专题5 情态动词和虚拟语气（B卷·能力提升）-2026版山东省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》（原卷版+解析版）

编写说明：2026版山东省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的15个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版山东省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第5个专题，内容为情态动词和虚拟语气。 2026版山东省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题5 情态动词和虚拟语气（B卷·能力提升） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择（共20小题；每小题4分，满分 80分） 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。​ 1. —You _________not have told him the news. He looked so upset. A. must B. might C. should D. could 2.If we________more time, we could have finished the project on schedule. A. give B. gave C. had given D. have given 3.The teacher insisted that the homework________handed in by tomorrow. A.Is B. be C. will be D. has been 4. It’s high time we_______action to protect the environment. A. take B. took C. will take D. are taking 5.Without your help, I _______able to solve the problem yesterday. A. wouldn’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wasn’t D. hadn’t been 6.The sign says: “No photos! You _______use your mobile phone here.” A. must B. need C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.He_______be at home now—his car is parked outside. A. can’t B. must C. might D. may not 8.________you mind if I open the window? It’s a bit stuffy in here. A. Would B. Should C. Could D. Must 9.If only I________studied harder for the exam! A. have B. had C. will D. would 10.The doctor suggested that he_______a rest for a few days. A. takes B. took C. take D. taking 11. __________you rather I stayed at home instead of going out tonight? A. Will B. Would C. Should D. Could 12.She_______have attended the meeting, but she forgot about it. A.should B. must C. might D. could 13.________ the doorbell rang, I would have answered it. A. Had B. Should C. Were D. Did 14.If it________rain tomorrow, the sports meeting will be canceled. A. would B. should C. might D. could 15. He______drive fast when he was young, but now he prefers walking. A. used to B. would C. must D. might 16. ________the rainstorm, the crops would have been destroyed. A. But for B. Except for C. In spite of D. Because of 17. You________not smoke in the hospital. It’s against the rules. A. may B. must C. could D. might 18.I’d rather you_______me the truth earlier. A. tell B. told C. had told D. have told 19.They________have left without saying goodbye. That’s so rude! A. must B. should C. can’t D. might 20._________you prefer coffee or tea? A. Would B. Should C. Could D. Must 二、阅读理解（阅读下列短文，短文后面有五个小题，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。未选、错选或多选均不得分。共5小题，每小题2分, 满分10分。） Do you want to do something meaningful? Then vou can join us. We're a non-profit!（非营利的) organization and we're looking for volunteers who can work at weekends. Anyone, from 12 years old children to people in their 70s, can be our volunteers. You can help people in many ways. Schools need volunteers to help parents take care of children while they are working. Hospitals need volunteers to look after children while their parents are seeing a doctor. Animal lovers can help take care of the dogs and cats without homes. There is something tor everyone. "As a volunteer, I don't want to get anything. Seeing the children's happy faces, 1-happy too," said Wang Dawei, an old man of 56. "I often played computer games in my spare time before. Now I help older people learn how to use computers," said Lin Chong, another volunteer at the age of 17. If everyone helps out a bit. We'll have a better world to live in. Are you interested? Call us at 010 - 45678996 or visit our website: www.activol.com. 21. The volunteers need to work_____________. A. at weekends C. on holidays B. on weekdays D. in the afternoon 22. Who can't be a volunteer? A. An 18-year-old boy. C. A woman in her 30s. B. An old man in his 80s. D. A 40-year-old man. 23.________are not mentioned in this passage. A. Schools C. Farmers B. Hospitals D. Animal lovers 24. Lin Chong helps __________learn how to use computers. A. animals B. children C. computers D. older people 40. The passage may be from a _________. A. newspaper B. dictionary C. storybook D. Novel 三、短文填空: 本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year, I (26) ______​ (apply) for a part-time job at a local company. The interviewer asked me about my strengths. I confidently said I (27) ______(manage) any task. But during the internship, I realized I (28) ______(overestimate) my abilities. One day, my supervisor assigned me a report. I (29) ______(rush) through it and made several mistakes. “If you (30) ______ (check) the data carefully,” she said, “you (31) ______(avoid) these errors.” I felt ashamed. Later, I learned that I (32) ______(should follow) her advice earlier. This experience taught me that success (33) ______(require) both confidence and humility. Next time, I (34) ______(definitely)try double-check everything. After all, good intentions (35) ______(need) practical skills. 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 编写说明：2026版山东省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》、省编复习指导及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态，聚焦高频考点，精讲精练，共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的15个专题，助力考生高效复习。同时，为构建完整学习体系，每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题，满足多样化学习需求。 本专题是2026版山东省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第5个专题，内容为情态动词和虚拟语气。 2026版山东省（春季高考）二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》 专题5 情态动词和虚拟语气（B卷·能力提升） 考试时间：20分钟 满分：100分 班级 姓名 学号 成绩 一、单项选择（共20小题；每小题4分，满分 80分） 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。​ 1. —You _________not have told him the news. He looked so upset. A. must B. might C. should D. Could 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词+完成式的用法。“should not have done”表示“本不应该做某事（但实际上做了）”，符合语境“你本不该告诉他这个消息，他看起来很沮丧”。must not have done一般不用这种形式；might/could not have done表示“可能没做”，不符合责备语气。 2.If we ________more time, we could have finished the project on schedule. A. give B. gave C. had given D. have given 答案】C 【解析】考查虚拟语气（与过去事实相反）。主句“could have finished”提示是对过去的假设，从句需用过去完成时“had given”，结构为“If + had done, ... would/could have done”。 3.The teacher insisted that the homework________handed in by tomorrow. A.Is B. be C. will be D. has been 【答案】B 【解析】考查insist后的宾语从句虚拟语气。表示“坚持要求”时，从句用“(should) + 动词原形”，此处省略should，直接用be handed in。 4. It’s high time we_______action to protect the environment. A. take B. took C. will take D. are taking 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定句型“It’s high time (that)...”，从句需用一般过去时表虚拟，意为“该做某事了”，所以用took。 5.Without your help, I _______able to solve the problem yesterday. A. wouldn’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wasn’t D. hadn’t been 【答案】B 【解析】考查without引导的含蓄虚拟语气（与过去事实相反）。主句用“wouldn’t have been able to”，表示“如果没有你的帮助，我昨天就不可能解决这个问题”。 6.The sign says: “No photos! You _______use your mobile phone here.” A. must B. need C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 【答案】C 【解析】考查情态动词否定表禁止。标志语“No photos!”提示禁止拍照，mustn’t表示“不准、严禁”，语气最强，符合语境。 7.He_______be at home now—his car is parked outside. A. can’t B. must C. might D. may not 【答案】B 【解析】考查情态动词表肯定推测。“his car is parked outside”（他的车停在外面）是证据，must表示“一定、肯定”，语气最肯定。 8.________you mind if I open the window? It’s a bit stuffy in here. A. Would B. Should C. Could D. Must 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定句型“Would you mind if...?”，用于礼貌请求，意为“你介意我……吗？”，是固定搭配。 9.If only I________studied harder for the exam! A. have B. had C. will D. Would 【答案】B 【解析】考查if only引导的虚拟语气（与过去事实相反）。“If only + had done”表示“要是当初……就好了”，所以用had studied。 10.The doctor suggested that he_______a rest for a few days. A. takes B. took C. take D. taking 【答案】C 【解析】考查suggest表示“建议”时的宾语从句虚拟语气。从句用“(should) + 动词原形”，此处省略should，直接用take。 11. __________you rather I stayed at home instead of going out tonight? A. Will B. Would C. Should D. Could 【答案】B 【解析】考查固定句型“Would you rather...?”，意为“你宁愿……吗？”，用于询问对方偏好，是固定搭配。 12.She_______have attended the meeting, but she forgot about it. A.should B. must C. might D. could 【答案】A 【解析】考查should have done的用法。“should have attended”表示“本应该参加会议（但实际没参加）”，符合“她忘了”的语境。 13.________ the doorbell rang, I would have answered it. A. Had B. Should C. Were D. Did 【答案】A 【解析】考查省略if的倒装虚拟条件句（与过去事实相反）。原句为“If the doorbell had rung, I would have answered it.”，省略if后，将had提前，形成“Had the doorbell rung...”。 14.If it________rain tomorrow, the sports meeting will be canceled. A. would B. should C. might D. Could 【答案】B 【解析】考查if条件句的虚拟语气（对将来的假设）。主句“will be canceled”是一般将来时，从句用“should + 动词原形”表示可能性较小的假设，意为“万一明天下雨”。 15. He______drive fast when he was young, but now he prefers walking. A. used to B. would C. must D. Might 【答案】A 【解析】考查used to do的用法。“used to drive fast”表示“过去常常开快车（但现在不了）”，符合“but now he prefers walking”（但现在更喜欢走路）的对比语境。 16. ________the rainstorm, the crops would have been destroyed. A. But for B. Except for C. In spite of D. Because of 【答案】A 【解析】考查介词短语表含蓄虚拟语气。“But for the rainstorm”（要不是这场暴风雨）相当于“If it hadn’t been for the rainstorm”，表示对过去的假设，主句用“would have been destroyed”。 17. You________not smoke in the hospital. It’s against the rules. A. may B. must C. could D. might 【答案】B 【解析】考查must表禁止。医院规定“禁止吸烟”，must not表示“必须不、不准”，语气强，符合“against the rules”（违反规定）的语境。 18.I’d rather you_______me the truth earlier. A. tell B. told C. had told D. have told 【答案】C 【解析】考查would rather后接从句的虚拟语气。“I’d rather you had told me the truth earlier”表示“我宁愿你早点告诉我真相（但实际没早说）”，与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。 19.They________have left without saying goodbye. That’s so rude! A. must B. should C. can’t D. might 【答案】A 【解析】考查must have done表肯定推测。“They must have left without saying goodbye”表示“他们一定没说再见就走了”，符合“That’s so rude!”（太无礼了）的肯定判断。 20._________you prefer coffee or tea? A. Would B. Should C. Could D. Must 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定句型“Would you prefer...?”，用于礼貌询问对方选择，意为“你更喜欢咖啡还是茶？”，是固定搭配。 二、阅读理解（阅读下列短文，短文后面有五个小题，从每小题所给的四个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。未选、错选或多选均不得分。共5小题，每小题2分, 满分10分。） Do you want to do something meaningful? Then vou can join us. We're a non-profit!（非营利的) organization and we're looking for volunteers who can work at weekends. Anyone, from 12 years old children to people in their 70s, can be our volunteers. You can help people in many ways. Schools need volunteers to help parents take care of children while they are working. Hospitals need volunteers to look after children while their parents are seeing a doctor. Animal lovers can help take care of the dogs and cats without homes. There is something tor everyone. "As a volunteer, I don't want to get anything. Seeing the children's happy faces, 1-happy too," said Wang Dawei, an old man of 56. "I often played computer games in my spare time before. Now I help older people learn how to use computers," said Lin Chong, another volunteer at the age of 17. If everyone helps out a bit. We'll have a better world to live in. Are you interested? Call us at 010 - 45678996 or visit our website: www.activol.com. 21. The volunteers need to work_____________. A. at weekends C. on holidays B. on weekdays D. in the afternoon 22. Who can't be a volunteer? A. An 18-year-old boy. C. A woman in her 30s. B. An old man in his 80s. D. A 40-year-old man. 23.________are not mentioned in this passage. A. Schools C. Farmers B. Hospitals D. Animal lovers 24. Lin Chong helps __________learn how to use computers. A. animals B. children C. computers D. older people 40. The passage may be from a _________. A. newspaper B. dictionary C. storybook D. Novel 【答案】21.A 22.B 23.C 24.D 25.A 【导语】 本文是一则招募志愿者的广告，介绍了志愿者工作的非营利性质、年龄要求、服务领域及志愿者的真实感受，旨在号召更多人参与志愿服务，共建美好社会。 【解析】 21.细节理解——工作时间 原文：“we're looking for volunteers who can work at weekends.” 明确指出志愿者需在周末工作，故选 A。 22.细节理解——年龄限制​原文：“Anyone, from 12 years old children to people in their 70s, can be our volunteers.” 年龄上限是70多岁，80岁老人不在范围内，故选 B。 23.细节理解——未提及的服务对象​文中提到的服务对象有：Schools（学校）、Hospitals（医院）、Animal lovers（动物爱好者），未提及 Farmers（农民），故选 C。 24.细节理解——人物行为对象 原文林冲的话：“Now I help older people learn how to use computers.” 明确帮助对象是 older people，故选 D。 25.文章出处判断 本文为志愿者招募广告，内容面向社会大众，语言简洁实用，最可能出现在 newspaper（报纸）的广告或公告栏中，故选 A。 三、短文填空: 本题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分。阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Last year, I (26) ______​ (apply) for a part-time job at a local company. The interviewer asked me about my strengths. I confidently said I (27) ______(manage) any task. But during the internship, I realized I (28) ______(overestimate) my abilities. One day, my supervisor assigned me a report. I (29) ______(rush) through it and made several mistakes. “If you (30) ______ (check) the data carefully,” she said, “you (31) ______(avoid) these errors.” I felt ashamed. Later, I learned that I (32) ______(should follow) her advice earlier. This experience taught me that success (33) ______(require) both confidence and humility. Next time, I (34) ______(definitely )try double-check everything. After all, good intentions (35) ______(need) practical skills. 【参考答案与解析】： 26.applied — 一般过去时 — 时间状语“Last year”（去年）明确表示过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，apply的过去式为applied。 27.could manage — 情态动词过去式 — 主句“I confidently said”（我自信地说）是一般过去时，从句表示过去的能力，用情态动词过去式could加动词原形manage。 28.had overestimated — 过去完成时 — “during the internship”（实习期间）发生在“realized”（意识到）之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时“had + 过去分词”，overestimate的过去分词是overestimated。 29.rushed — 一般过去时 — “One day”（有一天）表示过去的具体时间点，用一般过去时，rush的过去式为rushed。 30.had checked — 过去完成时 — 虚拟语气条件句（与过去事实相反），主句“you would have avoided these errors”（你本来可以避免这些错误）提示从句用过去完成时“had + 过去分词”，check的过去分词是checked。 31.would have avoided — 虚拟语气（与过去事实相反） — 结构为“If + had done, ... would have done”，表示对过去未做之事的假设结果。 32.should have followed — 情态动词+完成式 — “learned”（后来得知）后接虚拟语气，表示“本应该听从建议却没听”，用“should have + 过去分词”，follow的过去分词是followed。 33.requires — 一般现在时 — “success requires both confidence and humility”（成功需要自信和谦逊）是客观真理，用一般现在时，主语success是不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数requires。 34.will definitely try — 一般将来时 — “Next time”（下次）表示将来的时间，用一般将来时“will + 动词原形”，“definitely”（肯定地）是副词修饰try。 35.need — 一般现在时 — “good intentions need practical skills”（好的意愿需要实际技能）是客观事实，用一般现在时，主语intentions是复数，谓语动词用原形need。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $