Unit 4 Adversity and courage Words and Expressions 单词课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版选择性必修第三册

人教版(2019)新教材高中英语选择性必修第三册 Unit 4 ADVERSITY AND COURAGE Words and Expressions 1.adversity [ ədˈvɜːsəti ]: n. 困境; 逆境 (pl. adversities) =dilemma [dɪˈlemə]: n.(进退两难的)窘境; 困境 in adversity: 在困境/逆境中 in a dilemma: 处于窘境/困境中 in trouble: 在麻烦中 in need: 在危难/贫困中 in difficulty/difficulties:在困难中 1)The old athlete overcame many personal adversities. 2)He showed great courage in adversity. 2. wage [weɪdʒ]: n. 工资(小时/天/周工资),多用复数，体力劳动者工资 v. 开展，发动（运动或战争）offer/pay/raise a wage: 提供/支付/上调工资 wage sth (against/on sb/sth) 开始/发动/进行/继续(战争/战斗等) salary [ˈsælərɪ]: n. (月)工资; 薪水 (也可用来表示年薪) a salary of 300,000 dollars a year: 年薪30万美元 pay:n(工作所得的)工资; 薪水,通用词,可代替salary/wage get a rise/raise: 涨工资 【语境应用】用salary/wage/pay完成句子。 1) Building workers usually get their ______ by the hour. 2) The president’s _______ is $200, 000 a year. 3) He doesn’t like the job, but the ________ is good. wages salary pay 3. bitter [ˈbɪtə(r)]: adj. 严寒的; 激烈而不愉快的; 味苦的 n.苦啤酒 bitterly adv. 伤心地; 愤怒地; 极其;非常 bitterness n.苦味; 痛苦; 悲痛; 酷烈 bitter cold: 严寒 a bitter wind 刺骨寒风 1)It is really bitter out there. 2)The quarrel between Kate and Betty was bitter. 3)The medicine left a bitter taste in my mouth. 4. expedition [ˌekspəˈdɪʃn]: n. 探险; 远征; 探险队(复数+s) plan/lead/go on an expedition to ...: 计划/带队/去...探险 a shopping expedition 外出购物 1)Shackleton was one of the most famous explorers of his day and it was considered a great honour to be part of his expeditions. 2）They have decided to postpone the expedition until next month. 5. endurance [ɪnˈdjʊərəns]: n. 忍耐力; 耐久力 endure [ɪnˈdjʊə(r)] v. 忍受;（put up with) 持续; (un)endurable adj 可以忍受的，耐用的 beyond endurance 忍无可忍 endure to do/doing 忍受.... endure hardship 吃苦 1)Work hard,and a success will endure. 2)This sport tests both physical and mental endurance. 6. vigour/vigor [ˈvɪɡə(r) ]: n. 精力; 力量; 活力 vigorous [ˈvɪɡərəs] adj. 精力充沛的; 充满活力的; 朝气蓬勃的 vigorously adv. 精神旺盛地;活泼地 =energy (energetic /energetically) =power =strength be full of energy/vigour: 精力充沛 1)At the age of 19, I am fit and full ofvigour. 2)The news filled him with vigour. 3)A brief rest restored the traveller’s vigour 7. turn sb. down: 拒绝(某人)=reject =refuse turn down　　　拒绝; 关小; 调低 turn up 出现; 发生; 调高 turn in 上交; 拐入; 告发 turn out 结果是; 证明是; 生产; 制造turn out（to be）结果是 turn on 打开 turn off 关掉 turn to sb. for help向某人求助 turn to: 求助于；致力于；转向 turn over 翻转；仔细考虑；移交；转让 turn away 走开，避开，转过脸，解雇 (1)A person lacking endurance will be turned down by the company. 一个缺乏忍耐力的人会被这个公司拒绝。 (2)The baby is sleeping. Could you turn __ the music？ (3)I often turn_____ my classmates or teachers for help. As a result, I have made steady progress in my studies. (4)It is already nine o’clock，but he hasn’t turned yet. (5)She was ______________ from the door. She couldn’t come in. down to up turned away 8. qualified [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪd ]: adj. 符合资格; 具备…的知识/技能/学历等 qualification [ˌkwɒlɪfɪˈkeɪʃn]：n. 资格; 资历; 学历 qualify [ˈkwɒlɪfaɪ] v. （使)有资格/权利; 达到标准; be qualified for: 有…的资格=have the qualification(s) for be/feel qualified to do...: 有…做什么的资格 =qualify sb. to do sth. 使某人有资格做某事 =have the qualification(s) to do sth qualify (sb) for sth (使某人)有权做某事 qualify as 取得....的资格，作为....合适 1.You shouldn’t turn down that man who was qualified for the job. 你本不该拒绝那个有资格做这个工作的人。 2.In my opinion，the clever man is __(qualify) to accept the job. 3.The test will qualify you __(drive) the new car. 4.The young girl has the (qualify) to teach English. 5.Mrs Wang has taken a certificate and she qualifies ________ a bus driver. qualified to drive qualification as 9. enthusiastic [ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk]: adj. 热情的; 热心的 enthusiastically: adv. 热情地; 热心地 enthusiasm [ɪnˈθjuːziæzəm]: n. 热情; 热心 enthusiast 热心者 enthusiastic fan 发烧友 be/become enthusiastic about...: 对... 热情/热心 be full of /lack enthusiasm 充满/缺乏热情 with enthusiasm 热情地 (1)With the help of an enthusiast (enthusiastic),I had no difficulty finding his home. (2)I’m sure the magazine will appeal to you,for you’ve been enthusiastic about sports. (3)Every day, she works ________________ (enthusiastical) (4)Today, I am just as ________________ (enthusiasm) about my job as the day I first started. enthusiastically enthusiastic 10. aboard [əˈbɔːd]: adv. & prep. 上(船/飞机/公共汽车等) board [bɔːd]: n. 板子; 地板; 董事会 abroad [əˈbrɔːd]: adv. 到国外; 去国外; 在国外 broad adj宽广的，宽阔的 aboard the plane/ship/bus/train 在飞机上/船上/公共汽车上/火车上 go/get aboard the plane/ship/bus/train登机/上船/上公共汽车/上火车 at home and abroad domestic and foreign countries 15 All aboard! 请大家上车/上船/上火车！ get into/out of a car(train/ship): 上/下小车(火车/船) get on/off a bus (plane/ship/train): 上/下公共汽车(飞机/船/火车) 【语境应用】完成句子。 1) They waved goodbye to him as he went ________ the ship. 2) There was a “For Sale” ________ outside the house. 3) She often goes ________ on business. 4) He was six feet tall, with ________ shoulders. aboard board abroad broad 11. cupboard [ˈkʌbəd ]: n. 橱柜; 壁橱; 衣柜 (pl. cupboards) cup [kʌp]: n. 杯子; 茶杯; 奖杯 board [bɔːd]: n. 板子; 地板; 董事会 kitchen cupboards 厨柜 built-in cupboards 壁橱 He hid in a cupboard, but was soon discovered and brought to Shackleton. 12. assign [əˈsaɪn]: vt. 分派; 布置; 分配 assignment : n. (分派的)工作; 任务=task =work assign sb. sth. = assign sth. to sb. 分配给某人某物 assign sb. to do sth. 指派某人做某事 =assign sb to sth assign sb. as sth. 指派某人任某一职务 (1)The task ________ (assign), dangerous or otherwise, must be finished as scheduled. (2)The reporter was assigned ________(cover) the news.   (3) He has just come off a difficult ____________(assign). (4)The teacher has _______ (assign) each of us a holiday task since two days ago. (5)They’ve assigned their best man to the job. (assign) (6)The two large classrooms have been assigned to us. (assign) assigned to cover assignment assigned 13. steward [ˈstjuːəd ]: n. (轮船/飞机/火车上的)男乘务员; 男服务员 stewardess [ˌstjuːəˈdes]: n.(轮船/飞机/火车上的)女乘务员; 女服务员 servant [ˈsɜːvənt]: n. 仆人; 佣人; 公务员; 雇员 passenger [ˈpæsɪndʒə]: n. 乘客; 旅客 1)He assigned me to be a steward. 3)My uncle went around the world as a ship’s steward. 14. envy [ˈenvi ]: n.& vt. 羡慕; 妒忌=jealousy envious adj. 满怀嫉妒的=jealous envy sb sth 嫉妒/ 羡慕某人有某物 envy sb doing sth 羡慕/ 嫉妒某人做某事 out of envy 出于羡慕；出于嫉妒 be green with envy 眼红了/嫉妒了 feel envy of/at sth 羡慕/嫉妒... be the envy of sb/sth: 成为...羡慕/忌妒的对象/东西 1)I envy you having such a big family.(have) 2)I feel envy at/of your success. 15. crush [ krʌʃ ]vt.毁坏; 压坏; 压碎=crash n. 拥挤的人群=crowd crushing adj.毁坏性的，惨重的 crushed adj.被压碎的 crush one’s hopes/enthusiasm/confidence 粉碎某人的希望/热情/信心 have a crush on sb (短暂的)迷恋某人(不熟识的人) 1) She had a crush on you, you know. 2) We saw the ship get crushed by the ice. 16. sink [sɪŋk]: vi. 沉没;下沉; 下降 vt. 使下沉; 使沉没 (sank [sæŋk] /sunk [sʌŋk] -- sunk) sink = set = go down: (太阳/月亮)落下 rise: v.升起 be sunk in sth 陷入不快（或沉思thought）中 sink to the bottom of the sea 沉入海底 She just sat there, _______________________(陷入沉思). 1)And when the ship sank, our hearts sank with it. 2)Their ship has sunk to the bottom of the sea. sunk/lost in thought 17. abandon [ əˈbændən ]: vt. 舍弃; 抛弃; 放弃 =give up：放弃; 投降(doing) abandoned adj. 抛弃了的；废弃的；放纵的 abandon sth./sb. to sb. 舍弃某物/人而被别人取得 abandon sth. for sth. 舍弃某物去取另一物 abandon oneself to (doing) sth. 陷入/沉湎于 abandon doing 放弃做... with abandon 纵情；放任地 abandon a place/sth. 离开某地/某物 abandon one’s hope/plan/idea 放弃希望/计划/主意 (1)Those who abandon _____ (they) to despair can’t succeed. (2)By no means shall we abandon ____(search) for the missing people. (3)The girls jumped up and down and waved their arms_________ abandon. (4)The villagers ______________________________________ (放弃他们的村庄，把它留给敌人). (5)He felt hopeless and _______________________________ —————————————— (整天到处闲逛). themselves searching with abandoned their village to the enemies abandoned himself to playing around all day long 18. stove [stəʊv]: n. 炉具; 厨房灶具 cook [kʊk]: v. 煮; 烹饪; 烹调 n. 厨师; 炊事员 cooker [ˈkʊkə]: n. 炊具; 厨具 1)She put a pan of water on the stove. 2)You get some water and I’ll light the stove. 3)The temperature in the stove remains high after the fire was put out. 19. blanket [ˈblæŋkɪt]: n. 毯子 carpet [ˈkɑːpɪt]: n. 地毯 a wet blanket 扫兴的人，泼冷水的人 a blanket of snow/fog 厚厚的一层雪/雾 The mother put a blanket over the sleeping child. 20. belongings [bɪˈlɒŋɪŋz]: n. [pl.] 财物; 动产 belonging (c)所有物，附属物，财产 （u）归属 a sense of belong 归属感 belong [bɪˈlɒŋ]: v. 该在; 处在; 适应 belong to...：属于; ...是成员 注意：belong to不用于进行时和被动语态。 1)When he joined the club,he felt a sense of ___________. (belong) 2.Look after your personal  　belongings　⁠ （belong） while waiting for the bus. belonging belongings 21. miserable [ˈmɪzrəbl]: adj. 痛苦的;令人难受的 miserably: adv. 痛苦地; 艰苦地; 令人难受地; 悲惨地 desperate [ˈdespərət]: adj. 拼命的; 绝望的 desperately: adv. 绝望地; 不顾一切地; 拼命地 despair [dɪˈspeə(r)]: n. 绝望 in despair: 失望地; 绝望地 1)I spent a miserable weekend alone at home. 2)What a miserable day it is today! 22. voyage [ˈvɔɪɪdʒ]: n. & vi. 航海; 航行; 航天(pl. voyages) trip: n. 旅行 (普通用词，常指短途旅行) journey [ˈdʒɜːnɪ]: n. 旅行; 旅程 (最普通用词，主要指时间较长、距离较远的陆上/水上/空中的旅行。) tour: n. 旅游; 观光 (距离可长可短) travel: n. 旅行 (泛指旅行的行为) 完成句子 (1) _______________________ has been one of unbroken smoothness. 他的人生旅程一直一帆风顺。 (2)They died of thirst __________________ . 他们在航行途中因缺水而死亡。 (3) ____________________ took him 600,000 kilometers in orbit. 他的太空之旅有600 000公里是在轨道上航行。 (4) ________________________ will take us a week. 我们航行到英国将历时一周。 The voyage of his life on the voyage The voyage in space The voyage to England 23. navy [ˈneɪvi]: n. 海军; 海军部队 join the navy：参加海军 join the army： 参加陆军 join the air force： 参加空军 1)No navy in the world ever stops at Elephant Island, and no one else knows that we are here. 2)Henry joined the navy when he was 20 and he is retired now. 24. decent [ˈdiːsnt]: adj. 相当不错的; 正派的; 得体的 decently adv. 合适地; 体面地; 像样地; 有礼貌地; decency n. 正派; 正直; 体面; 社会上高尚文雅行为的标准; descendant [dɪˈsendənt]: n. 后代; 子孙 a decent meal/job/place: 相当不错的饭菜/工作/地方 1)There is a need for more money so that all children may have a decent education. 2)The people around here are ordinary, decent, hard-working people. 25. cosy/cozy [ˈkəʊzi]: adj. 温馨的; 舒适的(cosier /cosiest) cosily/cozily: adv. 舒适地; 惬意地 cosiness/ coziness n. 舒适，安逸 comfortable : adj. (使人)舒服的; 舒适的 comfortably: adv. 舒服地; 舒适地 1)We felt warm and cosy sitting by the fire. 2)She has a cosy and warm bedroom. 26. selfish [ˈselfɪʃ ]: adj. 自私的 selfishly: adv.自私地;任性地 selfless [ˈselfləs]: adj. 无私的 selflessly : adv. 无私地 It be selfish/selfless of sb to do...: 某人做什么是自私的/无私的 1)He is selfish and does not like to help others. 2)Some people think that you are selfish at times. 3)It is selfish not to let other know this good thing. 27. good/bad-tempered: adj. 脾气好的/坏的 temper n 脾气 v 使缓和，给(钢琴）调音，磨练 get very bad-tempered 爱发脾气 1)How could I become as selfish and bad-tempered as Thomas Orde-Lees! 2)Peter’s mother is a good-tempered/bad-tempered woman. 28. genuine [ˈdʒenjuɪn ]adj. 真正的; 真诚的; 可信赖=real genuinely adv.真诚地；诚实地 real flower/gold/leather/diamond/ pearl/silk: 真花/金/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝(指物品是真的而非假冒或人造的时, 常可与 genuine 换用) fake: 假的(指伪造的、冒充的) fake news/fur/leather/diamond/ pearl/silk/laugh/smlie: 假新闻/皮毛/皮革/钻石/珠宝/丝/笑 true -- false (指什么与事实是否相符, 而非妄言或虚假的) 1)Do you think it is genuine/real/fake gold? 2)Only genuine/real farmers can apply for the cheap houses. 3)The old woman is very genuine. 4)Her father is a very genuine person. 5)This is a genuine painting by Picasso. 29. perseverance [ˌpɜːsəˈvɪərəns ]: n. 毅力; 韧性; 不屈不挠的精神 persevere [ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪə(r) ]: vi. 坚持; 孜孜以求persevere in/with sth: 对什么坚持不懈 persevere in doing sth: 对做什么坚持不懈 persevere with sb: 对某人坚持不懈 1)Study requires perseverance. 2)The Chinese people show great perseverance in the face of difficulty. 30. resolve [rɪˈzɒlv]: vi. & vt. 决定; 决心; 解决(问题或困难)(decide/solve) n. 决心; 坚定的信念=decide/determine/solve/settle/address resolve to do...: 决定/决心做什么 resolve on sth/on doing sth: 决定什么/做什么 resolve an issue/a conflict/a crisis: 解决问题/冲突/危机 strengthen one's resolve to do sth坚定某人做...的决心 resolution [ˌrezəˈluːʃn]: n. 决议; 解决; 坚定pass/adopt/carry a resolution: 通过一项决议 make a resolution/resolve to do sth 决心/决定做...... 单句语法填空 (1)They made a firm resolve ________ (set) up a company of their own to realize their dream. (2)Mike resolved ________ (run) for the mayor of their city. (3)He has already resolved on ________ (ask) Mary for marriage. (4)They haven’t found a proper __________ (resolve) to that problem. to set to run asking　 resolution 31. cruel [ˈkruːəl]: adj. 残酷的; 残忍的; 冷酷的 cruelly adv. 残酷地; 残暴地; <口>极度地; 非常; cruelty n. 残酷，虐待; 不公 it is cruel to do sth. 做某事是残忍的、残酷的 be cruel to…: 对…残酷/冷酷 be rude to…: 对…无礼/粗鲁 be mean to...: 对...刻薄 be friendly to…: 对…友好 be nice/good/kind to...: 对...好 be thankful/grateful to...: 对...感谢/感激 选用cruel, cruelly或cruelty填空 (1)I can’t stand people who are ________ to animals. (2)So ________ is the man that he never shows any mercy to whoever is against his opinion. (3)Their beautiful dream was broken ________ . (4)You will answer for your ________ to the people around you. (5)Both were ________ tired, yet Becky said she thought she could go a little farther. cruel　 cruel cruelly cruelty　 cruelly 32. thorough [ˈθʌrə]: adj. 深入的; 彻底的; 细致的 thoroughly: adv.非常; 极其; 彻底; 完全 对比：through [θruː]: 通过; 穿过; 因为 though/although [ðəʊ] [ɔːlˈðəʊ]: 虽然; 但是 thought [θɔːt]: n. 思想; 想法 (1) ________________________________________，four things are necessary. 为了完全掌握一门外语，有四点是必要的。 (2)This explanation, of course,___________________ by everyone present. 当然，在场的每一个人都完全理解这种解释。 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly was thoroughly understood 33. furniture [ˈfɜːnɪtʃə(r)]: n. 家具 (U.) furnished with furniture 34. unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtʃənətli]: adv. 不幸地;遗憾地 fortunately: adv. 幸运地=luckily fortunate [ˈfɔːtʃənət]: adj. 幸运的; 侥幸的; 吉利的 lucky fortune [ˈfɔːtʃən] [ˈfɔːtʃuːn]n. 运气luck; 机会; 幸运; 财富 be fortunate to do sth. 幸运做某事 =be fortunate in doing sth因做某事感到幸运 It's fortunate that... 幸运的是…… seek one's fortune 找出路;碰运气=try one's fortune make a fortune 发财 (1)Unfortunately，instead of hitting the ball，he hit his own false teeth! 不幸的是，他没打到球，反而打到了自己的假牙！ (2)While staying with me，he talked of the ____________ (fortunate) accident. (3)It is (fortune) for him to get such a valuable chance. (4)The young man decided to __ in that city，but failed. unfortunate fortunate make a fortune 35. bark [bɑːk]: vi.& n. (狗)吠叫; 吠叫声 bark at sb/sth 对...汪汪叫 bark out sth 厉声发令/厉声质问 bark out an order 厉声宣布命令 a bark of laughter 一声大笑 1)The dog has been barking for about two hours. I really hope it will stop soon. 2)The dog suddenly started to bark at the stranger. 36. bat [bæt]: n. 球拍; 蝙蝠 vi.& vt. 用球板击球; 挥打; 拍打 (batted -- batting) go to bat for sb 帮助（或支持）某人 1)I have left my bat at home. 2)When she sees the bat, she will close the door. 37. damp [dæmp]: adj. 潮湿的; 湿气重的 (常含令人不舒服的之意)n. 湿气; 潮湿;v.弄湿; 削弱; 抑制; damply adv. 潮湿地，衰减地; damp a hat 弄湿帽子 wet [wet]: adj. 湿的 1)Timmy is holding a table tennis bat and his short hair is damp with sweat. 2)The plants grow best in cool, damp conditions. 3)The old house is cold and damp. 38.recreation[ˌrekriˈeɪʃn]:n娱乐;消遣;(u)游戏,娱乐活动(c) =game=match [mætʃ]: n. 比赛 recreate v. 重现; 重建; 再创造; 娱乐；消遣recreational adj娱乐的，消遣的 recreational activities 娱乐活动/设施  1)Jason’s only recreation is painting. He has been learning how to paint for over five years. 2)His recreations include bowling, football and shooting. 39. guidance [ˈɡaɪdns]: n. 指导;引导;导航 guide [ɡaɪd]: n. 向导; 导游; v. 指导; 指引; 带路 guide sb. to…引导某人到…… under one’s guidance: 在…的指导下 without the guidance of sb. 没有某人的指导 with one’s help = with the help of...: 在...的帮助下guidance for sb. on sth. 就某事给予某人的指导 seek guidance from sb. 向某人寻求指导 1)He finally finished the research paper under his tutor’s guidance. 2)Children need discipline, but they also need guidance. 40. nephew [ˈnefjuː]: n. 侄子; 外甥(pl. nephews) niece [niːs]: n. 侄女 brother --- sister son --- daughter cousin [ˈkʌzn]: n. 堂兄/弟/姐/妹; 表兄/弟/姐/妹 1)My nephew has been collecting comic books since he was five. Now he has more than two hundred of them. 2)She has a nephew who is 60 years old. 3)The man entrusted his nephew with the task. 41. advertising [ˈædvətaɪzɪŋ]: n. 广告活动; 广告业 advertisement/advertizement/ad.n. 广告; 宣传; 榜样 put/place an advertisement: 打广告 launch an advertising campaign 发起广告活动 advertise [ˈædvətaɪz ]: vt. & vi. 公布; 宣传; 做广告 advertiser n. 登广告的人 advertise for sb/sth(在报纸/公告牌/互联网等）公布/征聘... be advertised as…被宣传为…… =advertise sb/sth as 把.....宣传为 (1)If you want to attract more customers, try ____________ (advertise) in the local paper. (2)We are currently advertising ________ a new sales manager. (3)She advertises herself ________ the best cook in the town. (4)The ___________ (advertise) spoke too highly of their products in the advertisement. (5)Now we can see ______________ (advertise) almost everywhere. advertising for　 as　 advertiser advertisements 42. corporate [ˈkɔːpərət ]: adj. 公司的; 法人的; 社团的corporation [ˌkɔːpəˈreɪʃn] n. 大公司; 法人; 市政委员会=firm =company [ˈkʌmpənɪ]: n. 公司; 陪伴 1)The company has launched an advertising campaign to promote its corporate image. 2)The law applies to both individuals and corporate bodies(团体). 3)We no longer expect corporate profits to improve. 43. rough [rʌf ]: adj. 汹涌的; 粗糙的; 粗略的; 困难的 roughly: adv. 大约; 粗暴地 tough [tʌf]: adj. 困难的; 艰难的; 棘手的 toughly: adv. 坚强地; 固执地;能吃苦耐劳地 be rough on sb.对某人粗暴苛刻 a rough sea 波涛汹涌的大海 a rough time 艰难时期 a rough road 崎岖的道路 1)A fishing ship sank in rough seas. 2)The farmer’s hands are rough from hard work. 44.navigator[ˈnævɪɡeɪtə]n领航员(飞机/船舶等上的)航行者 navigation [ˌnævɪˈɡeɪʃn]: n.导航; 领航; 航行 navigate v导航，航行 1)A navigator checks the map and watches out for road signs. 2)Christopher Columbus was a famous navigator. 45. loyal [ˈlɔɪəl]: adj. 忠诚的; 忠实的=devoted loyally adv. 忠诚地 loyalty n 忠诚，忠贞 be loyal to...: 对...忠诚 a loyal friend/supporter: 忠实的朋友/支持者 1)I must thank them for their long and loyal service. 2)They had remained loyal to the president. 3)Her whole family were loyal supporters of the Chicago Bulls. 46. motor [ˈməʊtə(r)]: n. 发动机; 马达 adj. 有引擎的; 机动车的 engine [ˈendʒɪn]: n. 发动机; 引擎 a motor accident: 机动车事故 a motor cycle 摩托车 an electric motor 电动机 1)The driver got into the car and started the motor. 2)Theft of motor vehicles is up by 10 %. 47. candidate [ˈkændɪdət]: n. 候选人; 应试者 a candidate for ....的候选人/申请人/ 投考者/应试者 candidates for the job 求职者 1)Many candidates still applied to join such explorations. 2)Who will be the presidential candidate? 3)There are a large number of candidates for the job. 4)A candidate is someone who is taking an examination. 48. make fire: 生火 set … on fire: 放火烧; 使…着火=set fire to...: 放火烧catch fire: 着火(动作) be on fire: 着火(状态) be on fire for 因……而激动；充满激情 under fire受到攻击 be full of fire 充满激情 light a fire:点火 put out the fire: 灭火 play with fire: 玩火; 冒大风险 on/over the open fire: 在篝火上 (1)Tell the children not to ________________ in the house. It’s too dangerous. (2)There is a big forest fire on the hill. A lot of firefighters have been sent to ________________ . (3)It’s so cold in the open air. Shall we ________________ to keep ourselves warm? (4)Look, the car is ________. Let’s go and put it out. (5)It’s too dark on the country road. We had to ________ to give light. play with fire put out the fire make fire on fire light a fire 49. give off: 放出(光/热/声音/气体等) give out：发出(光/热/声音/气体等)，分发;用完;耗尽 give in 屈服;投降;让步;上交 give back 归还 give away 分发;赠送;泄露,颁发 give up 放弃 give way to 给……让路;向……让步 1.Well，if you don’t want to read it，______________ 2.The government food to people who are out of work. 3.We invited a famous scientist the prizes. 4.She decided to give these old clothes ________ . 5.You’ve given ________ a good chance of success. 6.It isn’t mine; I must give it ________ to the owner. 7.He will soon give ________ because he cannot win the game. 8.The English teacher gave ___________ the examination papers at 7:50． 9.I can’t answer that puzzle; I give ________ give it back gave out to give away up/away away back up out/away up 50 . episode [ˈepɪsəʊd ]: n. 插曲;一集; (人生的)一段经历; (小说的)片段(pl. episodes) experience [ɪkˈspɪərɪəns]: v. 经历; 体验 n. 经验(U.); 经历; 体验(C.) 1)This was an episode in my life that I would never forget. 2)I would like to try and forget the whole episode. 51. commitment [kəˈmɪtmənt]: n. 承诺; 保证; 奉献 committed adj.尽心尽力的；坚定的 commit [kəˈmɪt]: v. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等) vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等) made a commitment to do...: 承诺/保证做什么 commit suicide/crimes/ murder 自杀/犯罪/谋杀 commit to + 名词/代词: 承诺某事 commit sb/oneself to doing(do) sth...: 承诺/保证什么 commit sb/oneself to doing: 奉献做..... =be committed to (doing) sth...:奉献做..... (1)A career as an actor requires one hundred percent commitment. 演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。 (2)He made a (commit) that he would attend the ceremony on behalf of his school. (3)Countries around the world have already committed themselves to (set) up a Climate Adaptation Fund. (4)The young man who __ was caught by the police last night. 那个犯罪的年轻人昨晚被警察抓住了。 commitment setting had committed a crime 52. motive [ˈməʊtɪv]: n. 动机; 原因; 目的 motiveless adj.无动机的，无目的; motivate vt. 使有动机;促动;激发;诱导; motivation n. 动力; 积极性; motive for (doing)sth ......的动机/原因/目的 =a motive to do sth. 做某事的动机 purpose n. 目的; 意图=reason n. 原因; 理由 1)What were the motives for their actons? 2)However, the motive for many was to experience a great adventure. 60. Confucianism [kənˈfjuːʃənɪzm]: n. 孔子学说; 儒家(学说) 1)The philosophy of Confucius, also known as Confucianism, has deeply influenced Chinese culture. 2)The main philosophy in Asia is the Confucianism. 61. Ernest Shackleton [ˈɜːnɪst ˈʃækltən]: 欧内斯特·沙克尔顿(英国探险家) We watched as Shackleton and the boat sailed away from Elephant Island. 62. Perce Blackborow [ˈpɜːs ˈblækˌbɒrəu]: 珀西·布莱克博罗 (“坚忍”号服务员) Antarctica Antarctica Antarctica 63. Antarctica [æn'tɑ:ktɪkə]: 南极洲 There were no trees growing on Antarctica and no oil, so the only fuel we could use was animal fat. 64. the Antarctic [æn'tɑ:ktɪk]: 南极地区 南极洲,围绕南极的大陆,地球七大洲之 一。位于地球南端,四周被太平洋、印度洋和大西洋所包围。南极洲由大陆、陆缘冰、岛屿组成,总面积1424.5万平方公里,其中大陆面积1239.3万平方公里,陆缘冰面积158.2万平方公里,岛屿面积7.6万平方公里。全境为平均海拔2350米的大高原,是世界上平均海拔最高的洲。大陆几乎全被冰川覆盖,占全球现代冰被面积的80%以上。 65. the South Pole: 南极 66. South Georgia Island: [ˈdʒɔːdʒə] 南乔治亚岛(南极洲) 67. Frank Wild: 弗兰克· 怀尔德 68. Thomas Orde-Lees: ['tɒməs ɔːd 'liːz] 托马斯·奥德利斯 69. Frank Worsley: 弗兰克·沃斯利 [ˈwɜːsli] 70. Tom Crean: 汤姆·克林 [kri:n] 71. Hubert Hudson ['hju:bət 'hʌdsn]: 休伯特·赫德森 72. Lionel Greenstreet : [ˈlaɪənl] 莱昂内尔·格林斯特里特 One of our group members, Lionel Greenstreet, noted in his diary about how bored he was with the meals. Thank you! [知识拓展] (1)a piece of furniture 一件家具 (2)furnish vt. 装修；布置，设置；提供；供应 furnish sth.with sth. 用……布置…… furnish sb./sth.with sth.＝furnish sth.to sb./sth. 为某人/某物提供某物 be furnished with 备有；安装有 (3)furnished adj. 备有家具的 [即学即练]　单句语法填空 ①Eleanor moved into a small (furnish) apartment. ②Many proprietors (业主) try to furnish their houses antiques. ③The house is crammed with priceless (furnish) and works of art. $