专题 J814 Unit 1 Past and present 任务型阅读（填表10空）-【题型易-必考题型精练】2025-2026学年八年级下学期英语 话题中心题型梯度特训-译林版

考前语法精练 专题J814阅读填表 单元话题特训（新教材译林版） Unit 1 Past and present 过去与现在 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 初阶练手 进阶提升 能力突破 Passage 1 I was happy in those days before I started going to school. Because I had good neighbors to play with. I played with them from morning to evening. We played games outdoors, dressed up as cowboys and rode around on our tricycles (三轮车) happily. At the age of five, I had to go to kindergarten (幼儿园) and it was quite hard for me at first. I felt very sad about having to leave my mother each morning. I cried and wanted my mother around. As the days went by, however, I made friends easily in my class. I became happy again and looked forward to leaving my house each morning. I still remember those days when I was learning to ride a bicycle. I fell several times but I never gave up. Finally, I was able to join my friends riding around on my bike. Another memory I like is the end-of-year concert held at the kindergarten. I was chosen to play the role of Jack in the play, Jack and the Magic Beans. I became the superstar that night and received praise for my performance. What a wonderful childhood I had! At times I really wish I could go back to those days. Title: My 1 Before going to school I played with my good 2 happily every day. We played lots of games like 3 up as cowboys and riding around on tricycles. At the age of 4 I had to begin my kindergarten life. I felt very sad to 5 my mother every morning. After I made friends in my class, I became happy again and couldn’t 6 to leave my house every morning. The days of learning to ride a bicycle I fell a few times but I 7 give up. In the end I 8 ride around with my friends. The memory about the concert at the kindergarten The concert was held at the 9 of the year. I played the role of Jack in the play, Jack and the Magic Beans. I became the superstar and received 10 for my performance. Passage 2 The world has two important parts. One half of the world is rich and the other half is poor. In the poor part, a lot of people never get enough to eat. In the rich part, a lot of people eat too much. In one part, children are hungry and in the other, a lot of people are fatter and fatter and have to go on diets or do some exercise to lose weight. For example, a dog or a cat in North America eats better than a child in the poorer countries. The poor countries have some difficult problems. Sometimes the land is too poor to grow anything on. The land can get better, but people have to do a lot of things first. More experts (专家) should go there to teach people how to enrich their land and how to find water. But rich countries have problems, too. They are not always pleasant places to live in. Sometimes the air is too dirty to breathe (呼吸) and the rivers are too dirty to swim in or to take water. The roads and the streets are full of people and buses. Cars usually move very slowly. Noise is terrible. A lot of people do not have houses to live in. People must do something about these problems. We should do something to make the air and the rivers clean and build more houses. But it will take a long time. Different lives in the world Countries In 1 countries In rich countries Phenomena (现象) A lot of people there can not have 2 food to eat. People in rich countries eat too much. Children are 3 . Many people have to 4 weight by going on a diet or exercising. Difficult problems The land is too poor for plants to 5 on. The air and the rivers are 6 . There are a lot of 7 and people in the roads and the streets. Solutions (解决方法) People should learn how to 8 their land and find the water. Make the air and the river 9 and 10 more houses. Passage 3 阅读下列短文,根据短文信息完成文后表格。 Hi! My name is Robin. I live in a town in the east of Shanghai. Over the last twenty years, great changes have taken place here. In the past, my hometown was only a small village. There were no tall buildings. But now more and more tall buildings appear and the roads get wider. My father used to work in a small post office. We kept in touch with each other mainly by sending letters. Now we can use telephones, mobile phones, the Internet to contact each other. The world becomes smaller and smaller. We can find our life more comfortable. We live in big flats. We enjoy milk, vegetables, fruit and meat for meals. We can also enjoy wonderful films and listen to music with MP5 players or mobile phones. In the past, we couldn’t enjoy life like this. On the other hand, pollution has become a serious problem in our daily life. In the past, there were not many factories. So the water was clean and the air was fresh. However, the water and the air aren’t clean any more, because too many factories have polluted them. The government has taken action to reduce the pollution. Now things have been better. I am sure my hometown will be more and more beautiful. 1 in Robin’s Life Robin lives in a town in the 2 part of Shanghai. In the past ◇The town was a small 3 twenty years ago. ◇There were no tall buildings and 4 roads. ◇People 5 letters to keep in touch with each other.◇The water and the air were clean because of fewer 6 . At 7 ◇Life is also 8 . People can enjoy all kinds of nice food. ◇Life is also becoming 9 . People can see films, listen to music and take part in other activities. ◇The pollution has been serious. The government has taken action to work out the 10 Robin is sure his hometown will be more and more beautiful. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填写表格，每空限填一词。     Over the last few centuries, there have been many changes in our lives.     To start with, people were not able to travel such a long distance in such a short time in the past. Planes were not very popular at that time because they used to be a very expensive way to travel. Nowadays, we have fast, comfortable cars, and more and more people can travel by plane.     Secondly, in the past, people had to work much harder because they did not have the tools that we have today. Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is done by computers and machines.     Thirdly, in the past, the living conditions were not as good as they are now. There were no bathrooms or running water in many houses, and people could not buy lots of things like fridges, TV sets or washing machines. Now, most families have several of these things.     Finally, nowadays, more and more people have the chance to get a good education. In the past, there were fewer schools and the quality of education was much poorer. Also, it is much easier to find the educational materials that you need on the Internet now.     The scientific and technological development in the world is amazing. Life now is much faster and busier than it used to be. And we are still creating new things to make our lives better and easier. Title: 1 in our lives In the past Today Transportation People couldn’t 2 very far in a short time. Planes were not so popular. People have fast cars; more people can travel by 3 . Work People worked much 4 . The difficult work can be done by 5 and machines. 6 conditions People couldn’t live as 7 as we do now. People can buy 8 things like fridges, TV sets or washing machines. Education There were fewer schools. They had 9 quality of education. More and more people have the 10 to get a good education. Passage 5 A 10-year-old boy decided to learn judo though he had lost his left arm in a car accident. The boy was doing well, so he couldn’t understand why, after three months of training, the master had taught him only one move. “ Master,” the boy finally asked, “shouldn’t I be learning more moves?” “ This is the only move you know, but this is the only move you’ll ever need to know,” the teacher answered. Several months later, the teacher took the boy to his first competition. Surprising himself, the boy easily won his first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, his opponent (对手) became impatient and charged; the boy skillfully used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success, the boy was now in the final. This time, his opponent was bigger, stronger, and more experienced. Soon after the match started, the boy seemed to lose. Thinking that the boy might get hurt, the judge called a time-out. He was going to stop the match when the teacher appeared. “ No,” the teacher said, “Let him continue.” A short time after the match carried on, his opponent made a careless mistake. At once, the boy used his move to pin (压住) him. The boy won the match and the competition. On the way home, the boy asked the teacher what was really in his mind. “ Why could I win the competition with only one move?” The teacher answered. “ First, you’ve mastered one of the most difficult throws in judo. Second, your opponent can only attack your left arm to win you.” 根据短文内容完成下面的表格，每空一词。 Title: One’s weakness can become his 1 A boy had lost left arm, 2 he decided to learn judo After three months of training, the master taught him only one move. His first 3 First three matches He won. Final His opponent was bigger, 4 and more 5 . At the 6 , the boy seemed to lose the match. The judge was 7 that the boy might get hurt and called a time-out. His opponent made a mistake. The boy used his move and pinned him. He became the   8 of the match. 9 1. He had almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo. 2. The opponent can win the match by 10 your left arm. Passage 6 Jane was on her way home at 6 o’clock. It was getting dark. As she drove into her community, she noticed a man. She saw the man walking along the sidewalk next to some houses. He didn’t live in any of those houses. She had seen this man several times before. He looked like a criminal (罪犯). She drove by him. He looked at her car as she drove by. She continued driving and watched him in her rear view mirror (后视镜) . She got to the corner and stopped. She continued to watch him walking in her direction. Suddenly, he turned left up a driveway (车道). A red SUV was parked in the driveway right next to the sidewalk. She saw him walk up to the driver’s door and put his hand on the handle (把手) . Then he returned to the sidewalk and went on to walk towards her. “What is that all about?” Jane wondered. Then she realized that he had tested the door to see if it was locked. “He is a criminal,” she thought. “That’s what he does. He just walks in our neighbourhood looking for cars to break into.” She called the police and described the man. The police officer said he knew who the man was. The people in the community called two or three times this week to report him walking by. But the police couldn’t arrest (逮捕) him for walking around unless they caught him with stolen things. “But he was testing that SUV door to see if it was unlocked,” she said. “I’m sorry,” said the officer. “That’s forbidden (禁止) according to the law. If you see him actually steal something, please give us a call.” Is He a Thief? Background 1 It was getting darker. Jane was 2 home when she noticed a man who she had seen several times before. Details of the story The man He was walking in Jane’s 3 and then suddenly turned left. He walked up to an SUV, put his hand on the handle of the driver’s door and then 4 walking. Jane She 5 the man all the time. She was sure the man was a criminal, 6 she called the police. She 7 the man’s strange behaviour to the police. The police officer He said the man had been 8 two or three times this week by others. But the man’s behaviour couldn’t 9 to the arrest of him. He said walking around was not 10 the law. Passage 7 阅读下面材料，根据材料内容完成后面表格，每空填一个单词。 Homestays are becoming more and more popular, and people around the world are changing their homes as hotels. Homestays offer cheap places to stay, and the chance (机会) for visitors to see the area like a local. They are very popular with people who want to stay in another country to study or on holiday. We asked three families who run homestays to tell us about where they live. The Atal family Our family home is in a small village in the north of Pakistan, in the Himalayan mountains. The village is quite small and very quiet. The mountains are very beautiful. You can go for long walks and go swimming in the rivers but there are no shops, cinemas or cafes. Kate and Julian Foxton Our two-bed house is by the sea in the south-west of England. It is about five minutes’ drive to the nearest village of Portreath. There are lots of beaches, rivers and forests and it is very quiet. We spend a lot of time reading books, watching films and going for walks. Our area is great for surfing, swimming and mountain biking. However, the houses here are expensive, which can be a problem for local people. There are no buses or trains here, so it can be difficult to get around without a car. Chafic and Aline Halwany Our home is near the centre of Beirut, Lebanon, one of the largest cities in the Middle East. There are lots of cafes and restaurants, which open late at night. We love it here because it’s so friendly and you can always find what you need—lots of people come to stay to learn Arabic and French. However, it can be noisy at night, and there is quite a lot of traffic during the day. Homestay holidays—A home 1 from home Families Advantages (优点) Disadvantages The Atal family (Pakistan) It’s in a small and quiet village in beautiful mountains. People can 2 and swim there. There are no shops, cinemas or cafes. Kate and Julian Foxton 3 It takes a short 4 to the beaches, rivers and forests by car. It’s a good place for 5 like surfing, swimming and mountain biking. Houses here are not 6 . It’s not 7 to get around without a car. Chafic and Aline Halwany (Lebanon) Lots of cafes and restaurants 8 at night. You can always find 9 you need. There is much 10 at night and lot of traffic during the day. Passage 8 Maps mark seas, countries, cities and our homes, and guide us through the world. To know them better, let’s take a look at how maps have changed over the centuries. Many ancient countries used maps. One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls (公牛) is a map of the stars. The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map, which shows Babylon and its neighbouring towns on the stone. Claudius Ptolemy made maps go worldwide. Born in Egypt around 100 CE, he was the first person to try to make a world map.With the help of Maths, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa. Perhaps the most commonly used world map is the Mercator projection. It was introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator. An important part of maps is the imaginary lines of longitude, latitude and the equator (赤道). Mercator took the globe and made it flat, but to do this, he had to make the areas further north and south larger, while the areas nearer the middle stay about the right size. The reason for this is that the Earth is like a ball, but a map is flat. It is easy to find places, but some people said it was unfair because places, including Canada, the UK and Europe, appeared much bigger than they really were. In the 19th and 20th centuries, modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly. Today, many people view maps on their phones. Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth. Scientists are also trying to map the past by using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This invention will collect light from stars and may find the secrets about the beginning of the universe (宇宙). The 1 of Maps Maps provide us with information of 2 . Ancient maps * One of the first maps is a map of the 3 from around 16,500 years ago. * The 4 earthly map is the Babylonian Map of the World. 5 maps * The first world map was drawn by using 6 . * The imaginary lines introduced to the Mercator Projection made it most commonly used, but it still needed 7 . Maps and 8 technology * Maps can be used on the 9 . * Maps can help us know more about the 10 and the universe through JWST. Passage 9 阅读并根据下面的短文，在表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 The history of prepared food can go back to ancient times when early humans used methods like drying, smoking, and salting to keep food, so that they could get something to eat during food shortages. In modern times, China’s prepared food industry has a late start and has mainly gone through a three-stage development process. In stage one, which began around 2000, prepared food mainly appeared in some restaurants to meet the needs of busy city life and changing dietary patterns. Over time, it could be found everywhere and entered people’s daily lives. Stage two, known as the standstill (停滞) period, lasted until 2013. During this period, the prepared food industry in China went through slow growth because the food processing technology did not have any great improvements. Stage three marked a period of rapid growth that started in 2014 with the development of the take-out industry. The rise of the take-out industry has created a fast increase in the need for convenient food, driving the growth of the prepared food market. Changes in people’s lifestyles have further sped up this direction. For people who have no time or cooking skills to prepare meals, prepared food has become a convenient solution to the fast-paced nature of modern life.   While the rapid growth of the prepared food market in China has provided convenient choices for busy lifestyles, offering different kinds of food from frozen ready-to-eat meals to canned products, worries still stay regarding the nutritional (营养的) quality of precooked food, health standards, and the environmental influence of packing materials, especially when it comes to introducing prepared food into schools. Achieving a balance among these considerations, while keeping the convenience, taste, and safety of the food, is of great importance for the future of the precooked food industry. 1 of China’s prepared food industry Introduction of the topic The history of prepared food 2 a long time ago. In China, prepared food started late and has developed through three 3 stages. Stage 1: Around 2000 Restaurants 4 prepared food to suit the busy lives and new eating habits of city people. Later, it became a 5 part of daily life. Stage 2: The standstill period Stage 2 lasted until 2013. China’s prepared food industry grew 6 because there was no great development in the food processing technology. Stage 3: The period of rapid growth The development of the take-out industry has increased the need for convenient food and made prepared food grow 7 . It becomes more popular as people’s lifestyles 8 . Its convenience helps people 9 time or cooking skills. Conclusion It’s 10 to find a good balance among the nutritional quality, health standards and the environmental influence. Passage 10 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。 Many people dream of going on a great travel adventure（探险）. Most of us keep dreaming; others make it happen. Gregg Bleakney’s dream was to travel the Americas from top to bottom. He got the idea after he finished a 1,600-kilometer bike ride. Gregg’s friend, Brooks Allen, was also a cyclist. The two friends talked and had the plan: they would travel from Alaska to Argentia by bike. To pay for the journey, Gregg and Brooks worked and saved money for years. Once they were on road, they often camped outdoors or stayed in rest houses so that they wouldn’t spend so much. In many places along their journey, local people opened their homes to the two friends and gave them food. During their trip, Gregg and Brooks cycled through desert, rainforest, and mountains. They visited different places. And everywhere they went they met other cyclists from all over the world. Two years, twelve countries, and over 30,500 km later—Gregg finally got to the city Ushuaia, Argentina, at the top of South America. Gregg and Brooks kept a record（记录）of their adventures in an online blog. The trip taught both men a lot about travelling. Here is what Gregg advises travellers: Travel light. The fewer things you take, the less you’ll worry about. Make flexible plans. Don’t plan everything, then you’ll be more relaxed and happier. Make yourself a polite person. As one traveler told Gregg, “Always remember that nobody wants to fight, cheat, or rob a nice guy.” Travel Adventure: From Alaska 1 Argentina Two cyclists, Gregg Bleakney and Brooks Allen, travelled the Americas from top to bottom. Planning The 2 came to Gregg after he finished a long bike ride. Then he 3 it with Brooks and they made the plan. Paying for the trip *They saved money for years. *To spend 4 money, they stayed in camps and rest houses at night. *Local people were 5 enough to welcome them and offer them food. 6 during the trip They cycled through different places and visited many places. They met different 7 . The end of the trip After travelling 30,500 km, they finally 8 the southernmost city in the world two years later. Advice from Gregg To 9 less, you should take fewer things with you. Make flexible plans. Be 10 . Passage 11 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后1-10小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。 Women make up 50 percent of world’s population and yet they are not treated equally. They hold less than one-fifth of the all parliamentary (议会) seats around the world， occupy less than 19 percent of board (董事会) seats in Fortune 500 companies and earn 17 percent less than men for similar skills and positions. As a group， they are passed over and looked down on. On March 8 every year， millions of women around the world celebrate International Women’s Day. It is possible that you may not have heard about the International Women’s Day in the United States. Yet Women's Day had its origin in the United States. Women’s Day was first celebrated in February 1909 in the US to mark the one-year anniversary of the New York Garment Worker’s Strike of 1908. Women used the chance to fight against warring and fight for women’s vote rights. Did you know that it was a Women’s Day protest in St. Petersburg in 1917， which led to the revolution (革命) for bringing down the Russian empire? After the Russian revolution， Women’s Day came to be celebrated as a communist (共产主义的) or socialist (社会主义的) holiday. As a result， the United States government didn’t accept it as a holiday. Today Women’s Day is celebrated in places such as China and Russia as a sort of state-approved Valentine's Day or Mother's Day. The tradition in these countries is to give flowers and gifts to the important women in one's life. In 1975， the United Nations officially announced March 8 as International Women’s Day. Since then， it has been a practice to suggest an annual theme for each year. The theme for 2016 is "Pledge For Parity." It calls on women and men to challenge the present state and inspire positive change in their communities and workplaces. There is a lot that needs to be done. As a society， we need to offer women and girls chances to make their dreams come true， have equal chances for leadership， respect and value differences， and develop a better work environment. This day challenges and reminds that everyone can be a leader in their own small way and can take positive steps to bring about gender equality. Our world can truly be balanced when we use the potential that women have to offer. As we prepare children for the future， it is important that girls and women not be left behind. Women’s present situation Women make up 1 of the world’s population. Women get 2 chances and less money while working. 3 of Women’s Day It was first celebrated in the US in 1909. The Women’s Day protest in 1917 4 the revolution in Russia. It was not 5 as a holiday in the United States. The United Nations 6 March 8th as International Women’s Day in 1975. Ways of celebrating Women’s Day Being 7 as a sort of state-approved Valentine’s Day or Mother’s Day. Flowers and gifts are 8 to the important women in one’s life. 9 of Women’s Day To help 10 women and girls’ dreams. To help women get chances for leadership equally. To develop a better work environment for women. Passage 12 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 Confucius was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu (part of Shandong). He acted as an official there. But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu. In the next 13 years, he travelled around the other states, spreading his ideas. And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a healthy society. However, it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty(156-87 BC) that his ideas were accepted by most people. In his last few years, he returned to Qufu, where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu. Confucius’ teachings formed the base of Chinese thought. Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues（美德）and always do the right thing. Confucius' thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought. To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren (kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li (ceremony, tradition), zhi (knowledge), and xin (trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duties a person has towards their parents. It means loving, respecting and looking after one’s parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society. And “he” is the final goal according to his thought. It means peace between people in society. Here’s one of Confucius’ famous sayings, “Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you.” Another saying of his is “In the company off two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher.” It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. And it will continue to be of great use for the future of China. Confucius: A great thinker and teacher His 1 experience He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu. He acted as an official there. He 2 13 years travelling around to spread his ideas. He returned to Qufu and taught there 3 he died. His thought 4 virtues and doing the right thing Five basic virtues: ren, yi, li, zhi, xin Xiao: to love, respect and take 5 of one’s parents He: to live peacefully 6 others in society Famous 7 Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you. In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of 8 from. His influences on Chinese 9 Forming the base of Chinese thought Being a necessary part of Chinese culture Being very 10 or the future of China Passage 13 阅读短文，根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 We dislike too hot days. Luckily, we have air conditioners and fridges. How did Chinese people stay cool in the hot season before they have air conditioners and fridges? The most common way Chinese people in the past kept cool was to use fans. Many fans had poems or drawings on them. Beginning in the Sui dynasty(朝代), Chinese people started to use porcelain pillows(瓷枕). These pillows felt cool, so people could sleep well on them. People in old times didn't have fridges to make ice.  Instead, they collected ice in winter and kept it underground, sometimes in wells(井). When summer came, they got the ice out and put it in their living rooms to cool them down. Rich people and members of the king family had more expensive ways to keep cool. As early as the Han dynasty, some people used a tool(工具) like modern electrical fans. It was made of a wheel(轮子) and some fan blades(叶片). A person would pull a rope to make the wheel spin(转) and then the blades would spin around fast. In the Tang dynasty, people found a way to make their whole house cool. They built their houses next to the water, used some machines to carry water to the top of the house, and made it flow down from the eaves(屋檐). This man-made waterfall brought cool air into the house. How people kept cool in the past Different 1 in different times Fans: It was very common for people to use fans with 2 or drawings on them. Porcelain pillows: In the Sui dynasty, 3 people began to sleep on porcelain pillows 4 these pillows were cool. Ice: In winter, ice was collected and stored, and then in 5 , people got the ice out and put it in houses to make the temperature 6 7 fans: In the Han dynasty, a tool like modern electrical fans was used by only a small number of people, for it was 8 Water: In the 9 dynasty, people kept their houses cool by making 10   waterfalls. Passage 14 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。 Claude Monet's paintings were quite different from the art styles that were popular in the 1870s France. Traditional artists always did their artwork in a studio and their paintings were realistic-they looked exactly like the real world. Claude Monet was part of a group of painters who were called Impressionists(印象派画家). Their paintings were light and a bit fuzzy-they gave an impression of what the real world looked like. Sometimes Impressionists worked outside, which was a very unusual thought in their time. Impressionism received its name from an early painting by Claude Monet titled impression, Sunrise. Knowing that trains were interesting subjects and represented modern progress, Claude Monet crated a series of Impressionist paintings of trains from January to March of 1877. He worked on his paintings right on the train platform at the Gare Saint-Lazare, the train station on Saint Lazare Street. Although there were many train stations in Paris, this was the first train station built in Paris so it had historical significance(意义). Monet’s friend, Impressionist painter Pierre Auguste Renoir, told the following story to his sons about Claude Monet and painting the trains. Monet needed permission(允许)to spend time on the train platform and paint what he saw in his impressionistic style. One day Monet dressed himself in his very best suit along with a fine top hat, a good linen shirt and a silk tie. He appeared to be a wealthy gentleman while he really was a poor painter. When he went towards the clerk at the train office, he presented his calling card which introduced him as Claude Monet, Painter. He asked to see the station master. The clerk quickly allowed this fine gentleman to enter the station master's office. The station master was also impressed and gave Monet permission to paint on the train platform. The station master even kept trains from leaving on time so Monet could complete a scene even though passengers complained. Was it all worthwhile(值得)? Monet’s train scenes turned his career into a success and for the station master, made his train station famous until even now. Claude Monet Introduction ◆Claude Monet was one of the Impressionist painters whose paintings were not the 1 as the popular art styles in the 1870s France. ◆Impressionist paintings gave an impression of 2 the real world looked. ◆He helped Impressionism get its 3 by his painting Impression, Sunrise. A 4 of painting trains ◆At that time trains were subjects that could keep people’s 5 and represented modern progress. ◆He created paintings of trains 6 January and March in 1877, at the train station with the longest 7 in Paris. ◆He dressed himself as a wealthy gentleman to win the station master’s   8 . ◆In order to help Monet complete a scene, the station master even made trains leave 9 than they should do. Result ◆His train scenes made not only his career 10 but also the train station famous. Passage 15 Venice, a city in the northeast of Italy, is famous throughout the world for its buildings and romantic canals (运河). But in February every year, people come to Venice for another reason. The city carnival (狂欢节) fills the place with excitement and fun. This year, the celebration runs from 4 to 21 February. Colourful costurnes have always played a very important role in the Venetian carnival. The carnival happens at the start of the Christian fasting (斋戒) period of Lent. It was traditionally a time to go a bit crazy with eating, drinking, dancing and dressing up before the fast began. People used masks to hide their social identity so that the nobility (贵族) would look no different from the commoners. Today the carnival is largely for the tourists. “Venetians don’t dress up for the carnival after the age of ten,” Giuseppina Giudice, who has lived in the city all her life, said to The Guardian（卫报）. “All we see of the carnival is a river of strangers who flow into town to feel ‘Venetian’. They fill it, buy a cheap mask and leave with nothing but photographs of St Mark’s Square.” Some locals want to bring back the original (最初的) feel of the carnival. In 2009, two social networking groups started organizing their own carnival. Visitors were invited. There were no expensive tickets or fancy ball dresses—just an old-fashioned Italian street party. “Tourists are welcome to our party—the more we can show them about the real Venice rather than the postcard Venice, the better,” Matteo Secchi, one of the organizers, told The Guardian. The carnival of Venice Location Venice lies in the 1 of Italy. 2 This year people 3 the carnival from 4 to 21 February.     Traditions ♦It was a time to go a little 4 with eating, drinking, dancing and dressing up before fasting began. ♦People often wore 5 to hide their social identity. 6 situations ♦Today the festival is largely for people who come for a 7 . ♦Some local people want to bring back the original 8 of the carnival. ♦In 2009, two social networking groups 9 their own carnival. They wanted to show what an old-fashioned Italian street 10 should be like. 18 / 18乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前语法精练 专题J814阅读填表 单元话题特训（新教材译林版） Unit 1 Past and present 过去与现在 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 初阶练手 进阶提升 能力突破 Passage 1 I was happy in those days before I started going to school. Because I had good neighbors to play with. I played with them from morning to evening. We played games outdoors, dressed up as cowboys and rode around on our tricycles (三轮车) happily. At the age of five, I had to go to kindergarten (幼儿园) and it was quite hard for me at first. I felt very sad about having to leave my mother each morning. I cried and wanted my mother around. As the days went by, however, I made friends easily in my class. I became happy again and looked forward to leaving my house each morning. I still remember those days when I was learning to ride a bicycle. I fell several times but I never gave up. Finally, I was able to join my friends riding around on my bike. Another memory I like is the end-of-year concert held at the kindergarten. I was chosen to play the role of Jack in the play, Jack and the Magic Beans. I became the superstar that night and received praise for my performance. What a wonderful childhood I had! At times I really wish I could go back to those days. Title: My 1 Before going to school I played with my good 2 happily every day. We played lots of games like 3 up as cowboys and riding around on tricycles. At the age of 4 I had to begin my kindergarten life. I felt very sad to 5 my mother every morning. After I made friends in my class, I became happy again and couldn’t 6 to leave my house every morning. The days of learning to ride a bicycle I fell a few times but I 7 give up. In the end I 8 ride around with my friends. The memory about the concert at the kindergarten The concert was held at the 9 of the year. I played the role of Jack in the play, Jack and the Magic Beans. I became the superstar and received 10 for my performance. 【答案】 1. childhood 2. neighbors 3. dressing 4. five 5. leave 6. wait 7. didn’t 8. could 9. end 10. praise 【分析】本文作者讲述了快乐美好的童年。 1. 句意：标题：我的童年。 本文讲述了作者美好的童年故事。回忆了自己与小伙伴们一起做游戏。学骑自行车，以及在幼儿园度过的快乐时光。可知本文标题是“我的童年”；故答案是childhood。 2. 句意：我每天都和我的好邻居玩得很开心。 根据第1段第2和3句Because I had good neighbors to play with. I played with them from morning to evening.（因为我有可以和他玩的好邻居。我从早到晚和他们一起玩。）可知“我每天都和我的好邻居玩得很开心。”故填neighbors。 3. 句意：我们玩了很多游戏，比如扮成牛仔，骑三轮车。 根据第1段第3句We played games outdoors, dressed up as cowboys and rode around on our tricycles (三轮车) happily.（我们在户外玩游戏，打扮成牛仔，快乐地骑着三轮车到处转悠。）可知“我们玩了很多游戏，比如扮成牛仔，骑三轮车。”like是介词，后面跟动词使用ing形式；dress up as：扮成…；故填dressing。 4. 句意：在五岁的时候。 根据第2段第1句At the age of five, I had to go to kindergarten (幼儿园) and it was quite hard for me at first.（五岁的时候，我不得不去幼儿园，刚开始对我来说很困难。）和表格右边内容可知是“在五岁的时候”；故填five。 5. 句意：每天早上离开母亲我感到很难过。 根据第2段第2句I felt very sad about having to leave my mother each morning.（每天早上不得不离开母亲，我感到很难过。）可知“每天早上离开母亲我感到很难过。”feel sad to do sth.：做某事感到难过；故答案是leave。 6. 句意：当我在班上交了朋友后，我又高兴起来，迫不及待地每天早上离开家。 根据第2段 第4和5句As the days went by, however, I made friends easily in my class. I became happy again and looked forward to leaving my house each morning.（然而，日子一天天过去，我在班上很容易交到朋友。我又高兴起来了，期待着每天早上离开我的家。）可知“当我在班上交了朋友后，我又高兴起来，迫不及待地每天早上离开家。” Look forward to do sth.：盼望做某事，意思是“can’t wait to do sth.：迫不及待做某事”；故填wait。 7. 句意：我摔倒过几次，但我没有放弃。 根据第3段第2句I fell several times but I never gave up.（我摔倒了好几次，但从未放弃。）可知“我摔倒过几次，但我没有放弃。”never gave up：从不放弃，意思是“didn’t give up”，didn’t后面跟动词原形；故答案是didn’t。 8. 句意：最后我可以和我的朋友们一起骑车。 根据第3段第3句Finally, I was able to join my friends riding around on my bike.（最后，我能和朋友们一起骑自行车四处转转。）可知“最后我可以和我的朋友们一起骑车。”was able to能够，意思是“could”；故答案是could。 9. 句意：音乐会在年底举行。 根据第4第四段第1句Another memory I like is the end-of-year concert held at the kindergarten.（我喜欢的另一个记忆是在幼儿园举办的年终音乐会。）可知音乐会在年底举行。at the end of the year：在年终，在年底；故答案是end。 10. 句意：我成为了超级明星，并因我的表演而受到表扬。 根据第4第四段最后1句I became the superstar that night and received praise for my performance.（那天晚上我成了超级明星，因为我的表演而受到表扬。）可知填praise。 Passage 2 The world has two important parts. One half of the world is rich and the other half is poor. In the poor part, a lot of people never get enough to eat. In the rich part, a lot of people eat too much. In one part, children are hungry and in the other, a lot of people are fatter and fatter and have to go on diets or do some exercise to lose weight. For example, a dog or a cat in North America eats better than a child in the poorer countries. The poor countries have some difficult problems. Sometimes the land is too poor to grow anything on. The land can get better, but people have to do a lot of things first. More experts (专家) should go there to teach people how to enrich their land and how to find water. But rich countries have problems, too. They are not always pleasant places to live in. Sometimes the air is too dirty to breathe (呼吸) and the rivers are too dirty to swim in or to take water. The roads and the streets are full of people and buses. Cars usually move very slowly. Noise is terrible. A lot of people do not have houses to live in. People must do something about these problems. We should do something to make the air and the rivers clean and build more houses. But it will take a long time. Different lives in the world Countries In 1 countries In rich countries Phenomena (现象) A lot of people there can not have 2 food to eat. People in rich countries eat too much. Children are 3 . Many people have to 4 weight by going on a diet or exercising. Difficult problems The land is too poor for plants to 5 on. The air and the rivers are 6 . There are a lot of 7 and people in the roads and the streets. Solutions (解决方法) People should learn how to 8 their land and find the water. Make the air and the river 9 and 10 more houses. 【答案】 1. poor 2. enough 3. hungry 4. lose 5. grow 6. dirty 7. buses 8. enrich 9. clean 10. build 【分析】本文介绍了世界上富有的国家和贫穷的国家有不同的现象，面临的不同的问题以及应该采取的不同的解决方法。 1. 根据“The world has two important parts. One half of the world is rich and the other half is poor.”可知，世界上有两种重要部分，一种是富有的国家，另一种是贫穷的国家，故填poor。 2. 根据“In the poor part, a lot of people never get enough to eat.”可知，在贫穷的国家里，孩子们没有足够的食物吃，故填enough。 3. 根据“In one part, children are hungry and in the other, ”可知，在贫穷的国家里，孩子们非常饥饿，故填hungry。 4. 根据“In one part, children are hungry and in the other, a lot of people are fatter and fatter and have to go on diets or do some exercise to lose weight. ”可知，在富有的国家里，人们必须节食或做运动来减肥，故填lose。 5. 根据“Sometimes the land is too poor to grow anything on.”可知，在贫穷的国家里，土地太贫瘠了而无法种植任何东西，故填grow。 6. 根据“Sometimes the air is too dirty to breathe (呼吸) and the rivers are too dirty to swim in or to take water.”可知，在富有的国家里，空气和河流太脏了，故填dirty。 7. 根据“The roads and the streets are full of people and buses. ”可知，在富有的国家里，路上有很多人和很多公交车，故填buses。 8. 根据“More experts (专家) should go there to teach people how to enrich their land and how to find water.”可知，在贫穷的国家里，人们应该学会如何肥沃他们的土地，故填enrich。 9. 根据“We should do something to make the air and the rivers clean and build more houses.”可知，在富有的国家里，人们应该采取措施让空气和河流干净，故填clean。 10. 根据“We should do something to make the air and the rivers clean and build more houses.”可知，在富有的国家里，人们应该采取措施建造更多的房子，故填build。 Passage 3 阅读下列短文,根据短文信息完成文后表格。在标有题号的横线上,写出空缺处所填单词的 正确形式。 Hi! My name is Robin. I live in a town in the east of Shanghai. Over the last twenty years, great changes have taken place here. In the past, my hometown was only a small village. There were no tall buildings. But now more and more tall buildings appear and the roads get wider. My father used to work in a small post office. We kept in touch with each other mainly by sending letters. Now we can use telephones, mobile phones, the Internet to contact each other. The world becomes smaller and smaller. We can find our life more comfortable. We live in big flats. We enjoy milk, vegetables, fruit and meat for meals. We can also enjoy wonderful films and listen to music with MP5 players or mobile phones. In the past, we couldn’t enjoy life like this. On the other hand, pollution has become a serious problem in our daily life. In the past, there were not many factories. So the water was clean and the air was fresh. However, the water and the air aren’t clean any more, because too many factories have polluted them. The government has taken action to reduce the pollution. Now things have been better. I am sure my hometown will be more and more beautiful. 1 in Robin’s Life Robin lives in a town in the 2 part of Shanghai. In the past ◇The town was a small 3 twenty years ago. ◇There were no tall buildings and 4 roads. ◇People 5 letters to keep in touch with each other.◇The water and the air were clean because of fewer 6 . At 7 ◇Life is also 8 . People can enjoy all kinds of nice food. ◇Life is also becoming 9 . People can see films, listen to music and take part in other activities. ◇The pollution has been serious. The government has taken action to work out the 10 Robin is sure his hometown will be more and more beautiful. 【答案】 1. Changes 2. eastern 3. village 4. wide 5. sent 6. factories 7. present 8. comfortable 9. enjoyable 10. problem 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了生活在上海东部的一个小镇的Robin在过去的二十年里，他的生活发生的巨大的变化。 1. 根据表格提示及“Over the last twenty years, great changes have taken place here.”在过去的20多年里，这里发生了很大的变化。可知本文主要讲述了作者家乡的变化。change变化，根据短文可知，这些年作者家乡变化很多，故此处用复数。Changes in Robin’s life罗宾生活中的变化。故填Changes。 2. 根据表格提示及“I live in a town in the east of Shanghai.”我住在上海东部的一个小镇上，可知此处需要填写含义“东部的”，eastern形容词，东部的，在表格句中修饰part，做定语。故填eastern。 3. 根据表格提示及“In the past, my hometown was only a small village.”在过去，我们家乡只是一个小村庄，可知二十年前这个小镇是一个小村庄。village名词，村庄。故填village。 4. 根据表格提示及第二段“There were no tall buildings. But now more and more tall buildings appear and the roads get wider.” “这里没有高楼。但现在越来越多的高楼出现，道路变得更宽。”可知原来也没有宽阔的道路。wide形容词，宽阔的，修饰名词road，在句中作定语。故填wide。 5. 根据表格提示及第二段“We kept in touch with each other mainly by sending letters.”“我们主要通过寄信来保持联系。”可知，人们通过寄信保持联系。本句缺少谓语动词，表示“寄信”，本句时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。send动词，发送，寄，过去式为sent。故填sent。 6. 根据表格提示及第四段“In the past, there were not many factories. So the water was clean and the air was fresh.”“在过去，这里没有很多工厂。所以水是清澈的，空气是清新的。”可知，过去，水和空气是清洁的是因为没有几个工厂。factory工厂，可数名词，复数为factories，因此处有fewer修饰，可数名词用复数，故填factories。 7. 与上一栏In the past相对应，这一栏是在说现在。at present现在，固定搭配。故填present。 8. 根据表格提示及第三段“We can find our life more comfortable. We live in big flats. We enjoy milk, vegetables, fruit and meat for meals.”“我们会发现我们的生活更舒适。我们住在大公寓里。我们喜欢吃牛奶、蔬菜、水果和肉。”可知人们的生活很舒适。comfortable形容词，舒适的，舒服的。故填comfortable。 9. 根据表格提示及第三段“We can also enjoy wonderful films and listen to music with MP5 players or mobile phones.”“我们还可以欣赏精彩的电影，用MP5播放器或手机听音乐。”可知生活也正变得有乐趣的。因文中原句中有enjoy动词，欣赏，享受，其形容词形式为enjoyable。故填enjoyable。 10. 根据表格提示及第四段“The government has taken action to reduce the pollution.”“政府已经采取措施减少污染。”可知政府已经采取措施解决问题。work out 解决；problem名词，问题，此处用单数，表示污染这个问题，故填problem。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填写表格，每空限填一词。     Over the last few centuries, there have been many changes in our lives.     To start with, people were not able to travel such a long distance in such a short time in the past. Planes were not very popular at that time because they used to be a very expensive way to travel. Nowadays, we have fast, comfortable cars, and more and more people can travel by plane.     Secondly, in the past, people had to work much harder because they did not have the tools that we have today. Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is done by computers and machines.     Thirdly, in the past, the living conditions were not as good as they are now. There were no bathrooms or running water in many houses, and people could not buy lots of things like fridges, TV sets or washing machines. Now, most families have several of these things.     Finally, nowadays, more and more people have the chance to get a good education. In the past, there were fewer schools and the quality of education was much poorer. Also, it is much easier to find the educational materials that you need on the Internet now.     The scientific and technological development in the world is amazing. Life now is much faster and busier than it used to be. And we are still creating new things to make our lives better and easier. Title: 1 in our lives In the past Today Transportation People couldn’t 2 very far in a short time. Planes were not so popular. People have fast cars; more people can travel by 3 . Work People worked much 4 . The difficult work can be done by 5 and machines. 6 conditions People couldn’t live as 7 as we do now. People can buy 8 things like fridges, TV sets or washing machines. Education There were fewer schools. They had 9 quality of education. More and more people have the 10 to get a good education. 【答案】 1. changes 2. travel 3. plane 4. harder 5. computers 6. Living 7. well 8. many 9. poor/poorer 10. chance 【导语】本文从交通、工作、生活、教育等方面描述了我们生活的变化。 1. 根据“Over the last few centuries, there have been many changes in our lives.”可知，本文讲述了我们的生活跟过去几个世纪相比发生的变化。故填changes。 2. 根据“people were not able to travel such a long distance in such a short time in the past.”可知，过去，人们不能在短时间内旅行得很远。故填travel。 3. 根据“...and more and more people can travel by plane.”可知，现在，越来越多的人乘飞机出行。故填plane。 4. 根据“in the past, people had to work much harder”可知，过去的人们要更努力地工作。故填harder。 5. 根据“Today, most of the difficult and dangerous work is done by computers and machines.”可知，现在，很多工作可以让电脑和机器完成。故填computers。 6. 根据“Thirdly, in the past, the living conditions were not as good as they are now.”可知，接下来谈到的是生活条件的变化。故填Living。 7. 根据“Thirdly, in the past, the living conditions were not as good as they are now.”可知，过去人们过得不如现在好，副词well修饰动词“live”。故填well。 8. 根据“and people could not buy lots of things like fridges, TV sets or washing machines. Now, most families have several of these things.”可知，现在人们能够买许多东西，many“许多”与“lots of”同义。故填many。 9. 根据“In the past, there were fewer schools and the quality of education was much poorer.”可知，过去的教育质量很差，或者说比现在差很多，因此可以用poor的原级或者比较级。故填poor/poorer。 10. 根据“nowadays, more and more people have the chance to get a good education.”可知，现在人们有接受良好教育的机会。故填chance。 Passage 5 A 10-year-old boy decided to learn judo though he had lost his left arm in a car accident. The boy was doing well, so he couldn’t understand why, after three months of training, the master had taught him only one move. “ Master,” the boy finally asked, “shouldn’t I be learning more moves?” “ This is the only move you know, but this is the only move you’ll ever need to know,” the teacher answered. Several months later, the teacher took the boy to his first competition. Surprising himself, the boy easily won his first two matches. The third match proved to be more difficult, but after some time, his opponent (对手) became impatient and charged; the boy skillfully used his one move to win the match. Still amazed by his success, the boy was now in the final. This time, his opponent was bigger, stronger, and more experienced. Soon after the match started, the boy seemed to lose. Thinking that the boy might get hurt, the judge called a time-out. He was going to stop the match when the teacher appeared. “ No,” the teacher said, “Let him continue.” A short time after the match carried on, his opponent made a careless mistake. At once, the boy used his move to pin (压住) him. The boy won the match and the competition. On the way home, the boy asked the teacher what was really in his mind. “ Why could I win the competition with only one move?” The teacher answered. “ First, you’ve mastered one of the most difficult throws in judo. Second, your opponent can only attack your left arm to win you.” 根据短文内容完成下面的表格，每空一词。 Title: One’s weakness can become his 1 A boy had lost left arm, 2 he decided to learn judo After three months of training, the master taught him only one move. His first 3 First three matches He won. Final His opponent was bigger, 4 and more 5 . At the 6 , the boy seemed to lose the match. The judge was 7 that the boy might get hurt and called a time-out. His opponent made a mistake. The boy used his move and pinned him. He became the   8 of the match. 9 1. He had almost mastered one of the most difficult throws in all of judo. 2. The opponent can win the match by 10 your left arm. 【答案】 1. strength/advantage 2. but 3. competition 4. stronger 5. experienced 6. beginning 7. afraid/worried 8. winner 9. Reason(s) 10. attacking 【分析】短文介绍的一个失去左臂的男孩学柔道的故事。老师只教了一个动作，却赢得了三场比赛的胜利，男孩对自己的成功感到惊讶，老师回答。“首先，你掌握了柔道中最难的一个投掷动作。其次，你的对手只能攻击你的左臂来赢得你。” 1. 考查反义词：从前面的weakness“弱项”可知是填反义词：strength/advantage“强项” 2. 考查连词：从第一段的句子：A 10-year-old boy decided to learn judo though he had lost his left arm in a car accident.可知连词变成 but 。 3. 原词重现：从第三段的句子：Several months later, the teacher took the boy to his first competition.可知填competition。 4. 原词重现：从第四段的句子：This time, his opponent was bigger, stronger, and more experienced. 可知填stronger。 5. 原词重现：从第四段的句子：This time, his opponent was bigger, stronger, and more experienced. 可知填experienced。 6. 词形转化题：从第四段的句子： Soon after the match started, 可知是比赛开始不久：beginning。 7. 词义转化题：从第四段的句子：Thinking that the boy might get hurt,可知裁判害怕男孩受伤：afraid/worried。 8. 词性转化题：从第四段的句子：The boy won the match and the competition. 可知男孩获胜了。winner。 9. 词义转化：从最后一段的句子：Why could I win the competition with only one move?”可知填Reason(s) 。 10. 词形转化：从最后一段的Second, your opponent can only attack your left arm to win you.”可知attack改成attacking。 Passage 6 Jane was on her way home at 6 o’clock. It was getting dark. As she drove into her community, she noticed a man. She saw the man walking along the sidewalk next to some houses. He didn’t live in any of those houses. She had seen this man several times before. He looked like a criminal (罪犯). She drove by him. He looked at her car as she drove by. She continued driving and watched him in her rear view mirror (后视镜) . She got to the corner and stopped. She continued to watch him walking in her direction. Suddenly, he turned left up a driveway (车道). A red SUV was parked in the driveway right next to the sidewalk. She saw him walk up to the driver’s door and put his hand on the handle (把手) . Then he returned to the sidewalk and went on to walk towards her. “What is that all about?” Jane wondered. Then she realized that he had tested the door to see if it was locked. “He is a criminal,” she thought. “That’s what he does. He just walks in our neighbourhood looking for cars to break into.” She called the police and described the man. The police officer said he knew who the man was. The people in the community called two or three times this week to report him walking by. But the police couldn’t arrest (逮捕) him for walking around unless they caught him with stolen things. “But he was testing that SUV door to see if it was unlocked,” she said. “I’m sorry,” said the officer. “That’s forbidden (禁止) according to the law. If you see him actually steal something, please give us a call.” Is He a Thief? Background 1 It was getting darker. Jane was 2 home when she noticed a man who she had seen several times before. Details of the story The man He was walking in Jane’s 3 and then suddenly turned left. He walked up to an SUV, put his hand on the handle of the driver’s door and then 4 walking. Jane She 5 the man all the time. She was sure the man was a criminal, 6 she called the police. She 7 the man’s strange behaviour to the police. The police officer He said the man had been 8 two or three times this week by others. But the man’s behaviour couldn’t 9 to the arrest of him. He said walking around was not 10 the law. 【答案】 1. information 2. driving 3. direction 4. continued 5. watched 6. so 7. described 8. reported 9. lead 10. against 【导语】本文主要讲述了Jane在回家途中经过小区时发现了一个貌似小偷的可疑人物。她报了警，但却没有确凿的证据能够证明他是罪犯，警察告诉她：当她真正看到可疑人偷东西时，再报警。 1. 根据“It was getting darker...when she noticed a man who she had seen several times before.”可知，讲述了天黑时，Jane注意到一个她以前见过好几次的男人。这是交代了故事发生的背景信息。故空处指“信息”，需用不可数名词information。故填information。 2. 根据“It was getting dark. As she drove into her community, she noticed a man. She saw the man walking along the sidewalk next to some houses. She had seen this man several times before.”可知，Jane天黑开车回家时，注意到一个她以前见过好几次的男人。故空处指“开车”，因空前有was，需填drive的现在分词driving，与was构成过去进行时。故填driving。 3. 根据“She continued to watch him walking in her direction. Suddenly, he turned left up a driveway (车道) . ”可知，她继续看着他朝她的方向走去，接着突然左转。故空处指“方向”，其英文为direction。故填direction。 4. 根据“She saw him walk up to the driver’s door and put his hand on the handle (把手) . Then he returned to the sidewalk and went on to walk towards her.”可知，他走向一辆SUV，将手放在驾驶座车门的把手上，然后继续走。故空处指“继续”，需动词过去式continued，与句中went on同义。故填continued。 5. 根据“she noticed a man.”及“She continued driving and watched him in her rear view mirror (后视镜) . ”可知，她一直留意这位男士。故填watched。 6. 根据“ ‘He is a criminal,’ she thought.”以及“She called the police and described the man. ”可知，她认为他是罪犯，所以她给警察打了电话。故填so。 7. 根据“She called the police and described the man.”可知，她给警察打电话并描述了这个人的奇怪行为。故填described。 8. 根据“The people in the community called two or three times this week to report him walking by. ”可知，警察说，社区里的人本周已向他们报告两三次有关这个人的事。故空处指“报告”，其英文为report，再根据“...had been...”可知，此句为过去完成时的被动语态，故空处需用report的过去分词reported。故填reported。 9. 根据“But the police couldn’t arrest (逮捕) him for walking around unless they caught him with stolen things. ”可知，该男子的行为不足以逮捕他。故空处指“导致”，其对应的英文为lead to，为固定短语，couldn’t后跟动词原形。故填lead。 10. 根据最后一段“...said the officer. ‘That’s forbidden (禁止) according to the law. ’ ”可知，这位男士四处走动的行为并未触犯法律。be against表示“反对”。故填against。 Passage 7 阅读下面材料，根据材料内容完成后面表格，每空填一个单词。 Homestays are becoming more and more popular, and people around the world are changing their homes as hotels. Homestays offer cheap places to stay, and the chance (机会) for visitors to see the area like a local. They are very popular with people who want to stay in another country to study or on holiday. We asked three families who run homestays to tell us about where they live. The Atal family Our family home is in a small village in the north of Pakistan, in the Himalayan mountains. The village is quite small and very quiet. The mountains are very beautiful. You can go for long walks and go swimming in the rivers but there are no shops, cinemas or cafes. Kate and Julian Foxton Our two-bed house is by the sea in the south-west of England. It is about five minutes’ drive to the nearest village of Portreath. There are lots of beaches, rivers and forests and it is very quiet. We spend a lot of time reading books, watching films and going for walks. Our area is great for surfing, swimming and mountain biking. However, the houses here are expensive, which can be a problem for local people. There are no buses or trains here, so it can be difficult to get around without a car. Chafic and Aline Halwany Our home is near the centre of Beirut, Lebanon, one of the largest cities in the Middle East. There are lots of cafes and restaurants, which open late at night. We love it here because it’s so friendly and you can always find what you need—lots of people come to stay to learn Arabic and French. However, it can be noisy at night, and there is quite a lot of traffic during the day. Homestay holidays—A home 1 from home Families Advantages (优点) Disadvantages The Atal family (Pakistan) It’s in a small and quiet village in beautiful mountains. People can 2 and swim there. There are no shops, cinemas or cafes. Kate and Julian Foxton 3 It takes a short 4 to the beaches, rivers and forests by car. It’s a good place for 5 like surfing, swimming and mountain biking. Houses here are not 6 . It’s not 7 to get around without a car. Chafic and Aline Halwany (Lebanon) Lots of cafes and restaurants 8 at night. You can always find 9 you need. There is much 10 at night and lot of traffic during the day. 【答案】 1. away 2. walk 3. England 4. time 5. sports 6. cheap 7. easy 8. open 9. what/anything/everything 10. noise 【导语】本文主要介绍了寄宿家庭越来越受欢迎，并介绍了三个经营寄宿家庭的一些情况。 1. 通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了寄宿家庭的情况，这就像是你家之外的另一个家，a home away from home表示“家外之家”。故填away。 2. 根据“You can go for long walks and swim in the rivers”可知，人们可以散步和游泳，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填walk。 3. 根据“Our two-bed house is by the sea in the south-west of England”可知，这个寄宿家庭在英国的西南部。故填England。 4. 根据“It is about five minutes’ drive to the nearest village of Portreath. There are lots of beaches, rivers and forests and it is very quiet”可知，花很短的时间就可以到达海边，a short time“很短的时间”。故填time。 5. 根据“Our area is great for sports like surfing, kayaking and mountain biking”可知，这是做运动的好地方。故填sports。 6. 根据“However, the houses here are expensive”可知，这的房子很贵，也即是不便宜，cheap“便宜的”。故填cheap。 7. 根据“There are no buses or trains here, so it can be difficult to get around without a car.”可知，没有车很难四处走动，difficult“困难的”，等于not easy。故填easy。 8. 根据“There are lots of cafes and restaurants, which open late at night”可知，晚上有许多咖啡馆和餐厅营业，故填open。 9. 根据“We love it here because it’s so friendly and you can always find what you need”可知，在这里可以找到你需要的东西/任何东西/一切。故填what/anything/everything。 10. 根据“However, it can be noisy at night, and there is quite a lot of traffic during the day.”可知，晚上很吵闹，much后跟不可数名词noise“噪音”。故填noise。 Passage 8 Maps mark seas, countries, cities and our homes, and guide us through the world. To know them better, let’s take a look at how maps have changed over the centuries. Many ancient countries used maps. One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls (公牛) is a map of the stars. The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map, which shows Babylon and its neighbouring towns on the stone. Claudius Ptolemy made maps go worldwide. Born in Egypt around 100 CE, he was the first person to try to make a world map.With the help of Maths, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa. Perhaps the most commonly used world map is the Mercator projection. It was introduced in 1569 by Gerardus Mercator. An important part of maps is the imaginary lines of longitude, latitude and the equator (赤道). Mercator took the globe and made it flat, but to do this, he had to make the areas further north and south larger, while the areas nearer the middle stay about the right size. The reason for this is that the Earth is like a ball, but a map is flat. It is easy to find places, but some people said it was unfair because places, including Canada, the UK and Europe, appeared much bigger than they really were. In the 19th and 20th centuries, modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly. Today, many people view maps on their phones. Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth. Scientists are also trying to map the past by using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). This invention will collect light from stars and may find the secrets about the beginning of the universe (宇宙). The 1 of Maps Maps provide us with information of 2 . Ancient maps * One of the first maps is a map of the 3 from around 16,500 years ago. * The 4 earthly map is the Babylonian Map of the World. 5 maps * The first world map was drawn by using 6 . * The imaginary lines introduced to the Mercator Projection made it most commonly used, but it still needed 7 . Maps and 8 technology * Maps can be used on the 9 . * Maps can help us know more about the 10 and the universe through JWST. 【答案】 1. History/Development/Changes 2. geography 3. stars 4. oldest 5. World 6. Maths 7. improvement/improving 8. modern 9. phones 10. Earth 【导语】本文主要介绍了地图在几个世纪以来的发展演变，从古代的星图、最古老的地球地图，到托勒密的世界地图、墨卡托投影地图，再到现代技术支持下的精准地图，展现了地图如何帮助我们认识世界、探索宇宙。 1. 通读全文，文章主要介绍了地图的历史演变，故表格主题为“地图的历史/发展/变化”，History/Development/Changes均符合，首字母大写。故填History/Development/Changes。 2. 根据“Maps mark seas, countries,cities and our homes…”可知，地图提供地理信息，geography“地理”符合语境。故填geography。 3. 根据“One of the first is thought to have been drawn on the wall in Lascaux, France, around 16,500 years ago. Hidden among the drawings of birds and bulls is a map of the stars.”可知，最早的地图之一是星图。故填stars。 4. 根据“The Babylonian Map of the World is the oldest known earthly map…”可知，巴比伦世界地图是最古老的地球地图，oldest“最古老的”。故填oldest。 5. 根据第三、四、五段可知本部分主要介绍世界地图的发展，文中提到“he was the first person to try to make a world map”和“the most commonly used world map is the Mercator projection”，均围绕world map展开，故填World。 6. 根据“With the help of Maths, Ptolemy marked around 10,000 locations from Britain to Asia and Africa.”可知，第一幅世界地图是用数学绘制的。故填Maths。 7. 根据“it was unfair because places, including Canada, the UK and Europe,appeared much bigger than they really were”可知，墨卡托投影地图仍需改进, improvement“改进”，名词或improving“改进”，动名词，均符合语境。故填improvement/improving。 8. 根据“modern technology allowed mapmakers to produce maps showing locations exactly”可知，此处指现代技术。故填modern。 9. 根据“Today, many people view maps on their phones.”可知，地图可在手机上使用。故填phones。 10. 根据“Researchers are working to map the floor of the oceans and to locate every tree on Earth.”可知，地图帮助我们更多地了解地球。故填Earth。 Passage 9 阅读并根据下面的短文，在表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 The history of prepared food can go back to ancient times when early humans used methods like drying, smoking, and salting to keep food, so that they could get something to eat during food shortages. In modern times, China’s prepared food industry has a late start and has mainly gone through a three-stage development process. In stage one, which began around 2000, prepared food mainly appeared in some restaurants to meet the needs of busy city life and changing dietary patterns. Over time, it could be found everywhere and entered people’s daily lives. Stage two, known as the standstill (停滞) period, lasted until 2013. During this period, the prepared food industry in China went through slow growth because the food processing technology did not have any great improvements. Stage three marked a period of rapid growth that started in 2014 with the development of the take-out industry. The rise of the take-out industry has created a fast increase in the need for convenient food, driving the growth of the prepared food market. Changes in people’s lifestyles have further sped up this direction. For people who have no time or cooking skills to prepare meals, prepared food has become a convenient solution to the fast-paced nature of modern life.   While the rapid growth of the prepared food market in China has provided convenient choices for busy lifestyles, offering different kinds of food from frozen ready-to-eat meals to canned products, worries still stay regarding the nutritional (营养的) quality of precooked food, health standards, and the environmental influence of packing materials, especially when it comes to introducing prepared food into schools. Achieving a balance among these considerations, while keeping the convenience, taste, and safety of the food, is of great importance for the future of the precooked food industry. 1 of China’s prepared food industry Introduction of the topic The history of prepared food 2 a long time ago. In China, prepared food started late and has developed through three 3 stages. Stage 1: Around 2000 Restaurants 4 prepared food to suit the busy lives and new eating habits of city people. Later, it became a 5 part of daily life. Stage 2: The standstill period Stage 2 lasted until 2013. China’s prepared food industry grew 6 because there was no great development in the food processing technology. Stage 3: The period of rapid growth The development of the take-out industry has increased the need for convenient food and made prepared food grow 7 . It becomes more popular as people’s lifestyles 8 . Its convenience helps people 9 time or cooking skills. Conclusion It’s 10 to find a good balance among the nutritional quality, health standards and the environmental influence. 【答案】 1. Development 2. started 3. main 4. offered/provided 5. common 6. slowly 7. quickly/rapidly/fast 8. change 9. without 10. important 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国预制菜行业的发展历程、快速增长的原因及面临的相关担忧，并强调需平衡各方因素以促进行业未来的发展。 1. 通读全文，文章主要介绍了中国预制菜行业的发展历程（三个阶段），故表格第一行主题为“中国预制菜行业的发展”，development“发展”符合，首字母大写，故填Development。 2. 根据“The history of prepared food can go back to ancient times”可知，预制菜的历史“开始”于很久以前，start“开始”符合，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填started。 3. 根据“China’s prepared food industry has a late start and has mainly gone through a three-stage development process.”可知，是“主要的”三个阶段，main“主要的”符合语境，故填main。 4. 根据“prepared food mainly appeared in some restaurants to meet the needs of busy city life and changing dietary patterns.”可知，餐厅“提供”预制菜，offer/ provide“提供”符合，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填offered/provided。 5. 根据“Over time, it could be found everywhere and entered people’s daily lives.”可知，预制菜成为日常生活中“常见的”一部分，common“常见的”符合语境，故填common。 6. 根据“During this period, the prepared food industry in China went through slow growth”可知，行业“缓慢地”增长，slow“缓慢的”符合，此处用副词修饰动词grew，故填slowly。 7. 根据“Stage three marked a period of rapid growth”可知，预制菜行业“快速地”发展，quickly/rapidly/fast“快速地”符合语境，副词修饰动词grow，故填quickly/rapidly/fast。 8. 根据“Changes in people’s lifestyles have further sped up this direction.”可知，随着生活方式的“改变”，预制菜更受欢迎，change“改变”符合语境，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，谓语动词用原形。故填change。 9. 根据“For people who have no time or cooking skills to prepare meals, prepared food has become a convenient solution to the fast-paced nature of modern life.”可知，预制菜帮助“没有”时间或烹饪技能的人，without“没有”符合语境，故填without。 10. 根据“Achieving a balance among these considerations, while keeping the convenience, taste, and safety of the food, is of great importance for the future of the precooked food industry.”可知，在营养品质、健康标准以及环境影响之间找到一个良好的平衡是很重要的，important“重要的”符合语境，形容词作表语。故填important。 Passage 10 请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。 Many people dream of going on a great travel adventure（探险）. Most of us keep dreaming; others make it happen. Gregg Bleakney’s dream was to travel the Americas from top to bottom. He got the idea after he finished a 1,600-kilometer bike ride. Gregg’s friend, Brooks Allen, was also a cyclist. The two friends talked and had the plan: they would travel from Alaska to Argentia by bike. To pay for the journey, Gregg and Brooks worked and saved money for years. Once they were on road, they often camped outdoors or stayed in rest houses so that they wouldn’t spend so much. In many places along their journey, local people opened their homes to the two friends and gave them food. During their trip, Gregg and Brooks cycled through desert, rainforest, and mountains. They visited different places. And everywhere they went they met other cyclists from all over the world. Two years, twelve countries, and over 30,500 km later—Gregg finally got to the city Ushuaia, Argentina, at the top of South America. Gregg and Brooks kept a record（记录）of their adventures in an online blog. The trip taught both men a lot about travelling. Here is what Gregg advises travellers: Travel light. The fewer things you take, the less you’ll worry about. Make flexible plans. Don’t plan everything, then you’ll be more relaxed and happier. Make yourself a polite person. As one traveler told Gregg, “Always remember that nobody wants to fight, cheat, or rob a nice guy.” Travel Adventure: From Alaska 1 Argentina Two cyclists, Gregg Bleakney and Brooks Allen, travelled the Americas from top to bottom. Planning The 2 came to Gregg after he finished a long bike ride. Then he 3 it with Brooks and they made the plan. Paying for the trip *They saved money for years. *To spend 4 money, they stayed in camps and rest houses at night. *Local people were 5 enough to welcome them and offer them food. 6 during the trip They cycled through different places and visited many places. They met different 7 . The end of the trip After travelling 30,500 km, they finally 8 the southernmost city in the world two years later. Advice from Gregg To 9 less, you should take fewer things with you. Make flexible plans. Be 10 . 【答案】 1. to 2. idea 3. shared 4. less 5. kind 6. Experiences 7. cyclists 8. reached 9. worry 10. polite 【导语】本文讲述了两位好朋友骑自行车从阿拉斯加到阿根廷旅行的冒险经历。 1. 根据“The two friends talked and had the plan: they would travel from Alaska to Argentia by bike.”可知，本文讲述了两位好朋友骑自行车从阿拉斯加到阿根廷旅行的冒险经历。故填to。 2. 根据“He got the idea after he finished a 1,600-kilometer bike ride.”可知，这个想法是在他骑完1600公里的自行车旅程后产生的。故填idea。 3. 根据“The two friends talked and had the plan: they would travel from Alaska to Argentia by bike.”可知，他把这个想法分享给了他的朋友Brooks，并一直制订了计划。根据“it with Brooks”可知此处应用动词短语share sth with sb，此处应用动词share的过去式shared。故填shared。 4. 根据“Once they were on road, they often camped outdoors or stayed in rest houses so that they wouldn’t spend so much.”可知，一旦他们在路上，他们经常在户外露营或住在客栈，这样他们就不会花那么多钱。也就是说，他们在户外露营或住在客栈是为了少花钱，应用形容词less来修饰名词money。故填less。 5. 根据“In many places along their journey, local people opened their homes to the two friends and gave them food.”可知，在旅途中的许多地方，当地人向这两个朋友敞开家门，并给他们食物。说明这些人非常善良，应用形容词kind来表示“善良的”。故填kind。 6. 根据“During their trip, Gregg and Brooks cycled through desert, rainforest, and mountains. They visited different places. And everywhere they went they met other cyclists from all over the world.”可知，此处介绍他们的旅途中的经历，应用experience表示“经历”，此处用其复数形式experiences，且首字母要大写。故填Experiences。 7. 根据“And everywhere they went they met other cyclists from all over the world.”可知，无论他们走到哪里，他们都会遇到来自世界各地的其他自行车手。故填cyclists。 8. 根据“Two years, twelve countries, and over 30,500 km later—Gregg finally got to the city Ushuaia, Argentina, at the top of South America.”可知，两年，12个国家，30500多公里后，格雷格终于到达了位于南美洲顶端的阿根廷城市乌斯怀亚。此处应用动词reach表示“到达”，应用其过去式reached。故填reached。 9. 根据“The fewer things you take, the less you’ll worry about.”可知，为了少担心，少带东西。to后跟动词原形。故填worry。 10. 根据“Make yourself a polite person.”可知要做一个有礼貌的人，be动词后跟形容词polite作表语。故填polite。 Passage 11 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后1-10小题的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。 注意：每个空格只填一个单词。 Women make up 50 percent of world’s population and yet they are not treated equally. They hold less than one-fifth of the all parliamentary (议会) seats around the world， occupy less than 19 percent of board (董事会) seats in Fortune 500 companies and earn 17 percent less than men for similar skills and positions. As a group， they are passed over and looked down on. On March 8 every year， millions of women around the world celebrate International Women’s Day. It is possible that you may not have heard about the International Women’s Day in the United States. Yet Women's Day had its origin in the United States. Women’s Day was first celebrated in February 1909 in the US to mark the one-year anniversary of the New York Garment Worker’s Strike of 1908. Women used the chance to fight against warring and fight for women’s vote rights. Did you know that it was a Women’s Day protest in St. Petersburg in 1917， which led to the revolution (革命) for bringing down the Russian empire? After the Russian revolution， Women’s Day came to be celebrated as a communist (共产主义的) or socialist (社会主义的) holiday. As a result， the United States government didn’t accept it as a holiday. Today Women’s Day is celebrated in places such as China and Russia as a sort of state-approved Valentine's Day or Mother's Day. The tradition in these countries is to give flowers and gifts to the important women in one's life. In 1975， the United Nations officially announced March 8 as International Women’s Day. Since then， it has been a practice to suggest an annual theme for each year. The theme for 2016 is "Pledge For Parity." It calls on women and men to challenge the present state and inspire positive change in their communities and workplaces. There is a lot that needs to be done. As a society， we need to offer women and girls chances to make their dreams come true， have equal chances for leadership， respect and value differences， and develop a better work environment. This day challenges and reminds that everyone can be a leader in their own small way and can take positive steps to bring about gender equality. Our world can truly be balanced when we use the potential that women have to offer. As we prepare children for the future， it is important that girls and women not be left behind. Women’s present situation Women make up 1 of the world’s population. Women get 2 chances and less money while working. 3 of Women’s Day It was first celebrated in the US in 1909. The Women’s Day protest in 1917 4 the revolution in Russia. It was not 5 as a holiday in the United States. The United Nations 6 March 8th as International Women’s Day in 1975. Ways of celebrating Women’s Day Being 7 as a sort of state-approved Valentine’s Day or Mother’s Day. Flowers and gifts are 8 to the important women in one’s life. 9 of Women’s Day To help 10 women and girls’ dreams. To help women get chances for leadership equally. To develop a better work environment for women. 【答案】 1. half 2. fewer 3. History 4. caused 5. accepted 6. announced 7. celebrated 8. given 9. Purposes/Aims/Goals 10. achieve/realize 【分析】试题分析： 本文主要介绍了当今妇女的经济、政治地位等现状，以及国际妇女节的历史、庆祝方式和宗旨。 1. 根据短文第一句Women make up 50 percent of world’s population and yet they are not treated equally可知，妇女占世界人口的一半。Half一半；half of……中的一半。故填half。 2. 根据短文第一段第二句…occupy less than 19 percent of board (董事会) seats in Fortune 500 companies and earn 17 percent less than men for similar skills and positions.可知，女性工作时得到更少的机会和更少的钱。故填fewer， 更少。 3. 根据表格左栏的三八妇女节首次被庆祝等内容可知，是介绍这个节日的历史。故填History，历史。 4. 根据短文第四段第一句可知， 1917年在圣彼得堡的妇女节抗议，导致了俄罗斯革命。故填caused，导致、造成。 5. 根据短文第四段最后一句As a result， the United States government didn’t accept it as a holiday.可知，作为一个假期，它不被美国政府所接受。本句是被动句。故填accepted，接受。 6. 根据短文第五段第一句Today Women’s Day is celebrated in places such as China and Russia as a sort of state-approved Valentine's Day or Mother's Day.可知，联合国宣布1975年3月8日为国际妇女节。故填announced，宣布。 7. 根据短文第五段第一句Today Women’s Day is celebrated in places such as China and Russia as a sort of state-approved Valentine's Day or Mother's Day.可知，今天妇女节的庆祝作为一种国家许可的情人节或母亲节。故填celebrated，庆祝。 8. 根据短文第五段第二句The tradition in these countries is to give flowers and gifts to the important women in one's life.可知，鲜花和礼物被送给生命中重要的女性。本句是被动语态，be +动词的过去分词。故填given，送。 9. 根据表格右栏的内容：庆祝妇女节的宗旨。故填Purposes/Aims/Goals，目的、目标。 10. 根据短文倒数第二段第二句As a society， we need to offer women and girls chances to make their dreams come true…可知，妇女节帮着实现妇女和女孩的梦想。help后跟动词原形或动词不定式。故填achieve/realize，实现。 考点：阅读填空。 Passage 12 阅读下面短文，根据所读内容，在文章后的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词，并将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置上。注意每个空格只填1个单词。 Confucius was a great thinker and teacher in the Spring and Autumn Period of China. He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu (part of Shandong). He acted as an official there. But he was perhaps a better thinker than he was an official and he ended up having to leave the state of Lu. In the next 13 years, he travelled around the other states, spreading his ideas. And he tried to teach people that peace was very important for a healthy society. However, it was not until the rule of Emperor Wu of Han Dynasty(156-87 BC) that his ideas were accepted by most people. In his last few years, he returned to Qufu, where he spent the rest of his life teaching. His teachings were recorded by his followers in a book called Lunyu. Confucius’ teachings formed the base of Chinese thought. Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues（美德）and always do the right thing. Confucius' thought is considered to have been the necessity of Eastern thought. To help people understand how to behave towards others, he taught five virtues accepted by all Chinese. They are ren (kindness, charity), yi (fairness), li (ceremony, tradition), zhi (knowledge), and xin (trust). Another virtue is xiao. Xiao is the duties a person has towards their parents. It means loving, respecting and looking after one’s parents in their old age. Xiao forms the base of a peaceful society. And “he” is the final goal according to his thought. It means peace between people in society. Here’s one of Confucius’ famous sayings, “Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you.” Another saying of his is “In the company off two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher.” It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture. And it will continue to be of great use for the future of China. Confucius: A great thinker and teacher His 1 experience He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu. He acted as an official there. He 2 13 years travelling around to spread his ideas. He returned to Qufu and taught there 3 he died. His thought 4 virtues and doing the right thing Five basic virtues: ren, yi, li, zhi, xin Xiao: to love, respect and take 5 of one’s parents He: to live peacefully 6 others in society Famous 7 Do not do to others as you do not wish to be done to you. In the company of two others, I can always find one worthy of 8 from. His influences on Chinese 9 Forming the base of Chinese thought Being a necessary part of Chinese culture Being very 10 or the future of China 【答案】 1. life 2. spent 3. till/until 4. developing 5. care 6. with 7. sayings 8. learning 9. culture 10. useful 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了著名思想家孔子的生平及其思想。 1. 根据方框内的“He was born in Qufu, capital of the state of Lu.”和“he died.”可知，这一部分归纳的是孔子的生平，也就是他的“人生经历”，因此应用名词life来作定语修饰名词experience。故填life。 2. 根据“In the next 13 years, he travelled around the other states, spreading his ideas.”可知，在接下来的13年里，他周游列国，传播他的思想。换句话说，他“花”了13年的时间周游列国，传播他的思想，可用动词spend的过去式spent。故填spent。 3. 根据“In his last few years, he returned to Qufu, where he spent the rest of his life teaching.”可知，在他的最后几年里，他回到曲阜，在那里用余生教学。换句话说，他回到曲阜教学“直到”离世。空格后he died是句子，因此应用连词till或until来连接。故填till/until。 4. 根据“Confucius thought everyone should develop virtues（美德）and always do the right thing.”可知，孔子认为每个人都应该培养美德，并始终做正确的事情。根据空格后的“and doing”可知此处应用动名词。动词develop的动名词为developing。故填developing。 5. 根据“It means loving, respecting and looking after one’s parents in their old age.”可知，孝意味着当父母年老的时候，关爱、尊重和照顾他们。look after的同义短语为take care of。故填care。 6. 根据“It means peace between people in society.”可知，和意味着在社会上与人和谐相处。live peacefully with sb表示“与……和谐共处”。故填with。 7. 根据“Here’s one of Confucius’ famous sayings”可知，这里介绍了孔子的两句名言。故填sayings。 8. 根据“In the company off two others, I can always find one worthy of being my teacher.”可知，该名言为“三人行，必有我师焉”。换句话说，在同行的其他两人身上，总有值得我学习的地方。“向……学习”是动词短语learn from sb，介词of后接动名词，动词learn的动名词为learning。故填learning。 9. 根据“It is clear that Confucius’ thought will continue to be a necessary part of Chinese culture.”可知，孔子的思想还会继续成为中国文化的必要组成部分。说明此处强调他的思想对中国文化的影响。故填culture。 10. 根据“And it will continue to be of great use for the future of China.”可知，孔子的思想将继续为中国的未来发挥巨大的作用。be动词后接形容词，be of great use的同义词为useful。故填useful。 Passage 13 阅读短文，根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 We dislike too hot days. Luckily, we have air conditioners and fridges. How did Chinese people stay cool in the hot season before they have air conditioners and fridges? The most common way Chinese people in the past kept cool was to use fans. Many fans had poems or drawings on them. Beginning in the Sui dynasty(朝代), Chinese people started to use porcelain pillows(瓷枕). These pillows felt cool, so people could sleep well on them. People in old times didn't have fridges to make ice.  Instead, they collected ice in winter and kept it underground, sometimes in wells(井). When summer came, they got the ice out and put it in their living rooms to cool them down. Rich people and members of the king family had more expensive ways to keep cool. As early as the Han dynasty, some people used a tool(工具) like modern electrical fans. It was made of a wheel(轮子) and some fan blades(叶片). A person would pull a rope to make the wheel spin(转) and then the blades would spin around fast. In the Tang dynasty, people found a way to make their whole house cool. They built their houses next to the water, used some machines to carry water to the top of the house, and made it flow down from the eaves(屋檐). This man-made waterfall brought cool air into the house. How people kept cool in the past Different 1 in different times Fans: It was very common for people to use fans with 2 or drawings on them. Porcelain pillows: In the Sui dynasty, 3 people began to sleep on porcelain pillows 4 these pillows were cool. Ice: In winter, ice was collected and stored, and then in 5 , people got the ice out and put it in houses to make the temperature 6 7 fans: In the Han dynasty, a tool like modern electrical fans was used by only a small number of people, for it was 8 Water: In the 9 dynasty, people kept their houses cool by making 10   waterfalls. 【答案】 1. ways 2. poems 3. Chinese 4. because 5. summer 6. drop 7. Modern 8. expensive 9. Tang 10. man-made 【分析】文章大意：本文介绍了中国古代在炎热的季节降温解暑的方法。最流行的方法就是用扇子，隋朝时，人们用瓷枕，还有人保存冰块，汉代时，人们发明新型类似现在的电扇来降温，唐朝时，人们把水引到房檐来降温。 1. 句意：不同时期的不同方法。根据表格第一行How people kept cool in the past“过去人们是如何保持凉爽的”，以及本行右侧所对应的表格中所描述的各个时期人们保持凉爽的方法，可知此处句意为“不同时期的不同方法”，“方法”way，由句意可知应用其复数形式，故答案填ways。 2. 句意：人们使用有诗歌或画的扇子是很常见的。根据文中的句子Chinese people in the past kept cool was to use fans. Many fans had poems or drawings on them.可知是人们使用有诗歌或画的扇子是很常见的。poem“诗歌”，这里用其复数形式，故答案填poems。 3. 句意：在隋朝，中国人开始睡陶瓷枕头。根据文中的句子 Beginning in the Sui dynasty, Chinese people started to use porcelain pillows.可知，在隋朝，中国人开始睡陶瓷枕头。Chinese people“中国人”，故答案填Chinese。 4. 句意：因为这些枕头是凉爽的。根据文中的句子These pillows felt cool, so people could sleep well on them.可知，是因为这些枕头可以使人感觉凉爽，所以人们开始睡陶瓷枕头，前后句是因果关系，because“因为”，故答案填because。 5. 句意：在冬天，冰被收集和储存，然后在夏天，人们把冰取出，把它放在房子里，使温度下降。根据文中的句子they collected ice in winter and kept it underground, sometimes in wells. When summer came, they got the ice out and put it in their living rooms to cool them down.可知，人们在冬天把冰收集和储存，然后在夏天把冰拿出来放在房子里使温度下降。in summer“在夏天”，故答案填summer。 6. 句意：在冬天，冰被收集和储存，然后在夏天，人们把冰取出，把它放在房子里，使温度下降。根据文中的句子they collected ice in winter and kept it underground, sometimes in wells. When summer came, they got the ice out and put it in their living rooms to cool them down.可知，人们在冬天把冰收集和储存，然后在夏天把冰拿出来放在房子里使温度下降。make the temperature drop “降低温度”，故答案填drop。 7. 句意：现代的风扇。根据后面的a tool like modern electrical fans was used by only a small number of people,可知，此处说的是“现代风扇”，即modern fans，因其位于句首，所以第一个字母要大写，故答案填Modern。 8. 句意：因为它很贵。根据文中的句子Rich people and members of the king family had more expensive ways to keep cool. As early as the Han dynasty, some people used a tool like modern electrical fans.可知，因为昂贵，在汉代，像现代电扇这样的工具只被少数人使用。expensive “昂贵的”，故答案填expensive。 9. 句意：在唐朝，人们通过人造瀑布来保持房屋的凉爽。根据文中的句子In the Tang dynasty, people found a way to make their whole house cool….This man-made waterfall brought cool air into the house.可知，在唐朝，人们通过人造瀑布来保持房屋的凉爽。朝代属于专有名词，所以Tang首字母要大写，故答案填Tang。 10. 句意：在唐朝，人们通过人造瀑布来保持房屋的凉爽。根据文中的句子In the Tang dynasty, people found a way to make their whole house cool….This man-made waterfall brought cool air into the house.可知，在唐朝，人们通过人造瀑布来保持房屋的凉爽。man-made waterfalls“人造瀑布”，故答案填man-made。 【点睛】首先，通读全文，了解文章的大意。然后，纵览所要完成的任务内容，在了解其大意的同时，确定所要填写的内容，即词语或短语是否与已知文段中的相一致。填写时，一定要仔细，比如，有的属于固定搭配，有的句子是文中原句的同义句，这些只要稍加注意，就可避免出错；同时还要注意动词时态、人称、名词单复数是否有误，首字母是否大写，句子的主谓搭配是不是合理等；最后，将填写好的内容再通读一遍，看看语意是否正确，与原文意思是否相符，语句是否通顺，大小写是否正确等。比如，第1小题，根据表格第一行How people kept cool in the past“过去人们是如何保持凉爽的”，以及本行右侧所对应的表格中所描述的各个时期人们保持凉爽的方法，可知此处句意为“不同时期的不同方法”，“方法”way，由句意可知应用其复数形式，故答案填ways。第3小题，根据文中的句子 Beginning in the Sui dynasty, Chinese people started to use porcelain pillows.可知，在隋朝，中国人开始睡陶瓷枕头。Chinese people“中国人”，故答案填Chinese。 Passage 14 请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。 注意：每个空格只填1个单词。请将答案填写在答题卡相应横线上。 Claude Monet's paintings were quite different from the art styles that were popular in the 1870s France. Traditional artists always did their artwork in a studio and their paintings were realistic-they looked exactly like the real world. Claude Monet was part of a group of painters who were called Impressionists(印象派画家). Their paintings were light and a bit fuzzy-they gave an impression of what the real world looked like. Sometimes Impressionists worked outside, which was a very unusual thought in their time. Impressionism received its name from an early painting by Claude Monet titled impression, Sunrise. Knowing that trains were interesting subjects and represented modern progress, Claude Monet crated a series of Impressionist paintings of trains from January to March of 1877. He worked on his paintings right on the train platform at the Gare Saint-Lazare, the train station on Saint Lazare Street. Although there were many train stations in Paris, this was the first train station built in Paris so it had historical significance(意义). Monet’s friend, Impressionist painter Pierre Auguste Renoir, told the following story to his sons about Claude Monet and painting the trains. Monet needed permission(允许)to spend time on the train platform and paint what he saw in his impressionistic style. One day Monet dressed himself in his very best suit along with a fine top hat, a good linen shirt and a silk tie. He appeared to be a wealthy gentleman while he really was a poor painter. When he went towards the clerk at the train office, he presented his calling card which introduced him as Claude Monet, Painter. He asked to see the station master. The clerk quickly allowed this fine gentleman to enter the station master's office. The station master was also impressed and gave Monet permission to paint on the train platform. The station master even kept trains from leaving on time so Monet could complete a scene even though passengers complained. Was it all worthwhile(值得)? Monet’s train scenes turned his career into a success and for the station master, made his train station famous until even now. Claude Monet Introduction ◆Claude Monet was one of the Impressionist painters whose paintings were not the 1 as the popular art styles in the 1870s France. ◆Impressionist paintings gave an impression of 2 the real world looked. ◆He helped Impressionism get its 3 by his painting Impression, Sunrise. A 4 of painting trains ◆At that time trains were subjects that could keep people’s 5 and represented modern progress. ◆He created paintings of trains 6 January and March in 1877, at the train station with the longest 7 in Paris. ◆He dressed himself as a wealthy gentleman to win the station master’s   8 . ◆In order to help Monet complete a scene, the station master even made trains leave 9 than they should do. Result ◆His train scenes made not only his career 10 but also the train station famous. 【答案】 1. same 2. how 3. name 4. story 5. interest 6. between 7. history 8. trust 9. later 10. successful 【分析】文章大意：本文描述了法国印象派画家克劳德·莫奈以及他在法国巴黎圣拉扎尔火车站的趣闻轶事。克劳德莫奈的绘画与19世纪70年代法国流行的艺术风格截然不同。传统艺术家总是在工作室里做艺术作品，他们的绘画很逼真，他们看起来和现实世界完全一样。 1. 原文：Claude Monet's paintings were quite different from the art styles that were popular in the 1870s France.（克劳德·莫奈的画与19世纪70年代法国流行的艺术形式不同）。Be different from 变成be not the same as。答案为same。 2. 原文：Their paintings were light and a bit fuzzy-they gave an impression of what the real world looked like.（印象派，他们的笔画是轻的有点模糊，给出一个真实世界样子的印象）。what the real world looked like变成how the real world looked.答案为how。 3. 原文：Impressionism received its name from an early painting by Claude Monet titled impression, Sunrise.（印象派得到它的名字来自于克劳德·莫奈早起的作品名字叫印象·日出）。received its name=got its name。答案为name。 4. 是课文2/3/4段的总结概括，根据原文：Monet’s friend, Impressionist painter Pierre Auguste Renoir, told the following story to his sons about Claude Monet and painting the trains. （莫奈的朋友，印象派画家，皮埃尔·奥古斯塔·雷诺阿给他的儿子讲了有关莫奈画火车的故事）。答案为story。 5. 原文：Knowing that trains were interesting subjects and represented modern progress（知道火车是有趣的事物，代表着现代社会的进程）。将interesting subjects 变成keep people’s interest。答案为interest。 6. 原文：Claude Monet crated a series of Impressionist paintings of trains from January to March of 1877.（克劳德·莫奈从1877年一月到三月创作了一系列的火车印象画）。将from…to…变成between… and…。答案为between。 7. 原文：He worked on his paintings right on the train platform at the Gare Saint-Lazare…this was the first train station built in Paris so it had historical significance(意义).（这是巴黎建的第一个火车站，有着它的历史意义。）将historical significance变成with the longest history.答案为history。 8. 根据文章3/4段可知，克劳德·莫奈在一贫如洗的情况下尽心装扮自己是为了赢得车站领导的信任。故答案填trust。 9. 原文：The station master even kept trains from leaving on time so Monet could complete a scene even though passengers complained.（车站领导甚至不顾旅客抱怨为了能让莫奈完成一个场景而阻止火车准时离开）。将kept trains from leaving on time变成made trains leave later than they should do。答案为later。 10. 原文：Monet’s train scenes turned his career into a success and for the station master, made his train station famous until even now.（莫奈的火车画面使他的职业获得成功，而对于火车站长，使这个车站至今有名）。将turned his career into a success变成made his career successful。答案为successful。 Passage 15 Venice, a city in the northeast of Italy, is famous throughout the world for its buildings and romantic canals (运河). But in February every year, people come to Venice for another reason. The city carnival (狂欢节) fills the place with excitement and fun. This year, the celebration runs from 4 to 21 February. Colourful costurnes have always played a very important role in the Venetian carnival. The carnival happens at the start of the Christian fasting (斋戒) period of Lent. It was traditionally a time to go a bit crazy with eating, drinking, dancing and dressing up before the fast began. People used masks to hide their social identity so that the nobility (贵族) would look no different from the commoners. Today the carnival is largely for the tourists. “Venetians don’t dress up for the carnival after the age of ten,” Giuseppina Giudice, who has lived in the city all her life, said to The Guardian（卫报）. “All we see of the carnival is a river of strangers who flow into town to feel ‘Venetian’. They fill it, buy a cheap mask and leave with nothing but photographs of St Mark’s Square.” Some locals want to bring back the original (最初的) feel of the carnival. In 2009, two social networking groups started organizing their own carnival. Visitors were invited. There were no expensive tickets or fancy ball dresses—just an old-fashioned Italian street party. “Tourists are welcome to our party—the more we can show them about the real Venice rather than the postcard Venice, the better,” Matteo Secchi, one of the organizers, told The Guardian. The carnival of Venice Location Venice lies in the 1 of Italy. 2 This year people 3 the carnival from 4 to 21 February.     Traditions ♦It was a time to go a little 4 with eating, drinking, dancing and dressing up before fasting began. ♦People often wore 5 to hide their social identity. 6 situations ♦Today the festival is largely for people who come for a 7 . ♦Some local people want to bring back the original 8 of the carnival. ♦In 2009, two social networking groups 9 their own carnival. They wanted to show what an old-fashioned Italian street 10 should be like. 【答案】 1. northeast 2. Time 3. celebrate 4. crazy 5. masks 6. Present 7. tourist 8. feel 9. organized 10. party 【导语】本文主要介绍了威尼斯狂欢节。 1. 根据“Venice, a city in the northeast of Italy”可知，威尼斯是意大利东北部的一座城市。故填northeast。 2. 根据右栏“This year people...from 4 to 21 February.”可知，是介绍庆祝时间，time“时间”。故填Time。 3. 根据“This year, the celebration runs from 4 to 21 February.”可知，今年人们的狂欢节从2月4日到21日。空处缺少谓语动词，celebration的动词是celebrate，时态是一般现在时，主语表示复数，谓语动词用原形。故填celebrate。 4. 根据“It was traditionally a time to go a bit crazy with eating, drinking, dancing and...”可知,，这个传统的时间有点疯狂，crazy“疯狂的”。故填crazy。 5. 根据“People used masks to hide their social identity so that the nobility(贵族) would look no different from the commoners.”可知，人们使用面具来隐藏他们的社会身份，masks“面具”。故填masks。 6. 根据右栏“Today the festival is largely for people ....”可知，介绍的是现在的形势，空处作定语应用形容词，present“现在的”。故填Present。 7. 根据文中“Today the carnival is largely for the tourists.”可知，如今，狂欢节主要是为游客举办的，tourist“游客”，a后跟单数名词。故填tourist。 8. 根据文中“Some locals want to bring back the original (最初的) feel of the carnival. ”可知，一些当地人想要恢复狂欢节的原始感觉，feel“感觉”。故填feel。 9. 根据文中“In 2009, two social networking groups started organizing their own carnival. ”可知，2009年，两个社交网络团体开始组织他们自己的狂欢节。organizing 改成organized。故填organized。 10. 根据“Tourists are welcome to our party—the more we can show them about the real Venice rather than the postcard Venice, the better,”可知，他们想展示旧式的意大利街头派对应该是什么样的。故填party。 30 / 30乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $