|
(1)单句语法填空
①In my opinion, it is you rather than he that _____ (be) to blame for the terrible accident.
②The scientist insisted on testing again rather than ________ (accept) the initial result.
are
accept
(2)一句多译
在即将到来的周末,我宁愿参加社区的志愿活动,也不愿待在家里无所事事。
③In the coming weekend, I _______________________________ _________________________ stay at home doing nothing.
④In the coming weekend, I ________________________________ ____________________________ stay at home doing nothing.
⑤In the coming weekend, I ______________________________ __________________________stay at home doing nothing.
would join the volunteer activity in
the community rather than
would rather join the volunteer
activity in the community than
prefer to join the volunteer activity
in the community rather than
03
重点句式解构
1.This is what makes them so special.
这就是使得这些照片如此与众不同的原因。
感知将学语法——表语从句
句中what makes them so special为what引导的表语从句。常见的表语从句还有:
①His suggestion is that we should stay calm.
他的建议是,我们应该保持冷静。(that在从句中不充当句子成分,但不能省略)
②The problem is how we can get the things we need.
问题是我们怎样才能得到我们需要的东西。(how 在从句中充当方式状语)
③That is what I want to tell you.
那就是我想要对你讲的。(what在从句中作宾语)
④The problem is when we can get a pay rise.
问题是什么时候我们可以得到加薪。(when在从句中作时间状语)
⑤That is why she got scolded.
那就是她受训斥的原因。(why 在从句中作原因状语)
2.These things were real, and it was within their reality that Cunningham saw both beauty and potential.
这些东西是真实的,在这种真实中,坎宁安看到了美好和潜力。
本句中it was ...that ...为强调句型。
(1)强调句的基本句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分。
(2)强调句的一般疑问句:Is/Was it +被强调部分+that/who+句子其他部分?
(3)强调句的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was it that+句子其他部分?
(4)not ...until ...结构的强调句型:It is/was not until ...that ...
注意:
(1)判断句子是否为强调句型的方法:把句中的it is/was和that/who去掉,再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置,如果句子结构完整,则为强调句。
(2)强调句型用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分,不能强调谓语。被强调部分是人时,可以用who或that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时,that后谓语动词应与被强调的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构(强调黑体部分)
①She didn't mention her own plan until near the end of the letter.
→ _____________________________________________________
_______________________
It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.
②I firmly believe that with your generous help I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.
→_____________________________ I firmly believe that I will adapt to the college life as soon as possible.
It is with your generous help that
③She didn't realize the importance of education until she failed to find a suitable job.
→____________________________________________ she realized the importance of education.
It was not until she failed to find a suitable job that
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
④(续写之人物描写)正是他的勇气和决心给我留下了深刻的印象。
____________________________________made a deep impression on me.
It was his courage and determination that
⑤(2025·全国Ⅱ卷写作)正是上个月你答应写一篇关于加拿大体育运动的文章,所以我写信询问其进展并提醒你交稿截止日期。
____________________ you promised to write an article about Canadian sports, so I'm writing to inquire about its progress and remind you of the deadline.
It was last month that
3.He would even stay outside in a storm, not coming back until he knew he had the right photos.
甚至在暴风雨时,他也会待在外面,直到他认为自己已经拍摄到满意的照片才回家。
not ...until ...意为“直到……才……”。
(1)until用于肯定句时,表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间结束,所以主句的谓语动词必须为延续性动词。
(2)not ...until“直到……才”,表示主句的动作到until所表示的时间才开始,主句的谓语动词为非延续性动词。
(3)若将not until引导的从句置于句首,主句要用部分倒装。
(4)not until可用于强调句型,其构成为:It is/was not until ...that ...。
“两层级”学通用活句式
(1)通过“句式变换”弄明句式结构
①We did not get off the bus until it stopped.
→____________________________________ the bus.(强调句型)
→______________________________the bus.(倒装句)
It was not until it stopped that we got off
Not until it stopped did we get off
②He didn't realize the importance of group work until he met with the difficulty.
→Not until he met with the difficulty ______________ the importance of group work.
did he realize
(2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用
③这个男孩直到做完作业才离开他的房间。
The boy _______________________he finished his homework.
④树叶直到上个月才变黄。
__________________________ that the leaves turned yellow.(强调句型)
didn't leave his room until
It was not until last month
04
随堂融通训练
根据课文内容,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every member of New York's wealthy high society wanted nothing more than to pose for Bill Cunningham, one of the most important American photographers of ①_____ last 50 years.
the
What made Cunningham so great? He could find inspiration ②_______ others could not, in simple, everyday scenes, such as a woman ③_________ (ride) home on the graffiti-covered subway.Through his fascination with what people ④___________ (wear), and not who they were, he opened the doors of fashion to everyone — fashion as he saw it belonged ⑤____ the people, not just to high society and big brands.
Moreover, what made Cunningham great was his ⑥________ (devote) to photography, and the hours and hours of sheer hard work he put into his work.
where
riding
were wearing
to
devotion
However, Cunningham's approach to life was not ⑦____________ (complicate).Cunningham never accepted the benefits offered to him for ⑧_________(be) a fashion photographer.This lack of self-interest and promotion kept Cunningham ⑨__________ (focus) on his craft, enabling him to capture New York's unique street style.
Cunningham's passion for photography lasted throughout his life.He was 87 when he passed away, and ⑩___________________ (work) right up until his last illness.
complicated
being
focused
had been working
05
课时跟踪检测
第Ⅰ卷 语言基础训练
(一)单词拼写(6分)
(1)As a __________ (名人), she is very sensitive about what people think of her.
(2)They have just returned from ________ (遥远的) places with wonderful stories to tell.
(3)In the first movie she ever made, he played a ________ (食品杂货店) clerk.
celebrity
faraway
grocery
(4)She cleaned the ______ (镜头) that had been covered with dust, making the camera work perfectly again.
(5)________ (时尚) is the area of activity that involves styles of clothing and appearance.
(6)The distinction between ________ (技能) and fine art is more controversial.
lens
Fashion
craft
(二)单句语法填空(8分)
(7)In the picture, we can see that some young ladies are dressed in ___________ (fashion) clothes.
(8)I've had a lifelong ____________ (fascinate) with the sea and small boats.
(9)All three were attendants at the wedding, with 2-year-old Zoe even posing ____ pictures.
(10)Had the problem not been solved in an _____________ (complicate) way, we wouldn't have finished the task on time.
fashionable
fascination
for
uncomplicated
(三)选词填空(20分)
a passion for, not once, pass away, pose a threat to, pay special attention to, regardless of, a wide range of, rather than, devotion to, nothing more than
(11)As a soldier, he showed selfless ___________ duty.
(12)Does technology _______________ the purity of Chinese language?
(13)The chemist says she always has ______________ science.
devotion to
pose a threat to
a passion for
(14)I think you'd call it a lecture ___________ a talk.
(15)The great writer ____________ ten years ago, but many of his works are still popular.
(16)The island offers ______________ offshore banking facilities.
(17)The newly discovered notes are _________________ Lang's personal journal.
rather than
passed away
a wide range of
nothing more than
(18)Everyone has the right to good medical care _____________ their ability to pay.
(19)You should ______________________ what you have written in the composition, as it directly affects your final score.
(20)_________ did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class.
regardless of
pay special attention to
Not once
(四)完成句子(8分)
(21)Some people might think that “global warming” means ____________________________________________, but it is actually a disaster for some island countries.(nothing more than)
有些人可能会认为,“全球变暖”只意味着全球温度上升,但实际上对某些岛国来说,这是一场灾难。
nothing more than a rise in the global temperature
(22) She ___________________ she had made sure that everything was in order.(not ...until ...)
直到确信一切都井然有序后,她才去睡觉。
(23)I prefer to do something that is difficult and challenging ___________________________.(rather than)我更愿意做有难度和有挑战的事情,而不是做简单的事情。
didn't go to bed until
rather than do something easy
(24) ______________________________________________ they realized that it was high time to take action to stop pollution.(强调句型)
直到这个地方被严重污染了,他们才认识到是时候采取行动阻止污染了。
It was not until the area was seriously polluted that
第Ⅱ卷 语篇综合训练
(一)阅读理解
Lin Xi, engaged in electronic disassembly (拆卸) art, has proved with her experience that no effort is in vain.
Lin's work is to tear apart used electronic products and then present the components in an artistic way.“After being put back together, the once dusty items will become exhibition pieces that remind the owners of their childhood experience, a period of hard work or a deep-rooted memory,”
she says.Initially, Lin has to contact her customers to learn the stories behind each one and the type of presentation they prefer.Then comes the disassembly.The components, after being carefully cleaned, will be laid out on a piece of white paper in the desired order.The final step is to use graphics software to draw and print a base plate.
Lin gained her popularity on a short-video platform.However, it was not luck that brought Lin her current success.She first tried her hand at live streaming in 2017 as a performer singing popular songs.At the time she was a senior at Beijing Foreign Studies University.After graduation, she went to the UK for further study.
During her one-year stay abroad, Lin visited many museums and appreciated exhibitions on different subjects, varying from insects to dolls.She was so fascinated by an exhibit of used light bulbs, which gave her the inspiration to disassemble electronics and present the components like a decorative painting.She returned to China in 2019 and taught herself how to use digital design software.
Before officially starting her business, Lin surveyed her followers to see whether they would be interested in buying electronic disassembly art.“It is important to know who your target audience is when running social media accounts,” she explains.Speaking of the future, she notes that there are no big plans, but she will keep focusing on her daily work.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。从事电子拆卸艺术的林西用她的经验证明了:只要付出就有回报。
√
1.What is the first step of Lin's work?
A.Tearing apart electronic products.
B.Communicating with the customers.
C.Cleaning the components carefully.
D.Presenting the components artistically.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Initially, Lin has to contact her customers to learn the stories behind each one and the type of presentation they prefer.”可知,林的工作的第一步是与客户沟通。
√
2.What made Lin Xi start her business?
A.Graphics software.
B.An Internet platform.
C.An exhibition.
D.A painting.
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的“She was so fascinated by an exhibit of used light bulbs ...taught herself how to use digital design software.”可知,是一个展览会促使林西创业的。
√
3.Why did Lin Xi conduct a survey?
A.To satisfy her own curiosity.
B.To locate her target audience.
C.To make her followers interested.
D.To promote her social media account.
解析:细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Lin surveyed her followers ...‘It is important to know who your target audience is when running social media accounts,’ she explains.”可知,林进行调查的原因是找到她的目标受众。
√
4.What can best describe Lin Xi?
A.Brilliant and caring.
B.Careful and ambitious.
C.Generous and determined.
D.Creative and organized.
解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Initially, Lin has to contact her customers to learn ...Then comes the disassembly ...The final step is to use graphics software to draw and print a base plate.”可知,林西很有条理;根据第二段首句及全文介绍可知,她很有创意。
(二)完形填空
For a decade, Xie Jincheng has been buried in his duties at the National Library of China (NLC) in Beijing.When asked how old he was, he had to pause for a few seconds to 5 .
Each working day, he sits at a desk and focuses on handling ragged yet 6 pieces of paper in front of him.As one of 17 restorers of 7 books at the NLC, he shakes off centuries of old dust to 8 the works he deals with.
Xie doesn't require a large 9 to use his skills.Using glue, scissors, tweezers (镊子), brushes and several other simple 10 , he skillfully restores the pages in front of him.
It's estimated that the NLC 11 more than 3 million ancient Chinese books.The world's biggest 12 of its kind, it comprises about 10% of such books in the nation.In China, the term “ancient books” 13 works before 1911.
Xie, who majored in chemistry at college, 14 to cultural relics conservation at graduate school, realizing that there was a 15 of restorers of ancient books in China.
It took Xie more than two yeas of 16 his tutors and developing his talent before he was formally assigned to 17 his first page.
Restoration of books is like seeing a doctor.If the doctor is good, your illness will 18 immediately following treatment.But if not, you may die taking the medicine.So if you cannot see a good 19 , you'd better keep your item as it is.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了中国国家图书馆古籍修复师谢谨诚修复古籍的故事。
5.A.look B.talk
C.laugh D.remember
解析:由上文“When asked”可知,此处应指谈到(talk)被问的问题。
√
6.A . priceless B.complete
C.neat D.ready
解析:由yet可知,此处与上文ragged形成转折,再结合下文的“As one of 17 restorers of ...”可知,此处为破旧但价值连城。
√
7.A.modern B.popular
C.ancient D.handy
解析:由上文“破旧但价值连城的纸张”以及下文“shakes off centuries of old dust”可知,此处为古籍修复者之一。
√
8.A.revise B.renew
C.make D.finish
解析:由上文提到的“修复古籍”以及“抖落几个世纪以来的灰尘”可知,此处为修复他与之打交道的作品。
√
9.A . space B.time
C.energy D.patience
解析:由上文“large”以及下文“he skillfully restores the pages in front of him”可知,此处指他不需要很大的空间(space)来施展他的技能。
√
10.A.materials B.methods
C.tools D.actions
解析: “glue, scissors, tweezers (镊子), brushes”都为工具,且空前有and。由此可知,此处为其他一些工具(tools)。
√
11.A.donates B.trades
C.digs D.houses
解析:由下文“more than 3 million ancient Chinese books”可知,此处应为“藏有”之意。
√
12.A.decoration B.selection
C.collection D.exhibition
解析:由上文“藏有300多万册古籍”以及下文“of its kind”可知,它是世界上最大的同类图书收藏。
√
13.A . refers to B.adds to
C.differs from D.dates from
解析:由句意以及下文“works before 1911”可知,“古籍”指的是1911年以前的作品。
√
14.A.kept B.switched
C.objected D.replied
解析:由上文“who majored in chemistry at college”以及后来从事古籍修复工作可知,此处为转向文化遗产保护专业。
√
15.A.leave B.storage
C.shortage D.return
解析:由转向文化遗产保护专业以及上文提到的古籍修复工作可知,他意识到中国缺乏古籍修复者。
√
16.A . observing B.supporting
C.satisfying D.praising
解析:由空格处和“developing his talent”为并列关系,以及下文“he was formally assigned to __________ his first page”可知,谢花了两年多的时间观察他的导师,培养他的才能。
√
17.A.edit B.restore
C.copy D.rewrite
解析:根据上文“skillfully restore”可知,此处为他被正式指派进行首次修复。本空属于原词复现。
√
18.A.shift B.worsen
C.decrease D.disappear
解析:由上文“If the doctor is good”以及下文“following treatment”可知,你的病会在治疗后立即好转。
√
19.A.visitor B.librarian
C.craftsman D.doctor
解析:根据下文“keep your item as it is”可知,如果你找不到一个好的工匠,你最好让你的物品保持原样。根据常识可知,古籍修复师也是工匠。
√
(三)语法填空(15分)
Yan Junhai, a talented artist from Handan, has been getting a lot of attention online thanks to his ability 20 (create) detailed busts (半身像) of passers-by in 21 matter of minutes.
Yan Junhai rose to Internet fame after a video of him 22 (work) his magic on the streets of Changsha 23 (post) on social media in 2018. The short video shows him crafting pieces of clay into 24 (incredible) detailed busts of random people on the street. Yan Junhai only uses his bare hands and a fine clay sculpting knife, in what seems like faint light, but the results of his work 25 (be) nothing short of awe-inspiring.
Today, Yan Junhai has provided more than a hundred students 26 professional training. For him, clay sculpture is not just about passing on a skill — it is about continuing a cultural legacy. Each student, 27 (view) as a seed full of hope, is ready to explore new artistic possibilities.
Yan Junhai's story is not just the journey of a craftsman's hard work, but also a 28 (power) interpretation of the inheritance (继承) of traditional culture. If you're now in Handan and want a unique souvenir, look for a street artist 29 is carving clay busts. You won't regret it.
语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了艺术家闫俊海因能在数分钟内为路人创作精细泥雕半身像而出名,其作品令人惊叹。他通过培训百余名学生传承文化遗产,让传统技艺焕发新生。
20.to create 考查非谓语动词。“the ability to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“做某事的能力”,此处用动词不定式to create修饰ability,作后置定语。
21.a 考查冠词。“in a matter of minutes”是固定短语,表示“在几分钟内”,此处需用不定冠词a。
22.working 考查非谓语动词。句子中a video of him后接动名词作宾语补足语,him是work的逻辑主语,且work与him为主动关系,故用working。
23.was posted 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。主语video与post(发布)之间为被动关系,时间状语in 2018表明为过去时,故用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为第三人称单数,故用was posted。
24.incredibly 考查副词。需用副词修饰形容词detailed,incredible的副词形式为incredibly。
25.are 考查时态及主谓一致。句子主语the results为复数,结合上文谓语动词uses和seems可知为一般现在时,故be动词用are。
26.with 考查固定短语。“provide sb. with sth.”为固定搭配,意为“为某人提供某物”。
27.viewed 考查非谓语动词。Each student与view(看作)为被动关系,用过去分词viewed作后置定语。
28.powerful 考查形容词。需用形容词修饰名词interpretation,power的形容词形式为powerful。
29.who 考查定语从句。先行词为a street artist(指人),在从句中作主语,用关系代词who引导定语从句。
(四)主题微写作(15分)
选用以下本课词汇写一个英语片段,描述一位你最钦佩的人及其成就。词数60左右。
celebrity, pose, fascination, craft, pay special attention to, a wide range of, devotion to, approach to, rather than, focus on, passion for, pass away
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The celebrity I admire most is Wu Guanzhong, a master of Chinese painting. He posed for countless sketches, showing great fascination for art. With his devotion to craft, he paid special attention to lines and colors, creating a wide range of works. His approach to art was to focus on spiritual expression rather than realistic details. Though he has passed away, his passion for art still inspires many people.
本课结束
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