内容正文:
专题07 介冠连代数(复习讲义)
目 录
01 析·考情目标
02 筑·专题框架
03 攻·重难考点
真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨
考点一 介词
考点二 冠词
考点三 连词
考点四 代词
考点五 数词
04 测·预测闯关
命题透视
1.从命题形式上看,山东中考已全面弱化语法单项选择的考查,介词/冠词/连词/代词/数词为完形填空、短文填空、语法填空核心考点,书面表达中为基础隐性扣分点,是山东中考语法体系核心基础专题。
2.从命题内容上看,冠词以泛指/特指辨析、固定搭配、零冠词为核心;介词以时间/地点介词、固定搭配为核心;连词以并列连词、状语从句从属连词(主将从现)、逻辑关系判断为核心;代词以人称/物主/反身代词、不定代词为核心;数词以基数词变序数词、分数表达、概数用法为核心;单题多融合2个及以上考点。
热考角度
考点
2025年
2024年
2023年
介词
①山东滨州·29题
②山东济南·33题
①山东济南·32题
②山东威海·23题
①山东淄博·2题
②山东济南·22题
冠词
①山东聊城·35题
②山东日照·45题
①山东菏泽·1题
②山东济南·53题
①山东菏泽·1题
②山东青岛·1题
连词
①山东聊城·1题
②山东滨州·28题
①山东临沂·40题
②山东枣庄·30题
①山东菏泽·15题
②山东济南·34题
代词
①山东聊城·8题
②山东济南·41题
①山东淄博·2题
②山东青岛·9题
①山东淄博·9题
②山东济南·25题
数词
①山东滨州·37题
①山东东营·1题
②山东淄博·37题
/
命题预测
1. 语境化:越来越注重在具体语境中考查五大词类,很少孤立考查语法规则。
2. 综合化:一道题中可能综合考查多个考点。
3. 高频化:介词短语、从句引导词、泛指/特指冠词标志、物主代词指代、序数词最高级搭配。
4. 生活化:选材多与日常生活、社会热点等相关,让学生在熟悉情境中运用五大词类。
数
词
考
点
考点方向
考点内容
命题聚焦
1)基数词 2)序数词
1.基数词的构成和用法
2.序数词的构成和用法
1.考查重点:
日期与时刻表达法;
小数、分数和百分数的表达法;
年龄表达法;
倍数表达法等
2.常考题型:
选择题、词汇运用和完型填空等
考点一 介词
1. (2025·滨州卷)It was a lovely spring day. I walked slowly with my mother in the garden. I saw many flowers. 29 roses, there were also some small, unknown but beautiful flowers.
A.Besides B.Above C.Without D.Through
2. (2025·济南卷)A group of neighbors, 32(led) by Sarah, decided to change an unused corner of the street 33 a community garden.
A.by B.from C.with D.into
3. (2024·济南卷) However, putting creams 32 your face is only part of the answer; it is important that we keep fit and healthy.
A.in B.on C.to D.off
4. (2024·威海卷) We encourage visitors to follow the safe route. 23 your safety, do not anger the animals. Two years ago, a tiger hurt two visitors who threw rocks at it.
A.From B.For C.About
5. (2023·淄博卷) But for this seven-year-old girl, gardening is about people, not just about fruits and vegetables. “My favorite thing is growing food 2 my family and friends,” she says.
A. in B.to C.as D.with
6. (2023·济南卷) When they walk in, their 8-year-old son, Bert, always gets a high-five 22 Victor and they joke a lot.
A. from B.to C.beside D.on
一、时间介词
介词
用法
例子
at
具体时刻
at half past six, at seven o’clock
三餐
at breakfast / lunch/ dinner
无Day的节日
at the Mid-Autumn Festival, at Christmas
年龄
at 7 years old/at 7/at the age of 7/at age 7
中午,深夜
at noon/ night
on
星期
on Sunday, Monday…
具体日期
on 15th July
有Day的节日
on New Year’s Day
具体某一天的早中晚
on the morning of July 1st , on a cold morning
in
上午,下午,晚上
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
月份
in May/ April/ June…
季节
in winter/ spring…
年份
in 2022
before
在…之前
Wash your hands before dinner.
after
在…之后
Please close the door after dinner.
from
从…起
The meeting will be held from 8 to 10.
during
在…期间
I had fun during the summer holiday.
二、方位介词
介词
含义及用法
例子
in
在…里面,表示在某物体的内部;
在…,后面一般接较大的地点
There is a pen in the box.
I live in China.
at
在…,一般用于较小的、较具体的地点
You can get off the bus at the next stop.
on
在…上面,两者相互接触
There is a book on the desk.
under
在…的正下面,两者不接触
My pet cat is under my chair.
behind
在…的后面
Lingling sits behind me.
in front of
在…(外部)的前面
There is a small tree in front of the
classroom.
in the front of
在…(内部)的前面
I stand in the front of the classroom.
next to
在…旁边
The bank is next to the library.
between
在两者之间,词组between ... and ...
Our school is between the bank and the cinema.
above
在…上方,两者不接触,不一定正上方
A bird is flying above us.
opposite
在…的对面
The bank is opposite the supermarket.
on the corner of
在…拐角处
The shop is on the corner of the street.
三、方式介词
介词
用法
例子
in
in+语言/材料/颜色/声音等
They were speaking in Italian.他们在讲意大利语。
Write your homework in pen.用钢笔写家庭作业。
They girl in red is my sister.穿红衣服的女孩是我妹妹。
He read the text in a low voice.他低声地读课文。
on
on+电器/媒介等
I often watch games on TV. 我经常在电视上看足球比赛。
with
with+工具/身体器官等
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
The room is cooled with air conditioner.这房间用空调降温。
by
by+交通工具/其他工具/身体器官等
Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去?
He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。
You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用电话订票。
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4、 介词短语及固定搭配
· 介词+名词
at home 在家里;at the same time 同时;at times有时;at breakfast早餐时
by bus乘公共汽车;by the way 顺便说;by the time到···时候;by mistake 错误地:by the door在门口
in the end最后;in order to以便;in time及时;in English用英语;in the future 将来
on Sunday 在星期天;on duty 值日;on business出差;on holiday在休假;on time准时
with pleasure很乐意;with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
· be+形容词+介词
be angry with(sb.)生某人的气;be afraid of害怕;be full of 充满;be interested in对···感兴趣;
be famous for因····而著名;be proud of 对···感到骄傲;be worried about 为····担心
· 动词+介词
agree with同意;ask for要求;begin with 以.....开始;come from来自;get on/off上/下车;
fill…with用···装;fall off从···落下;hear from收到(某人)的信;hear of听说;look at看
· 介词+名词+介词
in the middle of 在···中间;in the front of 在···前面;at the beginning of 起初;by the end of
到···为止;at the age of在···岁时
· on the morning of July 1st 具体某天早中晚用 on
· in the tree(外来物) / on the tree(长在树上)
· in front of(外部前面) / in the front of(内部前部)
· except 除…… 之外(不包含) / besides 除…… 之外还有(包含)
看到年、月、季节、早中晚 → 选 in
看到星期、具体日期、某天早中晚 → 选 on
看到几点几分、noon/night → 选 at
看到交通工具前无冠词 → 选 by
看到工具、身体部位 → 选 with
看到key/answer/way 后面 → 固定 to
考点二 冠词
1. (2025·聊城卷)On 35 (冠词) day of the festival, the young Yi people wear their ethnic dresses and go to a mountainside.
2. (2025·日照卷)Her goal was to be 45 youngest person to row across the Atlantic.
3. (2024·菏泽卷) —What________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a
4. (2024·济南卷) As soon as I said the wrong letter, I knew I had made 53 mistake. But it was too late!
5. (2023·菏泽卷) —Is this your pen?
—No, it isn’t. ____1____ red one is mine.
A.A B.An C.The
6. (2023·青岛卷) I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wonderful film.
A.a B.an C.the D./
1. 不定冠词a/an,泛指“一个”,用于首次提到的人或物。
· a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前(如 a university, a useful book)。
· an 用于元音音素开头的单词前(如 an hour, an honest boy, an “h”)。
· 固定搭配:have a rest, have a cold, take a walk, in a hurry
2. 定冠词 the 表特指,指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人/物。
· 独一无二的事物前:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
· 序数词 / 最高级前:the first, the best
· 乐器前:play the piano, play the guitar
· 姓氏复数前:the Greens 格林一家
· 方位词前:in the north, on the left/right
3. 定冠词 the 表特指,指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人/物。
· 三餐、球类、棋类前:have breakfast, play basketball, play chess
· 星期、月份、季节、节日前:on Monday, in summer, on Teachers’ Day
· 学科、语言前:English, math, music
· by + 交通工具:by bus, by bike, by car
· 混淆a/an的判断依据:看发音,不看字母。如university以辅音音素开头,用a;hour以元音音素开头,用an。
· 固定搭配误用冠词:play the basketball (×) → play basketball (√)。
· 泛指和特指不分:首次提到用a/an,再次提到或特指用the。
冠词的用法口诀
名词有两"冠",定冠不定冠,定冠就是the,不定a和an。
先分特泛指,确定大路线。泛指不定无,特指the定冠。
泛指可数单,须用a或an;辅音前用a,an在元音前;
复数不可数,泛指不用冠;前有代词限;冠词不再见。
考点三 连词
1. (2025·聊城卷)They may not be so famous to the public, 1 these common people are also working hard to build a better world.
A.so B.or C.but
2. (2025·滨州卷) 28 I didn’t tell my mother what had happened that day, she noticed my unhappiness and asked me if I wanted to take a walk in the garden.
A.Until B.Unless C.Since D.Although
3. (2024·枣庄卷) 30 they aren’t at the farm during the weekdays, they can pay the workers for their service of taking care of their land.
4. (2024·临沂卷) After lunch, we explored more of the museum 40 stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left!
5. (2023·菏泽卷)“Believe me! You’ll be really sorry 15 you don’t come. There are no schools in Toyland. Every day is a Saturday except for Sunday.”
A.although B.if C.unless
6. (2023·济南卷) The 29-year-old Victor was deeply moved 34 he learned what his young customer had done.
A.a B.an C.the D./
1、 并列连词
1. 并列连词
单词
含义及用法
and
意为“和”,表并列或顺承关系
用于“祈使句, and+陈述句”结构
but
意为“但是”,常用于口语中,语气较强,泛指与前述情况相反,不能与though和although连用
or
意为“或者”,表示任选其一
意为“否则”,用于“祈使句, or+陈述句”结构,相当于“If you don't..., you will...”
for/so
意为“因为/所以”,表因果关系
2. 并列连词短语
短语
用法
both...and...
用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语等
either...or...
或者……或者……
要么……要么……
neither...nor...
两者都不……
not only...but also...
不但……而且……
2、 从属连词
1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, until/till, as soon as, before, after, since等。
He left the office after he finished his work.他完成工作后离开了办公室。
2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as/so long as等。
I will go to the airport to meet you as long as you come.只要你来,我就去机场接你。
3.引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so... that..., such... that...等。
I was so angry that I couldn't say a word.我太生气了,以至于一句话也说不出来。
4.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有though/although, no matter..., even if/though等。
Although it rained heavily, I had to go.尽管雨下得很大,但我还是得走。
5.引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, in order that等。
I can help you take care of your child so that you can have a rest.我可以帮你看孩子,这样你就可以休息一下了。
6.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since等。
He was unhappy because the girl turned down his invitation.他不开心,因为这个女孩拒绝了他的邀请。
7.引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where, wherever。
You shouldn't go where you are not asked to.你不能去不让你去的地方。
· either...or..., not only...but also..., neither...nor...都可连接两个相同的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语等。它们连接两个并列主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
· although/though不能和but连用。
· because和so不能同时出现。
先看前后句逻辑:顺承 / 转折 / 因果 / 条件
看到 will / won’t 优先想 if / unless(主将从现)
看到 why 提问,直接选 because
看到 though/although,坚决不选 but
看到 not 结尾,优先考虑 until(not…until)
考点四 代词
1. (2025·聊城卷)So far, Sun and his team have done 8 meaningful to the society.
A.nothing B.everything C.something
2. (2025·济南卷) Local children, who often prefer fast food, have surprised everyone by eagerly trying the fresh vegetables they’ve grown 41 .
A. herself B.himself C.ourselves D.themselves
3. (2024·淄博卷) Emma was a young girl with kindness. She always looked for ways to help others. 1(After) school every day, she visited Mrs Thompson, an elderly lonely lady. Emma would then talk with 2 and help with the chores.
A.it B.him C.her D.them
4. (2024·青岛卷) Li Lei: Ms. Wang. She 69(guided) me to do better in math. And she helped me solve problems by 70 . Who will you miss?
A.ourselves B.themselves C.myself D.himself
5. (2023·淄博卷)Rachel says, “I harvest (收获) them, then my family and friends can have some. People who don’t have enough food are invited to take what 9 need.”
A.I B.you C.we D.they
6. (2023·济南卷) Victor treats 25 with kindness, and he always knows exactly what they want. “I love working here as I have a chance to make people feel good every day,” he often says.
A.nobody B.someone C.everyone D.none
· 人称代词主格(I, you,he...)作主语;宾格(me, you,him...)作宾语。
· 物主代词形容词性(my,your...)后接名词(my book);名词性(mine, yours...)单独使用(This book is mine.)
· 反身代词myself, yourself, himself... 用于搭配:enjoy oneself, by oneself, help oneself to....
· 不定代词
1 some/any:some用于肯定句或表请求的疑问句;any用于否定/疑问句。
2 few/a few(修饰可数名词);little/a little(修饰不可数名词)。
3 both(两者都)/either(两者任一)/neither(两者都不);all(三者及以上都)/none(三者及以上都不)。
4 复合不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等作主语时为单数,且其形容词后置。
· 物主代词混淆:This is my book.=This book is mine. (√),注意名词性物主代词可单独作主语/宾语。
· 不代词用:There is few water left. (×)→little (√)(water 不可数)。
· 指代不一致:Each student has their own desk.(×)→his or her (√),或用复数形式调整。
1. 看空格后是否有名词:后接名词用形容词性物主代词(my book),无名词用名词性物主代词(mine)。
2. 看名词可数/不可数:few/a few 修饰可数名词,little/a little 修饰不可数名词。
3. 看数量范围:both(两者都)/either(两者任一)/neither(两者都不);all(三者及以上都)/none三者及以上都不)。
考点五 数词
1. (2025·滨州卷)In fact, this was Zheng’s 37 (one) performance on the street in Milan.
2. (2024·东营卷)I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister.
A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third
3. (2024·淄博卷) We are excited to be pen pals with you. Thanks for telling us about New Hampshire, We would love to visit someday, especially in the winter so we can see snow for the 37 (one) time.
一、基数词与序数词的辨析及应用
1. 基数词表数量
· 用于描述具体数量(如three books)
· 编号表达:用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”(如Room 302 = the 302nd room)。
· 年龄表达:“基数词+years old”或“at the age of+基数词”(如He is 15 years old)。
2. 序数词表顺序
· 一般加定冠词the(如the third floor),但前有物主代词时省略the(如my second try)。
· 不规则变化需重点记忆:如first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth等。
二、概数与确数的区分
1. 确数用法
· 单位词(hundred, thousand, million)前有具体数字时用单数(如two hundred students)。
2. 概数用法
· 单位词加s + of表示不确定数量(如thousands of trees)。
· 易错点:误将确数写成复数(如two hundreds错误)或漏掉of(如hundred of错误)。
三、分数、百分数与主谓一致
1. 分数表达
· 分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子>1时分母加s(如2/5 → two fifths)。
· 特殊形式:1/2 → a half,1/4 → a quarter,3/4 → three quarters。
2. 主谓一致规则
“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语由of后的名词单复数决定(如Two thirds of the water is polluted)。
四、时间、日期与年份的规范表达
1. 时刻表达
· 顺读法(如7:20 → seven twenty)。
· 逆读法:≤30分钟用past(如7:20 → twenty past seven);>30分钟用to(如7:40 → twenty to eight)。
2. 日期与年份
· 日期用“月+序数词”(如May 1st)。
· 年份分两组读(如2024 → twenty twenty-four)。
五、合成形容词与倍数表达
1. 合成形容词结构
“基数词+名词(单数)”用连字符连接(如a 10-meter-long bridge)。
2. 倍数表达
A is three times as big as B(A是B的三倍大)。
A is twice bigger than B(A比B大两倍)。
· 生日表达混淆基数词与序数词,June 2nd(日期必须用序数词,2的序数词是second,非twoth)。
· 序数词前漏掉定冠词the或多余a/an,The first student...(序数词前通常加the,除非有物主代词,如her second try)。
· 确数hundred,thousand,million不加s,且无of;概数hundred,thousand,million必须加s+of。
· "分数+of+名词"作主语时,谓语动词由of后的名词决定单复数。
· 看到第几、楼层、日期 → 用序数词
· 看到多少个、年龄 → 用基数词
· 看到 hundred/thousand 前有数字 → 不加 s
· 看到 hundreds/thousands of → 必加 s
· 看到 -year-old 作定语 → 名词一定单数
◇预测 01 单句语法填空
1.【新角度·通过介绍昆明考查代词】Kunming, the capital of Yunnan, is known for ________ (it) comfortable weather.
2.【新情境·通过狗的对比考查代词】 My dog is well-trained, but ________ (she) is still learning basic commands.
3.【新角度·通过对人的评价考查代词】Most people want to change the world, but few want to change _______. (they)
4.【新情境·通过介绍黄旭华考查代词】Huang Xuhua, the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine (核潜艇)”, gave ________ (he) whole life to our country.
5.【新情境·通过Jerry的家庭团聚日考查数词】Jerry’s family has made the ________ (five) day of each month their reunion day.
6.【新情境·通过城市举办国际马拉松考查数词】This is the ______ (five) time our city has held the International Marathon.
7.【新角度·通过日常场景考查状语从句时态】I ________ (get) home with my sister while my mother was cooking.
8.【新情境·通过介绍国际进口博览会考查数词】The _______ (eight) China International Import Expo was held successfully in Shanghai.
9.【新角度·通过名言考查介词】Stars shine for everyone e________ (除了) those who close their eyes.
10.【新情境·通过介绍许渊冲考查介词】Xu Yuanchong is a great translator. He translated many Chinese poems i________ English.
11. 【新情境·通过提醒青少年注意安全考查介词】We teenagers should learn to guard a________ any possible danger around us.
12.【新角度·通过介绍普通话考查连词】The official language of China is Putonghua, ________ the foreigners usually call it Mandarin.
13.【新情境·通过对比长江和亚马孙河考查连词】The Yangtze is the longest river in China, ________ the Amazon is longer than it.
14.【新情境·通过日常对话考查代词】N________ you nor Tom stays at home to look after the little sister.
15.【新情境·通过2022年冬奥会的官方口号考查冠词】—Do you know the official motto of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Lin Tao?
—Yes, it’s “Together for ________ Shared Future”.
16.【新情境·通过介绍中国的CR450高铁时速考查冠词】China’s CR450 bullet train can travel at a speed of 400 kilometers ________ (one) hour.
17.【新情境·通过介绍Chat GPT考查冠词】ChatGPT is ________ great step in science and technology.
18.【新情境·通过介绍神农考查冠词】One day, Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over ________ open fire.
19.【新情境·通过介绍屈冬玉考查冠词】Qu Dongyu is ________ official(官员) of the United Nations, who is from Yongzhou.
20.【新情境·通过对战士的赞扬考查代词】In the face of danger, all the fighters were brave and n________ of them give up.
◇预测 02 单项选择
1.【新角度·通过谈论古城之旅考查代词】—Tina, did you buy ________ when you went to Zhaohua Ancient City last Sunday?
—Of course. I bought some Fried dough twists (麻花) for my parents.
A.anything special B.special anything C.something special D.special something
2.【新情境·通过Tom入选国家队考查代词】Only Tom was selected for the national team, while ________ remained in the club.
A.other B.another C.others D.the others
3.【新角度·通过高速铁路促进快速旅行考查代词】The new high-speed railway makes ________ possible to travel between cities quickly.
A.it B.this C.that D.one
4.【新情境·通过游览黄浦江考查代词】Tourists can enjoy different night views on ________ side of the Huangpu River.
A.either B.neither C.both D.all
5.【新情境·通过科学家完成实验考查代词】With limited equipment, the scientists tried ________ best to complete the experiment.
A.them B.their C.theirs D.themselves
6.【新情境·通过介绍昆明的空气考查数词】The weather in Kunming is so comfortable and I have been there ________ times. If possible, I still want to go there a ________ time.
A.three; fourth B.third; fourth C.three; four D.third; four
7.【新角度·通过介绍漂亮的村庄考查代词】The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days.
A.others B.the others C.the other D.another
8.【新情境·通过介绍洪崖洞考查数词】________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.
A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of
9.【新角度·通过介绍中国举办庆祝反法西斯胜利80周年考查数词】China held a commemoration to celebrate the ________ anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War on September 3rd, 2025.
A.eighth B.eighteenth C.eightieth D.eightyth
10.【新情境·通过介绍北京大阅兵考查介词】Our country held the grand military parade (大阅兵) ________ September 2025 in Beijing.
A.on B.in C.at D.of
11. 【新情境·通过我们能看到彩虹的所有颜色考查介词】We can see all the colors of the rainbow ________ black and white.
A.besides B.beside C.except D.including
12.【新角度·通过谈论微信考查定语从句】Thanksgiving is celebrated ________ the fourth Thursday ________ November.
A.on; on B.in; in C.in; on D.on; in
13.【新角度·通过谈论2025年国际足联女足世界杯比赛考查介词】The 2025 FIFA Women’s World Cup match will be held ________ 10:30 this Saturday morning, and we will watch it on TV.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
14.【新角度·通过谈论电影《哪吒》考查定介词】—The film Nezha 2 is a great success! Have you watched it?
—Not yet. But I will watch it ________ the weekend.
A.in B.to C.on D.by
15.【新角度·通过中国在绿色能源方面取得了巨大进步考查介词】China has made great progress in green energy ________ we still have a long way to go to achieve greater development.
A.so B.or C.and D.but
16.【新角度·通过谈论互联网公司的人长时间工作考查连词】—Are people in Internet companies complaining about long working hours?
—Yes. They make great contributions to IT industry, ________ they can’t achieve a balance between life and work.
A.or B.if C.but D.since
17.【新角度·通过谈论火的利弊考查连词】Fire can be a powerful tool, ________ it can also be dangerous if it is not used properly.
A.nor B.but C.or D.so
18.【新角度·通过谈论2024年巴黎奥运会和残奥会的吉祥物的座右铭考查代词】The mascots for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games share a motto (座右铭): Alone we go faster, ________ together we go further.
A.but B.because C.although D.so
19.【新角度·通过谈论詹天佑考查冠词】Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
20.【新角度·通过谈论民间音乐会考查冠词】Folk music has _________ strong local colour. The ticket to the folk concert has _________ special offer today.
A./; / B./; a C.the; the D.a; the
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专题07 介冠连代数(复习讲义)
目 录
01 析·考情目标
02 筑·专题框架
03 攻·重难考点
真题动向 核心提炼 易错警示/技巧点拨
考点一 介词
考点二 冠词
考点三 连词
考点四 代词
考点五 数词
04 测·预测闯关
命题透视
1.从命题形式上看,山东中考已全面弱化语法单项选择的考查,介词/冠词/连词/代词/数词为完形填空、短文填空、语法填空核心考点,书面表达中为基础隐性扣分点,是山东中考语法体系核心基础专题。
2.从命题内容上看,冠词以泛指/特指辨析、固定搭配、零冠词为核心;介词以时间/地点介词、固定搭配为核心;连词以并列连词、状语从句从属连词(主将从现)、逻辑关系判断为核心;代词以人称/物主/反身代词、不定代词为核心;数词以基数词变序数词、分数表达、概数用法为核心;单题多融合2个及以上考点。
热考角度
考点
2025年
2024年
2023年
介词
①山东滨州·29题
②山东济南·33题
①山东济南·32题
②山东威海·23题
①山东淄博·2题
②山东济南·22题
冠词
①山东聊城·35题
②山东日照·45题
①山东菏泽·1题
②山东济南·53题
①山东菏泽·1题
②山东青岛·1题
连词
①山东聊城·1题
②山东滨州·28题
①山东临沂·40题
②山东枣庄·30题
①山东菏泽·15题
②山东济南·34题
代词
①山东聊城·8题
②山东济南·41题
①山东淄博·2题
②山东青岛·9题
①山东淄博·9题
②山东济南·25题
数词
①山东滨州·37题
①山东东营·1题
②山东淄博·37题
/
命题预测
1. 语境化:越来越注重在具体语境中考查五大词类,很少孤立考查语法规则。
2. 综合化:一道题中可能综合考查多个考点。
3. 高频化:介词短语、从句引导词、泛指/特指冠词标志、物主代词指代、序数词最高级搭配。
4. 生活化:选材多与日常生活、社会热点等相关,让学生在熟悉情境中运用五大词类。
数
词
考
点
考点方向
考点内容
命题聚焦
1)基数词 2)序数词
1.基数词的构成和用法
2.序数词的构成和用法
1.考查重点:
日期与时刻表达法;
小数、分数和百分数的表达法;
年龄表达法;
倍数表达法等
2.常考题型:
选择题、词汇运用和完型填空等
考点一 介词
1. (2025·滨州卷)It was a lovely spring day. I walked slowly with my mother in the garden. I saw many flowers. 29 roses, there were also some small, unknown but beautiful flowers.
A.Besides B.Above C.Without D.Through
【答案】A
【解析】句意:除了玫瑰,还有一些不知名但美丽的小花。
Besides除了;Above在……上方;Without没有;Through通过。根据“there were also some small, unknown but beautiful flowers”可知,花园里除了玫瑰还有其他的小花,故选A。
2. (2025·济南卷)A group of neighbors, 32(led) by Sarah, decided to change an unused corner of the street 33 a community garden.
A.by B.from C.with D.into
【答案】D
【解析】句意:一群邻居在萨拉的带领下,决定将街道上一个闲置的角落改造成一个社区花园。
by通过;from从;with和;into转变成。根据“decided to change an unused corner of the street...a community garden”可知,将街道上一个闲置的角落改造成一个社区花园,此处是change...into...“将……转变成……”。故选D。
3. (2024·济南卷) However, putting creams 32 your face is only part of the answer; it is important that we keep fit and healthy.
A.in B.on C.to D.off
【答案】B
【解析】句意:然而,在脸上涂抹面霜只是答案的一部分。
in在里面;on在上面;to向;off离开。根据“put creams...your face”可知是把面霜放在脸上。故选B。
4. (2024·威海卷) We encourage visitors to follow the safe route. 23 your safety, do not anger the animals. Two years ago, a tiger hurt two visitors who threw rocks at it.
A.From B.For C.About
【答案】B
【解析】句意:为了你的安全,不要激怒动物。
From来自;For为了;About关于。根据“your safety”可知,为了你的安全,故选B。
5. (2023·淄博卷) But for this seven-year-old girl, gardening is about people, not just about fruits and vegetables. “My favorite thing is growing food 2 my family and friends,” she says.
A. in B.to C.as D.with
【答案】D
【解析】句意:我最喜欢的事情是和家人朋友一起种植食物。
in在……里面;to到;as作为;with和。根据“growing food...my family and friends”可知是和家人朋友一起种植食物。故选D。
6. (2023·济南卷) When they walk in, their 8-year-old son, Bert, always gets a high-five 22 Victor and they joke a lot.
A. from B.to C.beside D.on
【答案】A
【解析】句意:当他们走进来的时候,他们8岁的儿子伯特总是和维克多击掌,他们经常开玩笑。
from来自;to朝;beside在……旁边;on在……上面。根据“Bert, always gets a high-five…Victor”可知,此处表示“和维克多击掌”,from符合题意。故选A。
一、时间介词
介词
用法
例子
at
具体时刻
at half past six, at seven o’clock
三餐
at breakfast / lunch/ dinner
无Day的节日
at the Mid-Autumn Festival, at Christmas
年龄
at 7 years old/at 7/at the age of 7/at age 7
中午,深夜
at noon/ night
on
星期
on Sunday, Monday…
具体日期
on 15th July
有Day的节日
on New Year’s Day
具体某一天的早中晚
on the morning of July 1st , on a cold morning
in
上午,下午,晚上
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening
月份
in May/ April/ June…
季节
in winter/ spring…
年份
in 2022
before
在…之前
Wash your hands before dinner.
after
在…之后
Please close the door after dinner.
from
从…起
The meeting will be held from 8 to 10.
during
在…期间
I had fun during the summer holiday.
二、方位介词
介词
含义及用法
例子
in
在…里面,表示在某物体的内部;
在…,后面一般接较大的地点
There is a pen in the box.
I live in China.
at
在…,一般用于较小的、较具体的地点
You can get off the bus at the next stop.
on
在…上面,两者相互接触
There is a book on the desk.
under
在…的正下面,两者不接触
My pet cat is under my chair.
behind
在…的后面
Lingling sits behind me.
in front of
在…(外部)的前面
There is a small tree in front of the
classroom.
in the front of
在…(内部)的前面
I stand in the front of the classroom.
next to
在…旁边
The bank is next to the library.
between
在两者之间,词组between ... and ...
Our school is between the bank and the cinema.
above
在…上方,两者不接触,不一定正上方
A bird is flying above us.
opposite
在…的对面
The bank is opposite the supermarket.
on the corner of
在…拐角处
The shop is on the corner of the street.
三、方式介词
介词
用法
例子
in
in+语言/材料/颜色/声音等
They were speaking in Italian.他们在讲意大利语。
Write your homework in pen.用钢笔写家庭作业。
They girl in red is my sister.穿红衣服的女孩是我妹妹。
He read the text in a low voice.他低声地读课文。
on
on+电器/媒介等
I often watch games on TV. 我经常在电视上看足球比赛。
with
with+工具/身体器官等
He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。
The room is cooled with air conditioner.这房间用空调降温。
by
by+交通工具/其他工具/身体器官等
Are you to go there by bike or by bus?你骑车还是坐车去?
He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的手臂。
You can order tickets by telephone.你可以用电话订票。
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4、 介词短语及固定搭配
· 介词+名词
at home 在家里;at the same time 同时;at times有时;at breakfast早餐时
by bus乘公共汽车;by the way 顺便说;by the time到···时候;by mistake 错误地:by the door在门口
in the end最后;in order to以便;in time及时;in English用英语;in the future 将来
on Sunday 在星期天;on duty 值日;on business出差;on holiday在休假;on time准时
with pleasure很乐意;with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
· be+形容词+介词
be angry with(sb.)生某人的气;be afraid of害怕;be full of 充满;be interested in对···感兴趣;
be famous for因····而著名;be proud of 对···感到骄傲;be worried about 为····担心
· 动词+介词
agree with同意;ask for要求;begin with 以.....开始;come from来自;get on/off上/下车;
fill…with用···装;fall off从···落下;hear from收到(某人)的信;hear of听说;look at看
· 介词+名词+介词
in the middle of 在···中间;in the front of 在···前面;at the beginning of 起初;by the end of
到···为止;at the age of在···岁时
· on the morning of July 1st 具体某天早中晚用 on
· in the tree(外来物) / on the tree(长在树上)
· in front of(外部前面) / in the front of(内部前部)
· except 除…… 之外(不包含) / besides 除…… 之外还有(包含)
看到年、月、季节、早中晚 → 选 in
看到星期、具体日期、某天早中晚 → 选 on
看到几点几分、noon/night → 选 at
看到交通工具前无冠词 → 选 by
看到工具、身体部位 → 选 with
看到key/answer/way 后面 → 固定 to
考点二 冠词
1. (2025·聊城卷)On 35 (冠词) day of the festival, the young Yi people wear their ethnic dresses and go to a mountainside.
【答案】the
【解析】句意:在节日当天,年轻的彝族人穿上他们的民族服装,去山坡上。根据“day of the festival”可知,此处特指节日的那一天,应用定冠词the。故填the。
2. (2025·日照卷)Her goal was to be 45 youngest person to row across the Atlantic.
【答案】the
【解析】句意:她的目标是成为横渡大西洋最年轻的人。根据“youngest person”可知,此处表示最高级,因此用定冠词“the”修饰。故填the。
3. (2024·菏泽卷) —What________ interesting book!
—Yes, ________book is really amazing.
A.a; an B.an; the C.an; a
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——多有趣的书啊!——是的,这本书真的很棒。
考查冠词。第一空是泛指一本有趣的书,interesting以元音音素开头,应用an;第二空是特指上文提到的那本书,应用定冠词the。故选B。
4. (2024·济南卷) As soon as I said the wrong letter, I knew I had made 53 mistake. But it was too late!
【答案】a
【解析】句意:我一说出错误的字母,我就知道我已经犯了一个错误。make a mistake“犯错”,固定短语。故填a。
5. (2023·菏泽卷) —Is this your pen?
—No, it isn’t. ____1____ red one is mine.
A.A B.An C.The
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——这是你的钢笔吗?——不,它不是。那个红色的是我的。
考查冠词。根据“red one is mine”可知此处特指红色的那个钢笔,用定冠词the。故选C。
6. (2023·青岛卷) I watched The Wandering Earth Ⅱ last night. It is ________ wonderful film.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】A
【解析】句意:我昨晚看了《流浪地球Ⅱ》。这是一部精彩的电影。
考查冠词的用法。此处泛指一部电影,“wonderful”首字母发辅音音素,故选A。
1. 不定冠词a/an,泛指“一个”,用于首次提到的人或物。
· a 用于辅音音素开头的单词前(如 a university, a useful book)。
· an 用于元音音素开头的单词前(如 an hour, an honest boy, an “h”)。
· 固定搭配:have a rest, have a cold, take a walk, in a hurry
2. 定冠词 the 表特指,指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人/物。
· 独一无二的事物前:the sun, the moon, the earth, the world
· 序数词 / 最高级前:the first, the best
· 乐器前:play the piano, play the guitar
· 姓氏复数前:the Greens 格林一家
· 方位词前:in the north, on the left/right
3. 定冠词 the 表特指,指双方都知道的或上文提到过的人/物。
· 三餐、球类、棋类前:have breakfast, play basketball, play chess
· 星期、月份、季节、节日前:on Monday, in summer, on Teachers’ Day
· 学科、语言前:English, math, music
· by + 交通工具:by bus, by bike, by car
· 混淆a/an的判断依据:看发音,不看字母。如university以辅音音素开头,用a;hour以元音音素开头,用an。
· 固定搭配误用冠词:play the basketball (×) → play basketball (√)。
· 泛指和特指不分:首次提到用a/an,再次提到或特指用the。
冠词的用法口诀
名词有两"冠",定冠不定冠,定冠就是the,不定a和an。
先分特泛指,确定大路线。泛指不定无,特指the定冠。
泛指可数单,须用a或an;辅音前用a,an在元音前;
复数不可数,泛指不用冠;前有代词限;冠词不再见。
考点三 连词
1. (2025·聊城卷)They may not be so famous to the public, 1 these common people are also working hard to build a better world.
A.so B.or C.but
【答案】C
【解析】句意:他们可能不那么为公众所知,但是这些普通人也在努力建设一个更美好的世界。
so所以;or或者;but但是。根据“They may not be so famous to the public”和“these common people are also working hard to build a better world”可知,前后句之间存在转折关系,此处表示“但是”。故选C。
2. (2025·滨州卷) 28 I didn’t tell my mother what had happened that day, she noticed my unhappiness and asked me if I wanted to take a walk in the garden.
A.Until B.Unless C.Since D.Although
【答案】D
【解析】句意:尽管那天我没有告诉母亲发生了什么,但她注意到我的不开心。
Until直到;Unless除非;Since因为;Although虽然。根据“I didn’t tell my mother what had happened that day”和“she noticed my unhappiness and asked me if I wanted to take a walk in the garden”可知,前后句为转折关系,应用although引导让步状语从句,故选D。
3. (2024·枣庄卷) 30 they aren’t at the farm during the weekdays, they can pay the workers for their service of taking care of their land.
【答案】When
【解析】句意:当他们不在农场的时候,他们可以支付工人照看土地的费用。根据“...they aren’t at the farm during the weekdays, they can pay the workers for their service of taking care of their land.”可知,当他们不在农场时,雇工人照看,用When引导时间状语从句。故填When。
4. (2024·临沂卷) After lunch, we explored more of the museum 40 stayed for the rest of the day. They were turning off the lights when we left!
【答案】and
【解析】句意:午饭后,我们探索了更多的博物馆,并在那里待了一天。“explored more of the museum”和“stayed for the rest of the day”之间是顺承关系,用and连接。故填and。
5. (2023·菏泽卷)“Believe me! You’ll be really sorry 15 you don’t come. There are no schools in Toyland. Every day is a Saturday except for Sunday.”
A.although B.if C.unless
【答案】B
【解析】句意:如果你不来,你会后悔的。
although虽然;if如果;unless除非。“you don’t come”是“you’ll be really sorry”的肯定条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。
6. (2023·济南卷) The 29-year-old Victor was deeply moved 34 he learned what his young customer had done.
A.a B.an C.the D./
【答案】C
【解析】句意:当29岁的维克多得知他的年轻顾客所做的事情时,他深受感动。
where哪里;though尽管;when当……的时候;unless除非。根据“…he learned what his young customer had done.”可知,此处应该用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。
1、 并列连词
1. 并列连词
单词
含义及用法
and
意为“和”,表并列或顺承关系
用于“祈使句, and+陈述句”结构
but
意为“但是”,常用于口语中,语气较强,泛指与前述情况相反,不能与though和although连用
or
意为“或者”,表示任选其一
意为“否则”,用于“祈使句, or+陈述句”结构,相当于“If you don't..., you will...”
for/so
意为“因为/所以”,表因果关系
2. 并列连词短语
短语
用法
both...and...
用来连接两个并列的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语等
either...or...
或者……或者……
要么……要么……
neither...nor...
两者都不……
not only...but also...
不但……而且……
2、 从属连词
1. 引导时间状语从句的从属连词主要有when, while, as, until/till, as soon as, before, after, since等。
He left the office after he finished his work.他完成工作后离开了办公室。
2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as/so long as等。
I will go to the airport to meet you as long as you come.只要你来,我就去机场接你。
3.引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so... that..., such... that...等。
I was so angry that I couldn't say a word.我太生气了,以至于一句话也说不出来。
4.引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有though/although, no matter..., even if/though等。
Although it rained heavily, I had to go.尽管雨下得很大,但我还是得走。
5.引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, in order that等。
I can help you take care of your child so that you can have a rest.我可以帮你看孩子,这样你就可以休息一下了。
6.引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since等。
He was unhappy because the girl turned down his invitation.他不开心,因为这个女孩拒绝了他的邀请。
7.引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where, wherever。
You shouldn't go where you are not asked to.你不能去不让你去的地方。
· either...or..., not only...but also..., neither...nor...都可连接两个相同的主语、谓语、宾语、表语和状语等。它们连接两个并列主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则”。
· although/though不能和but连用。
· because和so不能同时出现。
先看前后句逻辑:顺承 / 转折 / 因果 / 条件
看到 will / won’t 优先想 if / unless(主将从现)
看到 why 提问,直接选 because
看到 though/although,坚决不选 but
看到 not 结尾,优先考虑 until(not…until)
考点四 代词
1. (2025·聊城卷)So far, Sun and his team have done 8 meaningful to the society.
A.nothing B.everything C.something
【答案】C
【解析】句意:到目前为止,孙和他的团队已经为社会做了一些有意义的事情。
nothing没有什么;everything一切;something一些事情。根据“On the one hand, they’ve saved a lot of food. On the other hand, they’ve helped some people successfully.”可知,一方面,他们节省了很多食物,另一方面,他们成功地帮助了一些人,由此可推测出孙和他的团队已经为社会做了一些有意义的事情,something“一些事情”符合句意。故选C。
2. (2025·济南卷) Local children, who often prefer fast food, have surprised everyone by eagerly trying the fresh vegetables they’ve grown 41 .
A. herself B.himself C.ourselves D.themselves
【答案】D
句意:当地的孩子们通常更喜欢快餐,但他们却出乎所有人的意料,兴致勃勃地尝试起了自己种植的新鲜蔬菜。
herself她自己;himself他自己;ourselves我们自己;themselves他们自己。根据“have surprised everyone by eagerly trying the fresh vegetables they’ve grown...”可知,是他们自己种的蔬菜,故选D。
3. (2024·淄博卷) Emma was a young girl with kindness. She always looked for ways to help others. 1(After) school every day, she visited Mrs Thompson, an elderly lonely lady. Emma would then talk with 2 and help with the chores.
A.it B.him C.her D.them
【答案】C
【解析】句意:艾玛会和她交谈并帮忙做家务。
it它;him他;her她;them他们。根据“an elderly lonely lady”可知,和她交谈,故选C。
4. (2024·青岛卷) Li Lei: Ms. Wang. She 69(guided) me to do better in math. And she helped me solve problems by 70 . Who will you miss?
A.ourselves B.themselves C.myself D.himself
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她帮助我自己解决问题。
ourselves我们自己;themselves他们自己;myself我自己;himself他自己。根据“helped me solve problems by”可知是让我自己解决问题。故选C。
5. (2023·淄博卷)Rachel says, “I harvest (收获) them, then my family and friends can have some. People who don’t have enough food are invited to take what 9 need.”
A.I B.you C.we D.they
【答案】D
【解析】句意:没有足够食物的人会被邀请拿走他们需要的东西。
I我;you你;we我们;they他们。根据“People who don’t have enough food are invited to take what”可知人们可以拿走他们需要的东西。故选D。
6. (2023·济南卷) Victor treats 25 with kindness, and he always knows exactly what they want. “I love working here as I have a chance to make people feel good every day,” he often says.
A.nobody B.someone C.everyone D.none
【答案】C
【解析】句意:维克多对每个人都很好,他总是确切地知道他们想要什么。
nobody没有人;someone某人;everyone每个人;none没有一个。根据“he always knows exactly what they want.”可知,维克多对每个人都很好。故选C。
· 人称代词主格(I, you,he...)作主语;宾格(me, you,him...)作宾语。
· 物主代词形容词性(my,your...)后接名词(my book);名词性(mine, yours...)单独使用(This book is mine.)
· 反身代词myself, yourself, himself... 用于搭配:enjoy oneself, by oneself, help oneself to....
· 不定代词
1 some/any:some用于肯定句或表请求的疑问句;any用于否定/疑问句。
2 few/a few(修饰可数名词);little/a little(修饰不可数名词)。
3 both(两者都)/either(两者任一)/neither(两者都不);all(三者及以上都)/none(三者及以上都不)。
4 复合不定代词something, anything, everything, nothing等作主语时为单数,且其形容词后置。
· 物主代词混淆:This is my book.=This book is mine. (√),注意名词性物主代词可单独作主语/宾语。
· 不代词用:There is few water left. (×)→little (√)(water 不可数)。
· 指代不一致:Each student has their own desk.(×)→his or her (√),或用复数形式调整。
1. 看空格后是否有名词:后接名词用形容词性物主代词(my book),无名词用名词性物主代词(mine)。
2. 看名词可数/不可数:few/a few 修饰可数名词,little/a little 修饰不可数名词。
3. 看数量范围:both(两者都)/either(两者任一)/neither(两者都不);all(三者及以上都)/none三者及以上都不)。
考点五 数词
1. (2025·滨州卷)In fact, this was Zheng’s 37 (one) performance on the street in Milan.
【答案】first
【解析】句意:事实上,这是郑在米兰街头的第一次表演。根据“this was Zheng’s...performance”可知,此处指第一次表演,用one的序数词first“第一”。故填first。
2. (2024·东营卷)I am _____ child in my family. I have an elder brother and a younger sister.
A.one B.the first C.the second D.the third
【答案】C
【解析】句意:我是家里的第二个孩子。我有一个哥哥和一个妹妹。
考查序数词。one一;the first第一;the second第二;the third第三。根据“I have an elder brother and a younger sister.”可知,“我”有一个哥哥和一个妹妹,所以“我”是家里的第二个孩子。故选C。
3. (2024·淄博卷) We are excited to be pen pals with you. Thanks for telling us about New Hampshire, We would love to visit someday, especially in the winter so we can see snow for the 37 (one) time.
【答案】first
【解析】句意:我们希望有一天能去那儿看看,特别是在冬天的时候,这样我们就能第一次看到雪了。根据“for the...time”以及“We don’t get snow in Malaysia.”可知,马来西亚不下雪,因此是第一次看到雪。“for+the+序数词+time”表示“第几次”,此处需要序数词,one的序数词是first。故填first。
一、基数词与序数词的辨析及应用
1. 基数词表数量
· 用于描述具体数量(如three books)
· 编号表达:用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”(如Room 302 = the 302nd room)。
· 年龄表达:“基数词+years old”或“at the age of+基数词”(如He is 15 years old)。
2. 序数词表顺序
· 一般加定冠词the(如the third floor),但前有物主代词时省略the(如my second try)。
· 不规则变化需重点记忆:如first, second, third, fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth等。
二、概数与确数的区分
1. 确数用法
· 单位词(hundred, thousand, million)前有具体数字时用单数(如two hundred students)。
2. 概数用法
· 单位词加s + of表示不确定数量(如thousands of trees)。
· 易错点:误将确数写成复数(如two hundreds错误)或漏掉of(如hundred of错误)。
三、分数、百分数与主谓一致
1. 分数表达
· 分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子>1时分母加s(如2/5 → two fifths)。
· 特殊形式:1/2 → a half,1/4 → a quarter,3/4 → three quarters。
2. 主谓一致规则
“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语时,谓语由of后的名词单复数决定(如Two thirds of the water is polluted)。
四、时间、日期与年份的规范表达
1. 时刻表达
· 顺读法(如7:20 → seven twenty)。
· 逆读法:≤30分钟用past(如7:20 → twenty past seven);>30分钟用to(如7:40 → twenty to eight)。
2. 日期与年份
· 日期用“月+序数词”(如May 1st)。
· 年份分两组读(如2024 → twenty twenty-four)。
五、合成形容词与倍数表达
1. 合成形容词结构
“基数词+名词(单数)”用连字符连接(如a 10-meter-long bridge)。
2. 倍数表达
A is three times as big as B(A是B的三倍大)。
A is twice bigger than B(A比B大两倍)。
· 生日表达混淆基数词与序数词,June 2nd(日期必须用序数词,2的序数词是second,非twoth)。
· 序数词前漏掉定冠词the或多余a/an,The first student...(序数词前通常加the,除非有物主代词,如her second try)。
· 确数hundred,thousand,million不加s,且无of;概数hundred,thousand,million必须加s+of。
· "分数+of+名词"作主语时,谓语动词由of后的名词决定单复数。
· 看到第几、楼层、日期 → 用序数词
· 看到多少个、年龄 → 用基数词
· 看到 hundred/thousand 前有数字 → 不加 s
· 看到 hundreds/thousands of → 必加 s
· 看到 -year-old 作定语 → 名词一定单数
◇预测 01 单句语法填空
1.【新角度·通过介绍昆明考查代词】Kunming, the capital of Yunnan, is known for ________ (it) comfortable weather.
【答案】its
【详解】句意:云南省会昆明以其舒适的天气而闻名。空格后的“comfortable weather”是名词短语,所以空格处应填it的形容词性物主代词its“它的”,用于修饰名词短语。故填its。
2.【新情境·通过狗的对比考查代词】 My dog is well-trained, but ________ (she) is still learning basic commands.
【答案】hers
【详解】句意:我的狗训练有素,但她的狗还在学习基本指令。she意为“她”,是人称代词主格,此处需要名词性物主代词指代“她的狗”,she的名词性物主代词是hers,故填hers。
3.【新角度·通过对人的评价考查代词】Most people want to change the world, but few want to change _______. (they)
【答案】themselves
【详解】句意:大多数人都想改变世界,但很少有人想改变自己。根据“but few want to change”可知,动作的发出者和承受者是同一对象,此处需用反身代词作宾语,they“他们”,人称代词主格,其反身代词形式为themselves。故填themselves。
4.【新情境·通过介绍黄旭华考查代词】Huang Xuhua, the “Father of China’s Nuclear Submarine (核潜艇)”, gave ________ (he) whole life to our country.
【答案】his
【详解】句意:黄旭华——中国核潜艇之父,把一生都奉献给了我们的国家。whole life为名词,前面用形容词性物主代词修饰,he的形容词性物主代词形式为his。故填his。
5.【新情境·通过Jerry的家庭团聚日考查数词】Jerry’s family has made the ________ (five) day of each month their reunion day.
【答案】fifth
【详解】句意:杰瑞一家把每个月的第五天定为家庭团聚日。five是基数词,此处表示“第五天”,需用序数词,five的序数词为fifth,可知应填fifth,符合语境和语法要求,故填fifth。
6.【新情境·通过城市举办国际马拉松考查数词】This is the ______ (five) time our city has held the International Marathon.
【答案】(w)hether
【详解】句意:对于Chat GPT是提供更好的帮助还是使事情变得更糟,一些人持有不同的观点。根据“Some people hold different opinions about”可知此处是whether引导的宾语从句。故填(w)hether。
7.【新角度·通过日常场景考查状语从句时态】I ________ (get) home with my sister while my mother was cooking.
【答案】fifth
【详解】句意:这是我们城市第五次举办国际马拉松比赛。根据“This is the…time”可知,横线处需填序数词,five“五”,基数词,其序数词形式为fifth。the fifth time“第五次”。故填fifth。
8.【新情境·通过介绍国际进口博览会考查数词】The _______ (eight) China International Import Expo was held successfully in Shanghai.
【答案】eighth
【详解】句意:第八届中国国际进口博览会在上海成功举办。根据“The...China International Import Expo”可知,此处指的是第八届中国国际进口博览会,描述的是“中国国际进口博览会”的届次,因此需使用序数词表示顺序,eight的序数词是eighth。故填eighth。
9.【新角度·通过名言考查介词】Stars shine for everyone e________ (除了) those who close their eyes.
【答案】except
【详解】句意:星星为所有人闪耀,除了那些闭上眼睛的人。根据首字母和所给提示可知,除了:except,介词。故填except。
10.【新情境·通过介绍许渊冲考查介词】Xu Yuanchong is a great translator. He translated many Chinese poems i________ English.
【答案】into
【详解】句意:许渊冲是一位伟大的翻译家。他把许多中国诗歌翻译成了英语。根据首字母“i”以及“He translated many Chinese poems”的语境可知,这里需要一个介词,构成translate...into...,意为“把……翻译成……”,into“到……里”符合首字母及语义要求。故填into。
11. 【新情境·通过提醒青少年注意安全考查介词】We teenagers should learn to guard a________ any possible danger around us.
【答案】(a)gainst
【详解】句意:我们青少年应该学会防范我们周围任何可能的危险。根据“We teenagers should learn to guard a... any possible danger around us.”以及首字母提示可知,此处表示“防范、抵御”危险,guard against为固定短语,意为“防范;防止”,符合语境。故填(a)gainst。
12.【新角度·通过介绍普通话考查连词】The official language of China is Putonghua, ________ the foreigners usually call it Mandarin.
【答案】while
【详解】句意:中国的官方语言是普通话,而外国人通常称之为Mandarin。前句表示中国官方语言为“Putonghua”,而后句表示外国人称之为“Mandarin”,前后句之间轻微转折,两者对比,用并列连词while。故填while。
13.【新情境·通过对比长江和亚马孙河考查连词】The Yangtze is the longest river in China, ________ the Amazon is longer than it.
【答案】but
【详解】句意:扬子江是中国最长的河流,但是亚马孙河比它更长。
前后句子是转折关系,用连词but表示“但是亚马孙河比它更长”。故答案为but。
14.【新情境·通过日常对话考查代词】N________ you nor Tom stays at home to look after the little sister.
【答案】(N)either
【详解】句意:你和汤姆都不待在家里照顾妹妹。neither…nor…“既不……也不……”,是固定搭配,句首首字母大写。故填(N)either。
15.【新情境·通过2022年冬奥会的官方口号考查冠词】—Do you know the official motto of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics, Lin Tao?
—Yes, it’s “Together for ________ Shared Future”.
【答案】a
【详解】句意:——林涛,你知道北京2022年冬奥会的官方口号是什么吗?——是的。它是“一起向未来”。Future在此处是抽象名词具体化了,所以是泛指“一个”,且Shared以辅音音素开头,所以用不定冠词a,故填a。
16.【新情境·通过介绍中国的CR450高铁时速考查冠词】China’s CR450 bullet train can travel at a speed of 400 kilometers ________ (one) hour.
【答案】an
【详解】句意:中国的CR450高铁时速可达每小时400公里。根据“at a speed of 400 kilometers... hour.”可知,空处表示“每小时400公里”,an“每个”,kilometers an hour意为“每小时多少千米”。故填an。
17.【新情境·通过介绍Chat GPT考查冠词】ChatGPT is ________ great step in science and technology.
【答案】a
【详解】句意:ChatGPT是科学技术的一大进步。空格后为名词“step”,故空格处应填不定冠词表示“一”的概念,great以辅音音素开头,故应用不定冠词a,故填a。
18.【新情境·通过介绍神农考查冠词】One day, Shen Nong was boiling drinking water over ________ open fire.
【答案】an
【详解】句意:一天,神农正在篝火上烧水喝。over an open fire“在篝火上”,固定短语,故填an。
19.【新情境·通过介绍屈冬玉考查冠词】Qu Dongyu is ________ official(官员) of the United Nations, who is from Yongzhou.
【答案】an
【详解】句意:屈冬玉是一名联合国的官员,来自永州。
此处缺不定冠词表示泛指“一名”,official是元音音素开始的单词,用不定冠词an。故答案为an。
20.【新情境·通过对战士的赞扬考查代词】In the face of danger, all the fighters were brave and n________ of them give up.
【答案】(n)one
【详解】句意:在危险面前,所有的战士都很勇敢,他们没有一个人放弃。根据首字母“n”以及“all the fighters were brave”可知,此处要表达“没有一个”的意思。none意为“没有一个(三者或三者以上)” ,常与“of”连用,“none of them”表示“他们中没有一个”,符合语境。故填(n)one。
◇预测 02 单项选择
1.【新角度·通过谈论古城之旅考查代词】—Tina, did you buy ________ when you went to Zhaohua Ancient City last Sunday?
—Of course. I bought some Fried dough twists (麻花) for my parents.
A.anything special B.special anything C.something special D.special something
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Tina,上周日你去昭化古城的时候买了什么特别的东西吗?——当然。我给父母买了一些麻花。
anything常用于疑问句和否定句,something常用于肯定句;形容词修饰不定代词时,形容词要放在不定代词之后。本句为一般疑问句,用anything,且形容词special需后置。
2.【新情境·通过Tom入选国家队考查代词】Only Tom was selected for the national team, while ________ remained in the club.
A.other B.another C.others D.the others
【答案】D
【详解】句意:只有汤姆被选入了国家队,而其他人都留在了俱乐部。
考查不定代词辨析。other其他的,后接名词;another另一个,泛指三者或以上中的另一个;others其他人/物,泛指,不接名词;the others其余所有人/物,特指某个范围内剩下的全部。根据前文“Only Tom was selected”可知,除了汤姆之外,俱乐部里剩下的所有人(特指范围内其余的全部)都留了下来,应用the others。故选D。3.【新角度·通过高速铁路促进快速旅行考查代词】The new high-speed railway makes ________ possible to travel between cities quickly.
A.it B.this C.that D.one
【答案】A
【详解】句意:这条新的高速铁路使得在城市之间快速旅行成为可能。
考查代词辨析。it它;this这个;that那个;one一个。动词“makes”后接复合宾语结构“宾语+宾语补足语”,当真正的宾语是动词不定式短语“to travel…”时,用“it”作形式宾语,构成“make it+形容词+to do sth.”。故选A。
4.【新情境·通过游览黄浦江考查代词】Tourists can enjoy different night views on ________ side of the Huangpu River.
A.either B.neither C.both D.all
【答案】A
【详解】句意:游客可以在黄浦江的任何一边欣赏不同的夜景。
考查代词辨析。either两者之一;neither两者都不;both两者都;all三者及以上都。根据“side of the Huangpu River”可知,黄浦江有两边,且此处表示肯定含义,所以用either。故选A。
5.【新情境·通过科学家完成实验考查代词】With limited equipment, the scientists tried ________ best to complete the experiment.
A.them B.their C.theirs D.themselves
【答案】B
【详解】句意:设备有限,科学家们尽力完成了实验。
考查代词辨析。them他们,宾格;their他们的,形容词性物主代词;theirs他们的,名词性物主代词;themselves他们自己,反身代词。“try one’s best to do sth”为固定搭配,意为“尽力做某事”,所以此处用形容词性物主代词their。故选B。
6.【新情境·通过介绍昆明的空气考查数词】The weather in Kunming is so comfortable and I have been there ________ times. If possible, I still want to go there a ________ time.
A.three; fourth B.third; fourth C.three; four D.third; four
【答案】A
【详解】句意:昆明的天气非常舒适,我已经去过那里三次。如果可能的话,我还想再去第四次。
考查数词。three三,基数词;third第三,序数词;four四,基数词;fourth第四,序数词。第一空后是复数名词times,需要用基数词,排除BD;第二空后是单数名词time,需要用序数词,排除C。故选A。
7.【新角度·通过介绍漂亮的村庄考查代词】The village is really beautiful. We’ve decided to stay for ________ two days.
A.others B.the others C.the other D.another
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这个村庄真的很漂亮。我们决定再待两天。
考查代词辨析。others其他的人或物;the others其他人或物(两部分中);the other两者中的另一个;another另一个(三者及以上)。根据“two days”可知此处指再待两天,用结构another+数词+名词复数“再几个……”。故选D。
8.【新情境·通过介绍洪崖洞考查数词】________ visitors came to take photos of Hongyadong during the vacation.
A.Thousand B.Thousand of C.Thousands D.Thousands of
【答案】D
【详解】句意:假期期间,成千上万的游客来到洪崖洞拍照。
考查数词的表达。表示具体的数量,用基数词+数词的单数形式,表示概数,用数词的复数形式+of。此处表示概数,此空应填Thousands of,故选D。
9.【新角度·通过介绍中国举办庆祝反法西斯胜利80周年考查数词】China held a commemoration to celebrate the ________ anniversary of the victory of the World Anti-Fascist War on September 3rd, 2025.
A.eighth B.eighteenth C.eightieth D.eightyth
【答案】C
【详解】句意:中国在2025年9月3日举行纪念活动,庆祝世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。
考查序数词的用法。eighth第八;eighteenth第十八;eightieth第八十;eightyth错误拼写。根据常识可知,2025年是世界反法西斯战争胜利80周年。故选C。
10.【新情境·通过介绍北京大阅兵考查介词】Our country held the grand military parade (大阅兵) ________ September 2025 in Beijing.
A.on B.in C.at D.of
【答案】B
【详解】句意:我国于 2025 年 9 月在北京举行了盛大的阅兵。
考查介词辨析。on用于具体某一天;in用于月份、年份、季节等;at用于具体时刻;of表示所属关系。根据“September 2025”可知,月份前用介词in。故选B。
11. 【新情境·通过我们能看到彩虹的所有颜色考查介词】We can see all the colors of the rainbow ________ black and white.
A.besides B.beside C.except D.including
【答案】C
【详解】句意:除了黑色和白色,我们能看到彩虹的所有颜色。
考查介词辨析。besides除……之外(还有);beside在……旁边;except除……之外(不包括);including包括。根据“We can see all the colors of the rainbow…black and white.”可知,彩虹的颜色本身不包含黑色和白色,所以是“排除在外”,用except。故选C。
12.【新角度·通过谈论微信考查定语从句】Thanksgiving is celebrated ________ the fourth Thursday ________ November.
A.on; on B.in; in C.in; on D.on; in
【答案】D
【详解】句意:感恩节在十一月的第四个星期四被庆祝。
考查介词的用法。在具体的某一天前用介词“on”;在月份前用介词“in”。故选D。
13.【新角度·通过谈论2025年国际足联女足世界杯比赛考查介词】The 2025 FIFA Women’s World Cup match will be held ________ 10:30 this Saturday morning, and we will watch it on TV.
A.in B.at C.on D.to
【答案】B
【详解】句意:2025年国际足联女足世界杯比赛将于本周六上午10:30举行,我们将在电视上观看。
考查介词辨析。in通常用于表示较长的时间范围,如年、月、季节、世纪等;at用于表示具体的时间点,如具体的时刻、几点几分等;on一般用于表示具体的某一天或具体某一天的上午、下午、晚上等;to作为时间介词时,常见于表示“差几分到几点”的时间表达中。根据“10:30”可知,此处表示时刻。故选B。
14.【新角度·通过谈论电影《哪吒》考查定介词】—The film Nezha 2 is a great success! Have you watched it?
—Not yet. But I will watch it ________ the weekend.
A.in B.to C.on D.by
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——电影《哪吒2》大获成功!你看过吗? -——还没有。但我会在周末看。
考查介词的用法。in在……里;to到;on在……之时;by通过。on the weekend“在周末”。故选C。
15.【新角度·通过中国在绿色能源方面取得了巨大进步考查介词】China has made great progress in green energy ________ we still have a long way to go to achieve greater development.
A.so B.or C.and D.but
【答案】D
【详解】句意:中国在绿色能源方面取得了巨大进步,但我们还有很长的路要走以实现更大的发展。
考查并列连词辨析。so所以,表因果关系;or或者,表选择关系;and并且,表并列关系;but但是,表转折关系。根据“China has made great progress in green energy…we still have a long way to go to achieve greater development.”可知,前半句是一个肯定的成就,后半句则指出了不足之处。因此,两者之间是转折关系。故选D。
16.【新角度·通过谈论互联网公司的人长时间工作考查连词】—Are people in Internet companies complaining about long working hours?
—Yes. They make great contributions to IT industry, ________ they can’t achieve a balance between life and work.
A.or B.if C.but D.since
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——互联网公司的人在抱怨长时间的工作吗?——是的。他们为IT行业做出了巨大贡献,但是他们无法在生活和工作之间取得平衡。
考查连词辨析。or或者;if如果;but但是;since自从。根据“They make great contributions to IT industry...they can’t achieve a balance between life and work.”可知,前后两句构成转折关系,用but连接。故选C。
17.【新角度·通过谈论火的利弊考查连词】Fire can be a powerful tool, ________ it can also be dangerous if it is not used properly.
A.nor B.but C.or D.so
【答案】B
【详解】句意:火是一种强大的工具,但如果使用不当,它也会很危险。
考查连词辨析。nor也不;but但是;or或者;so因此。根据“Fire can be a powerful tool…it can also be dangerous if it is not used properly.”可知,设空处前后为转折关系,but符合语境。故选B。
18.【新角度·通过谈论2024年巴黎奥运会和残奥会的吉祥物的座右铭考查代词】The mascots for the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games share a motto (座右铭): Alone we go faster, ________ together we go further.
A.but B.because C.although D.so
【答案】A
【详解】句意:2024年巴黎奥运会和残奥会的吉祥物有一个共同的座右铭:独行行更快,同行走更远。
考查连词辨析。but但是;because因为;although虽然;so所以。“Alone we go faster,”和“together we go further.”是转折关系,用but连接。故选A。
19.【新角度·通过谈论詹天佑考查冠词】Zhan Tianyou is ________ engineer and he is called the “Father of China’s Railroad”.
A./ B.a C.an D.the
【答案】C
【详解】句意:詹天佑是一名工程师,他被称为“中国铁路之父”。
考查冠词用法。此处表示泛指,engineer以元音音素开头,前面应使用不定冠词an。故选C。
20.【新角度·通过谈论民间音乐会考查冠词】Folk music has _________ strong local colour. The ticket to the folk concert has _________ special offer today.
A./; / B./; a C.the; the D.a; the
【答案】B
【详解】句意:民间音乐有浓郁的地方色彩。民间音乐会的门票今天有一个特别优惠。
考查冠词用法。a“一个”,表示泛指,用于发音以辅音音素开头的单词之前;an“一个”,表示泛指,用于发音以元音音素开头的单词之前;the“那个”,表示特指。第一空处“local colour”为抽象名词,表示一般概念时,使用零冠词;第二空处“special offer”为可数名词单数,表示泛指“一个”,需用不定冠词“a”。故选B。
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