内容正文:
Unit9 Preparing for the First Job
语法:非谓语动词
基础模块三-语文出版社
目录
定义
01
分类
02
用法
03
典例剖析
04
巩固练习
05
定义
01
定义
非谓语动词是指不能单独作谓语,但保留动词某些特征的动词形式。它们没有人称和数的变化,在句中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等句子成分。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词、动名词。
分类
02
分类
一,动词不定式的用法
二,v.-ing的用法
三,过去分词的用法
用法
03
用法1:动词不定式的用法
词不定式:to do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。
否定式:not to do
(1)一般式(to do):动词不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生,或发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
I'm glad to meet you today.今天很高兴见到你。
It's very kind of you to help me with my English.
帮助我学英语你太好了。
用法1:动词不定式的用法
(2)进行式(to be doing):不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时进行。
The little boy pretended to be studying hard.
小男孩假装正在努力学习。
I pretended to be sleeping.
我假装正在睡觉。
用法1:动词不定式的用法
(3)完成式(to have done):不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
I happened to have seen the film.
我碰巧看过这部电影。
He pretended to have finished the work.
他假装已经完成工作了。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
现在分词和动名词一般由动词原形加-ing构成(特殊除外),可以有其自己的逻辑主语、宾语、状语,构成v.ing形式短语。v-ing形式及其短语可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语和状语。否定式是not doing。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
(1)作主语
Learning is difficult but interesting.
学习很难但很有趣。
Having a good sleep is very helpful.
良好的睡眠很有帮助。
Waving one's hand is to say "Hi”or “Goodbye”.
挥手表示“你好”或“再见”。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
(2)作宾语
①作及物动词的宾语
I like playing basketball.
我喜欢打篮球。
Take nodding the head for example.
以“点头”为例。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
|注意|有些动词后,只可接v.-ing 形式作宾语,如 avoid、appreciate、admit、consider、delaydislike、enjoyescape、excuse、can't help、finish、forgive、imagine、keep、mind、prevent、practice等。
All of us enjoy listening to music.我们都喜欢听音乐。
Would you mind my opening the window?
你介意我打开窗户吗?
We should practice speaking English every day.
我们应该每天都练习说英语。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
还有一些短语动词,如 feel like、give up、put off、be fond of、be interested in、look forward to等,后可接v.-ing形式。
He is fond of running.
他喜欢跑步。
I don't feel like going to work today.
今天我不想去上班。
I am looking forward to seeing you soon.
我盼望着快点见到你。
Don't give up learning English.不要放弃学英语。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
②作介词宾语
He made a living by writing.
他靠写作谋生。
She entered the room without knocking at the door.
没有敲门她就进到房间了。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
(3)作表语
His favorite sport is playing football.
他最喜欢的运动是踢足球。
The story is very moving.
这个故事非常感人。
The news is surprising.这个故事太让人惊讶了。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
(4)作定语
v.ing形式以单词形式作定语时,置于所修饰的名词之前;以短语形式作定语时,置于所修饰的名词之后。
This reminds me of Italy, when it was still a developing country.
这使我想起意大利,那时它还是个发展中国家。
There are four reading rooms in our school.我们学校有四个阅览室。
The man coming to dinner this evening is a friend of my father's.
今天晚上来赴宴的那位先生是我父亲的朋友。
The students playing football on the playground are from Class Two.在操场上踢足球的学生来自二班。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
(5)作宾语补足语
ving形式及其短语作宾语补足语表示宾语进行的动作,具有“主动”和“进行”的含义。
His son felt unhappy when he saw his classmates wearing brand clothes.
他的儿子看到同学穿名牌服装的时候就感到不快。
Sometimes at night Bill woke and found Joe sitting up in bed, crying.
比尔晚上有时醒来,会发现乔正坐在床上哭泣。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
(6)作状语
v.ing 形式及其短语可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随、结果等状语,具有“主动”和“进行”的含义,表示其动作与句子的谓语动作是同时进行的。
Try to tell your classmates a story using those phrases you have learned.
尽量用学过的那些短语给你的同学讲故事。
He wandered the street, trying to find a way to make some money.
他在街上游荡,琢磨着怎么挣钱。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
注意|①v.-ing形式的否定形式是:not+v.ing.
Not receiving his letter,she felt very sad.
没有收到他的信,她很伤心。
Not knowing what to do next, the man was confused.
不知道接下来做什么,这个男人感到很困惑。
用法2:v.-ing的用法
②如果v.-ing形式表示的动作出现在句子的谓语动作之前,则用v.ing形式的完成式"having done"。
Having finished their work, they had a rest.
工作完成之后,他们休息了一下。
Having seen the film, I went to sleep.看完电影后,我去睡觉了。
引导状语从句的关联词,如if、when等,可以直接用于v.-ing形式之前作状语。
If being able to speak another language, one will be qualified for many jobs today.
如果一个人能说另一种语言,在当今就会有很多工作机会。
When traveling in foreign countries, you can learn a lot of local customs.
在国外旅行时,你可以了解许多当地的风俗。
用法3:过去分词的用法
过去分词只有两种形式:规则动词的过去分词由动词原形加-ed构成;不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求,要逐个记忆。
(1)过去分词作定语
Your spoken English is quite good, but your written English is poor.
你的英语口语相当好,但是你的书面英语不行。
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
地上有很多落叶。
The house built many years ago looks still beautiful.
许多年前建的这座房子看起来仍然很漂亮。
用法3:过去分词的用法
注意|过去分词以单词形式作定语时,置于所修饰的名词之前;以短语形式作定语时,置于所修饰的名词之后。
Our country will be a developed country in the near future.
在不久的将来我们的国家将成为一个发达国家。
There was an injured lion in the forest.
森林里有一只受伤的狮子。
The passage written by him is very interesting.他写的这篇文章很有趣.
There are a number of products made in China around the world.
全世界有许多中国制造的产品。
用法3:过去分词的用法
(2)过去分词作表语
The window is broken.
窗户破了。
I felt very excited after seeing the film.
看完电影后我很兴奋。
用法3:过去分词的用法
(3)过去分词作宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times yesterday.
昨天我听见这首歌被唱了好几次了。
I found the room cleaned when I came back.
当我回来的时候,我发现房间已经被打扫过了。
用法3:过去分词的用法
(4)过去分词作状语
Praised by the neighbors, Lucy became the pride of her parents.
受到邻居们的表扬,露西成为父母的骄傲。
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks very beautiful.
从山顶看城市,城市显得非常漂亮。
典例剖析
04
典例剖析
( )1.It's no good _.You'd better leave.
A. waits
B. waited
C. waiting
D. to wait
解析--句意:“等是没有用的。你最好离开。”It's no good doing..做……是没有用的,固定句型。
|答案IC
典例剖析
( )2.He arrived early tell us go there.
A. in order to; don't
B. in order that; not to
C. so as to; to not
D. so as to; not to
|解析|句意:“他起得很早,为的是告诉我们不要去那里。”so as to do sth.为了做某事,tell sb. not to do sth.告诉某人不要做某事。in order to do sth.为了做菜事,in order that引导目的状语从句。
答案:D
巩固练习
05
巩固练习
( )1.The letter by him hasn't been posted yet.
A. written
B. write
C. to write min ha
D. writing
|解析|句意:“他写的这封信还没有寄出去。”the letter和动词write之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词形式,此处的过去分词短语 written by him作定语修饰前面的the letter。
答案:A
巩固练习
( )2. his address, I couldn't get in touch with him.
A. Not know B. Having not know
C. Not knowing D. Knowing not
|解析| 句意:“不知道他的地址,我联系不上他。”v.-ing形式作原因状语,其否定形式是not+v.-ing形式。
答案:C
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