Unit 1 Section Ⅲ Learning About Language-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册配套课件PPT（人教版）

Section Ⅲ　　Learning About Language 语法项目——复习过去分词 目 录 NO.1 语境中体悟 NO.2 学案中理清 课时跟踪检测 NO.3 应用中融通 语境中体悟 NO.1 Xiao Ming's cellphone was broken① by his father yesterday evening.I couldn't get through to him because the cellphone was being repaired ② then.Before this，his cellphone had been broken③ four times because he was careless.Xiao Ming liked cellphone games so much that he didn't study hard. Cellphones are widely used④ nowadays.However， many of them are being used⑤ to play games by teenagers.So far， many questions have been raised⑥ by their parents.Should cellphones be used⑦ by students? Xiao Ming's cellphone will be repaired⑧ well soon.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphone will have been brought⑨ home and will be⑩ being used to play games again. [语法入门] ①是一般过去时的被动语态；②是过去进行时的被动语态； ③是过去完成时的被动语态；④是一般现在时的被动语态； ⑤是现在进行时的被动语态；⑥是现在完成时的被动语态； ⑦是带情态动词的被动语态；⑧是一般将来时的被动语态； ⑨是将来完成时的被动语态；⑩是将来进行时的被动语态。 学案中理清 NO.2 语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语动词之间的逻辑关系。英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者；被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。 一、被动语态的基本构成 被动语态的构成是“be＋动词的过去分词”。语义上主语为动作的承受者或对象，主要用于需要强调动作承受者而不必指出动作执行者的情况，或出于语篇衔接连贯的需要。一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态。被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的变化形式相同。以do为例： 项目 一般时态 进行时态 完成时态 现在 am/is/ are done am/is/are being done has/have been done 过去 was/ were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will be being done shall/will have been done 过去将来 should/would be done 无 should/would have been done ①The work will have been finished by the end of next month. 这项工作将在下个月底完成。 ②I received the news that he had been awarded the first prize in the national science competition. 我得知他在全国科学竞赛中被授予了一等奖。 [名师点津] (1)含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态，其构成为“情态动词(can， may， must等)＋be＋过去分词”； (2)含有be going to， be to， used to， be about to等结构的复合谓语变为被动语态，其构成为“be going to/be to/used to/be about to＋be＋过去分词”。 [对点练]　(用所给词的适当形式填空) ①(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)“The players' personalities ______________ (reveal) during the game， and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，” she adds. ②(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques ____________ (apply) to create this protective functional structure that is also beautiful. ③(2024 ·新高考Ⅱ卷) Those who are dressed inappropriately will __________ (refuse) permission to participate. are revealed are applied be refused ④(2024·全国甲卷)What should __________ (do) with such a beautiful place? ⑤(2024·浙江1月高考)However， though it's nice to get a few cents off a pack of sausages， it would help even more if they could sometimes __________ (offer) in smaller packs. ⑥I was sent to the village last month to see how the development plan ________________ (carry) out in the past two years. be done be offered had been carried 二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．被动语态的否定形式为：be＋not＋过去分词。 As he was not allowed to buy the toy， the boy felt very unhappy. 由于不允许他买这个玩具，这个男孩感觉很不开心。 2．主动句的谓语动词带有复合宾语在变成被动语态时，应将宾语变成被动句的主语，而将宾语补足语保留不动(这时的宾语补足语变为主语补足语)。 We saw him sitting there without doing anything. →He was seen sitting there without doing anything by us. The inspiring speech made us reflect on our life goals， which helped us find our true passions. →We were made to reflect on our life goals by the inspiring speech， which helped us find our true passions. 名师点津:在主动语态中，make， hear， see等词后接不定式要省略to，但转换为被动语态时，则不能省略to。 3．带双宾语的动词作谓语的主动句转换为被动句时，可将表示物的直接宾语变为主语，用for或to引出表示人的间接宾语，或将表示人的间接宾语变为主语。 My father is telling me an interesting story now. →An interesting story is being told to me by my father now. →I'm being told an interesting story by my father now. 4．一些短语动词在主动结构中是不可分开的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 5．主动形式表示被动意义 英语中有很多动词，如break， catch， clean， drive， look， open， sell， read， write， wash 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式表示被动意义，主语通常是物；在这种情况下，常和easily， well等副词连用。 The book sells very well. 这本书卖得很好。 [名师点津] (1)主动语态表示被动意义强调的是主语的特征，而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响。 (2)感官动词feel， sound， taste， look 等后跟形容词、名词构成系表结构，无被动形式。 (3)在need， want， require， deserve， bear 等动词，worth等形容词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。 (4)在某些“主语(人/物)＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。这类形容词有nice， easy， fit， hard， difficult， important， impossible， pleasant， interesting等。 (5)be to rent/blame也属于主动形式表被动意义。 [对点练]　(完成句子) ①This cheese __________ easily.It's too soft. 这种奶酪不容易切。它太软了。 ②The lack of communication is __________ for the team's failure. 沟通不足是团队失败的主因。 doesn't cut to blame ③No one should _______________ for making mistakes， because it's through them that we learn and grow the most. 任何人都不该因犯错而被嘲笑，因为我们正是通过错误来学习和成长的。 ④The math problem was so complex that it was ______________ _____， but after consulting the teacher， I finally understood the logic behind it. 这道数学题太复杂了，不好解答，但在请教老师后，我终于明白了其中的逻辑。 be laughed at difficult to work out 应用中融通 NO.3 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)BMF is an indoor garden system.It can _______ (set) up for a family. 2. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must _____________ (confirm) in advance. 3. (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm， my flight ______________ (delay)by an hour and a half. be set be confirmed had been delayed 4. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Riders have printed nearly 20，000 short stories and poems since the program _______________ (launch) last March. 5. (2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang _________ (put) up at Shakespeare's Birthplace Garden in 2017. 6．(2024·全国甲卷)While the adults were busy with their serious talk outside， I ________ (leave) alone in the kitchen to help my grandmother wash dishes. was launched was put was left 7．Kunqu Opera， for example，_____________ (consider) an old form of Chinese opera， characterized by its elegant lyrics and beautiful melodies. 8．Since the Ming Dynasty， being able to write couplets _________________ (regard) as a mark of the cultured life of scholars. 9．When we got there， we were told that the injured ______________ (send) to the nearest hospital. is considered has been regarded had been sent Ⅱ.语法与写作 1．Tony _______________________________ and donated a large amount of money to the project. 托尼被那位慷慨的女士打动了，为那个项目捐了一大笔钱。 2．This small town _______________________________________， and its beautiful environment attracts tourists from all over the world. 这个小镇被青山绿水环绕，美丽的环境吸引着来自世界各地的游客。 was struck by that generous woman is surrounded by green mountains and clear waters 3．He __________________________________ from small villages and decided to be a volunteer teacher. 受到小村庄优秀教师的鼓励，他决定当一名志愿者教师。 4．Effective measures must ___________________________ from being further polluted. 必须采取有效措施来保护海洋免受进一步的污染。 was inspired by the wonderful teachers be taken to protect the oceans 课时跟踪检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 Science fiction writers create imaginary worlds. The way things work in your imaginary worlds will be based on actual science. So it's important for you to be familiar with the scientific principles and inventions that are related to your creation. For example， if you're writing about humans living on a planet with zero gravity， then you need to know the effects of zero gravity on the human body. Then you have to figure out the exact rules of your imaginary worlds. And you have to follow them. If humans are able to breathe underwater in Chapter 1， your character can't drown in a swimming pool in Chapter 3. The issue here is maintaining your readers' trust. That means the readers are willing to pretend along with you. If you start out with an ordinary detective novel and then throw in someone breathing underwater in the 6th chapter， you will pull the readers out of their imagination. The same thing happens if you change the rules halfway. Part of your preparation work for the novel is to map out its worlds in great detail. You should decide the following issues： the history of the world， the geography， what possibilities it offers， how everything works in this new reality， and how all of these factors affect the way your characters think， feel， and react to things. You don't have to tell your readers all the rules in the first chapter. But you have to let readers know enough to understand what's going on. This also allows you to work out logical problems and contradictions (矛盾) before you start writing. When you are writing， remember to make it feel real. You are inviting readers to visit a new world. They will want to be able to see， hear， feel， smell， and even taste what it's like. Whether your novel is about a world without disease or an undiscovered planet， help your readers feel like they're actually there. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。真实的科学为科幻小说提供了基本原理，也给科幻小说作家提出了科幻小说写作时要注意的事项。 1．What's the relationship between actual science and science fiction? A．Science fiction promotes the development of actual science. B．Science fiction often reflects the development of actual science. C．Actual science limits the imagination described in science fiction. D．Actual science provides basic principles for science fiction. √ 解析:细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Science fiction writers ... be based on actual science.”可知，真实的科学为科幻小说提供了基本原理。故选D项。 2．The second paragraph is mainly developed by __________ . A．making comparisons　　　 B．giving examples C．following the time order　　　 D．analyzing causes √ 解析:推理判断题。根据第二段中的“If humans are able to ... your readers' trust.”和“If you start out ...their imagination.”可知，第二段主要通过举例展开。故选B项。 √ 3．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．It is necessary to do some scientific experiments before writing science fiction. B．It is more difficult to write science fiction than ordinary detective novels. C．Readers of science fiction actually pretend the writers' rules are true. D．It is great to leave some contradictions in your science fiction. 解析:细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The issue here ... pretend along with you. ”可知，科幻小说的读者实际上假装作者的规则是真实的。故选C项。 √ 4．The target readers of the text are _________. A．young scientists 　 B．science fiction writers C．college students D．professional journalists 解析:推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Science fiction writers create ... related to your creation.”和最后一段中的“When you are writing， remember to make it feel real. You are inviting readers to visit a new world.”可推知，文章的目标读者是科幻小说作家。故选B项。 Ⅱ.完形填空 Less than 5.8 centimeters tall， it is a small humanoid robot， which looks and acts like a(n) _____. It got a record. According to the official regulations (规则)， humanoid robots must be able to 6 their shoulders， elbows， knees and hips， and also be able to walk. 7 by a student named Chang， this one is less than half the size of the 8 humanoid robot， which was 9 by other students. 5 Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology. He 10 crawling robots (爬行机器人). Crawling robots 11 look like humans. However， they can be used to examine 12 that are hard to get to. Chang has been interested in 13 since he was a child. He created his first humanoid robot when he was 10. He didn't spend much time making them during high school， but he has returned to his 14 as he has gotten older. It took a few 15 to get his robot right， and he worked hard to make it as small as he could. He 16 a record with his third attempt while he was in the fourth year of his degree. He said he was very happy to have broken the 17 . Chang hopes to 18 with robots when he finishes 19 ， but he'll also keep making them at home as a hobby. 语篇解读:本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位科学技术专业的研究生创造了一个高不足5.8厘米的小型人形机器人，打破了之前的记录。 5．A.insect B．human C．dog D．addict 解析:根据上文“it is a small humanoid robot”可知，这是一个小型人形机器人，因此外表和行为都像人类。故选B。 √ 6．A.move B．turn C．wave D．raise 解析:根据下文“their shoulders， elbows， knees and hips， and also be able to walk”可知，此处介绍人形机器人能实现的功能——它们应该能够活动肩膀、肘部、膝盖和臀部。故选A。 √ 7．A.Influenced B．Picked C．Created D．Explored 解析:根据倒数第二段“It took a few ___________ to get his robot right， and he worked hard to make it as small as he could.”可知，这款机器人是由一位姓Chang的学生发明的。故选C。 √ 8．A.formal B．usual C．official D．previous 解析:根据上文“It got a record.”可知，这款机器人创造了新的纪录，因此是和之前的人形机器人进行对比。previous意为“先前的”。故选D。 √ 9．A.damaged B．broken C．designed D．got 解析:根据上文“It got a record.”可知，此处在介绍创造新纪录的这款人形机器人的情况，应该是与之前由其他学生设计的人形机器人进行对比。故选C。 √ 10．A.researches B．organises C．conducts D．searches 解析:根据上文“Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology.”可知，Chang是一名科学技术专业的研究生，由此可知，此处指他研究爬行机器人。故选A。 √ 11．A.newly B．finally C．exactly D．hardly 解析:根据下文“However， they can be used to examine _______ that are hard to get to.”可知，上下文有转折，下文介绍爬行机器人的专门用途，凸显其优势，由此可推知，此处指爬行机器人几乎不像人类。故选D。 √ 12．A.places B．machines C．lifestyles D．campuses 解析:根据下文“that are hard to get to”可推知，爬行机器人可以用来检查(人)难以到达的地方，从而发挥作用。故选A。 √ 13．A.maths B．robots C．sports D．champions 解析:根据下文“He created his first humanoid robot when he was 10.”可知，他在10岁时创造了第一个人形机器人，由此可推知，他从小就对机器人感兴趣。故选B。 √ 14．A.tradition B．request C．interest D．creativity 解析:根据上文“Chang has been interested in __________since he was a child.”和“He didn't spend much time making them during high school”可知，他在高中阶段几乎淡忘了该兴趣，但随着年龄渐长，又重拾这一兴趣。故选C。 √ 15．A.pens B．tips C．battles D．tries 解析:根据下文“He ___________ a record with his third attempt while he was in the fourth year of his degree.”可知，为了做好这款机器人，他做了好几次尝试。故选D。 √ 16．A.made up B．applied for C．set out D．headed for 解析:根据下文“a record with his third attempt”可知，他是用第三次尝试的成果去申请一项纪录。apply for意为“申请”。故选B。 √ 17．A.record B．habit C．promise D．rule 解析:根据第一段“It got a record.”可知，他因打破了纪录而感到高兴。故选A。 √ 18．A.share B．compete C．work D．talk 解析:根据上文介绍的他对制作机器人有着浓厚的兴趣，以及“Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology.”可知，作为相关专业的学生他会希望和机器人一起工作。故选C。 √ 19．A.homework B．challenges C．experiences D．university 解析:根据上文“Chang is a postgraduate student studying science and technology.”可知，他目前是一名科学技术专业的研究生。由此可知，此处指大学毕业后的愿景。故选D。 √ Ⅲ.语法填空(15分)(★) Walking into the Palace Museum， visitors can see an architectural complex with many characteristics of Chinese culture. But 20.________ can't be seen is the science and technology behind it. The Palace Museum combines traditional restoration techniques with modern science and technology， thus 21.__________ (enhance) its capacity for cultural exhibition， communication， tourism services and heritage protection. The Palace Museum， 22._______ (equip) with a cultural heritage protection and research team with China's most complete variety， has developed and integrated 14 types of special monitoring devices 23. ________ independent intellectual property rights (IPR). The 24._______ (history) risk data is used to study and compile (编译) safety risk assessment index system， risk judgment and early warning systems， and preventive measures. With the introduction of AI， big data and cloud computing， the museum has also established a unique monitoring and response system and 25._______ emergency platform for immovable cultural relics. Additionally， digital technologies 26.______ (apply) by the Palace Museum to protect cultural relics. It has introduced 1.86 million pieces of cultural relic information， 850，000 pieces/sets of images， 1，500 three－dimensional models and high－precision panoramic images (全景图) of all open areas， bringing cultural resources to life and offering 27._______ (good) digital services for Internet users. The Palace Museum is 28.______ (true) an amazing example of applying the 29._______ (combine) of modern and traditional technologies to the restoration and preservation of more of the cultural relics. 语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。短文介绍了故宫将传统修复技术与现代科学技术相结合，从而增强了其文化展示、交流、旅游服务和遗产保护的能力。 20．what　考查名词性从句。空处引导主语从句，作主语，指代事物，应用连接代词what。 21．enhancing　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，表示自然而然的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，故填enhancing。 22．equipped　考查非谓语动词。空处为非谓语动词，The Palace Museum与equip为逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式，故填equipped。 23．with　考查介词。句意：故宫博物院配备了中国品种最齐全的文化遗产保护和研究团队，开发并集成了14种具有自主知识产权的专用监测设备。根据句意可知，表示“有”，用介词with。 24．historical　考查形容词。根据句意和空后的名词短语可知，修饰名词，表示“历史的”用形容词historical。 25．an　考查冠词。platform为可数名词，泛指“一个应急平台”，且emergency的发音为元音音素开头，故填an。 26．have been applied　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时；主语与谓语为被动关系，且主语为复数，故填have been applied。 27．better　考查形容词比较级。根据句意可知，表示更好的，用形容词比较级better。 28．truly　考查副词。修饰谓语应用副词，故填truly。 29．combination　考查名词。apply后接名词作宾语，combination“结合”为抽象概念，不可数。 本课结束 $