Unit 4 Section 2 “Avatars”的课文习读环节-【新课程学案】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册配套课件PPT（北师大版）

“Avatars”的课文习读环节 Section 2 课时目标 1.阅读并概括提炼文本中关于虚拟形象的主要信息。 2.找出并梳理虚拟形象在不同方面的具体影响。 3.反思与评价虚拟形象与人们的关系，并对网络安全问题进行辩证式思考。 课文阅读理解 课文写法借鉴 美文阅读润心 课时检测 Contents 目录 01 02 03 04 3 01 课文阅读理解 泛读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)理清文脉结构 computer games web chats variety creativity personalities afraid a risk more exciting (二)把握主旨大意 1．What's the main idea of the text? A．Some information about avatars. B．How to express yourself using pictures. C．The history of avatars. D．The definition of avatars. √ 2．Match the main idea with the proper paragraph. Para.1　　A．The views about avatars Para.2　　B．The history of avatars Para.3　　C．The definition of avatars Para.4　 D．People's diverse use of avatars Para.5　　E．The widespread use of avatars in social media Para.6　　F．The relationship between avatarchoice and character 答案：Paras.1～6　CBDFEA 精读课文，完成以下学习任务 (一)阅读理解 1．What's an avatar? A．Your own image.　 B．An Internet user. C．Your new identity. D．A digital image. √ 2．Which of the following is TRUE about the first avatars? A．They appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. B．They began to exist in the 1990s. C．They were used in web chats. D．They were ready-made images. √ 3．What avatar means that you are a funny person? A．A cute cat. B．A cartoon mouse. C．A laughing monkey. D．A nice-looking monkey. √ 4．Why do some users have more than one avatar? A．They have the power to create more avatars. B．They don't want others to know their sex. C．They don't want to make their avatars seen by their friends. D．They want to use different avatars in different situations. √ 5．What can we know from the last paragraph? A．Avatars can be wrongly used to cheat others online. B．Avatars will be bigger and more exciting. C．The use of avatars can cause too many concerns. D．All the users will be afraid of meeting people in virtual worlds. √ [Tip] 识破干扰项之引申过度 引申过度是指选项虽出自阅读文章，但却超出了文章允许的范围。课文最后一段的第一句表明虚拟形象的使用引起了一些担忧，但本题C项“虚拟形象的使用可引发太多的担忧”即属于引申过度。　　　　 (二)阅读表达 1．How can people get their own avatars? ________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．What can the avatars in online worlds do? _________________________________________________________________________ 3．What are people's views on the use of avatars? _________________________ People can choose an avatar from a selection of ready-made images, or create their own images. They can talk, walk and fly around, meet people, go shopping and attend classes. Positive but a little worried. |阅|读|技|能|提|升| 关注关键词句，明确说明对象 本文的语篇类型为事物介绍类说明文。这类文章的结构通常由三部分组成，即引出说明对象——详细解说说明对象——总结说明对象。本文采用下定义的方式引出说明对象，即虚拟形象，接着详细解说了虚拟形象的特点、作用等，最后通过人们对虚拟形象的不同看法总结说明了虚拟形象的前景。读文时应重点解读文章的标题、首段的关键词及结尾，最终总结出全文着力说明的中心事物，即文章的说明对象。 02 课文写法借鉴 (一)赏用词之妙　 1. However, nearly all avatars are tall, young and nice-looking, so people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life. 赏析：本句中使用了三个描写外貌的形容词 tall、young和nice-looking，形象地描写出人们喜爱的虚拟形象的外貌特征。 2. They also experiment with things like different hairstyles — which says a lot, perhaps, about what they want to look like. 赏析：本句中使用了experiment的生义用法，此处意为“尝试；试用”，表明人们进行了诸多尝试；使用了动词say的生义用法，此处意为“表明(某人的性格或某物的特质)是……”，表明虚拟形象透露出你的信息。使用perhaps一词，语气委婉，说明“他们希望自己看起来是什么样子”只是一种可能，而不是绝对的事实。这样的描述可以使作者的陈述更为客观，也使读者更容易接受。 [提能训练]　(写出下列句中蓝体词的词性和含义) ①We need to conduct an experiment to test this hypothesis. ______ ②I decided to experiment with a new hairstyle. ______ ③What does the clock say？ ____________ n.实验 v.尝试 v.显示，表明 (二)赏句式之高　 1. These digital identities, known as avatars, are a key part of how people use the Internet to communicate and express themselves. 赏析：这是一个主从复合句。known as avatars为过去分词短语作后置定语；how引导宾语从句，作介词of的宾语。高级结构的使用使得句子既简洁又准确，不拖泥带水，点明了虚拟形象的概念及重要性。 2. When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. 赏析：这是一个主从复合句。其中when引导时间状语从句；第一个that引导宾语从句，其中含有that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词new identities。两个从句概括地说明了虚拟形象的虚拟性和便利性。 3. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. 赏析：这是一个主从复合句。that引导宾语从句，其中包含so ... that ...结构，引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”，进一步介绍了一些人对虚拟形象使用的担忧。 [提能训练]　(单句语法填空/完成句子) ①These are the very reference articles ____ I am looking for. ②The book, ______________ (写于1957年), tells the struggles of the miners. ③He spoke ______________ (如此快以至于) his students couldn't follow him.　　　　 that written in 1957 so quickly that (三)赏衔接之顺　 1．The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats. 赏析：本句中使用了yet一词，强调了当时人们对虚拟形象发展认识的局限性。很少有人能想到虚拟形象后来会有如此广泛的形式和用途，而到20世纪90年代末，虚拟形象已经被用于网络聊天了。该词的运用突出了虚拟形象的迅速发展。 2．However, other users view avatars in a more positive light. 赏析：本句使用However一词，表示转折关系，引出了人们对虚拟形象的不同看法。 [提能训练] ①(翻译句子)He was determined to become a writer in 1990.Yet, very few people thought he would succeed. Just ten years later, he became world-famous. ____________________________________________________________________________________ ②(选词填空：however/therefore) Some people think the newly-developed tourism will benefit the locals._________, others worry that it will harm the local ecosystem.　　　 1990年，他决心成为一名作家。然而，很少有人认为他会成功。仅仅十年后，他就举世闻名了。 However (四)赏修辞之功　 ... they started having more than one avatar: a sensible one for work; a friendly, good-looking one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun. 赏析：此句中“a sensible one for work; a friendly, good-looking one for meeting people; and a silly one for having fun”运用了排比的修辞手法，表达了人们使用不止一个虚拟形象的具体情况。排比手法的使用使行文简洁流畅，朗朗上口，增强了句子的气势。 [提能训练]　(完成句子并体会修辞手法的运用) I am very happy because my parents ____________， my teachers _________________， my friends ________________， and society ________________. 我很幸福，因为父母给予我生命，老师给予我知识，朋友给予我友情，社会给予我温暖。　　　 give me life give me knowledge give me friendship gives me warmth 03 美文阅读润心 在科技的奇幻世界里，有一种神奇的机器人，它仿佛拥有一颗懂得微笑的心灵，不仅能够预测你微笑的时刻，还会在你微笑时，以微笑回应。通过人工智能技术，它仿佛获得了一种与我们更亲近的联系方式。或许，在不久的将来，这样的机器伙伴会成为我们生活中的一部分，为我们带来更多温暖和陪伴。 This robot predicts when you're going to smile and smiles back A humanoid robot can predict whether someone will smile a second before they do, and match the smile on its own face. The creators hope the technology could make interactions with robots more lifelike. Although artificial intelligence can now imitate human language to an impressive degree, interactions with physical robots often fall into almost failure，in part because robots can't copy the complex non-verbal cues and habits that are vital for communication. ① Now, Hod Lipson at Columbia University in New York and his colleagues have created a robot called Emo that uses AI models and high-resolution cameras to predict people's facial expressions and try to copy them. It can expect whether someone will smile about 0.9 seconds before they do, and smile itself in return. “I'm a bored roboticist, but I smile back at this robot，” says Lipson. ② Emo consists of a face with cameras in its eyeballs and flexible plastic skin that has 23 separate motors attached to it by magnets.The robot uses two neural networks: one to look at human faces and predict their expressions and another to work out how to produce expressions on its own face. ③ The first network was trained on online videos of people making faces， while the second network was trained by having the robot watch itself make faces on a live camera feed. “It learns what its face is going to look like when it's going to pull all these muscles，” says Lipson. “It's sort of like a person in front of a mirror， when even if you close your eyes and smile， you know what your face is going to look like.” ④ ⑤ Lipson and his team hope that Emo's technology will improve human-robot interactions, but they first need to broaden the range of expressions the robot can make. They also hope to train it to make expressions in response to what people are saying, rather than simply imitating another person, says Lipson. [阅读理解] 1．Why was a robot that can smile back at people created? A．To make the robot more like human. B．To communicate with people. C．To test how smart the robot is. D．To show the robot's response speed. √ 2．What play a key role in smiling back? A．Cameras.　　　　 B．Magnets. C．Skins. D．Motors. √ 3．What will Lipson and his team do next? A．Train the robot to make more faces. B．Let the robot know people's words. C．Get the robot to make more expressions. D．Improve communication between robots. √ [素养积累] 1．由文积词汇 predict v．　　　　　　 预测；预计 interaction n. 交流；互动 artificial intelligence 人工智能 imitate v. 模仿 impressive adj. 令人印象深刻的 complex adj. 复杂的 cue n. 信号；提示；线索 vital adj. 非常重要的 flexible adj. 灵活的；柔软的；易弯曲的 magnet n. 磁；磁铁 muscle n. 肌肉 broaden v. 拓宽；加宽 2．据文悟句式 句①：主从复合句。前面是although引导的让步状语从句；主句中又含有because引导的原因状语从句，在此状语从句中又含有that引导的定语从句。 句②：主从复合句。robot后接called Emo和that uses ...两个定语；to predict and try to ...是不定式作目的状语。 句③：主从复合句。skin后接that引导的定语从句；过去分词短语attached to ...作定语，修饰motors。 句④：并列句。while是并列连词，表对比；前一句中making faces作定语；后一句含有have sb. do的结构。 句⑤：主从复合句。when引导时间状语从句，其中又含有even if引导的让步状语从句；know后又接一个what引导的宾语从句。 04 课时检测 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Born and brought up in a small family in Kaliwal village in India, Veeranna Madiwalar's childhood was full of struggle.Even as his parents struggled to make ends meet, it was very difficult to pay his school fees.It was his uncle who supported his education.“He used to say that he saw a changemaker and artist in me, and he wanted me to complete my education，” he says. After receiving his master's degree in English and Kannada, he moved back to his hometown because he wanted to make education better for future generations.“I worked for four years before being made the headmaster of a school in 2016，” he says, adding that the old and poor building and lack of infrastructure (基础设施) made him think of his own school's state. Using his own money, he started small — he planted a few trees across the campus, and started repair work on the building.But he knew he could not fund the repair of the school alone and would need more help.So he used the power of social media (社交媒体) to raise money.“I started posting pictures of the school with my repairs on social media.Word spread and, surprisingly, many people came forward to help me，” he says. Today this school is _________ from what it used to be — with colourful walls, lots of infrastructure, trees, a garden, and a library with picture books and audio-visual resources (视听资源) in English and Kannada.And the number of students has grown from 76 to 136. a far cry “The change is amazing，” says Suleman Sheikh, an official from the school.“It didn't happen overnight.It was a slow journey, and everyone, even students, played a part in it.Today, the school stands proudly, and the students have a place they truly enjoy studying in.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Veeranna Madiwalar完成学业后，回到家乡通过求助网络筹集资金，改善当地的教育情况的故事。 1．What led Veeranna to go back to Kaliwal village? A．The plan to complete his degree. B．The wish to improve local education. C．The post of headmaster at a school. D．The decision to change his old school's state. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“After receiving his master's degree in English and Kannada, he moved back to his hometown because he wanted to make education better for future generations.”可知，改善当地教育的愿望让Veeranna回到了Kaliwal村。 2．How did Veeranna solve the problem of shortage of funds? A．By planting trees by himself. B．By selling pictures to newspapers. C．By working part-time as a repairman. D．By turning to social media. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“So he used the power of social media to raise money.”可知，Veeranna通过求助社交媒体解决资金短缺的问题。 3．What does the underlined phrase “a far cry” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Quite far.　　　 B．Completely different. C．Very similar. D．Obviously sad. √ 解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段画线短语后文“with colourful walls, lots of infrastructure, trees, a garden, and a library with picture books and audio-visual resources in English and Kannada”可知，今天这所学校与过去完全不同了。故画线短语的意思是“完全不同”。 4．What does Suleman want to stress? A．Well begun is half done. B．More hands make light work. C．Actions speak louder than words. D．Nothing is impossible to a willing heart. √ 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It was a slow journey, and everyone, even students, played a part in it.”可知，Suleman想强调“众人拾柴火焰高”。 B How would you go without your smartphone? For many of us, our smartphone is the first and last thing we look at every day. We depend on it to perform a number of tasks and connect with our friends and family. But have we become addicted to our phones? Certainly, the inventor of the first mobile phone, American engineer Martin Cooper, thinks we might be. In an interview, he suggested people quit scrolling (刷屏) and “get a life”. But of course, once we start scrolling or watching videos, we just can't kick the habit. Psychologist Jean Twenge says we feel regret for “checking our phone again and again if we're waiting for a text or getting really into social media then kind of, looking up and realising that an hour has passed”． But does it matter if we make the most of this technology? Possibly, because like medicine, the problem appears when it is ___________. A study from King's College London found young people couldn't control the amount of time they spend on their phone. Such behaviour means that people become “anxious” or “upset” if they are not allowed to be on the phone continuously, which can cause anxiety and mental health problems. Interestingly, another study by the London School of Economics Science suggests we don't just look at our phones when we receive text or email messages. The people they studied felt an automatical (自动的) need to check their phone, just as a smoker would light a cigarette. withdrawn One solution could be an app that rewards (奖励) students for time spent away from their phones. Another choice is changing your smartphone to a dumbphone that has none of the things that turn your attention away. But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world! 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了手机依赖症的特点及其产生的问题，并希望人们能够放下手机，投入现实世界中来。 5．What is Martin Cooper's attitude to focusing on smartphones? A．Uncaring.　　　　　 B．Doubtful. C．Unclear. D．Unacceptable. √ 解析：观点态度题。根据第二段中的“In an interview, he suggested people quit scrolling and ‘get a life’．”可推知，Martin Cooper不支持人们天天刷手机。 6．What does the underlined word “withdrawn” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Stopped. B．Increased. C．Offered. D．Saved. √ 解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词下文可知，画线词所在句意为“就像药物一样，当它被停用时，问题就出现了”，也就是说手机和药物一样，一直吃药会产生依赖，但一旦停药，身体就会出问题。由此推知，画线词withdrawn与stopped意思接近。 7．What is the author's key suggestion in the last paragraph? A．Concentrate on studies. B．Get a reward for offline time. C．Buy a new smartphone. D．Contact with the real world. √ 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“But mainly, perhaps, we just need to look up more and reconnect with the real world！”可知，与现实世界接触是作者在最后一段的关键建议。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Benefits from Smartphones B．Addiction to Smartphones C．Development of Smartphones D．Disadvantages of Smartphones √ 解析：标题归纳题。第一段中的“But have we become addicted to our phones？”提出了文章的主题，下文对这一主题展开了论述，指出了人们对手机上瘾的症状及其产生的问题，最后对此提出了建议。由此可知，B项“智能手机成瘾”适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 Kids are begging parents for cell phones at younger and younger ages, leaving families with tough choices to make. It might take some time to teach kids how to use phones as tools, not toys. Here are a few ways to get the message across. Tell them not to use phones at school. Phones can be a distraction (干扰) from learning when used in the classroom. ___ In fact, 43% of teens admit that they often or sometimes use their phones as a way to avoid face-to-face communication with others. 9 Encourage them to contact long-distance relatives. ___ They're also for keeping in touch with people who you may not get to talk to as often. If you have families who live in another city or state, ask your kids to strike up a conversation. Lead by example. Setting an example is not only about how you use your phone, but also about how much you use it. When you feel bored and expect to glance over social media, fight it by taking a short walk. ___ 10 11 Advise them not to use phones at the dinner table. For many families, the only time they truly get together is breaking bread at the end of a long day. ___ Asking your children to leave their phones far from the dinner table is a great way to solve the problem. ___ Sometimes, kids need a little push in order to make better choices about their phones. If they're struggling with healthy habits, put some real-world events on the calendar. Good options include going to an amusement park, working together on a craft project or signing your kids up for sports. 12 13 A．Plan other forms of entertainment. B．Prepare a dinner together with your children. C．Screen time before bed reduces sleep quality. D．They can also prevent students from connecting with one another. E．So it is wise of parents to stress the importance of parent-child time. F．Also, instead of reading a headline, why not pull out a book to read? G．Phones aren't just for texting the best friend who lives two blocks away. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几种教孩子将手机当成工具而不是玩具的方法。 9．解析：选D　根据上句可知，此处是在介绍手机对学生的不良影响，故D项(它们还会阻止学生之间的联系)承接上文，且选项中的“connecting with one another”与下文的“communication with others”相呼应。 10．解析：选G　根据下句可知，此处是在讲手机可以用来联系别人，故G项(手机不仅仅是用来给住在两个街区之外的最好的朋友发短信的)与下文话题一致，且是递进关系；下句中的“They”指代的是G项中的“Phones”。 11．解析：选F　根据上文可知，此处是在介绍我们要少玩手机，多做别的事情来给孩子做榜样。故F项(此外，与其读手机里的头条新闻，为什么不拿出一本书来读呢？)承接上文，符合语境。 12．解析：选B　根据上句可知，此处是在讲对于许多家庭来说，唯一团聚的时间是一起吃晚饭，故B项(和你的孩子们一起准备一顿晚餐)承接上文，选项中的“dinner”呼应上文中的“breaking bread”。 13．解析：选A　根据文章最后一句并结合本段内容可知，本段主要是在讲督促孩子多去做些别的项目和活动，代替玩手机。故A项(计划其他形式的娱乐)适合作为本段主旨句。 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.zghkt.cn $