Unit 3 Section Ⅱ “Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册配套课件PPT（人教版）

该高中英语课件围绕“Reading and Thinking”新知学习，涵盖词汇（阅读、重点、活用、构词、高级词块）、核心词汇（negotiate等）、重点句式（不定式作主语等）及语篇训练（七选五、阅读等），通过课前词汇默写分层夯实基础，过渡到词汇句式深度解析，再以随堂训练巩固，构建“基础-突破-应用”学习支架。 其亮点在于分层词汇学习结合构词规律培养学习能力，核心词汇句式依托郑和下西洋等文化主题提升语言能力与文化意识，语篇训练通过七选五、微写作等锻炼思维品质。例如用“21世纪海上丝绸之路”串联词汇句式，学生能系统提升综合语言能力，教师可借助结构化资源高效教学。

Section Ⅱ　“Reading and Thinking”的新知学习环节 目 录 NO.1 课前词汇默写 NO.2 核心词汇突破 课时跟踪检测 NO.3 重点句式解构 NO.4 随堂融通训练 课前词汇默写 NO.1 一、阅读单词——知其义 1．merchants from China 来自中国的______ 2．a fishing fleet 一支捕鱼______ 3．the League of Nations 国际______ 4．a spice jar 一个______瓶 5．the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road 21世纪______丝绸之路 商人 船队 联盟 香料 海上 二、重点单词——写其形 1．Marco Polo's ______ 马可·波罗的故事 2．a sight to ________ 极为壮观 3．African ______ families 非洲王室 tales behold royal Channel channels bond bond 三、活用单词——悉其变 extend extension extensive negotiate negotiation withdraw withdrawals 四、拓展构词——明其规(依据规律串记单词) 1. withdrawal：－al结尾的名词 ①survival 生存；幸存 ②arrival 到达；到来 ③proposal 建议；提议 ④refusal 拒绝；回绝 2．extension：－sion结尾的名词 ①decision 决定；决策 ②expansion 扩张；扩展 ③division 分开；分配 ④conclusion 结论；结局 五、高级词块——通其用 1．____________ 寻找；搜索 2．_____________ 以……为中心 3．________ 导致；通向 4．_____________________ 独领风骚 5．_____________________ 在……的指挥下 6．________ 起航；开航 search for centre around lead to in a league of one's own under the command of set sail 7．____________ 作为对……的回报 8．_______________ 退出；撤回 9．_____________________ 跨越海洋 10．________________ 为了……的利益 11．__________ 为了 12．__________ 在手头；可供使用 in return for withdraw from reach out across the sea for the benefit of in order to in hand 核心词汇突破 NO.2 1．Here， merchants from China and many other places met to negotiate trade deals， which also led to more awareness of each other's cultures. 在这里，来自中国和其他许多地方的商人汇聚一起，洽谈贸易协议，这也增进了对彼此文化的认识。 ★negotiate vt.商定；达成(协议) vi.谈判；磋商；协商 |用|法|感|知| ·We are honored to have the opportunity to negotiate with you in this way. 我们很荣幸有机会以这种方式与你们协商。 ·You have to negotiate with the locals about the prices to buy what you need. 你必须和当地人协商你需要购买的物品的价格。 ·(“海洋保护”主题佳句)Now， countries around the world have begun negotiations on how to more effectively protect the oceans. 现在，世界各国都已经开始就如何更有效地保护海洋进行协商。 归纳点拨 (1)negotiate with sb.about/for sth. 和某人商议某事 negotiate sth.with sb. 和某人商议某事 (2)negotiation n. 协商；谈判 under negotiation 在商谈中 in negotiation with 和……协商 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①It is not worthwhile ____________________ with them whether the ___________ is important or not.(negotiate) ②We ____________________________ the purchase of computers. 我们和一家公司商谈了购买电脑的问题。 ③As far as I know， the claim problem is still ________________ . 据我所知，索赔问题仍在商议之中。 negotiating/to negotiate negotiation negotiated with a firm about/for under negotiation 2.The Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea ... 在郑和的指挥下，船队从南中国海起航，穿越印度洋，直抵红海口…… ★set sail起航；开航 |用|法|感|知| ·(“情节描写”佳句)The worst part of the ocean transit was now over.And with the first strong wind， we set sail for Baghdad. 远洋航行中最困难的一段已经过去了。乘着第一阵强风，我们起航驶向巴格达。 ·They arrived a few hours later and set about enlarging the entrance way by hand. 几个小时后，他们到达了，开始徒手拓宽入口。 ·(“动作描写”佳句)Early next morning we packed up the equipment and set off for the coast. 第二天一大早，我们收拾好设备，向海岸出发。 归纳点拨 set about　　　开始做；着手处理 set aside　　　 留出；搁置 set off　　　 出发；动身；使爆炸 set out　　　 动身；开始做 set up 建立；创立 名师点津 表示“开始做……”时，用set about doing 或set out to do。 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①I even set ______ my pocket money to contribute to charity which helps save homeless animals. ②She set about _________ (answer) letters as soon as she arrived at the office. ③They succeeded in what they set out ___________ (complete)． aside answering to complete ④We __________ France which is located in Western Europe. 我们起航前往位于西欧的法国。 ⑤We can __________ early so that we'll have more time to read and select books. 我们可以早点出发，这样我们就有更多的时间读书和选书。 set sail for set out/off 3. Although China withdrew from further expeditions after 1433 ... 尽管1433年后中国停止了进一步的探索…… ★withdraw vt. (使)撤回；撤离；提取；收回vi.离开；退出 |用|法|感|知| (写出下列句中withdraw的含义) ①Both countries withdrew their forces from the region. ______ ②You must withdraw what you've just said. ______ ③He is going to withdraw all his money from the bank. ______ ④They have decided to withdraw from the competition. ______ 撤离 收回 提取 退出 归纳点拨 (1)withdraw ...from ... 从……提取/撤回…… withdraw to 撤向；退回 withdraw from 退出；撤回 (2)withdrawn adj. 沉默寡言的；内向的 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ⑤He wanted to withdraw his name ______ the guest list. ⑥After dinner they withdrew ___ the living room. ⑦He withdrew _____ the entertainment industry and refused to give any interview. ⑧I have an urge to buy a laptop and thus， I have to ___________ _________________________ . 我渴望买一台笔记本电脑，因此，我不得不从银行取些钱。 from to from withdraw some money from the bank 4....and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world. ……同时加强中国与世界其他地区之间的联系。 ★bond n．纽带；关系 vt.& vi.增强信任关系；使牢固结合 |用|法|感|知| ·(“劳动教育”主题佳句)For us students， labor can also help build up our body， and even strengthen the bond with our peers and families. 对于我们学生来说，劳动还可以帮助锻炼我们的身体，甚至可以加强我们与同龄人和家人的联系。 ·The bond between the dog and her owner just gets stronger over time. 随着时间的推移，这只狗和主人之间的感情会越来越深。 ·She saw the vacations as a way to bond with her daughters. 她把度假看成是与女儿亲近的一种方式。 归纳点拨 (1)a bond of friendship 友谊的纽带 the bond between ...and ... ……与……之间的关系 (2)bond with ... 与……建立联系 bond ...to ... 将……粘贴在……上 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Let's test out whether it can be used to bond wood ____ metal. ②It was a special time to bond ____ my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. to with ③There has been a close bond ________ them ever since she saved Mary from drowning. ④It was __________________________________ that brought my friend back. 是我和我的宠物狗之间的纽带，让我的朋友回来了。 between the bond between my pet dog and me 5. Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. 数百年过去了，由于拥有了最新技术，在贸易的必要性和增进关系的愿望的驱动下，中国将跨海越洋，迈向未来。 ★in hand在手头；可供使用 |用|法|感|知| ·(“倡议”类写作佳句)I believe that we must move hand in hand in solving the problem of environmental pollution to create a brighter future. 我认为我们必须携手解决环境污染问题，以创造一个更光明的未来。 ·(“动作描写”佳句)After finishing the work at hand， he checked the truck carefully.完成手头的工作后，他仔细检查了卡车。 ·It was true that it was easier to carry water in this way than by hand. 的确，用这种方法运水比用手提水容易。 归纳点拨 at hand 在手边；在附近 at first hand 第一手地；亲自 by hand 用手工；用手 hand in hand 手挽手；携手 |应|用|融|会| (单句语法填空/完成句子) ①Even for personal letters， I'd rather use a computer than write ___ hand. ②I don't have my photograph album ____ hand， but I'll show it to you later. by at ③_______________________________ ， we can set out to carry out our plan as scheduled. 手头有了足够的资料，我们可以按照安排开始执行我们的计划了。 ④As the old saying goes， success and failure always go _______ ________ . 俗话说，成功与失败如影随形。 Having/With enough data in hand hand in hand 重点句式解构 NO.3 1. To complete the great map of the world was a strong passion for the people of early civilisations. 在早期文明中，人们对绘制世界大地图充满激情。 感知将学语法——动词不定式作表语 句中To complete the great map of the world为动词不定式短语，在句中作主语。动词不定式(短语)的常见用法有： ①It is possible to walk or bike the whole journey.(作主语) 步行或骑车走完全程是可能的。 ②Activities there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment.(作宾语) 那里的活动有观鲸、徒步旅行等，并且住宿设施也力求减小对自然环境的影响。 ③He is not old enough to go to school.(作状语) 他太小了，不能去上学。 ④For 2 days， she never left her baby， not even to find something to eat！(作定语) 两天以来，她从未离开过她的孩子，甚至没有找东西吃！ ⑤Modern technology allows students to access global knowledge instantly， broadening their perspectives significantly.(作宾补) 现代科技让学生能即时获取全球知识，极大拓宽了他们的视野。 ⑥His new task was to search for a rare species in the forest.(作表语) 他的新任务是在森林里寻找一种稀有物种。 2．In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road. 在古代，来自中国的丝绸沿陆路运至印度、中东和罗马，这条路后来就是闻名遐迩的“丝绸之路”。 本句是主从复合句。主句主干是silk found its way； what became ...Road是what引导的名词性从句，作介词along的宾语。此外，what还可以引导表语从句。 what引导的宾语从句放在介词或动词之后，从句中使用陈述语序。what在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，表示“……的……”。其具体用法如下： (1)表示“……的东西或事情”，相当于the thing that ...； all that ...； everything that ...。 (2)表示“……的时间”，相当于the time that ...。 (3)表示“……的人”，相当于the person that ...。 (4)表示“……的地方”，相当于the place that ...。 (5)表示“……的数目”，相当于the amount/number that ...。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空) ①In 1492，Columbus reached ______ is now called America. ②(2024·浙江1月高考)If most of their customers are happy to buy larger quantities， that's ______ they'll promote. what what (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ③小女孩吓得说不出话来，在那里似乎站了好几个小时。 The young girl was too frightened to speak， standing there for _____________________ . ④我们的家乡变化很大，它现在与数年前的样子完全不同。 Our hometown has changed a lot， and now it is quite different from _________________ a few years ago. what seemed like hours what it used to be 3．The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. 作为“一带一路”倡议的组成部分，“21世纪海上丝绸之路”让郑和曾经走过的古代海上航线再度受到关注。 travelled by Zheng He是过去分词短语作定语修饰 routes，相当于一个定语从句，即that/which were travelled by Zheng He。其具体用法如下： (1)过去分词作定语，表示被动或完成，与所修饰的名词之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。 (2)过去分词短语作定语时，要放在所修饰的名词后面，作后置定语；如果是单个的过去分词作定语，放在所修饰的名词前面，一般作前置定语。 “两层级”学通用活句式 (1)通过“句法训练”弄明句式结构(单句语法填空) ①Most of the people ________ (invite) to the meeting were my old friends. ②If we breathe ________ (pollute) air for a long time， we may get sick. ③The new app， ________ (design) to help us learn vocabulary， is very popular among students. invited polluted designed (2)通过“句式仿写”做到熟练运用 ④靠近窗户，有一个书架，里面摆满了许多书。 Near the window， there is a bookshelf _____________________ . ⑤(2025·全国Ⅱ卷写作)你能告诉我那篇介绍加拿大体育运动的文章进展如何吗？ Could you tell me about the progress of the article __________ ________________________ ? filled with many books written to introduce Canadian sports 随堂融通训练 NO.4 课文缩写七选五|根据课文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 REACHING OUT ACROSS THE SEA In ancient times， silk from China found its way overland to India， the Middle East， and Rome， along what became known as the Silk Road. 1 . Over the centuries， further trading allowed more exploration of the regions to the west of China， as recorded in Du Huan's Record of My Travels in the eighth century. Later， the Ming Dynasty further developed relations with these regions. Between 1405 and 1433， seven large fleets sailed west on voyages of trade and exploration. 2 . Under the command of Zheng He， they set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean to the mouth of the Red Sea， and then to the east coast of Africa. To reach out across the sea remains a strong desire today. The ancient sea routes travelled by Zheng He are being revisited with the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road， which is part of the Belt and Road Initiative. 3 . Trading has grown greatly in recent years， and will continue to do so in years to come. 4 . Although the ancient sea routes of Zheng He have been travelled many times， there are still many other places left to explore. In recent years， China has joined other nations on several expeditions to explore the Arctic. 5 . Hundreds of years on， and with the latest technology in hand， the need to trade and the desire to enhance relationships will drive China to reach out across the sea far into the future. A．China has also joined its friends across the sea on other important projects B．These fleets were a sight to behold and were in a league of their own at that time C．Marco Polo's tales inspired European explorers to search for sea routes from west to east D．There is an urgent need to study the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects E．However， merchants and explorers from the East set sail from east to west many years before Columbus first did F．A trading route across the sea was also extended along the coasts of the Indian Ocean， centred around Ceylon (now Sri Lanka) G．The aim of this initiative is to encourage cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas， and strengthen the bonds between China and the rest of the world 答案：1～5　FBGAD 课时跟踪检测 第Ⅰ卷　语言基础训练 (一)单词拼写(5分) (1)News is flying about concerning a ______ (皇家的) wedding. (2)I love listening to his ______ (故事) of life at sea. (3)The experience created a very special ______ (关系) between us. (4)The show has been __________ (延长) for another six weeks. (5)She is the first woman who navigates a sail crossing the English ________ (海峡)． royal tales bond extended Channel (二)单句语法填空(10分) (6)I'm afraid I also need to ask for an __________ (extend) for next week's essay because I've had an accident and hurt my back. (7)He stayed in France for two weeks， __________ (negotiate) an agreement with a French company. (8)Suddenly she looked back and ______ (behold) such glory as she had not even seen in her most vivid dream. extension negotiating beheld (9)I worried if I didn't find a way to bond ______ my friend soon， I might never be close with her again. (10)I was about to __________ (withdraw) my hand when I met Ms Haist's encouraging eyes. with withdraw (三)选词填空(12分) (11)I don't know if he will ______________ the race. (12)As a painter， she is ____________________ . (13)All units ____________________ an army group have reduced supply consumption. in hand， under the command of， withdraw from， in a league of one's own， set sail， in return withdraw from in a league of her own under the command of (14)Wherever you are， we hope you'll have a camera — or a camera phone — ________ . (15)If we smile at life， life will smile on us in ______ . (16)The captain was expecting a safe journey when he ________ . in hand return set sail (四)完成句子(10分) (17)十分钟后，我们到了一个叫松林村的地方。(宾语从句) Ten minutes later， we arrived at ______________ Songlin Village. (18)这位科学家反对这个项目，提出了他自己的想法。(过去分词短语作定语) The scientist， _____________________ ， came up with his own idea. what was called opposed to the project (19)看到不同地方的美丽景色可以开阔我的视野，丰富我的生活经历。(动词不定式作主语) _______________________________________ can broaden my horizons and enrich my life experience. (20)为了获得更多的点击量，我们最好弄清楚西方人更喜欢哪种中国文化。 (in order to) _________________________ ， we'd better find out which Chinese culture westerners prefer. To see the beautiful scenes of different places In order to get more clicks (21)它宽敞、干净、明亮，一个白板在前面，一个在后面。(with复合结构) It is large， clean and bright _______________________________ _______________ . with a whiteboard in the front and one in the back 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 (一)阅读理解 A For thousands of years， Chinese writers have travelled all over the country to take down notes about the geographical conditions of each city.Among them， well－known Chinese geographer and writer Li Daoyuan， in the Northern Wei Dynasty (386－534)， composed his book， Commentary on the Water Classics， after studying the original literary version， Water Classics.He later expanded the river records to 1，252 from the original 137. The book is now being studied again by Professor Li Xiaojie and his team from Fudan University.They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description.So far， they have completed research on four rivers. “Ancient people knew really well how to apply the power of nature to technical considerations，” Li said， giving the example of Qianjin Weir， one of the most famous ancient water conservation projects in Luoyang， Henan.In order to lead the river into the city for irrigation (灌溉) in ancient Luoyang， the officials built a canal branch by separating a northwest－southeast river.However， the canal water wasn't enough to support the citizens in dry seasons.To solve that， on the northern side of the canal branch， the officials built a reservoir (水库) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch， where the waterways would converge and flow together to the city. In Commentary on the Water Classics， a total of 2，800 cities are recorded with details.Still， the process of recreation takes much effort.After doing a lot of text analysis and fieldwork， the team has gradually created the model with 3D modelling software based on repeated deductions (推论)． For Professor Li， the book is not only a record of the natural landscape over 1，000 years ago， but also a detailed description of humanity and culture and a treasure for today's reference. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据古代著作《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了书中描绘的水道情况。 1．What can we learn about the book Commentary on the Water Classics? A．It has been out of date. B．It explains 3D modelling. C．It keeps records of 137 rivers. D．It is based on previous studies. √ 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中“Among them ...Water Classics.”可知，《水经注》是基于对之前《水经》一书的研究而编著的。 2．What does the underlined word “converge” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Join. B．Pass. C．Cross. D．Begin. √ 解析:词义猜测题。根据画线词前“To solve that， on the northern side of the canal branch， the officials built a reservoir (水库) and a channel to lead the water to the canal branch”及画线词后“flow together to the city”可知，此处指水在支流汇合然后一起流入城市，converge意为“汇合”。 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us about model recreation? A．Its major problems. B．Its detailed analysis. C．Its complex process. D．Its successful application. √ 解析:段落大意题。根据第四段“Still， the process ...repeated deductions (推论)．”可知，本段主要讲述重建模型的复杂过程。 4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A．3D Technology Fuels Modern Research B．Ancient Classics Inspire Modern Research C．An Effective Approach to Model Recreation D．A Famous Writer of Chinese Ancient Classics √ 解析:标题归纳题。通读全文，结合第二段中“They have been using drawing software and 3D modelling to recreate the waterway situations on a map based on the book description.”可知，文章主要讲述复旦大学李晓杰教授及其团队根据《水经注》的描述，使用绘图软件和3D建模重现了书中描绘的水道。故B项“古代经典启发现代研究”适合作为文章标题。 B Scientists looking to uncover the mysteries of the underwater world have more valuable information thanks to an international team that has produced a list of species confirmed or expected to produce sound underwater. Led by Audrey Looby from the University of Florida， the Global Library of Underwater Biological Sounds working group collaborated with the World Register of Marine Species to document 729 mammals， fishes， and invertebrates (无脊椎动物) that produce active or passive sounds. In addition， the list includes another 21，911 species that are considered to likely produce sounds. “With more than 70% of the Earth's surface covered by water， most of the planet's habitats are aquatic， and there is a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent. The newly published comprehensive digital database on what animals are known to make sounds is the first of its kind and can revolutionize marine and aquatic science，” the researchers said. “Listening to underwater sounds can reveal a lot of information about the species that produce them and is useful for a variety of applications， ranging from fisheries management and invasive species detection to assessing human environmental impacts，” said Looby， who also co－created FishSounds， which offers a collection of fish sound production research records. The team's research was published in Scientific Data and involved 19 authors from six countries. “Understanding how marine species interact with their environments is of global importance， and this data's being freely available is a major step toward that goal，” said Kieran Cox， a member of the research team. “Most people are familiar with whale or dolphin sounds but are often surprised to learn that many fishes and invertebrates use sounds to communicate， too，” Looby said. “Our database helps demonstrate how widespread underwater sound production really is across a variety of animals， but we still have a lot to learn.” 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。科学家创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，揭开水下世界的奥秘。 5．What does the underlined word “aquatic” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Outdoor.　　　　　　 B．Over－crowded. C．Well－protected. D．Underwater. √ 解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段首句可知，由于地球表面被水覆盖的范围超过70%，所以大多数栖息地都在水下，故画线单词表示“水下的”，与underwater意义相近。 6．What is people's misunderstanding according to the text? A．Most fishes can't make sounds. B．Different species can communicate with each other. C．Mammals can live in water. D．Ocean animals can't get onto the land. √ 解析:细节理解题。根据第三段“With more than 70% ...a misconception that most aquatic organisms are silent.”及最后一段首句可知，人们的误解是大多数水生生物都是沉默的，并惊讶于很多鱼类用声音交流，换言之，人们通常认为大多数鱼类不会发出声音。 7．What is the goal mentioned by Kieran Cox? A．To document ocean animals' sounds. B．To set up a free database for scientists. C．To learn how ocean animals communicate with their environments. D．To publish the research in Scientific Data. √ 解析:推理判断题。根据第五段“Understanding how marine species ...toward that goal”可知，Kieran Cox提到的他们的目标是了解海洋物种如何与环境交流。 8．What is the purpose of the text? A．To call on people to protect ocean animals. B．To introduce the findings of a research team. C．To list the animals that can produce sounds. D．To uncover the mysterious underwater world. √ 解析:写作意图题。根据第一段及第三段“The newly published ... marine and aquatic science”等内容可知，本文主要介绍了科学家团队创建了水下生物声音数据库，以推动海洋科学研究，揭开水下世界的奥秘，所以文章的主要目的是介绍研究小组的新发现。 (二)完形填空 James， a curious boy of 16， had always been attracted by sea exploration， reading countless stories of his father and other sailors and their discoveries. “Dad， can I really go on a sea exploration trip this summer？” James asked weeks ago. His father， a former 9 ， smiled and nodded， “When you're ready， son.” Then the moment came. His father had prepared a small but 10 boat for him. With a map and compass (指南针) in hand， James 11 . The first few hours were thrilling. The sea was 12 ， and the sun shone brightly overhead. However， as the day went on， the sky 13 . The wind picked up， and the waves grew taller and stronger. He tried to keep calm， remembering all that his father had 14 him and handled the boat in severe weather. Days turned into nights and black again. James faced many 15 . There were moments when he thought he might give up， but the 16 of exploring the sea kept him going. Finally， James 17 land. It was a small island that wasn't on his 18 map. On the island， he found 19 plants and animals that he had never seen before. He took careful notes and collected 20 of the plants. When James returned home， he was greeted as a hero. His 21 had taught him bravery， patience and the joy of 22 . The sea had shared some of its secrets with him， and he knew that this was just the 23 of his lifelong journey of sea exploration. 语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了16岁男孩James海上探险的经历与收获。 9．A.conductor B．sailor C．educator D．editor √ 解析:根据上文“reading countless stories of his father and other sailors and their discoveries”可知，James的父亲曾经是一位水手。故选B。 10．A.well－equipped B．nice－decorated C．eco－friendly D．fuel－efficient √ 解析:根据上文“His father had prepared a small but”和下文“boat for him. With a map and compass (指南针) in hand”可知，James的父亲为他准备了一艘装备齐全的船。故选A。 11．A.came along B．signed up C．set off D．turned around √ 解析:根据上文“His father had prepared a small but boat for him. With a map and compass (指南针) in hand”和下文“The first few hours were thrilling.”可知，父亲为他准备了一艘虽小但装备齐全的船，James带着地图和指南针出发了。故选C。 12．A.rough B．deep C．blue D．calm √ 解析:根据下文“and the sun shone brightly overhead”可知，灿烂的阳光照在头顶，所以海上风平浪静。故选D。 13．A.reddened B．darkened C．cleared D．shone √ 解析:根据下文“The wind picked up， and the waves grew taller and stronger.”可知，后来天空变暗了。故选B。 14．A.bought B．sent C．taught D．offered √ 解析:根据上文“remembering all that his father had”可知，James回忆起父亲教给他的一切。故选C。 15．A.surprises B．attractions C．strangers D．challenges √ 解析:根据上文提到的恶劣天气和下文“There were moments when he thought he might give up”可知，James面临许多挑战。故选D。 16．A.dream B．promise C．plan D．chance √ 解析:根据第一段中的“James， a curious boy of 16， had always been attracted by sea exploration”和下文“of exploring the sea kept him going”可知，探索海洋的梦想让James继续前行。故选A。 17．A.spotted B．lost C．shared D．abandoned √ 解析:根据下文“It was a small island”可知，James发现了陆地。故选A。 18．A.favorite B．original C．damaged D．ancient √ 解析:根据上文“It was a small island that wasn't on his”可知，这是一个不在他原地图上的小岛。故选B。 19．A.familiar B．boring C．strange D．ugly √ 解析:根据下文“plants ...never seen before”可知，在岛上，James发现了以前从未见过的奇怪植物和动物。故选C。 20．A.roots B．samples C．photos D．stories √ 解析:根据上文“He took careful notes and collected”和下文“of the plants”可知，James采集了植物样本。故选B。 21．A.adventure B．research C．schedule D．curiosity √ 解析:根据第二段中的“Dad， can I really go on a sea exploration trip this summer？”和第三段中的“handled the boat in severe weather”可知，James的冒险教会了他勇敢、耐心和发现的喜悦。故选A。 22．A.growth B．sharing C．discovery D．collecting √ 解析:根据倒数第二段中的“It was a small island ...never seen before.”可知，James在陌生的小岛发现了新的动植物，他的冒险教会了他发现的喜悦。故选C。 23．A.repetition B．importance C．benefit D．beginning √ 解析:根据下文“of his lifelong journey of sea exploration”可知，James知道这只是他终身海洋探索之旅的开始。故选D。 (三)主题微写作(15分) 课文第三段提到了郑和下西洋，请你使用以下本课所学词汇写一个英语片段，谈一下你对郑和下西洋的认识。词数60左右。 merchant， set sail， negotiate， fleet， in a league of one's own， withdraw from， channel， bond Zheng He's great fleet set sail over 600 years ago， reaching faraway lands no Chinese had visited before. His big ships were in a league of their own — much larger than any other ships at that time. The merchant ships carried valuable goods like silk to trade with foreign kingdoms. Sailors had to negotiate with locals and brave dangerous sea channels. Though China later withdrew from these voyages， these journeys helped create a strong bond between China and other countries. Zheng He showed the world China's peaceful spirit through sailing， not fighting. 本课结束 $