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编写说明:2026版江西省(对口招生)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》依据最新版《中等职业学校英语课程标准》及历年真题编写。本资料紧扣历年考试趋势和最新考试动态,聚焦高频考点,精讲精练,共覆盖包括各类语法和题型的17个专题,助力考生高效复习。同时,为构建完整学习体系,每个专题均配套对应讲义和AB卷习题,满足多样化学习需求。
本专题是2026版江西省(对口招生)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》的第7个专题,内容为时态和语态及主谓一致。
2026版江西省(对口招生)二轮复习《英语考纲专题练》
专题7 时态和语态及主谓一致(讲义)
考题探究
考查内容
1.动词时态:一般现在时(表习惯、真理)、一般过去时(表过去动作)、一般将来时(will/be going to)、现在完成时(have/has done)、现在进行时(be doing)、过去进行时(was/were doing)。
2.动词语态:被动语态的基本结构(be + done),不同时态的被动语态(一般现在时被动、一般过去时被动、情态动词被动)。
3.主谓一致:语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
4.There be句型:be动词的单复数与就近原则。
考试题型
单项选择和完形填空
考点预测
· 时态标志词:yesterday, last week(一般过去时);tomorrow, next week(一般将来时);for+时间段,since+时间点(现在完成时);now, listen, look(现在进行时)
· “主将从现”原则:在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句用将来时,从句用一般现在时
· 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:强调影响 vs. 强调过去时间
· 被动语态在不同时态中的形式:am/is/are done, was/were done, will be done, have/has been done
· 主谓一致的三个原则:语法一致、意义一致、就近原则
必考点清单
1、 动词时态
时态名称
结构
核心用法
时间标志词
例句
一般现在时
do/does
习惯性动作、客观真理、目前状态
often, usually, always, every day, sometimes
He gets up at 6 every morning. / The earth goes around the sun.
一般过去时
did
过去发生的动作或状态
yesterday, last week, ago, in 2020, just now
I visited the museum yesterday.
一般将来时
will do / be going to do
将来发生的动作或状态
tomorrow, next week, in the future, soon
She will come back tomorrow. / It is going to rain.
现在进行时
am/is/are + doing
现在正在进行的动作
now, at the moment, Listen!, Look!
Listen! Someone is singing in the classroom.
过去进行时
was/were + doing
过去某一时刻正在进行的动作
at that time, at 8 yesterday, when I came in
I was doing my homework when my mother came back.
现在完成时
have/has + done
①过去动作对现在有影响;②过去动作持续到现在
already, yet, ever, never, just, for+时间段, since+时间点
I have finished my homework. / He has lived here for ten years.
过去完成时
had + done
过去的过去
by the end of last year, before I came here
By the time I got there, the train had left.
特别提示——时态呼应原则(主将从现):
在由if, when, as soon as, until, unless等引导的条件状语从句或时间状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时表示将来。
If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.
When he comes back, I will tell him the news.
二、动词语态
1.主动语态与被动语态
主动语态:主语是动作的执行者(The cat ate the fish.)
被动语态:主语是动作的承受者(The fish was eaten by the cat.)
2.被动语态的基本结构:be + 及物动词的过去分词
时态
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
do/does
am/is/are + done
一般过去时
did
was/were + done
一般将来时
will do
will be + done
现在完成时
have/has done
have/has been + done
情态动词
can/may/must do
can/may/must be + done
3.被动语态要点
不知道动作执行者或不必提及执行者时用被动:My bike was stolen last night.
强调动作承受者时用被动:A new hospital will be built in our town.
双宾语动词(give, send, show等)变被动时,可将间接宾语或直接宾语变为主语:
He gave me a book. → I was given a book. / A book was given to me.
4. 主动形式表示被动意义的情况
系动词(look, sound, feel, taste, smell)+ 形容词:The cake tastes delicious.
某些动词(sell, write, wash, open, lock)与well, easily等副词连用:This kind of book sells well.
三、主谓一致
1. 语法一致原则
主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致:主语是单数,谓语用单数;主语是复数,谓语用复数。
情况
例句
单数主语
The boy is playing football.
复数主语
The boys are playing football.
不定代词(everyone, someone, anybody, nothing等)
Everyone likes the movie.
either/neither of + 复数名词
Neither of them knows the answer.
动名词/不定式作主语
Reading is important. / To see is to believe.
2. 意义一致原则
主语形式为单数但意义为复数,或形式为复数但意义为单数时,谓语根据意义决定。
情况
例句
集体名词(family, class, team, group)——强调整体用单数,强调成员用复数
My family is a big one. / My family are watching TV.
金钱、距离、时间、重量等度量衡作主语——视为整体,谓语用单数
Ten years is a long time. / 100 yuan is enough.
以-s结尾的学科名词(maths, physics, politics)——谓语用单数
Maths is difficult for some students.
复数形式的专有名词(the United States, the United Nations)——谓语用单数
The United States is a developed country.
3. 就近一致原则
谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
情况
例句
There be句型
There is a pen and two books on the desk.
Here be句型
Here are some apples and a banana.
or / either...or / neither...nor / not only...but also
Neither you nor I am wrong. / Not only the students but also the teacher likes the film.
10分钟小测
1.My mother ______ a new dress for me yesterday.
A. buys B. bought C. will buy D. has bought
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般过去时。句意:我妈妈昨天给我买了一条新裙子。时间状语yesterday表示过去时间,谓语动词用一般过去时,buy的过去式为bought。故选B。
2.Listen! Someone ______ for help in the river.
A. cries B. cried C. is crying D. has cried
【答案】C
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意:听!有人在河里喊救命。Listen! 是现在进行时的标志词,表示动作正在发生,用is crying。故选C。
3.If it ______ tomorrow, we will stay at home.
A. rain B. rains C. will rain D. rained
【答案】B
【解析】考查“主将从现”原则。句意:如果明天下雨,我们就待在家里。if引导的条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时,从句用一般现在时表示将来。主语it是第三人称单数,故用rains。故选B。
4.I ______ this book for two weeks. I must return it today.
A. have borrowed B. have kept C. borrowed D. keep
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与延续性动词。句意:这本书我已经借了两周了。今天必须还。for two weeks是时间段,谓语动词必须用延续性动词。borrow是瞬间动词,不能与时间段连用,keep是延续性动词,表示“保存,持有”。故选B。
5.A new hospital ______ in our town next year.
A. builds B. is built C. will build D. will be built
【答案】D
【解析】考查一般将来时的被动语态。句意:明年我们镇将建一所新医院。主语A new hospital是动作的承受者,用被动语态;next year是一般将来时的时间标志,故用will be built。故选D。
6.Neither Tom nor I ______ interested in playing basketball.
A. am B. is C. are D. be
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致的就近原则。句意:汤姆和我都对打篮球不感兴趣。neither...nor...连接并列主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。最近的主语是I,be动词用am。故选A。
7.She ______ to the library. She will be back in an hour.
A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes
【答案】A
【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:她去图书馆了。一小时后回来。has gone to表示“去了某地(未回来)”,符合“will be back”的语境。has been to表示“去过某地(已回来)”。故选A。
8.The classroom ______ every day by the students on duty.
A. cleans B. is cleaned C. cleaned D. was cleaned
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:教室每天由值日生打扫。every day是一般现在时的标志,主语The classroom是动作的承受者,用被动语态is cleaned。故选B。
9.By the time I got to the station, the train ______.
A. left B. has left C. had left D. was leaving
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:当我到达车站时,火车已经开走了。“到达车站”是过去动作(got),“火车离开”发生在“到达”之前,即“过去的过去”,用过去完成时had left。故选C。
10.There ______ a book, two pens and some paper on the desk.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
【答案】A
【解析】考查There be句型的就近原则。句意:桌子上有一本书、两支笔和一些纸。There be句型中,be动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。最近的主语a book是单数,故用is。故选A。
11.He usually ______ up at 6:30 in the morning, but today he got up late.
A. get B. gets C. got D. will get
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般现在时。句意:他通常早上6:30起床,但今天起晚了。usually是频率副词,表示习惯性动作,用一般现在时。主语He是第三人称单数,故用gets。故选B。
12.Don't make so much noise. The baby ______.
A. sleeps B. is sleeping C. slept D. has slept
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意:不要这么吵。婴儿正在睡觉。根据“Don't make so much noise”可知婴儿正在睡觉,用现在进行时is sleeping。故选B。
13.I ______ my homework when my mother came back home.
A. do B. did C. was doing D. am doing
【答案】C
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意:我妈妈回家时,我正在做作业。when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时(came back),主句表示过去某个时刻正在发生的动作,用过去进行时was doing。故选C。
14.She ______ Shanghai for three years. She misses her hometown very much.
A. has left B. has been away from C. left D. will leave
【答案】B
【解析】考查现在完成时与延续性动词。句意:她离开上海三年了。非常想念家乡。for three years是时间段,谓语动词必须用延续性动词。leave是瞬间动词,不能与时间段连用;has been away from表示“离开”的状态,可与时间段连用。故选B。
15.The Great Wall ______ by thousands of tourists every year.
A. visit B. visited C. is visited D. was visited
【答案】C
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意:长城每年被成千上万的游客参观。every year是一般现在时的标志,主语The Great Wall是动作的承受者,用被动语态is visited。故选C。
16.Either you or he ______ to clean the classroom today.
A. have B. has C. are D. is
【答案】B
【解析】考查主谓一致的就近原则。句意:今天要么你要么他打扫教室。either...or...连接并列主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。最近的主语he是第三人称单数,have to的第三人称单数形式为has to。故选B。
17.When I came in, I saw that the old man ______ on the floor.
A. lay B. was lying C. lied D. was laying
【答案】B
【解析】考查过去进行时。句意:我进来时,看见那位老人正躺在地上。saw that后接宾语从句,表示看见时正在发生的动作,用过去进行时was lying。lie(躺)的现在分词是lying。故选B。
18.The 2022 Winter Olympics ______ in Beijing successfully.
A. held B. was held C. were held D. holds
【答案】B
【解析】考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意:2022年冬奥会在北京成功举办。主语The 2022 Winter Olympics是动作的承受者,用被动语态;冬奥会是单数概念,用was held。故选B。
19.Five years ______ a long time for the lovers who are far apart.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
【答案】A
【解析】考查主谓一致的意义一致原则。句意:对于相隔两地的恋人来说,五年是一段很长的时间。表示时间、金钱、距离等的复数名词作主语时,通常视为一个整体,谓语用单数。故用is。故选A。
20.By the end of last month, they ______ over 1000 cars.
A. produce B. produced C. have produced D. had produced
【答案】D
【解析】考查过去完成时。句意:到上个月底为止,他们已经生产了1000多辆汽车。“by the end of + 过去时间”是过去完成时的标志,表示“到过去某时为止已经完成的动作”,用had produced。故选D。
经典试题解析
1.(25-26高三上·江西赣州·期中)Not only my sister but also my brothers ________ fond of playing computer games.
A.be B.is C.are D.Am
【答案】C
【知识点分析】考查主谓一致的就近原则。not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致。本题中最近的主语是my brothers(复数),故用are。
【易错分析】易误选B(is),误以为谓语动词应与my sister保持一致,忽略了就近原则;误选D(am),未注意主语不是I。
【命题创新点】通过家庭成员的爱好场景,考查not only...but also...这一高频结构的主谓一致规则。
【解题关键】看到not only...but also...,立即判断最近的主语单复数,确定谓语形式。
2.(25-26高二上·江西赣州·期中)The number of students in our school ________ increasing, while a number of teachers ________ satisfied with the working environment.
A.is; is B.are; are C.is; are D.are; is
【答案】C
【知识点分析】考查主谓一致中the number of与a number of的区别。the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时谓语用单数;a number of意为“许多”,作主语时谓语用复数。
【易错分析】易误选B或D,混淆了the number of与a number of的单复数要求;误选A,将a number of误判为单数。
【命题创新点】通过学校学生数量和教师满意度的对比,考查两组易混短语的用法,贴近校园生活。
【解题关键】记住the number of + 复数名词 → 谓语单数;a number of + 复数名词 → 谓语复数。
3.(25-26高二上·江西赣州·期中)The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them ______ absent for different reasons.
A.were, was B.was, was C.was, were D.were, were
【答案】C
【知识点分析】考查主谓一致中the number of与a number of的区别及时态。the number of意为“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of意为“许多”,谓语用复数。描述客观事实用一般现在时,但此处“invited”表示过去情况,结合语境用was/were。
【易错分析】易误选D,误以为the number of后接复数名词谓语也应用复数;误选B,将a number of误判为单数。
【命题创新点】通过邀请人数及缺席情况的描述,综合考查主谓一致和时态判断能力。
【解题关键】区分the number of(单数)和a number of(复数),并注意语境时态。
4.(24-25高一下·江西·期末)There ________ some orange juice and two apples left in the box now.
A.are B.is C.was D.Were
【答案】B
【知识点分析】考查There be句型的就近原则和时态。There be句型中be动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。最近的主语some orange juice(不可数名词)为单数概念;now提示用一般现在时,故用is。
【易错分析】易误选A(are),误认为谓语应与two apples保持一致,忽略了就近原则中最近主语是orange juice。
【命题创新点】通过描述盒内剩余物品的生活场景,考查There be句型的就近原则和时态判断。
【解题关键】在There be句型中,紧挨着be动词的名词决定谓语单复数。
5.(24-25高三下·江西·对口/高职单招)There ________ some milk and two apples on the table.
A.is B.are C.have D.Has
【答案】A
【知识点分析】考查There be句型的就近原则。There be句型中be动词的单复数与最近的主语保持一致。最近的主语some milk(不可数名词)为单数,故用is。
【易错分析】易误选B(are),误认为谓语应与two apples保持一致,忽略了就近原则;误选C或D,混淆there be与have/has的用法。
【命题创新点】通过餐桌物品摆放的日常场景,考查there be句型的基础用法,对口升学高频考点。
【解题关键】在There be句型中,只看紧挨be动词的名词单复数。
6.(24-25高三下·江西·三模)In some cultures blowing your nose in public ______ impolite.
A.considers B.considered C.is considered D.are considered
【答案】C
【知识点分析】考查动名词短语作主语的主谓一致和被动语态。动名词短语blowing your nose in public作主语,视为单数,谓语用单数;主语与consider之间是被动关系(被认为),故用is considered。
【易错分析】易误选A或B,未考虑被动语态;误选D,未注意动名词短语作主语是单数概念。
【命题创新点】结合文化差异的场景(公共场合擤鼻涕),考查动名词作主语和被动语态的综合运用。
【解题关键】动名词短语作主语,谓语用单数;结合语境判断主被动关系。
7.(24-25高三下·江西宜春·三模)The number of students in this class ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent from the class yesterday.
A.is; was B.are; was C.is; were D.are; were
【答案】C
【知识点分析】考查主谓一致中the number of与a number of的区别及时态。the number of意为“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of意为“许多”,谓语用复数。第一空描述客观事实用is;第二空yesterday提示一般过去时,用were。
【易错分析】易误选D,将the number of误判为复数;误选B或A,未注意第二空的时态。
【命题创新点】通过班级学生人数和出勤情况的描述,综合考查主谓一致和时态判断。
【解题关键】牢记the number of(单数)与a number of(复数)的用法区别,并注意时间状语提示的时态。
8.(23-24高三上·江西·期末)— This pair of trousers ________ really big for me.
— Why not try another ________?
A. is; pair B.are; pair C.is; one D.are; one
【答案】A
【知识点分析】考查“a pair of + 复数名词”作主语的主谓一致和名词替代。a pair of作主语时,谓语动词与pair保持一致(单数),故用is;第二空another pair意为“另一条”,用pair替代trousers。
【易错分析】易误选B或D,误以为谓语应与trousers保持一致;误选C,用one替代trousers,但trousers是复数名词,需用pair来计量。
【命题创新点】通过购物试衣的日常对话,考查a pair of结构的主谓一致和名词替代用法。
【解题关键】“a pair of + 复数名词”作主语,谓语用单数;指代成对物品时用pair。
9.(24-25高一上·江西赣州·期末)Not only Kim but also his boys ________ good at cooking. They always cook delicious food.
A.is B.are C.was D.Were
【答案】B
【知识点分析】考查主谓一致的就近原则和时态。not only...but also...连接并列主语时,谓语与最近的主语保持一致。最近的主语his boys是复数,故用are;后句They always cook提示一般现在时。
【易错分析】易误选A(is),误以为谓语应与Kim保持一致;误选C或D,未根据后句时态选择正确时态。
【命题创新点】通过家庭成员烹饪能力的描述,考查not only...but also...结构的主谓一致规则。
【解题关键】看到not only...but also...,判断最近主语单复数,确定谓语形式。
10.(22-23高二下·江西抚州·期末)— ________ are crazy about travelling.
— Exactly. The photos about their trips are often seen on their WeChat moments.
A.Tom as well as the twins B.Neither the twins nor Tom
C.Not only Tom but also the twins D.Either the twins or Tom
【答案】C
【知识点分析】考查主谓一致和语境理解。根据答语“The photos about their trips are often seen on their WeChat moments”可知汤姆和双胞胎都喜欢旅行,且谓语are提示主语应为复数概念。not only...but also...连接主语时,谓语与最近主语一致,最近主语the twins为复数,符合are。
【易错分析】易误选A(Tom as well as the twins),该结构遵循“就远原则”,谓语应与Tom一致,应用is,与are矛盾;误选B或D,neither...nor...和either...or...也遵循就近原则,但both...and...(未出现)和not only...but also...表示两者都,符合语境。
【命题创新点】结合微信朋友圈分享旅行照片的生活场景,综合考查主谓一致和并列连词的选择。
【解题关键】根据谓语are判断主语应为复数概念,再结合语境选择表示“两者都”的连词。
专题归纳小结
一、动词时态的核心考点
一般现在时:习惯、真理、状态;主将从现中从句用一般现在时。
一般过去时:过去发生的动作;标志词yesterday, last week, ago。
一般将来时:will do(临时决定/客观将来);be going to do(计划/迹象)。
现在进行时:此刻正在发生;标志词now, listen, look。
过去进行时:过去某时刻正在发生;常与when/while连用。
现在完成时:过去对现在的影响或持续到现在;标志词already, yet, for, since。
过去完成时:过去的过去;标志词by the end of last year, before过去时间。
二、动词语态的核心考点
被动语态结构:be + 过去分词
各种时态的被动语态:
一般现在时被动:am/is/are + done
一般过去时被动:was/were + done
一般将来时被动:will be + done
现在完成时被动:have/has been + done
情态动词被动:can/must/may + be + done
三、主谓一致的核心考点
语法一致:单数主语用单数谓语,复数主语用复数谓语。
意义一致:集体名词、时间金钱距离作主语、学科名词的特殊处理。
就近原则:there be, here be, or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also。
四、解题三步法
找时间标志词:判断动作发生的时间(yesterday→过去时,tomorrow→将来时)。
判断主被动关系:主语是执行者还是承受者?
检查主谓一致:主语单复数与谓语形式是否匹配?
五、专题复习要求
(1)规则强化:背诵各时态的结构公式和标志词,区分一般过去时与现在完成时的用法。
(2)真题训练:针对江西对口升学考试,每天完成10道时态语态专项题,总结错题规律。
(3)易错整理:重点关注“主将从现”、延续性动词与瞬间动词的转换、就近原则的应用。
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