Unit 5 课外拓展阅读小页- 2025-2026学年外研版八年级英语下册

外研八下时文阅读 Unit5时文阅读全能训练三 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： The Scientist Who Spent 40 Years in the Rainforest Adapted from The Guardian When Dr. Thomas Hartley first traveled to the Amazon rainforest in 1983, he planned to stay for two years. Forty years later, he is still there. The 68-year-old biologist has dedicated his life to studying one of the most biodiverse places on Earth. Hartley’s work focuses on tropical insects. He has discovered over 200 new species, including butterflies, ants, and beetles. Many of these species were completely unknown to science before he found them. “When I first arrived, I thought I knew a lot about insects,” Hartley recalls. “But the Amazon humbled me. Every week, I saw something I had never seen before.” Living in the rainforest is not easy. Hartley has faced dangerous animals, extreme weather, and serious illnesses. Once, he was bitten by a venomous snake and had to walk three days to reach a hospital. But he never considered leaving. “The rainforest is like a library that we haven’t finished reading,” he explains. “Every time I go out, I learn something new. How could I leave when there’s so much left to discover?” Hartley has trained dozens of young scientists from local communities. He believes that protecting the rainforest requires local knowledge and involvement. “You don’t need a PhD to be a scientist,” he says. “You need curiosity and patience. The forest teaches you everything else.” Now in his late sixties, Hartley shows no signs of slowing down. He still wakes at dawn each day to begin his research. “I’ll stop when I can’t walk anymore,” he says with a smile. “Until then, there’s work to do.” Core Vocabulary dedicate /ˈdedɪkeɪt/ v. 奉献 biodiverse /ˌbaɪəʊdaɪˈvɜːs/ adj. 生物多样性的 tropical /ˈtrɒpɪkəl/ adj. 热带的 venomous /ˈvenəməs/ adj. 有毒的 curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心 Comprehension Questions 1. How long did Dr. Hartley originally plan to stay in the Amazon? A. Forty years B. Two years C. Ten years D. His whole life 2. What challenges has Dr. Hartley faced while living in the rainforest? A. He has discovered too many insects to study. B. He has faced dangerous animals, extreme weather, and illnesses. C. He has been lonely and wants to go home. D. He has run out of new things to discover. 3. What does the word “humbled” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A. 使感到骄傲 B. 使感到谦卑 C. 使感到害怕 D. 使感到无聊 4. What does Dr. Hartley compare the rainforest to? A. A dangerous place B. A library that hasn’t been finished reading C. A hospital D. A school for young scientists 5. What does Dr. Hartley believe is needed to be a scientist? A. A PhD degree B. Expensive equipment C. Curiosity and patience D. Living in the rainforest Stella原创资料 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $The hidden world of whale songs for centuries, sailors told stories of strange sounds coming from the ocean. They didn't know IT then, but those sounds were the sounds of hump back whales. Today, scientists are still trying to understand these mysterious. And watermelons come back. Whales produce complex sounds that can travel for miles through the ocean. Their songs are not random noises. They have patterns, rhymes and even ryan like structures. A single song can last up to twenty minutes and can be repeated for hours. What makes whale songs even more fascinating is that they change over time. Each year, the whales add new parts to their songs within a population, all the males seeing the same version. But over several years, the song evolves completely. It's like a hit song that everyone is singing, explains marine biologist doctor sarra chen. But instead of a new pop star, the whales themselves are the composers. We don't know exactly why they sing. Some scientists think it's to attract mates. Others believe that helps them navigate. Researchers use underwater microphones called hydrophones to record whale songs. By study these recordings, they can track whale populations and migration patterns. For fifteen year old ocean lover me, a tourist learning about whale songs Sparked a passion. I heard a recording of a hump back song and couldn't believe how beautiful IT was. He said, now I want to become a marine biologist and help protect these amazing creatures. The scientists who spent forty years in the ryan forest, when doctor Thomas hardly first traveled to the amazon ryan forests in one thousand nine hundred eighty three, he planned to stay for two years. Forty years later, he is still there. The sixty eight year old biologist has dedicated his life to study one of the most biodiverse places on earth. Harleys work focuses on tropical insects. He has discovered over two hundred new species, including butterflies and beetles. Many of these species were completely unknown to science before he found them. When I first arrived, I thought I knew a lot about insects, hardly recalls, but the amazon humbled me every week. I saw something I had never seen before. Living in the rainforest is not easy, hardly has faced dangerous animals, extreme weather and serious illness. Ses, once he was bitten by a vana snake and had to walk three days to reach a hospital, but he never considered leaving. The ryan forest is like a library that we haven't finished reading. He explains, every time I go out, I learned something new. How could I leave when there is so much left to discover? Harley has trained dozens of Young scientists from local communities. He believes that protecting the rhine forest requires local knowledge and involvement. You don't need AP. H. D to be a scientist. He says, you need curiosity and patients. The forest teaches you everything else. Now, in his late sixties, hardly shows no signs of slowing down. He still wakes at don each day to begin his research. I'll stop when I can't walk anymore, he says with a smile. Until then, there's work to do. 外研八下时文阅读 Unit5时文阅读全能训练二 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： The Hidden World of Whale Songs Adapted from BBC Earth For centuries, sailors told stories of strange sounds coming from the ocean. They didn’t know it then, but those sounds were the songs of humpback whales. Today, scientists are still trying to understand these mysterious underwater melodies. Humpback whales produce complex sounds that can travel for miles through the ocean. Their songs are not random noises. They have patterns, rhythms, and even rhyme-like structures. A single song can last up to 20 minutes and can be repeated for hours. What makes whale songs even more fascinating is that they change over time. Each year, the whales add new parts to their songs. Within a population, all the males sing the same version. But over several years, the song evolves completely. “It’s like a hit song that everyone is singing,” explains marine biologist Dr. Sarah Chen. “But instead of a new pop star, the whales themselves are the composers. We don’t know exactly why they sing. Some scientists think it’s to attract mates. Others believe it helps them navigate.” Researchers use underwater microphones called hydrophones to record whale songs. By studying these recordings, they can track whale populations and migration patterns. For 15-year-old ocean lover Mia Torres, learning about whale songs sparked a passion. “I heard a recording of a humpback song and couldn’t believe how beautiful it was,” she said. “Now I want to become a marine biologist and help protect these amazing creatures.” Core Vocabulary humpback whale /ˈhʌmpbæk weɪl/ n. 座头鲸 melody /ˈmelədi/ n. 旋律 evolve /ɪˈvɒlv/ v. 进化；演变 marine biologist /məˈriːn baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 海洋生物学家 migration /maɪˈɡreɪʃən/ n. 迁徙 Comprehension Questions 1. What did sailors think of the sounds coming from the ocean? A. They knew they were whale songs. B. They thought they were strange sounds. C. They recorded them for scientists. D. They ignored them completely. 2. What makes whale songs fascinating to scientists? A. They are loud enough to hear on land. B. They are random noises with no pattern. C. They change over time and evolve like hit songs. D. Only female whales sing. 3. What does the word “evolves” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A. 消失 B. 演变；发展 C. 重复 D. 减弱 4. Why do scientists use hydrophones? A. To communicate with whales. B. To record whale songs and track populations. C. To stop whales from singing. D. To find new whale species. 5. How did learning about whale songs affect Mia Torres? A. She decided to become a marine biologist. B. She thought it was boring. C. She wanted to become a sailor. D. She started writing songs. Stella原创资料 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $外研八下时文阅读 Unit5时文阅读全能训练四 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： How a 12-Year-Old Helped Save Sea Turtles Adapted from Time for Kids When 12-year-old Olivia Chen visited a beach in Costa Rica with her family, she expected to build sandcastles and swim in the ocean. Instead, she witnessed something that changed her life: baby sea turtles struggling to reach the ocean under bright lights from nearby hotels. “The baby turtles were going toward the lights instead of the water,” Olivia explained. “I learned that sea turtles use moonlight to find the ocean. Artificial lights confuse them, and many don’t survive.” Olivia couldn’t stop thinking about those turtles. When she returned home to California, she researched the problem. She discovered that sea turtle populations have declined by 80% in some areas due to habitat loss, pollution, and light pollution. What could a 12-year-old do? Olivia started by talking to her city council. She proposed a new law requiring hotels and businesses near beaches to use turtle-friendly lighting. These special lights are dimmer and shine downward, making them less confusing to turtles. At first, some business owners were against the idea. Olivia organized a campaign, collecting over 2,000 signatures from community members who supported the change. She presented her petition at a city council meeting. In April 2023, the city passed the new lighting law. Since then, local conservation groups have reported an increase in sea turtle nests and hatchling survival rates. “I learned that age doesn’t matter when you care about something,” Olivia said. “If you see a problem and you work hard, you can make a difference. The turtles taught me that.” Olivia now speaks at schools and environmental conferences. She hopes to expand her efforts to other coastal communities. Core Vocabulary artificial /ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃəl/ adj. 人造的 habitat /ˈhæbɪtæt/ n. 栖息地 decline /dɪˈklaɪn/ v. 下降；减少 petition /pəˈtɪʃən/ n. 请愿书 hatchling /ˈhætʃlɪŋ/ n. 刚孵化的幼崽 Comprehension Questions 1. What did Olivia witness on the beach in Costa Rica? A. Tourists harming sea turtles. B. Baby sea turtles struggling to reach the ocean because of bright lights. C. Scientists studying sea turtles. D. Hotels being built near turtle nests. 2. Why do artificial lights harm baby sea turtles? A. They attract predators to the turtles. B. They confuse the turtles, causing them to go toward the lights instead of the ocean. C. They make the sand too hot for turtle eggs. D. They prevent mother turtles from laying eggs. 3. What does the word “declined” in paragraph 3 most likely mean? A. 增加 B. 减少 C. 保持 D. 消失 4. What did Olivia do to help sea turtles after returning home? A. She started a sea turtle rescue center. B. She proposed a law requiring turtle-friendly lighting near beaches. C. She moved to Costa Rica to protect turtles. D. She asked her family to donate money. 5. What did Olivia learn from her experience? A. Only adults can make changes in their communities. B. Age doesn’t matter when you care about something and work hard. C. It’s too difficult for young people to help the environment. D. Sea turtles are not worth protecting. Stella原创资料 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $How a twelve year old helps save sea turtles when twelve year old Olivia chene visited a beach in costa ka with her family, SHE expected to build san castles and swim in the ocean. Instead, SHE witnessed something that changed her life. Baby c turtle struggling to reach the ocean under bright lights from nearby hotels, the baby turtle were going toward the lights instead of the water, Olivia explained. I learned that sea turtles use moonlight to find the ocean. Artificial lights confuse them, and many don't survive. Olivia couldn't stop thinking about those turtles when he returned home to california. SHE researched the problem. SHE discovered that sea turtle populations have declined by eighty percent in some areas due to habitat loss, pollution and light pollution. What could a twelve year old do? Olivia started by talking to her city council. SHE proposed a new law requiring hotels and businesses near beaches to use turtle friendly lighting. These special lights are dimmer and shine downward, making them less confusing to turtles. At first, some business owners were against the idea. Olivia organized the campaign, collecting over two thousand signatures from community members who supported the change. SHE presented her petition at a city council meeting in April twenty twenty three. The city passed the new lighting wall. Since then, local conservation groups have reported an increase in see turtle nests and hatching survival rates. I learned that age doesn't matter when you care about something, Olivia said. If you see a problem, when you work hard, you can make a difference. The turtle taught me that Olivia and now speaks at schools and environmental conferences. He hopes to expand her efforts to other coastal communities. 外研八下时文阅读 Unit5时文阅读全能训练一 拓展阅读 建议作答时间：10分钟 姓名： 评价： The Teenager Who Discovered a New Species Adapted from National Geographic When 15-year-old Lucas Mendoza went on a family hike in California’s Santa Monica Mountains, he expected to take some photos and enjoy the view. What he didn’t expect was to discover a new species. Lucas had always been interested in insects. He carried a small magnifying glass on every hike. On this particular day, he noticed a small beetle under a rock. Something about it looked different. Its shell had an unusual pattern of spots, and its antennae were longer than any beetle he had seen before. “I took a photo and sent it to a scientist at the Natural History Museum,” Lucas recalled. “I didn’t think much of it. I just thought it was interesting.” The scientist, Dr. Emily Chen, was amazed. After months of research, she confirmed that the beetle was indeed a species never before documented. It was named the “Mendoza Beetle” in Lucas’s honor. “Most new species are discovered by scientists on professional expeditions,” Dr. Chen explained. “Finding one on a family hike is extremely rare. Lucas has a sharp eye and a curious mind.” Since his discovery, Lucas has been invited to speak at science conferences. He has also started a nature club at his school, encouraging other young people to look closely at the world around them. “You don’t have to be a scientist to discover something new,” Lucas said. “You just have to pay attention. Nature is full of surprises, and they’re waiting for someone to find them.” Core Vocabulary · species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ n. 物种 · magnifying glass /ˈmæɡnɪfaɪɪŋ ɡlɑːs/ n. 放大镜 · beetle /ˈbiːtəl/ n. 甲虫 · antennae /ænˈteniː/ n. 触角 · expedition /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/ n. 探险；考察 Comprehension Questions 1. What was Lucas doing when he discovered the new beetle? A. He was on a science expedition with a museum. B. He was on a family hike in California. C. He was attending a science conference. D. He was looking for insects in his backyard. 2. What made Lucas think the beetle might be unusual? A. It was larger than other beetles. B. It had a strange color and was moving quickly. C. It had an unusual spot pattern and longer antennae. D. It was hiding under a rock. 3. What does the word “documented” in paragraph 4 most likely mean? A. 记录在案的 B. 灭绝的 C. 危险的 D. 常见的 4. What did Dr. Emily Chen say about Lucas’s discovery? A. It was not a real new species. B. Finding a new species on a family hike is extremely rare. C. Lucas should become a scientist immediately. D. The beetle was already known to scientists. 5. What is Lucas’s message to other young people? A. Only scientists can make important discoveries. B. You need special equipment to find new species. C. Nature is full of surprises if you pay attention. D. Discovering new species is very difficult. Stella原创资料 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 外研版八下拓展阅读unit5 --- Reading 1: The Teenager Who Discovered a New Species 参考译文 15岁的卢卡斯·门多萨在加利福尼亚州圣莫尼卡山脉和家人一起徒步旅行时，本以为只是拍些照片、欣赏风景。他没想到的是，自己竟然发现了一个新物种。 卢卡斯一直对昆虫很感兴趣。他每次徒步都会随身携带一个放大镜。就在这一天，他在一块岩石下注意到一只小甲虫。它看起来有些不同。它的壳上有不寻常的斑点图案，触角也比以前见过的任何甲虫都要长。 “我拍了一张照片，发给了自然历史博物馆的一位科学家，”卢卡斯回忆道。“我当时没太当回事。只是觉得它很有趣。” 科学家陈艾米丽博士非常惊讶。经过几个月的研究，她确认这只甲虫确实是一个从未被记录过的物种。为了纪念卢卡斯，这种甲虫被命名为“门多萨甲虫”。 “大多数新物种都是由科学家在专业考察中发现的，”陈博士解释道。“在家庭徒步中发现新物种极为罕见。卢卡斯有一双敏锐的眼睛和一颗好奇的心。” 自从发现新物种以来，卢卡斯受邀在科学会议上演讲。他还在学校创办了一个自然俱乐部，鼓励其他年轻人仔细观察周围的世界。 “你不必成为科学家才能发现新东西，”卢卡斯说。“你只需要留心观察。大自然充满了惊喜，它们正等着有人去发现。” 题目解析 第1题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第一段明确指出卢卡斯是在“went on a family hike in California’s Santa Monica Mountains”时发现了新甲虫，即与家人一起在加利福尼亚州徒步旅行时，这与选项B的描述一致。A说他在与博物馆的科学考察中、C说他参加科学会议时、D说他在自家后院寻找昆虫时，文中均未提及。 第2题 答案：C。这道题考查细节理解。文章第二段描述了卢卡斯注意到甲虫不同寻常的原因：“Its shell had an unusual pattern of spots, and its antennae were longer than any beetle he had seen before”，即它的壳上有不寻常的斑点图案，触角比以前见过的任何甲虫都长，这与选项C的描述一致。A说它比其他甲虫更大、B说它有奇怪的颜色并且移动很快、D说它藏在岩石下，都不是文中提到的原因。 第3题 答案：A。这道题考查词义猜测。文章第四段说科学家确认这只甲虫“was indeed a species never before documented”，意思是这是一个从未被______过的物种。结合上下文，这是一个新发现的物种，因此从未被记录在案过，所以“documented”意为“记录在案的”。其他选项B“灭绝的”、C“危险的”、D“常见的”都不符合语境。 第4题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第五段陈博士对卢卡斯的发现进行了评价：“Finding one on a family hike is extremely rare”，即在家庭徒步中发现新物种极为罕见，这与选项B的描述一致。A说这不是真正的新物种、C说卢卡斯应该立即成为科学家、D说这种甲虫科学家已经知道，都与陈博士的话不符。 第5题 答案：C。这道题考查细节理解。文章最后一段卢卡斯传达了他的信息：“Nature is full of surprises, and they’re waiting for someone to find them”，即大自然充满了惊喜，它们正等着有人去发现，这与选项C的描述一致。A说只有科学家才能做出重要发现、B说发现新物种需要特殊设备、D说发现新物种非常困难，都与卢卡斯的观点相反。 --- Reading 2: The Hidden World of Whale Songs 参考译文 几个世纪以来，水手们讲述着从海洋中传来的奇怪声音的故事。当时他们不知道，那些声音是座头鲸的歌声。今天，科学家们仍在试图理解这些神秘的水下旋律。 座头鲸发出的复杂声音可以在海洋中传播数英里。它们的歌声不是随机的噪音。它们有模式、节奏，甚至像押韵的结构。一首歌可以持续长达20分钟，并且可以重复数小时。 鲸鱼歌声更迷人的地方在于它们会随着时间而变化。每年，鲸鱼都会为它们的歌声添加新的部分。在同一个种群中，所有雄性鲸鱼唱的是同一版本。但经过几年，这首歌会完全演变。 “这就像一首大家都在唱的流行歌曲，”海洋生物学家陈莎拉博士解释道。“但取代新流行歌星的是，鲸鱼自己就是作曲家。我们并不确切知道它们为什么唱歌。一些科学家认为是为了吸引配偶。另一些认为这有助于它们导航。” 研究人员使用称为水听器的水下麦克风来记录鲸鱼的歌声。通过研究这些录音，他们可以追踪鲸鱼种群和迁徙模式。 对于15岁的海洋爱好者米娅·托雷斯来说，了解鲸鱼歌声激发了一种热情。“我听到了一段座头鲸的录音，简直不敢相信它有多美，”她说。“现在我想成为一名海洋生物学家，帮助保护这些神奇的生物。” 题目解析 第1题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第一段提到水手们“told stories of strange sounds coming from the ocean”，即讲述着从海洋中传来的奇怪声音的故事，他们当时不知道那是鲸鱼的声音，这与选项B的描述一致。A说他们知道那是鲸鱼歌声、C说他们为科学家录音、D说他们完全忽略，都与文中描述不符。 第2题 答案：C。这道题考查细节理解。文章第三段说明了鲸鱼歌声的迷人之处：“they change over time. Each year, the whales add new parts to their songs... the song evolves completely”，即它们随时间变化，每年添加新部分，歌曲完全演变，这与选项C的描述一致。A说它们的声音在陆地上也能听到、B说它们是随机的噪音没有模式、D说只有雌性鲸鱼唱歌，都与文中描述相反。 第3题 答案：B。这道题考查词义猜测。文章第三段说经过几年时间，鲸鱼的歌曲会完全“evolves”，结合前文提到每年添加新部分，歌曲在不断发展和变化，因此“evolves”意为“演变”或“发展”。其他选项A“消失”、C“重复”、D“减弱”都不符合语境。 第4题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第五段说明了科学家使用水听器的目的：“record whale songs”和“track whale populations and migration patterns”，即记录鲸鱼歌声、追踪鲸鱼种群和迁徙模式，这与选项B的描述一致。A说与鲸鱼交流、C说阻止鲸鱼唱歌、D说寻找新的鲸鱼物种，文中均未提及。 第5题 答案：A。这道题考查细节理解。文章最后一段米娅说“Now I want to become a marine biologist”，即她现在想成为一名海洋生物学家，这是鲸鱼歌声对她的影响，与选项A的描述一致。B说她觉得无聊、C说她想成为水手、D说她开始写歌，都与文中描述相反。 --- Reading 3: The Scientist Who Spent 40 Years in the Rainforest 参考译文 1983年，托马斯·哈特利博士第一次前往亚马逊雨林时，他计划待两年。四十年后，他仍然在那里。这位68岁的生物学家将他的一生奉献给了研究地球上生物多样性最丰富的地方之一。 哈特利的工作专注于热带昆虫。他已经发现了200多个新物种，包括蝴蝶、蚂蚁和甲虫。其中许多物种在他发现之前科学界完全不知道。 “当我第一次到达时，我以为自己对昆虫了解很多，”哈特利回忆道。“但亚马逊让我认识到自己的渺小。每周，我都会看到以前从未见过的东西。” 在雨林中生活并不容易。哈特利曾面对危险的动物、极端的天气和严重的疾病。有一次，他被一条毒蛇咬伤，不得不步行三天才能到达医院。但他从未考虑过离开。 “雨林就像一本我们还没读完的图书馆，”他解释道。“每次我出去，都能学到新东西。还有那么多东西等着被发现，我怎么能离开呢？” 哈特利培训了数十名来自当地社区的年轻科学家。他相信保护雨林需要本地知识和参与。 “你不需要博士学位就能成为科学家，”他说。“你需要好奇心和耐心。森林会教你其他一切。” 现在快70岁的哈特利丝毫没有放慢脚步的迹象。他仍然每天黎明起床开始研究。“我会一直工作到走不动为止，”他微笑着说。“在那之前，还有工作要做。” 题目解析 第1题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第一段明确指出哈特利博士最初计划在亚马逊待“two years”，即两年，这与选项B的描述一致。A说四十年、C说十年、D说他的一生，都是他实际停留的时间，而不是最初的计划。 第2题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第四段描述了哈特利在雨林面临的挑战：“dangerous animals, extreme weather, and serious illnesses”，即危险的动物、极端的天气和严重的疾病，这与选项B的描述一致。A说他发现太多昆虫难以研究、C说他孤独想回家、D说他没什么新东西可发现了，文中均未提及。 第3题 答案：B。这道题考查词义猜测。文章第三段哈特利说“The Amazon humbled me”，结合前文他以为自己对昆虫了解很多，但每周都看到新东西，可知亚马逊让他认识到自己的知识和能力是有限的，让他变得谦卑，因此“humbled”意为“使感到谦卑”。其他选项A“使感到骄傲”、C“使感到害怕”、D“使感到无聊”都不符合语境。 第4题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第五段哈特利将雨林比作“a library that we haven’t finished reading”，即一本我们还没读完的图书馆，这与选项B的描述一致。A说危险的地方、C说医院、D说年轻科学家的学校，都不是他的比喻。 第5题 答案：C。这道题考查细节理解。文章第七段哈特利说“You need curiosity and patience”，即成为科学家需要好奇心和耐心，这与选项C的描述一致。A说需要博士学位、B说需要昂贵的设备、D说需要住在雨林中，都不是他提到的必要条件。 --- Reading 4: How a 12-Year-Old Helped Save Sea Turtles 参考译文 12岁的奥利维亚·陈和家人一起前往哥斯达黎加的海滩时，她本以为会堆沙堡、在海里游泳。然而，她目睹了一件改变她一生的事情：小海龟在附近酒店明亮的灯光下挣扎着向大海爬去。 “小海龟朝着灯光方向爬去，而不是水边，”奥利维亚解释道。“我了解到海龟利用月光找到海洋。人造灯光会迷惑它们，很多海龟活不下来。” 奥利维亚无法停止思考那些海龟。回到加利福尼亚的家后，她研究了这个问题。她发现，由于栖息地丧失、污染和光污染，一些地区的海龟数量已经下降了80%。 一个12岁的孩子能做些什么？奥利维亚从与市议会交谈开始。她提出了一项新法律，要求海滩附近的酒店和企业使用对海龟友好的照明。这些特殊灯光更暗，向下照射，对海龟的迷惑性较小。 起初，一些企业主反对这个想法。奥利维亚组织了一场活动，收集了超过2000名支持这一改变的社区成员的签名。她在市议会会议上提交了请愿书。 2023年4月，该市通过了新的照明法。从那以后，当地保护组织报告称海龟巢穴和幼龟存活率都有所增加。 “我明白了，当你关心某件事时，年龄并不重要，”奥利维亚说。“如果你看到了问题并努力工作，你就能带来改变。海龟教会了我这一点。” 奥利维亚现在在学校和环境会议上演讲。她希望将她的努力扩展到其他沿海社区。 题目解析 第1题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第一段描述了奥利维亚在哥斯达黎加海滩目睹的情景：“baby sea turtles struggling to reach the ocean under bright lights from nearby hotels”，即小海龟在附近酒店明亮的灯光下挣扎着向大海爬去，这与选项B的描述一致。A说游客伤害海龟、C说科学家研究海龟、D说酒店建在海龟巢附近，文中均未提及。 第2题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第二段奥利维亚解释了人造灯光对海龟的危害：“Artificial lights confuse them, and many don’t survive”，即人造灯光迷惑它们，很多海龟活不下来，海龟本该利用月光找到海洋，灯光让它们迷失方向，这与选项B的描述一致。A说灯光吸引捕食者、C说灯光让沙子太热影响龟蛋、D说灯光阻止母海龟产卵，文中均未提及。 第3题 答案：B。这道题考查词义猜测。文章第三段说海龟数量“have declined by 80% in some areas”，即在一些地区海龟数量______了80%。结合上下文，由于栖息地丧失、污染和光污染，海龟数量应该是下降了，因此“declined”意为“减少”。其他选项A“增加”、C“保持”、D“消失”都不符合语境。 第4题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章第四段描述了奥利维亚回到家乡后的行动：“She proposed a new law requiring hotels and businesses near beaches to use turtle-friendly lighting”，即她提出了一项新法律，要求海滩附近的酒店和企业使用对海龟友好的照明，这与选项B的描述一致。A说她创办海龟救助中心、C说她搬到哥斯达黎加保护海龟、D说她让家人捐钱，文中均未提及。 第5题 答案：B。这道题考查细节理解。文章倒数第二段奥利维亚总结了她学到的道理：“age doesn’t matter when you care about something... you can make a difference”，即当你关心某件事时年龄并不重要，你可以带来改变，这与选项B的描述一致。A说只有成年人才能在社区带来改变、C说年轻人帮助环境太难了、D说海龟不值得保护，都与奥利维亚的观点相反。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $The teenager who discovered a new species when fifteen year old lucus mendoza went on a family hiking california anto Monica mountains, he expected to take some photos and enjoy the view. What he didn't expect was to discover a new species. Lucas had always been interested in insects. He Carried a small magnifying glass on every height. On this particular day, he noticed a small beetle under a rock. Something about IT look different. Its shell had an unusual pattern of spots, and it's intense. We're longer than any beetle he had seen before. I took a photo and sent IT to a scientist at the natural history museum. Lucas recalled. I didn't think much of IT. I just thought I was interesting. The scientist, doctor Emily chen, was amazed. After months of research, SHE confirmed that the metal was indeed a species never before documented. IT was named the mendoza beto in lucas honor. Most new species are discovered by scientists on professional expeditions, doctor chen explained. Finding one on a family hike is extremely rare. Lucas has a sharp and a curious mind. Since his discovery, lucas has been invited to speak at science conferences. He has also started a nature club at his school, encouraging other Young people to look closely at the world around them. You don't have to be a scientist to discover something new, lucas said. You just have to pay attention. Nature is full of surprises, and they are waiting for someone to find them.