专题 J813 Unit 1 Past and present 选词填空（5句）-【题型易-必考题型精练】2025-2026学年八年级下学期英语 话题中心题型梯度特训-译林版

考前语法精练 专题J813选词填空 单元话题特训（新教材译林版） Unit 1 Past and present 过去与现在 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 初阶练手 进阶提升 能力突破 Exercise 1 pollute, wide, continue, trade, amazing 1. The river is much than before after the government cleaned it up. 2. We should stop the environment and protect our home. 3. China has developed with many countries around the world. 4. It is that China has built so many high-speed railways in such a short time. 5. We will working hard to make our country stronger and more beautiful. Exercise 2 pioneer, develop, connect, wealth, tradition 1. The of 5G technology has changed the way we communicate and work. 2. Chinese people have kept many customs for thousands of years. 3. The Internet people all over the world and makes the world smaller. 4. Yuan Longping is a great agricultural who helped feed billions of people. 5. True is not about money, but about health and happiness. Exercise 3 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空 at the heart of,  used to,  a great deal of,  in love with,  make a living 1. My grandmother be a teacher, but she retired last year. 2. The park is the city, so it’s very popular with people. 3. He by selling fruits in the market when he was young. 4. We spent time on the project and finally finished it. 5. She has been the singer since she saw his concert for the first time. Exercise 4 从方框中选择正确的单词填入句中。 a bit; in some ways; since then; change a lot; possible 1. We haven’t heard from each other . 2. The boy broke the window and his mother was angry. 3. —Do you like your life at present? —Yes, our lives have become better . 4. —Has our school recently? —Yes, it has become more and more beautiful. 5. It is for me to finish the work in two days. It is so difficult. Exercise 5 选择方框中所给单词或短语，并用其适当形式完成句子。 electric      public      plan    citizen    make a living 1. He by selling vegetables at the market. 2. Every has the right to vote in the election. 3. My father bought an car to save money on gas. 4. She is a good and always finishes her work on time. 5. The library is a great place to borrow books for free. Exercise 6 选择方框中所给单词或短语，并用其适当形式完成句子。 crowd      cost      take    convenient     too much 1. It’s to travel to other cities by high-speed train. 2. For buses, it doesn’t a long time to wait for the next one. 3. Speaking of planes, a plane ticket less money than before. 4. The earth is getting more and more as the global population is growing. 5. Modern transport doesn’t make pollution , because it uses clean energy. Exercise 7 选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。 at high speed   used to   at the heart of    takes a bus   on a train   southern            1. He take a bus to work, but now he goes to work by car. 2. When the lion saw a zebra from far away, it got near it quietly and then ran towards it . 3. Guangzhou is a famous city in the part of China. 4. Beijing is China, both politically and culturally. 5. She often goes to work by bicycle, but today she . Exercise 8          past,  present,  change,  miss,  use 1. In the , people lived a simple life, but now life is more convenient. 2. Great have taken place in our hometown over the years. 3. I my grandparents very much because I haven’t visited them for a year. 4. She to play the piano, but now she likes playing the guitar. 5. In the , we can communicate with others easily by using mobile phones. Exercise 9 move, pioneer, reform, green way, world-famous 1. The country’s in education has made students have more time to relax. 2. We often ride bikes along the with our parents on weekends. 3. My brother’s from playing games to reading books helped him improve his study. 4. Yang Zhenning was a scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. 5. Our teacher always tells us to learn the spirit of astronauts. Exercise 10 根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 make a living; wide; hopeful; guest house; high-speed train 1. My grandparents used to by selling vegetables in the market ten years ago. 2. We took a to Shanghai last weekend and it only took us two hours. 3. The road in front of our school is being built much than before. 4. After hearing the exciting news, all the students felt about the coming sports meeting. 5. During our trip to the mountain village, we stayed in a small but clean near the forest. Exercise 11 请根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 active attract China plan wealth 1. As we all know, reading makes a full man. It helps you feel in spirit. 2. Wuxi Nianhua Bay more and more people’s attention since this March. 3. My sister works as a wedding and creates beautiful events. 4. The study shows our brain works at night than it does in the daytime because it needs to have time to rest. 5. The Yellow River is second longest river (第二长河) after the Yangtze River. Exercise 12 根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 at the heart of,  move,  a wealth of,  world-famous,  as well as 1. Many tourists are looking forward to visiting the art museum in this city next month. 2. Hard work and creativity are his great success in the scientific field. 3. The old story about love and sacrifice all the audience to tears at the theater yesterday. 4. Reading widely can help us gain knowledge about different cultures and histories. 5. My cousin is good at playing the piano singing pop songs beautifully. Exercise 13 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，有一个单词或短语多余。 develop     plan   create   certain   at the heart of   a symbol of 1. Teachers often organize hands-on activities to encourage students’ in science classes. 2. If you take the early bus tomorrow, you will arrive at the meeting on time. 3. The of public transport has made it much easier for people to travel around the city. 4. Kindness and respect are building a friendly community. 5. A good city needs to consider both people’s daily needs and the city’s long-term future. Exercise 14 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空（有一个单词或短语多余） mud  report  lie  offer public  be happy about 1. It’s important to follow the rules in places like parks and subway stations to keep the environment orderly. 2. After the heavy rain, the path in the park became , so we had to walk carefully. 3. —China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. — Yes. The government a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. 4. The cameras kept working to record the important moments of the events. 5. There are some fallen leaves on the ground in the park and workers will clean them up this afternoon. Exercise 15 从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 used to,  make a living,  a wealth of,  at the heart of,  high-speed train 1. The new railway station is the city’s transportation network. 2. The exhibition provides information about the evolution of cars. 3. Before becoming a pilot, she by giving driving lessons. 4. have become very popular in many countries for long-distance travel. 5. People rely on horses for transportation, but now cars are common. 6 / 6乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $考前语法精练 专题J813选词填空 单元话题特训（新教材译林版） Unit 1 Past and present 过去与现在 姓名：___________班级：___________座号：___________ 内容提要 初阶练手 进阶提升 能力突破 Exercise 1 pollute, wide, continue, trade, amazing 1. The river is much than before after the government cleaned it up. 2. We should stop the environment and protect our home. 3. China has developed with many countries around the world. 4. It is that China has built so many high-speed railways in such a short time. 5. We will working hard to make our country stronger and more beautiful. 【答案】1. wider 2. polluting 3. trade 4. amazing 5. continue 【解析】1. 句意：政府治理后，这条河比以前更宽阔。句中“than before”提示此处需用形容词比较级，结合“cleaned it up”的语境，此处指这条河比以前更宽阔，用wider。 2. 句意：我们应该停止污染环境，保护我们的家园。 “stop doing sth.”表示“停止做某事”，此处需用pollute的动名词形式polluting，意为“污染”。 3. 句意：中国与世界上许多国家发展贸易。“develop trade with...”表示“与……发展贸易”，用trade。 4. 句意：中国在这么短的时间内建成了这么多高铁，真是令人惊叹。此处用形容词，作表语，amazing“令人惊叹的”形容这件事的震撼感。 5. 句意：我们将继续努力工作，让我们的国家更强大、更美丽。 “continue doing sth.”表示“继续做某事”，will后接动词原形。 Exercise 2 pioneer, develop, connect, wealth, tradition 1. The of 5G technology has changed the way we communicate and work. 2. Chinese people have kept many customs for thousands of years. 3. The Internet people all over the world and makes the world smaller. 4. Yuan Longping is a great agricultural who helped feed billions of people. 5. True is not about money, but about health and happiness. 【答案】1. development 2. traditional 3. connects 4. pioneer 5. wealth 【解析】1. 句意：5G技术的发展改变了我们的交流和工作方式。根据“The … of 5G technology”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“发展”，develop意为“发展”，其名词形式为development，表示“发展”。空处作主语，应填名词development。故填development。 2. 句意：中国人几千年来一直保留着许多传统习俗。根据“customs”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“传统的习俗”，tradition意为“传统”，其形容词形式为traditional，修饰名词customs。故填traditional。 3. 句意：互联网把世界各地的人连接起来，使世界变得更小。根据“people all over the world”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“连接”，connect意为“连接”。句子为一般现在时，主语The Internet为第三人称单数，connect用三单形式connects。故填connects。 4. 句意：袁隆平是一位伟大的农业先驱，他帮助养活了数十亿人。根据“who helped feed billions of people”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“先驱”，pioneer意为“先驱”。空前有a，应填名词单数pioneer。故填pioneer。 5. 句意：真正的财富不是金钱，而是健康和幸福。根据“not about money, but about health and happiness”及备选词汇可知，此处表示“财富”，wealth意为“财富”，为不可数名词。故填wealth。 Exercise 3 用方框中所给短语的适当形式填空 at the heart of,  used to,  a great deal of,  in love with,  make a living 1. My grandmother be a teacher, but she retired last year. 2. The park is the city, so it’s very popular with people. 3. He by selling fruits in the market when he was young. 4. We spent time on the project and finally finished it. 5. She has been the singer since she saw his concert for the first time. 【答案】1. used to 2. at the heart of 3. made a living 4. a great deal of 5. in love with 【解析】1. 句意：我的奶奶曾经是一个老师，但是去年她退休了。根据“but she retired last year”并结合备选词汇可知，此处是说曾经是一名老师，used to“曾经；过去常常”，符合语境，故填used to。 2. 句意：这个公园在城市的中心，所以很受人们欢迎。根据“so it’s very popular with people”并结合备选词汇可知，此处是说公园在城市中心，at the heart of“在……的中心”，符合语境，故填at the heart of。 3. 句意：他年轻时靠在市场卖水果谋生。根据“by selling fruits in the market when he was young”并结合备选词汇可知，此处是说靠卖水果谋生，make a living“谋生”，是动词短语，结合时间状语“when he was young”可知，句子时态是用一般过去时，故填made a living。 4. 句意：我们在这个项目上花了很多时间，最终完成了它。根据“spent...time on the project and finally finished it”并结合备选词汇可知，此处是说花了大量时间，a great deal of“大量的”，用来修饰不可数名词time，符合语境，故填a great deal of。 5. 句意：自从她第一次看了这位歌手的演唱会，就爱上了他。根据“since she saw his concert for the first time”并结合备选词汇可知，此处是说爱上了这位歌手，be in love with“爱上”，符合语境，故填in love with。 Exercise 4 从方框中选择正确的单词填入句中。 a bit; in some ways; since then; change a lot; possible 1. We haven’t heard from each other . 2. The boy broke the window and his mother was angry. 3. —Do you like your life at present? —Yes, our lives have become better . 4. —Has our school recently? —Yes, it has become more and more beautiful. 5. It is for me to finish the work in two days. It is so difficult. 【答案】1. since then 2. a bit 3. in some ways 4. changed a lot 5. impossible 【解析】1. 句意：从那以后，我们就再也没有互相联系过。根据“We haven't heard from each other...”可知，本句使用了现在完成时，需要一个表示“从过去某一时间开始”的时间状语。方框中“since then”（从那以后）符合语境，用于现在完成时中表示动作从过去持续到现在。故填since then。 2. 句意：那个男孩打碎了窗户，他的妈妈有点生气。根据“The boy broke the window and his mother was...angry”可知，需要一个修饰形容词“angry”的程度副词短语。方框中“a bit”（有点）可以修饰形容词，表示程度，符合语境。故填a bit。 3. 句意：——你喜欢现在的生活吗？——是的，我们的生活在某些方面变得更好了。根据“Yes, our lives have become better...”可知，答句是在说明生活变好的方面。方框中“in some ways”（在某些方面）用于限定范围，符合语境。故填in some ways。 4. 句意：——我们的学校最近变化很大吗？——是的，它变得越来越漂亮了。根据“Has our school...recently?”可知，本句是现在完成时的一般疑问句，需要一个表示“变化”的动词短语。方框中“change a lot”（变化很大）符合语境，且在现在完成时中需用过去分词形式“changed a lot”。故填changed a lot。 5. 句意：在两天内完成这项工作对我来说是不可能的。它太难了。根据“It is...for me to finish the work in two days. It is so difficult”可知，后句“它太难了”说明完成工作是困难的。方框中“possible”（可能的）的反义词“impossible”（不可能的）符合语境。故填impossible。 Exercise 5 选择方框中所给单词或短语，并用其适当形式完成句子。 electric      public      plan    citizen    make a living 1. He by selling vegetables at the market. 2. Every has the right to vote in the election. 3. My father bought an car to save money on gas. 4. She is a good and always finishes her work on time. 5. The library is a great place to borrow books for free. 【答案】1. makes a living 2. citizen 3. electric 4. planner 5. public 【解析】1. 句意：他靠在市场上卖菜为生。根据“by selling vegetables at the market”可知，此处是指通过卖菜来谋生，“make a living”意为“谋生”，句子描述一般情况，用一般现在时，主语“He”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式makes。故填makes a living。 2. 句意：每个公民都有权在选举中投票。根据“has the right to vote in the election”可知，此处指公民有投票权，“citizen”意为“公民”，Every后接名词单数。故填citizen。 3. 句意：我的父亲买了一辆电动汽车来节省汽油钱。根据“to save money on gas”可知，此处是买电动汽车来省油，“electric”意为“电的”，形容词作定语修饰名词car。故填electric。 4. 句意：她是一个优秀的计划者，总是按时完成工作。根据“always finishes her work on time”可知，此处指她是一个优秀的计划者，“plan”意为“计划”，此处应用名词planner“计划者”，a后接名词单数。故填planner。 5. 句意：公共图书馆是一个免费借书的好地方。根据“library is a great place to borrow books for free”可知，此处指公共图书馆，“public”意为“公共的”，形容词作定语修饰名词library。故填public。 Exercise 6 选择方框中所给单词或短语，并用其适当形式完成句子。 crowd      cost      take    convenient     too much 1. It’s to travel to other cities by high-speed train. 2. For buses, it doesn’t a long time to wait for the next one. 3. Speaking of planes, a plane ticket less money than before. 4. The earth is getting more and more as the global population is growing. 5. Modern transport doesn’t make pollution , because it uses clean energy. 【答案】1. convenient 2. take 3. costs 4. crowded 5. too much 【解析】1. 句意：乘高铁去其他城市旅行很方便。根据“It’s...to travel to other cities by high-speed train.”和备选词汇可知，此处是指乘高铁去其他城市旅行很“方便”；考查convenient“方便的”，形容词，位于“is”之后，作表语。故填convenient。 2. 句意：对于公交车来说，等下一班车不会花很长时间。根据“For buses, it doesn’t...a long time to wait for the next one.”和备选词汇可知，此处考查it takes sb. time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多少时间”，固定句型，其中take“花费”，动词，用于花费时间，位于助动词“doesn’t”之后，需使用动词原形take。故填take。 3. 句意：说到飞机，机票的花费比以前少了。根据“a plane ticket...less money than before.”和备选词汇可知，此处是指机票的花费比以前少了；考查cost“花费”，动词，主语一般为物，用于花费金钱；表述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语“a plane ticket”为第三人称单数，所以使用cost的第三人称单数costs。故填costs。 4. 句意：随着全球人口增长，地球变得越来越拥挤。根据“as the global population is growing”和备选词汇可知，随着全球人口增长，地球变得越来越“拥挤”，应用crowd的形容词形式crowded“拥挤的”，作系动词“getting”的表语。故填crowded。 5. 句意：现代交通工具不会产生太多污染，因为它使用清洁能源。根据“because it uses clean energy”和备选词汇可知，因为它使用清洁能源，所以现代交通工具不会产生“太多”污染，too much“太多”，后跟不可数名词“pollution”，符合语境。故填too much。 Exercise 7 选用方框内的单词或词组填空，其中有一个单词或词组是多余的。 at high speed   used to   at the heart of    takes a bus   on a train   southern            1. He take a bus to work, but now he goes to work by car. 2. When the lion saw a zebra from far away, it got near it quietly and then ran towards it . 3. Guangzhou is a famous city in the part of China. 4. Beijing is China, both politically and culturally. 5. She often goes to work by bicycle, but today she . 【答案】1. used to 2. at high speed 3. southern 4. at the heart of 5. takes a bus 【解析】1. 句意：他过去常常乘公共汽车去上班，但现在他开车去上班。根据“but now he goes to work by car”可知，此处表达的是过去常常做某事，英语是used to do sth。 2. 句意：当狮子从远处看到斑马时，它悄悄地靠近它，然后高速向它跑去。根据“it got near it quietly and then ran towards it”可知，此处表达的是“高速地”，英语是at high speed。 3. 句意：广州是中国南部的一个著名城市。根据“Guangzhou is a famous city in the...part of China.”及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“南部的”，英语是southern，是一个形容词，修饰名词part。 4. 句意：北京在中国的政治和文化中心。根据“Beijing is...China, both politically and culturally.”及备选词汇可知，此处指的是“在……中心”，英语是at the heart of。 5. 句意：她经常骑自行车上班，但今天她乘公共汽车。根据“She often goes to work by bicycle, but today she...”可知，此处表达的是“乘公共汽车”，英语是take a bus，由“today”可知，句子应用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，动词用三单形式。 Exercise 8          past,  present,  change,  miss,  use 1. In the , people lived a simple life, but now life is more convenient. 2. Great have taken place in our hometown over the years. 3. I my grandparents very much because I haven’t visited them for a year. 4. She to play the piano, but now she likes playing the guitar. 5. In the , we can communicate with others easily by using mobile phones. 【答案】1. past 2. changes 3. miss 4. used 5. present 【解析】1. 句意：在过去，人们过着简单的生活，但现在生活更便利了。“but now life is more convenient”表明前后存在时间上的对比，强调现在和过去的不同。past意为“过去”，in the past表示“在过去”。故填past。 2. 句意：这些年我们家乡发生了巨大的变化。over the years表示时间跨度，说明是在描述一段时间内发生的事情。change有“变化”的意思，由于这里说的是家乡发生的变化不止一个，所以要用复数形式changes。故填changes。 3. 句意：我非常想念我的祖父母，因为我已经一年没去看望他们了。“because I haven’t visited them for a year”解释了原因，即因为一年没看望祖父母，所以会产生某种情感。 miss是“想念”的意思。故填miss。 4. 句意：她过去常常弹钢琴，但现在她喜欢弹吉他。“but now she likes playing the guitar”形成对比，说明现在和过去的喜好不同。 used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”。故填used。 5. 句意：在现在，我们可以很容易地用手机和别人交流。“we can communicate with others easily by using mobile phones”描述的是当下能够轻松用手机交流的情况。present表示“现在”，In the present即“在现在”。故填present。 Exercise 9 move, pioneer, reform, green way, world-famous 1. The country’s in education has made students have more time to relax. 2. We often ride bikes along the with our parents on weekends. 3. My brother’s from playing games to reading books helped him improve his study. 4. Yang Zhenning was a scientist. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1957. 5. Our teacher always tells us to learn the spirit of astronauts. 【答案】1. reform 2. green way 3. move 4. world-famous 5. pioneering 【解析】1. 句意：这个国家的教育改革让学生有了更多放松的时间。根据“The country’s...in education has made students have more time to relax.”并结合备选词汇可知，这个国家的教育“改革”让学生有了更多放松的时间。reform“改革”，指“教育改革”这个整体行为，属于不可数名词。故填reform。 2. 句意：周末我们经常和父母沿着绿道骑自行车。根据“We often ride bikes along the...with our parents”并结合备选词汇可知，我们经常和父母沿着“绿道”骑自行车。green way“绿道；林荫路”，名词短语，固定搭配。故填green way。 3. 句意：我哥哥从玩游戏到读书的转变帮助他提高了学习成绩。根据“My brother’s...from playing games to reading books helped him improve his study.”并结合备选词汇可知，我哥哥从玩游戏到读书的“转变”帮助他提高了学习成绩。move“转变”，名词，这里指一次具体的转变，用单数。故填move。 4. 句意：杨振宁是一位世界闻名的科学家。他在1957年获得了诺贝尔物理学奖。根据“Yang Zhenning was a...scientist.”并结合备选词汇可知，杨振宁是一位“世界闻名的”科学家。world-famous“世界闻名的”，形容词，修饰后面的名词scientist。故填world-famous。 5. 句意：我们的老师总是告诉我们要学习宇航员的先驱精神。根据“Our teacher always tells us to learn the...spirit of astronauts.”并结合备选词汇可知，我们的老师总是告诉我们要学习宇航员的“先驱”精神。pioneer“先驱”，名词，需使用其形容词形式pioneering，修饰后面的名词spirit。故填pioneering。 Exercise 10 根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 make a living; wide; hopeful; guest house; high-speed train 1. My grandparents used to by selling vegetables in the market ten years ago. 2. We took a to Shanghai last weekend and it only took us two hours. 3. The road in front of our school is being built much than before. 4. After hearing the exciting news, all the students felt about the coming sports meeting. 5. During our trip to the mountain village, we stayed in a small but clean near the forest. 【答案】1. make a living 2. high-speed train 3. wider 4. hopeful 5. guest house 【解析】1. 句意：我祖父母十年前靠在市场卖菜谋生。根据空格后“by selling vegetables in the market”和备选词汇可知，此处是指靠卖菜谋生；考查make a living“谋生”，动词短语；used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，固定搭配，因此这里动词应用原形make。故填make a living。 2. 句意：上周末我们乘高铁去上海，只花了两个小时。根据空格前“took a”和备选词汇可知，此处考查take a high-speed train“乘坐高铁”，固定搭配，与“只花了两小时到上海”的语境相符。故填high-speed train。 3. 句意：我们学校前面的路正在修得比以前宽得多。根据“The road”和备选词汇可知，此处是指路比以前宽些；考查wide“宽的”，形容词；结合“much”和“than before”可知，这里应用wide的比较级形式wider。故填wider。 4. 句意：听到这个令人兴奋的消息后，所有学生都对即将到来的运动会满怀希望。根据“After hearing the exciting news,”和备选词汇可知，听到好消息，大家对即将到来的运动会满怀希望，hopeful“抱有希望的”，形容词，在句中作系动词“felt”的表语。故填hopeful。 5. 句意：在山村旅行期间，我们住在森林附近一家小而干净的小旅馆里。根据上文“During our trip to the mountain village”和备选词汇可知，此处是指旅行期间，住在一家小旅馆里；考查guest house“招待所、小旅馆”，名词短语，符合旅行住宿的语境，空前有不定冠词“a”，这里应用单数形式。故填guest house。 Exercise 11 请根据句子意思，用所给单词的适当形式填空。 active attract China plan wealth 1. As we all know, reading makes a full man. It helps you feel in spirit. 2. Wuxi Nianhua Bay more and more people’s attention since this March. 3. My sister works as a wedding and creates beautiful events. 4. The study shows our brain works at night than it does in the daytime because it needs to have time to rest. 5. The Yellow River is second longest river (第二长河) after the Yangtze River. 【答案】1. wealthy 2. has attracted 3. planner 4. less actively 5. China’s 【解析】1. 句意：众所周知，阅读使人充实。它让你在精神上感到富足。根据“It helps you feel…in spirit.”和备选词汇可知，此处是指阅读让你在精神上感到富足；feel后接形容词后作表语，wealth应变为wealthy，表示“富足的”。故填wealthy。 2. 句意：自今年三月以来，无锡拈花湾吸引越来越多人的关注。根据“since this March”和备选词汇可知，此处表示无锡拈花湾已经吸引越来越多人的关注，“吸引”的动作从过去延续到现在，应用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，故attract应变为has attracted。故填has attracted。 3. 句意：我姐姐是一名婚礼策划师，她策划的婚礼活动非常美好。根据“works as a wedding”“creates beautiful events”和备选词汇可知，此处指姐姐从事婚礼策划的职业，plan应变为名词planner，表示“策划者”。故填planner。 4. 句意：研究表明，我们的大脑在夜间比白天活动得少，因为它需要时间休息。根据“than”“because it needs to have time to rest”和备选词汇可知，此处指大脑在夜间比白天活动得少，因为它需要时间休息；再根据“works”可知，此处应填副词来修饰动词works，故应用active的副词比较级形式less actively。故填less actively。 5. 句意：黄河是中国第二长河，仅次于长江。结合“second longest river after the Yangtze River”和备选词汇可知，此处指黄河是中国的第二长河，应用China的所有格形式China’s，表示“中国的”。故填China’s。 Exercise 12 根据句意，从方框中选择适当的词或短语并用其正确的形式填空。 at the heart of,  move,  a wealth of,  world-famous,  as well as 1. Many tourists are looking forward to visiting the art museum in this city next month. 2. Hard work and creativity are his great success in the scientific field. 3. The old story about love and sacrifice all the audience to tears at the theater yesterday. 4. Reading widely can help us gain knowledge about different cultures and histories. 5. My cousin is good at playing the piano singing pop songs beautifully. 【答案】1. world-famous 2. at the heart of 3. moved 4. a wealth of 5. as well as 【解析】1. 句意：许多游客期待着下个月参观这座城市举世闻名的艺术博物馆。空后修饰名词短语art museum，用所给单词world-famous“世界闻名的”。故填world-famous。 2. 句意：勤奋和创造力是他在科学领域取得巨大成功的核心。根据“Hard work and creativity are...his great success”及所给单词可知，勤奋和创造力是取得成功的核心，at the heart of“核心”。故填at the heart of。 3. 句意：昨天在剧院里，那个关于爱和牺牲的古老故事让所有观众都感动得流下了眼泪。move sb to tears“使某人感动落泪”，根据yesterday可知，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式moved。故填moved。 4. 句意：广泛阅读可以帮助我们获得有关不同文化和历史的丰富知识。根据“gain...knowledge”可知，是获得丰富的知识，a wealth of“大量的”，修饰不可数名词knowledge。故填a wealth of。 5. 句意：我堂兄不仅擅长弹钢琴，还擅长优美地演唱流行歌曲。空处连接两个并列的宾语，用连词as well as“也”。故填as well as。 Exercise 13 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空，有一个单词或短语多余。 develop     plan   create   certain   at the heart of   a symbol of 1. Teachers often organize hands-on activities to encourage students’ in science classes. 2. If you take the early bus tomorrow, you will arrive at the meeting on time. 3. The of public transport has made it much easier for people to travel around the city. 4. Kindness and respect are building a friendly community. 5. A good city needs to consider both people’s daily needs and the city’s long-term future. 【答案】1. creativity 2. certainly 3. development 4. at the heart of 5. plan 【解析】1. 句意：老师们经常组织实践活动来鼓励学生在科学课上的创造力。根据“organize hands-on activities to encourage students’...”可知，组织实践活动是为了鼓励学生某种能力，结合所给词，“create”的名词形式“creativity”符合语境，表示鼓励学生的创造力。 2. 句意：如果你明天乘早班车，你肯定会按时到达会议现场。根据语境可知，此处表示肯定会按时到达会议现场，应用certain的副词形式certainly，修饰动词arrive。 3. 句意：公共交通的发展使人们在这个城市里旅行变得容易多了。根据语境可知，此处表示公共交通的发展，应用develop的名词形式development，表示“发展”。 4. 句意：善良和尊重是构建友好社区的核心。根据“Kindness and respect are...building a friendly community.”可知，善良和尊重在构建友好社区这件事中处于重要位置，结合所给词，“at the heart of”符合语境，表示善良和尊重是构建友好社区的核心。 5. 句意：一个好的城市规划需要考虑人们的日常需求和城市的长期未来。根据“needs to consider both people’s daily needs and the city’s long-term future”可知，需要考虑这些因素的是某个与城市相关的计划或规划，结合所给词，“plan”符合语境，“a good city plan”表示一个好的城市规划。 Exercise 14 用方框中所给单词或短语的适当形式填空（有一个单词或短语多余） mud  report  lie  offer public  be happy about 1. It’s important to follow the rules in places like parks and subway stations to keep the environment orderly. 2. After the heavy rain, the path in the park became , so we had to walk carefully. 3. —China is taking action to help people manage their weight and lead healthier lives. — Yes. The government a three-year “Weight Management Year” program already. 4. The cameras kept working to record the important moments of the events. 5. There are some fallen leaves on the ground in the park and workers will clean them up this afternoon. 【答案】1. public 2. muddy 3. has offered 4. reporters’ 5. lying 【解析】1.   句意：在像公园和地铁站这样的公共场所遵守规则很重要，以保持环境有序。空格处需要一个形容词修饰名词places“场所”。方框中“public”为形容词，意为“公共的”，“public places”表示“公共场所”，符合句意。其他选项中，mud“泥”，名词；report“报道”，动词/名词；lie“躺”，动词；offer“提供”，动词；be happy about“对……满意”，固定短语；均不符合语义。 2. 句意：大雨过后，公园里的小路变得泥泞，所以我们不得不小心走路。空格处需要一个形容词作表语，描述小路的状态。方框中mud为名词，意为“泥”，其形容词形式muddy“泥泞的”，符合句意，说明小路因下雨变得泥泞。其他选项中，public“公共的”，（已用于第1题）、“report”等均不符合语境。 3. 句意：——中国正在采取行动帮助人们控制体重，过上更健康的生活。——是的。政府已经提供了一个为期三年的“体重管理年”计划。空格处需要一个动词作谓语，根据句中already“已经”可知，句子应用现在完成时(have/has+过去分词)。方框中“offer”为动词，意为“提供”，主语the government“政府”，是第三人称单数，现在完成时结构为has offered，符合句意。其他选项中，mud、report等均不符合时态和语义要求，故排除。 4. 句意：记者们的相机一直在工作，记录事件的重要时刻。 空格处需要一个名词所有格修饰cameras“相机”，表示“……的相机”。方框中report为动词，意为“报道”，其名词形式为reporter“记者”，复数形式reporters，其所有格为reporters’，表示“记者们的”，符合句意。其他选项中，mud、lie等均无法构成名词所有格修饰“cameras”，故排除。 5. 句意：公园里有一些落叶在地上，工人们今天下午会清理它们。 句子结构为“there be+主语+doing”，表示“有……正在做某事”，空格处需用动词的现在分词形式。方框中“lie”为动词，意为“躺”，其现在分词为lying，fallen leaves lying on the ground表示“落在地上的叶子”，符合句意。其他选项中，mud、report等均不符合非谓语动词的用法，故排除。 Exercise 15 从方框中选择适当的短语并用其正确的形式填空（每词限用一次）。 used to,  make a living,  a wealth of,  at the heart of,  high-speed train 1. The new railway station is the city’s transportation network. 2. The exhibition provides information about the evolution of cars. 3. Before becoming a pilot, she by giving driving lessons. 4. have become very popular in many countries for long-distance travel. 5. People rely on horses for transportation, but now cars are common. 【答案】1. at the heart of 2. a wealth of 3. made a living 4. High-speed trains 5. used to 【解析】1. 句意：新火车站是城市交通网络的核心。根据“the city’s transportation network”可知，此处描述新火车站在交通网络中的核心地位，“at the heart of”意为“在……的核心”，符合语境。故填at the heart of。 2. 句意：展览提供了大量关于汽车演变的信息。根据“information about the evolution of cars”可知，展览提供了丰富的信息，“a wealth of”意为“大量的、丰富的”，可修饰不可数名词information。故填a wealth of。 3. 句意：在成为飞行员之前，她靠教授驾驶课谋生。根据“by giving driving lessons”可知，她通过授课维持生计，“make a living”意为“谋生”；由“Before becoming a pilot”可知，此处描述过去的行为，应用一般过去时，make的过去式为made。故填made a living。 4. 句意：高铁在许多国家的长途旅行中变得非常流行。根据“for long-distance travel”可知，此处指适合长途旅行的交通工具，“high-speed train”意为“高铁”；句中谓语为“have become”，主语需用复数形式。故填High-speed trains。 5. 句意：人们过去依赖马匹作为交通工具，但现在汽车很普遍。根据“but now cars are common”可知，此处对比过去和现在的交通方式，“used to”意为“过去常常”，符合语境。故填used to。 12 / 12乐思英语 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $