Unit 10 Section 4 Focus on Language：Passive Forms in the Past-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册配套课件PPT（北师大版）

Focus on Language: Passive Forms in the Past Section 4 课时目标 1.掌握一般过去时、过去进行时和过去完成时的被动语态的构成及用法，并在学会实际语境中运用。 2.掌握相似时态的区别及用法，并能够学以致用。 语境中体悟　 Walking home a few days ago, I saw that reconstruction work was being done① on the old market.The old gate had been torn② down. Rubbish was being cleared③ away from the floor. It was reported④ that when all this was finished⑤， it would be turned into a modern shopping mall.The news divided the people of the town: some were in favour of the new shopping mall and some were against it. [语法入门] ①③是过去进行时的被动语态，表示被动动作过去正在进行； ②是过去完成时的被动语态，表示被动动作在过去某一时间之前已经完成； ④⑤是一般过去时的被动语态，表示在过去某一时间内某个动作被做。 学案中理清　 语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和谓语动词之间的具体关系，分为主动语态和被动语态两种。主动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词所表示的动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be动词的变化表现出来的。过去时的被动语态主要包括一般过去时的被动语态、过去进行时的被动语态和过去完成时的被动语态等。 [自主感知] ①(教材典句)The concept was first talked about as long ago as the 1920s. ②(教材典句)In the 1950s, an attempt was made by two scientists to prove the theory mathematically. ③(教材典句)Once the parcel had been received by this person, he/she would send the parcel onto a contact of theirs ... ④(教材典句)Its name was used as the title of a play and then a film. ⑤(教材典句)Soon the game was being played in universities across the United States. [我的发现] 以上句子中的谓语动词均为__________ ，其中句①②④为__________ ________的被动语态；句③为_____________的被动语态；句⑤为________ ______的被动语态。 被动语态 一般过 去时 过去完成时 过去进 行时 [规则点拨] 一、一般过去时的被动语态 1．构成：was/were＋过去分词 2．用法：表示在过去某一时间内某个动作被做 This city was liberated in 1948. 这个城市是在1948年解放的。 He was elected president of the Students' Union last year.去年他被选为学生会主席。 A note was passed up to the speaker just now. 刚才有人给演讲者递上来一张纸条。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①(2025·浙江1月高考)“He claimed his father's watch __________ (hide) beneath it，” he added. was hidden ②(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, _________ (build) at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. ③(2024·浙江1月高考)Each child _________ (tell) if they waited for 15 minutes before eating the treat, they would be given a second treat. was built was told ④(2023·全国乙卷)Having visited several times over the last 10 years, I____________ (amaze) by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. ⑤(2023·浙江1月高考)In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City ... Citizens of higher social classes _____________ (permit) to live closer to the center of the circles. was amazed were permitted 二、过去进行时的被动语态 1．构成： was/were＋being＋过去分词 2．用法： (1)表示在过去某一特定时间内某事正在被做； (2)少数及物动词的过去进行时表示过去按计划、安排将要发生的动作。 The feast was being prepared when it began to snow outside. 宴会正在准备之中，这时外边下起了雪。 He said many activities were being planned for the celebration of the company's 60th anniversary. 他说为纪念公司成立60周年，许多活动都在筹划中。 This road was being built this time last year. 这条路去年这个时候还在修建中。 Was the TV set being fixed this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候电视机正在被维修吗？ |名|师|点|津|　过去进行时的被动语态与一般过去时的被动语态的区别： 过去进行时的被动语态强调的是在过去的某段时间内正在进行的被动动作，一般过去时的被动语态表示的是某个被动动作已经发生。 The farmer said the policemen came to their rescue timely when they were being trapped in the snowstorm. 这个农民说当他们被困在暴风雪中时，警察及时赶来救了他们。 He spared no effort to prepare himself for the college entrance exam, and finally he was admitted to the university he had been dreaming of. 他不遗余力地为高考做准备，最终被他一直梦想的大学录取了。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①The stone under her feet rolled, and as she ________________ (pull) into the river, she called out for help. ②A window in our classroom was broken when it _____________ _______ (clean)． ③When I got to his house, I found that the walls ____________ _________(paint)． ④After school we went to the reading-room to do some reading, only to be told that it ___________________ (decorate)． was being pulled was being were being was being decorated cleaned painted 三、过去完成时的被动语态 1．构成： had＋been＋过去分词 2．用法：过去完成时的被动语态通常表示过去某一时间之前已经被完成的动作。具体使用场合： (1)过去的两个动作发生的先后顺序能通过语境判断出来，先发生的被动动作用过去完成时表示。 (2)用于一些主从复合句或含有特定时间状语的简单句中。 His newly-written novel had been translated into English by the end of last month. 上个月末，他刚写的小说已被翻译成了英语。 She found the house had been destroyed by the storm. 她发现房子已经被暴风雨摧毁。 The fire had been put out before the firefighters arrived. 消防队员到达之前，火已经被扑灭了。 |名|师|点|津|　过去完成时的被动语态与现在完成时的被动语态的区别： 现在完成时的被动语态表示相对于现在来说已被完成的动作，过去完成时的被动语态表示相对于过去某一时刻来说已被完成的动作。 Many words have been added to this edition of the dictionary.这一版本的词典上增加了许多词。 The professor was very delighted to find that two thirds of the project had been finished by the students independently.教授非常高兴地发现，学生们已独立完成了该项目的三分之二。 [对点练]　(单句语法填空) ①The manager found that his office __________________ (break) into the day before. ②The young scholar died though great efforts _________________ (make) to save his life. ③Lisa had to have her car repaired in a garage because it _______ ______________(damage) seriously. ④Johnson risked his life to save his daughter who __________ ________(trap) in the building for two days. had been broken had been made had been damaged had been trapped [随堂应用体验] Ⅰ.把下列句子变成被动语态 1．In those days, people named it “the Garden City”. →In those days,__________________________________________. 2．In 2022, people threw away 5.3 billion mobile phones. →In 2022,________________________________________________. it was named “the Garden City” by people 5.3 billion mobile phones were thrown away by people 3．He said they were taking a range of measures to address pollution. →He said _________________________________ to address pollution. 4．At that time, the coach was training him. →At that time,______________________________. a range of measures were being taken he was being trained by the coach 5．They also found the artist had signed his signature and a date in the portrait's curtain. →They also found _______________________________________ _________in the portrait's curtain. the artist's signature and a date had been signed Ⅱ.根据所给汉语完成下面语段 Mr Smith had to go to work by bus this morning as ①__________ _____________(他的汽车正在被维修)．He hurried to the bus station only to be told that ②_______________________(公共汽车被推迟了) because of the snowstorm.He remembered when ③_________________ ______________(他被困在暴风雪中) last year the PLA soldiers came to rescue timely.We're supposed to help others in the way ④____________ _______(我们被帮助的)． his car was being repaired the buses had been put off he was trapped in the snowstorm we were helped 课时检测 第Ⅰ卷　语法强化训练 (一)单句语法填空(20分) (1)The photos, which __________ (take) while I was studying in Beijing, remind me of many happy memories. (2)It was dark now, and outside, a bitter east wind ________ ______________(accompany) with flurries of snow. (3)By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _________ _____________(complete) in Beijing. were taken was had been accompanied completed (4)Dad had to cycle to work this morning because his car _____ _____________(repair) at the garage. (5)It was at dawn that he _______________ (observe) to leave the building hastily and take a taxi away. (6)Two suspects _____________________ (question) at 9：00 a．m. yesterday. (7)Some houses ________________ (build) in the village at this time yesterday. was being repaired was observed were being questioned were being built (8)—I saw you and Ann do some gardening yesterday afternoon. Why didn't you take part in Sam's wedding ceremony? — I would have. But my car _______________ (fix)． (9)At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _______________ (reach)． (10)Experiments of this kind _____________________ (conduct) in both the US and Europe long before the Second World War. was being fixed had been reached had been conducted (二)完成句子(10分) (11)The retired teacher is said to have returned from the US,_____ __________________________________________.据说那位退休的老师已经从美国回来了，在那里他的一些学生拜访了他。 (12)It's great that all the visitors ____________________________ _______were saved. 所有被困在岛上的游客都得救了，这真是太棒了。 where he had been visited by some of his old students who had been trapped on the island (13)The boy was reminded that his homework________________ __________.男孩被提醒他的作业还没有交上来。 (14)— What will the weather be like tomorrow? — I have no idea. I was on the phone when____________________ ___________________. ——明天天气怎么样？ ——我不知道。天气预报播出时我正在打电话。 (15)Absent from the meeting were Tom and Jack,_______________ _______________.缺席会议的是汤姆和杰克，他们被堵在路上了。 had not been handed in the weather report was being broadcast who were caught in the traffic jam 第Ⅱ卷　语篇综合训练 (一)阅读理解 For decades, Jean Moffatt has been reaching out over the airwaves.As an amateur radio operator, Moffatt has connected with people worldwide.“By sending signals to satellites, I've talked to people from the Arctic to the Antarctic，” Moffatt said.And on Wednesday at the Ontario Science Centre, the 96-year-old got to go even further. An amateur radio connection allowed the senior and students to speak with Commander Luca aboard the International Space Station.By connection, Moffatt told the astronaut she was very excited, admitting that this was a bucket-list wish she had for many years.Then Moffatt asked if Luca could keep the space station clean and tidy, adding that she had done lots of cleaning in her life. When Moffatt was a young girl, she moved to Toronto with her family, hoping there would be chances for a girl interested in science.She desperately wanted to go to university, but moving house placed a significant burden on their finances.Not discouraged, she took a course in amateur radio, then a popular technology, and shortly after she got her license.After retiring, Moffatt started volunteering at the Ontario Science Centre.Armed with her radio license, she helped set up the centre's first radio shack (无线电设备室)． The idea to connect with the International Space Station came just after Moffatt's 36th birthday.Finally after 60 years with the help of amateur radio operators and NASA, Moffatt made her connection.While the connection wasn't very clear, she was so moved to tears, telling those who had gathered to watch that it was the “highlight” of her life. Moffatt plans to keep volunteering at the centre, introducing younger people to the older form of technology, and to keep speaking to anyone who can pick up her signal.“It's a technology even older than me and I love amateur radio，” Moffatt added. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了96岁的业余无线电爱好者Jean Moffatt通过无线电与国际空间站实现通话，达成毕生梦想的故事及其对科学的热爱。 1．What can we learn about Moffatt from the first two paragraphs? A．She attempted an Internet talk. B．She was an environmentalist. C．She was into space exploration. D．She achieved a lifetime goal. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段以及第二段中的“By connection, Moffatt told the astronaut she was very excited, admitting that this was a bucket-list wish she had for many years.”可知，通过前两段我们可以了解到Moffatt实现了毕生的梦想。 2．Why did Moffatt and her family move to Toronto? A．To pursue a radio license. B．To seek better opportunities. C．To attend a radio school. D．To survive financial troubles. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“When Moffatt was a young girl, she moved to Toronto with her family, hoping there would be chances for a girl interested in science.”可知，Moffatt和她的家人搬到多伦多是为了寻求更好的机会。 3．What does Moffatt plan to do further? A．Promote radio communication. B．Continue her passion for radio. C．Start her radio shack business. D．Acquire new scientific ability. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Moffatt plans to keep volunteering at the centre, introducing younger people to the older form of technology, and to keep speaking to anyone who can pick up her signal.”可知，Moffatt打算继续她在业余无线电领域的热情，并继续她的志愿工作。 4．Which of the following can best describe Moffatt? A．Creative and ambitious. B．Out-spoken and energetic. C．Passionate and determined. D．Broad-minded and generous. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Not discouraged, she took a course in amateur radio, then a popular technology, and shortly after she got her license.”可知，Moffatt非常坚定。根据最后一段中的“Moffatt plans to keep volunteering at the centre, introducing younger people to the older form of technology, and to keep speaking to anyone who can pick up her signal.”可知，Moffatt对业余无线电充满热情。综合以上信息可知，Moffatt是一位有热情和决心的人。 (二)语法填空(15分) The Taklimakan Desert, known as the “Sea of Death”， has eventually been encircled by a sand-blocking green belt that stretches 3,046 kilometers. The final 10-meter stretch of sand 5 (plant) with saplings (树苗) of desert poplar, rose willow and other drought-resistant plants in Yutian. This marked the 6 (complete) of the green belt's last part of 285 km. Over the past four decades, Xinjiang 7 (witness) a gradual increase in reforestation, forming a 2,761-km sand blocking belt around the desert by the end of 2023.However, 8 final 285-km gap between the southern edge of the desert and the southeast edge became the most 9 (challenge) part. According to local conditions, the region carried out scientifically reliable 10 (strategy) to control sand. In areas with relatively good water and soil resources，biological sand control is prioritized by planting drought-resistant plants. In regions with relatively insufficient water resources, photovoltaic (光伏的) sand control is mainly used.In areas lacking water and 11 the conditions for photovoltaic installation are inadequate, engineering sand control is the primary method. The large solar panels 12 (build)in the desert not only generate electricity but also reduce surface wind speed. The land beneath the solar panels can be used to plant drought-resistant plants or crops, which help to fix the sand 13 place with their root systems, 14 (achieve) the benefit of electricity generation, increased agricultural income and sand control. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了围绕塔克拉玛干沙漠建设的防沙绿化带的完成情况。 5．was planted　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语，根据下文的“This marked”可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时；主语 The final 10-meter stretch of sand与 plant之间是被动关系，且主语是单数，故填 was planted。 6．completion　考查名词。根据空前的“the”和空后的“of”可知，空处应用名词形式，故填 completion。 7. has witnessed　考查时态和主谓一致。空处在句中作谓语，根据时间状语“Over the past four decades”可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语是单数，故填has witnessed。 8．the　考查冠词。此处表特指，且第一段最后一句已有提及，应用定冠词the。 9．challenging　考查形容词。根据空前的“the most”和空后的“part”可知，空处作定语，应用形容词challenging“富于挑战性的”。 10．strategies　考查名词复数。空前有reliable，此处应用名词，且strategy是可数名词，应用复数形式。故填strategies。 11．where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是表示地点的areas，且空处在从句中作地点状语，应用表示地点的关系副词。故填 where。 12．built　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语，且solar panels与build之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，故填 built。 13．in　考查介词。in place 意为“在正确位置”，为固定搭配，故填in。 14．achieving　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处位于which引导的非限制性定语从句中，从句的句子结构完整，空处应为非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表示前一动作的结果，应用现在分词形式作结果状语。故填 achieving。 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.zghkt.cn $