Unit 3 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第三册配套课件PPT（人教版）

该高中英语课件聚焦直接引语和间接引语语法项目，通过“语境中体悟”模块以公园清洁场景对话引入，呈现直接引语实例后过渡到间接引语，搭建从语境感知到语法认知的学习支架，帮助学生建立知识关联。 其亮点在于采用“体悟-梳理-应用”三步进阶模式，结合语言能力培养（语境理解与转换表达）和思维品质提升（分类表格梳理人称、时态等变化规则），融入高考真题及综合练习，助力学生掌握语法应用，也为教师提供系统教学资源，提升课堂效率。

Section Ⅲ　Learning About Language 语法项目——直接引语和间接引语 目 录 NO.1 语境中体悟 NO.2 学案中理清 课时跟踪检测 NO.3 应用中融通 语境中体悟 NO.1 ①“Time to clean up the park，” the team leader said. ②As they gathered at the entrance， he added， “We’ll be divided into groups and pick up trash in different areas.” Lily joined a group and started collecting plastic bottles and wrappers. She frowned at the amount of waste scattered on the grass. The leader asked them to separate recyclables from non⁃recyclables. Then they began sorting the collected trash into different bins. ③“Let’s show others how important it is to keep our environment clean，” he said， encouraging everyone to work faster. Lily worked steadily， feeling a sense of pride. ④When they finished， the leader told them that their small efforts today could make a big difference for the planet. Though tired， Lily knew they had made the park a cleaner place. [语法入门]　①句为直接引语;②句为直接引语;③句为直接引语;④句为间接引语。 学案中理清 NO.2 在转述别人说的话时，一般有两种方式:一是直接引述别人的原话，行文中需要将转述内容放在引号中，这叫直接引语;二是用自己的话把别人的话转述出来，这叫间接引语。 间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个宾语从句;直接引语变间接引语时，人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语、标点符号、大小写、语序等都要作相应变化。 一、直接引语变间接引语时的变化 (一)人称的变化 1.“第一人称随主”原则 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。 Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说:“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中的主语随主句主语改为第三人称) 2.“第二人称随宾”原则 如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 Her colleague said to her， “Who did you ask for a leave?” 她的同事对她说:“你向谁请了假?”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中的主语随主句宾语改为第三人称) 3.“第三人称不更新”原则 直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr Li said，“Jack is a good worker.” 李先生说:“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语中的主语为第三人称) →Mr Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中的人称不变) 　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①He said， “I am proud of my motherland.” → ②“You are wasting your time day⁃dreaming!” he said to Mary. → He said that he was proud of his motherland.  He told Mary that she was wasting her time day⁃dreaming.  ③(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“I do so because I like to make coffee for the students. I know they need it in the morning，” Murphy said. → Murphy said that she did so because she liked to make coffee for the students， and that she knew they needed it in the morning.  (二)时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，间接引语的时态则相应向前推一个时态。如下表(以do为例): 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时(do/does) 一般过去时(did) 现在进行时(am/is/are doing) 过去进行时(was/were doing) 现在完成时(has/have done) 过去完成时(had done) 一般过去时(did) 过去完成时(had done) 过去完成时(had done) 过去完成时(had done) 一般将来时(will do) 过去将来时(would do) His friend said to him， “We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说:“我们正计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他他们正计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) [名师点津] 直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况: 1.直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言; 2.直接引语中有具体的表示过去的时间状语，如某年、某月、某日。 Our teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.” 昨天老师对我们说:“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语) →Our teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(间接引语时态不变) [对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①“I’ll miss these old boats，” he said as we parted. →As we parted， he said that he ___________ those old boats.   ②“You have already done your duty，” he said to her. →He told her that she ________________ her duty.  ③He said， “I am living with my elder brother.” →He said that he ___________with his elder brother.  would miss had already done was living ④“Light travels much faster than sound，” he said. →He said that light _______ much faster than sound. ⑤My friend Linda said to me， “I saw the film three days ago.” →My friend Linda told me that she ________the film three days before.  travels had seen (三)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化   直接引语 间接引语 指示 代词 this这个 that那个 these这些 those那些 时间 状语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this morning 今天上午 that morning 那天上午 时间 状语 last night昨天晚上 the night before 前一天晚上 the day before yesterday前天 two days before 两天前 three days ago 三天前 three days before 三天前 next week 下一周 the next/following week 第二周 ago (至今)以前 before (那时)以前 地点状语 here这儿 there那儿 方向性动词 bring带来 take带走 come来 go去 续表 She asked， “Is this book his?” 她问:“这本书是他的吗?”(直接引语中用this) →She asked whether that book was his. 她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that) “I’ll be very busy today，” said the man. 那个人说:“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today) →The man said he would be very busy that day. 那个人说那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day) [对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①They said， “We arrived this morning.” →They said that they had arrived _____________.   ②John said， “I wrote back telling him about it yesterday.” →John said that he had written back telling him about it _________ _______.  that morning the day before ③He said， “It’s ten o’clock now.” →He said that it was ten o’clock ______. ④She said， “I’ll do it tonight.” →She said that she would do it ___________.  ⑤He said， “I brought it home with me.” →He said that he had _______ it home with him. then that night taken (四)连接词的选择 1.直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。 ①He said， “I was cooking when the earthquake happened.” →He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened. 名师点津:直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb.”常改为“told sb.”。 ②She said to me， “I came back an hour ago.” →She told me (that) she had come back an hour before. 2.直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether (... or ...或... or not)或if引导。 He said， “Are you interested in English?” →He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English. 3.直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “What’s your name?” he asked me. →He asked me what my name was. [对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary，” said Anne. →Anne __________________ want to set down a series of facts in a diary.  ②I walked over and asked him， “Why aren’t you with the other children?” →I walked over and asked him ________________ with the other children.  said that she didn’t why he wasn’t ③I just kept nodding when he asked me， “ Is it OK to do it this way?” →I just kept nodding when he asked me _________________________ ___________.  ④“What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad. →Dad asked ____________________ to cheer Poppy up.   whether/if it was OK to do it that way what they should do 二、特殊句式直接引语变间接引语时的变化 (一)祈使句变间接引语 如果直接引语是表示命令、建议或提议、请求、警告或提醒的祈使句，变为间接引语时通常要将祈使句的动词原形变成带to的不定式，并在不定式前根据句意以及说话者当时的语气或态度加上ask， tell， order， advise， beg， warn， remind， invite， request， command， encourage等动词。 1.表示命令的祈使句 引述表示命令的祈使句，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth.的形式。 ①“Finish the task in ten minutes.” the manager said to the clerk. →The manager told the clerk to finish the task in ten minutes. ②“Keep silent!” said the chairman. →The chairman ordered everyone to keep silent. 2.表示建议等的祈使句 当直接引语为表示建议、提议、请求、劝告的祈使句时，多用suggest+doing/that从句(suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should+动词原形，should可以省略)，及ask/advise/want/beg+sb.+to do等结构。 ①Mary said，“Let’s go to the art exhibition this afternoon.” →Mary suggested our going to the art exhibition that afternoon. →Mary suggested that we (should) go to the art exhibition that afternoon. ②“Please have a rest.” she said to us. →She asked us to have a rest. 3.表示警告或提醒的祈使句 引述表示警告或提醒的祈使句用remind， warn等词转述。 ①“Take an umbrella in case of rain.” his mother said to him. →His mother reminded him to take an umbrella in case of rain. ②The leader said to the workers，“Don’t speak while you are working.” →The leader warned the workers not to speak while they were working. [名师点津] (1)无论是否定祈使句，还是表示委婉语气的否定疑问句，在变为间接引语时，要用不定式的否定形式:not/never to do sth. (2)直接引语中的称呼语变为间接引语时，一般把它当作主句谓语动词的宾语用。 She said， “Don’t make so much noise， children!” →She told the children not to make so much noise. [对点练]　 (将下列句子改为间接引语) ①The officer said， “Go away.” →The officer ________ us ______ away.  ②“Do some shopping for me， please，” he said to her. →He _______ her ______ some shopping for him.  ordered to go asked to do ③Jack said， “Let’s go to the cinema tonight.” →Jack __________ that we ___________ to the cinema that night.  →Jack ___________ our _______ to the cinema that night. ④“Don’t forget to take your book with you.” said she. →She reminded me ___________________ my book with me.  ⑤“Don’t break the rules.” said the headmaster. →The headmaster warned us _____________________.  suggested (should) go suggested going not to forget to take not to break the rules (二)表示请求的一般疑问句变间接引语 若直接引语是“Could/Can/Will/Would ... please?”类型的一般疑问句时，变间接引语时常用“ask sb. to do sth.”结构，且please要去掉。 ①“Would you buy some bread for me?” he said to her. →He asked her to buy some bread for him. ②“Would you sleep and get up early， children?” Father said. →Father asked the children to sleep and get up early. 　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①“Can you lend me two yuan?” he asked me. →He ______ me _______ him two yuan.  ②Mike asked， “Can you tell me the way to the post office， Bob?” →Mike ______ Bob ______ him the way to the post office.  ③Jack said to me， “Will you please do it for me?” →Jack ______ me ______it for him.  asked to lend asked to tell asked to do (三)感叹句变间接引语 直接引语为感叹句时，间接引语可用what或how引导，也可以用that引导。 “What a beautiful dress it is!” the girl said to her friend. →The girl told her friend what a beautiful dress it was. →The girl told her friend that it was a beautiful dress. 　[对点练]　(将下列句子改为间接引语) ①He said， “What a beautiful view it is!” →He said __________________________.  →He said that _____________________.  ②“How interesting a story it is!” she said. →She said ___________________________.  →She said that _________________________.  what a beautiful view it was it was a beautiful view how interesting a story it was it was an interesting story 应用中融通 NO.3 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.Her manager asked her why she ____________(refuse) to go there.  2.Mother asked her daughter ___________ she was satisfied with her new room. 3.The teacher asked the students not _______ (look) out of the windows in class.  had refused whether/if to look 4.The geography teacher told us that the sun ______ (rise) in the east and sets in the west. 5.Mr Wang told the children that he ____________ (leave) for Shanghai on business the next month.  rises would leave Ⅱ.将下列直接引语变为间接引语 1.He asked her， “Where are you going?” → 2.“A friend in need is a friend indeed，” Mother said to me. → He asked her where she was going.  Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.  3.“You must finish it today，” the boss said to his secretary. → 4.“How long have you worked in the company?” he asked me. → The boss told his secretary that she/he had to finish it that day.  He asked me how long I had worked in the company.  课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Work starts early on White Gate Farm in East Lyme， Connecticut. By 7 am， farm manager Dan Wood was at the East Lyme Post Office dropping off a box of fresh produce that later in the day would be delivered by mail to Chelsea Gubbins， who lives across town. White Gate Farm is a member of Farmers Post， a pilot programme that enables smallholder farms across eastern Connecticut to ship fresh produce and other farm products to local households through the United States Postal Service (USPS). Farmers Post takes advantage of a USPS programme called Connect Local that allows small businesses to offer same⁃day and next⁃day delivery at a fixed low cost. Food remains in the fields because either market prices are too low or the cost of the workforce is too high， or because the size and shape of the produce make it unattractive to stores. Each year， around 10 million tons of crops never get harvested， causing about 16% of total US food loss and waste. “Food that is wasted has a much larger influence than just the loss of the food itself，” says Julia Kurnik， senior director of Innovation Start⁃ups at WWF. “Everything that went into growing it goes out the window as well — the water， the land， and the energy. And as the food breaks down， it produces greenhouse gases. The bad effects amplify greatly.” Besides reducing food waste， selling farm products directly to local customers cuts down on the cross⁃country shipping of food grown in California or elsewhere. This reduces the so⁃called food miles that researchers believe cause about 6% of the world’s greenhouse gases. Fruits and vegetables， which are often transported out of season and require refrigeration， produce lots of greenhouse gases between farms and people’s plates. Wood understands that Farmers Post can help to end that waste. “Farming is kind of like cooking for a big group.” he says. “This is helping us get right on the money， using almost 100% of what we grow and harvest.” 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了美国康涅狄格州的一个小型农场 White Gate Farm 通过邮政局的 Connect Local 项目将农产品送到当地居民家里的故事。这不仅帮助农场直接销售农产品，减少了食品浪费，还减少了因从其他地方运输水果和蔬菜而带来的温室气体排放。 1.Why was Farmers Post started? A.To provide professional modern farming methods. B.To create more delivery jobs for local people. C.To pick up and carry customers to different farms. D.To make the delivery of produce easier and cheaper. √ 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段“White Gate Farm is ... a fixed low cost.”可知，该项目使康涅狄格州东部的小农场能够通过美国邮政服务将新鲜农产品和其他农产品运送到当地家庭，允许小企业以固定的低成本提供当日和次日送达服务。由此可知，该项目使农产品的运输更容易、更便宜。故选D项。 2.What may cause some US crops to remain unharvested according to the text? A.The limited need for farm products. B.The shortage of workers and harvesting tool. C.Their low value and poor quality. D.Bad weather and road conditions. √ 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Food remains in the fields ... unattractive to stores.”可知，因为农产品的市场价格低或大小和形状对商店没有吸引力，作物遭弃收滞留田间。由此可知，是农产品的价格低、质量差导致美国的很多作物遭弃收滞留田间。故选C项。 3.What does the underlined word “amplify” mean in paragraph 4? A.Increase.　　　　　　　 B.Slow. C.Switch. D.Weaken. √ 解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的内容“Everything that went into growing it goes out the window as well — the water， the land， and the energy. And as the food breaks down， it produces greenhouse gases.”可知，浪费食物意味着种植食物时消耗的水、土地和能源也被浪费了，同时分解食物又产生了温室气体，因此糟糕的影响是在不断扩大的，所以画线词与“增加”意义相近。故选A项。 4.Which of the following is the best title for the text? A.The Food Safety Movement Has Met Some Challenges B.A Farm⁃to⁃Table Programme Helps Reduce Food Waste C.Farmers Post Explores Ways to Make High⁃Quality Products D.Small Farms Play a Leading Role in Serving Communities √ 解析:标题归纳题。根据第二段以及全文可知，文章讲述了美国康涅狄格州的一个小型农场White Gate Farm通过利用邮政局的Connect Local项目将农产品送到当地居民家里的故事。这个项目不仅帮助农场直接销售农产品，减少了食品浪费，还减少了因从其他地方运输水果和蔬菜而带来的温室气体排放，所以B项“一个从农场到餐桌的项目有助于减少食物浪费”概括了文章内容，最适合用作标题。故选B项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 When Mysha decided to improve her fitness in late 2019， taking up running was a no⁃brainer. She lives in a beautiful town on Scotland’s east coast， so she found　5　 wasn’t so bad， with breathtaking scenery.   Yet even though Mysha quickly fell in love with running， something started to 　6　 her ― the beaches and paths she ran along were covered in litter. 　7　， she was always doing a little litter⁃picking， but when she saw an American runner online talking about plogging， a new 　8　 emerging among runners， she was excited to try it out for herself. Plogging 　9　 in Sweden， and the word comes from the Swedish word plocka， meaning “to 　10　 while jogging”. Mysha started following a(n) 　11　 online called Environmental Fitness and began to take a shopping bag with her on runs and fill it with 　12　.   It wasn’t long until she uncovered some of the upsetting 　13　 of littering. She started to find 　14　 chemicals contained in batteries leaking into the environment and small animals 　15　 in plastic bottles struggling to chew their way out. These discoveries made Mysha even more 　16　 about litter picking. She joined her local litter⁃picking group and soon was asked to 　17　 leadership of the group. Despite the big volumes of litter being dropped， Mysha and her fellow litter⁃pickers 　18　 to get out and plog.   “The thought of keeping other people’s spirits up and seeing their 　19　 spread to more people keeps me going. Together， we can achieve amazing things!” Mysha says.  语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了Mysha在跑步过程中，沿途捡拾垃圾，并参与了一个名为“环境健身”的网络倡议，希望这一行为感染更多的人。 5.A.jogging　　　　　　 B.skating C.cycling D.hiking √ 解析:根据下文“Yet even though Mysha quickly fell in love with running”可知，此处表示Mysha是在慢跑。 6.A.puzzle B.excite C.bother D.amuse √ 解析:根据下文“the beaches and paths she ran along were covered in litter”可知，Mysha看到海滩边和小路上布满垃圾，感到很苦恼。 7.A.Proudly B.Actually C.Secretly D.Luckily √ 解析:根据下文“she was always doing a little litter⁃picking”可知，现实生活中，Mysha一直在捡垃圾。 8.A.trend B.skill C.lesson D.trick √ 解析:根据下文“she was excited to try it out for herself”可知，Mysha想亲自尝试一下这个新出现的流行趋势。 9.A.existed B.renewed C.advanced D.originated √ 解析:根据下文“the word comes from the Swedish word plocka”可知，这个单词来源于瑞典语，因此此处表示Plogging起源于瑞典。 10.A.relax B.pick C.think D.recycle √ 解析:根据下文“began to take a shopping bag with her on runs and fill it with 　　　　”可知，这些人跑步时带着购物袋是为了沿途捡拾垃圾。  11.A.order B.rule C.initiative D.tradition √ 解析:根据下文“began to take a shopping bag with her on runs”可知，人们跑步时开始捡拾垃圾，因此这里指跟随这个倡议开始行动。 12.A.food B.clothes C.tools D.waste √ 解析:根据下文“It wasn’t long until she uncovered some of the upsetting 　　　　of littering”可知，Mysha看到沿途令人担忧的垃圾，因此人们携带购物袋边跑步边捡拾垃圾。  13.A.truths B.processes C.instances D.consequences √ 解析:根据下文“struggling to chew their way out”可知，动物被困住，才会挣扎着想要脱身。这是乱扔垃圾的不良后果。 14.A.rare B.poisonous C.organic D.unstable √ 解析:根据下文“chemicals contained in batteries”可知，电池里含有有毒的化学物质。 15.A.raised B.trapped C.placed D.buried √ 解析:根据下文“struggling to chew their way out”可知，动物被困住，才会挣扎着想要脱身。 16.A.curious B.worried C.passionate D.confused √ 解析:根据下文“She joined her local litter⁃picking group”可知，Mysha加入了本地捡拾垃圾小组，因此她对这种环保行为充满热情。 17.A.take over B.insist on C.turn down D.rise to √ 解析:根据下文“leadership of the group”可知，Mysha接管了小组领导一职。 18.A.ceased B.hesitated C.attempted D.continued √ 解析:根据上文“Despite the big volumes of litter being dropped”可知，尽管垃圾数量庞大，但Mysha和其他成员仍继续着环保行为。 19.A.actions B.dreams C.hobbies D.memories √ 解析:根据空处所在句可知，想到能鼓舞他人的精神，并看到他们的行动感染更多人，Mysha就充满动力。 Ⅲ.语法填空(15分) Residents in a village in Aba County， living near 20._________ origin of the Yellow River， used to suffer a lot during the rainy season. When the stream rose with heavy rain， water would often wash away its earthen banks， 21.　　　　 (cause) many large gaps. The village would quickly be covered with water， making 22.　　　　 hard for residents to take livestock to the market.  However， that situation 23.　　　　 (become) a thing of the past since a 5⁃kilometer wall was built in 2010. 24.　　　　 made the wall special， however， was that it was built without the use of concrete. Tsetan， a local farmer， said he was extremely relieved 25.　　　　 (get) rid of the damage caused by flooding. The wall， 26.　　　　 (construct) with local materials， reflects the architectural style of the region and traditional techniques. It fits so 27.　　　　 (elegant) within the village landscape that visitors can hardly notice where the wall is.  As the country highlights ecological protection and high⁃quality development in the Yellow River Basin， the “ecological wall” built in Pema stands 28.　　　　 an example of a series of environmentally friendly 29.　　　　 (approach) local governments have used to help conserve the mother river of the Chinese nation.  语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了位于黄河源头的阿坝县的一个村庄通过建造“生态墙”，成功解决了雨季洪水问题。 20.the　考查冠词。此处特指黄河的源头，应用定冠词the。 21.causing　考查非谓语动词。句子主干成分完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结果状语，应用cause的现在分词形式。故填causing。 22.it　考查it的用法。根据“making”和“hard for residents to take livestock to the market”可知，此处考查“make it+adj.+for sb. to do”结构，表示“使得做某事对某人来说怎么样”。 23.has become　考查动词时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语，结合“since a 5⁃kilometer wall was built in 2010”可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在，且主语that situation是单数，助动词应用has。故填has become。 24.What　考查主语从句。空处引导主语从句，主语从句缺少主语，结合“made the wall special”可知，主语指物，应用连接代词what作引导词，句首单词的首字母需大写。故填What。 25.to get　考查非谓语动词。固定短语be relieved to do表示“因做某事而感到欣慰”。故填to get。 26.constructed　考查非谓语动词。句子已有谓语，空处是非谓语，作The wall的后置定语，construct和The wall逻辑上是被动关系，且动作已完成，因此用construct的过去分词形式。故填constructed。 27.elegantly　考查副词。空处修饰动词fits，elegant的副词形式elegantly符合题意。 28.as　考查介词。结合“an example of”可知，此处考查短语stand as，表示“作为……而存在”。 29.approaches　考查名词复数。a series of后应用可数名词approach的复数形式。故填approaches。 本课结束 $