Unit 1 Helping those in need Grammar 课件 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

Unit 1 Helping those in need Key question Why is it important to help others? 主题范畴：人与社会 主题群：社会服务与人际沟通 子主题：良好的人际关系与人际 交往；志愿服务与公共 服务 know the usage of infinitives (不定式). learn to use infinitives as object, object complement and adverbial of purpose. use infinitives to accurately express information. Learning objectives 学习目标 After learning, I will be able to: Lead-in Review the text and find the infinitives in it. Dong Lili 39 minutes ago I saw a notice for voluntary work at the children's hospital, so my best friend and I offered to help. The children there all suffer from serious diseases like cancer. Some of them were very sad. We wanted to cheer them up with some fun activities. For example, we organized a painting competition to raise their spirits. I met a girl called Jin Ya. She wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. However, she could not go there herself, so I went to the park and took some photos. Jin Ya used them for her painting. Wang Jie yesterday My mother and I met some children with no parents. The children were quiet and unhappy. We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life. This helps them express their feelings. One child said, "My friends don't understand my pain. Sometimes I feel like I don't belong anywhere." We spent time with a girl called Liu Yun. Her parents died in a car accident, so she is very lonely. She is really unhappy and needs someone to talk to. My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time. Ding Ling 3 days ago I volunteered to help disabled children. Some of them have difficulty moving around and taking part in social activities. I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy. I met a boy called Su Le. He lost his leg in an accident two months ago. Football is his favourite sport, and he was in low spirits because he could not play it any more. We can help children like Su Le feel more positive after an accident. I will continue to do voluntary work in the future. The infinitive is the basic form of a verb. Some verbs can be followed by to + infinitive or object + (to) + infinitive. 不定式是动词的基本形式。有些动词后面可以跟to +不定式或宾语+ (to) +不定式。 While-learning Grammar Infinitives P9 Jin Ya wanted to paint a picture of the park near her home. We encouraged them to tell stories from their own life. My mother and I will continue to visit Liu Yun in our spare time. Read the sentences below. Pay attention to the words in bold. P9 We often use to + infinitive after these verbs: want, continue, offer, plan, etc. We often use object + to + infinitive after these verbs: encourage, tell, ask, etc. Let’s sum up the rules! 我们经常在这些动词后面使用to +不定式：want， continue, offer, plan等。 我们经常在这些动词后使用宾语+ to +不定式：encourage, tell, ask等。 P9 Look! After certain verbs, such as see, hear, help, make and let, we usually use infinitives without to. He saw a volunteer help an elderly lady. She heard the singer perform for the children in the next room. The students helped the woman (to) find her bag. 在see、hear、help、make和let等某些动词之后，我们通常使用不带to的不定式。 P9 ① My sister wants to be a teacher. ② We should learn to deal with these problems. ③ Tina has decided to sell her car. ④ He tried not to be late for the meeting. A 动词不定式作宾语 动词不定式可以跟在一些动词之后，作这些动词的_____，结构为__________________。 他争取开会不迟到。 我的妹妹想当一名教师。 我们应该学会处理这些问题。 蒂娜已经决定了要卖掉她的车。 动词不定式的否定形式为“not to +动词原形” 宾语 verbs + to + infinitives Let's learn more! 注意：动词不定式在句中不作谓语，因此没有人称和数的变化。 Top Tip We can also use question words + to + infinitives after decide, know, learn and remember. We often use to + infinitives after these verbs: choose hope offer want decide learn plan wish For example ① Do you know how to help disabled children? 你知道如何帮助残疾儿童吗? 我已经学会了如何做蛋糕。 ② I’ve learnt how to make cakes. 她决定不了去哪里。 ③ She can’t decide where to go. Complete the sentence for each situation. 1. They decided __________________. 2. She agreed __________________. 3. He offered __________________. 4. They arranged __________________. to get married to help him to carry her bag to meet at 8 o’clock Practice ① Annie taught Tim to sing beautiful songs. ② We want them to be happy. ③ Mr Han told us not to make too much noise. B 动词不定式作宾语补足语 动词不定式可以作___________，用来补充说明宾语，表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等。 结构为：“___________________________”。 安妮教蒂姆唱优美的歌曲。 我们希望他们快乐。 韩先生告诉我们不要太吵。 宾语补足语 verbs + objects + to + infinitives 常带不定式作宾补的动词有：warn, tell, allow, ask, order, get, invite, wish, want, encourage等。 若要表达否定的意思，要在to do前加not, 构成not to do的形式。 ① She often helps me (to) do the housework. 她常常帮我做家务。 我们帮他修自行车。 ② We helped him (to) fix his bike. Top Tip We use infinitives with or without to after the verb help. We use infinitives without to after some verbs, such as let and make. ① Let me tell you what I saw last night. 让我告诉你昨晚我看到的事。 什么都不能让我改变主意。 ② Nothing will make me change my mind. 这类的动词有哪些呢？ Top Tip notice watch 五看 see look at observe 三使 let make have listen to hear 二听 一感觉: feel + sb do sth. (不带to的不定式) Now let’s finish the exercise on page 9. Dong Lili is visiting Jin Ya in the hospital. Complete their conversation with the correct form of the words in brackets. Dong Lili: Morning Jin Ya. We're organizing a painting competition, and we're (1)__________________________ (invite, everyone, take part in) it. Would you like to take part? Jin Ya: Yes. I'd love to! I (2)___________ (want, paint) a picture of the park near my home, but the doctor won't (3)_________ (let, I, go) out. He (4)_____________(tell, I, stay) in hospital. Dong Lili: Do you (5)_____________ (want, I, take) some photos for you? Jin Ya: Yes, that would be very kind of you! Dong Lili: I'll go there this weekend to take some photos. I'll show them to you next week and (6)________________ (teach, you, paint). Jin Ya: Thanks for your help! inviting everyone to take part in want to paint let me go told me to stay want me to take teach you to paint Read the poster below. Pay attention to the words in bold. Wash your hands Wash your hands to stay clean. Wash your hands to get rid of viruses. Wash your hands to prevent the spread of diseases. Wash your hands to keep everyone healthy! P10 We can use infinitives to express the purpose of an action. Let’s sum up the rules! 我们可以用不定式来表达一个动作的目的。 ① Jin Ya used a brush to paint a picture of a park. ② They went to the hospital to help the sick children. ③ She organized a magic show to raise money. (= To raise money, she organized a magic show.) C 动词不定式作目的状语 动词不定式用作_________，表示某一动作或状态的目的 (做某事是为了什么)。 金雅用画笔画了一幅公园的图画。 他们去医院帮助生病的孩子们。 她组织了一场魔术表演来筹集资金。 目的状语 动词不定式作目的状语时，动词不定式可位于句首也可位于句末 Let's learn more! Now let’s finish the exercises on page 10. (1) Why did the three teenagers offer to do some voluntary work during the school holidays? (2) Why did Dong Lili go to the children's hospital? (3) Why did Dong Lili go to the park near Jin Ya's home? (4) Why did Wang Jie and his mother encourage Liu Yun to share her stories? (5) Why did Ding Ling teach disabled children to sing? Answer the questions below with infinitives. Use the information from the posts on page 5 to help you. (1) Why did the three teenagers offer to do some voluntary work during the school holidays? (2) Why did Dong Lili go to the children's hospital? They did some voluntary work during the school holidays to help others. Dong Lili went to the children's hospital to cheer the children up with some fun activities. (3) Why did Dong Lili go to the park near Jin Ya's home? (4) Why did Wang Jie and his mother encourage Liu Yun to share her stories? (5) Why did Ding Ling teach disabled children to sing? Dong Lili went to the park near Jin Ya's home to take some photos for her painting. Wang Jie and his mother encouraged Liu Yun to share her stories to help her express her feelings. Ding Ling taught disabled children to sing to bring them joy. Talk in groups about doing voluntary work. Use the questions to help you. What do you want / plan / hope ... to do to help people in need? S1: What do you plan to do to help people in need? S2: I plan to raise money to buy books for children with no parents, and I hope to raise￥300. What about you? S3: I want to help elderly people do their housework. ... 不定式 结构 用法 作宾语 作宾语补足语 作目的状语 verbs + to + infinitives verbs + objects + (to) + infinitives 动词不定式可以跟在一些动词之后，作这些动词的宾语 用来补充说明宾语，表示宾语的状态、特征、身份等 表示某一动作或状态的目的 (做某事是为了什么) to + infinitives Review Post-learning Summary 不定式用法总结与拓展 ① 作主语 To learn English is fun. 学习英语很有趣。 ② 作表语 My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。 ③ 作宾语 She hopes to pass the exam. 她希望能通过考试。 Summary 不定式用法总结 ④ 作宾语补足语 My teacher told me to finish my homework. 老师告诉我要完成作业。 ⑤ 作后置定语 He needs a pen to write. 他需要一支写字的笔。 ⑥ 作目的状语 To catch the bus, she ran very fast. 为了赶上公交车，她跑得很快。 I. 从括号中选择适当的词或词组完成句子。 1. When I didn’t have enough money to buy the flat, Jack offered __________(to lend / lending) me some. 2. My father taught me how _________(swim / to swim) when I was seven years old. 3. I’ve decided ________(to visit / visited) the Great Wall with my friends next week. 4. The students arrived at the park ________(have / to have) a picnic. 5. The shop owner made the poor boy ______(work / to work) for 12 hours every day. to lend to swim to visit to have work 1. 我想放学后去书店。 I want _____ _____ to the bookshop after school. 2. 他不知道如何与别人交朋友。 He doesn’t know _____ _____ _____ friends with others. 3. 昨天，我们一家去医院看望了安娜。 Yesterday our family went to the hospital _____ ______ Anna. 4. 晚饭后，露西的妈妈让她做作业。 After dinner, Lucy’s mother made _____ _____ _____ __________. 5. 为了保持健康，那个老人每天早晨在公园跑步。 　___ _______ _______, the old man runs in the park every morning. II. 根据所给汉语提示，完成下列句子。 to go how to make to see / visit her do her homework To keep / stay healthy Make some sentences using infinitives. (at least 10) Finish the exercises in EW (English Weekly). Preview Speaking on P11. Thank you! 31 $