Unit 2 单元练习（1）2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）八年级英语下册

2025学年八年级英语（沪教版）（2024）Unit 2 单元练习1 一、单词适当形式填空 1. The scientist’s ________ (invent) have made a great difference to medical development. 2. It’s ________ (surprise) that the young boy created a new kind of smart watch by himself. 3. After years of ________ (research), Tu Youyou finally found the active part in qinghao. 4. This machine was ________ (wide) used in factories after it was improved last year. 5. We should learn from his spirit of ________ (persevere) when facing difficulties in study. 6. The ________ (discover) of the new star made the astronomers very excited. 7. He speaks English so ________ (fluent) that he can communicate with foreign scientists easily. 8. It’s ________ (usual) for a child to make such a great invention at the age of eight. 9. The ________ (develop) of AI technology has changed many people’s working ways. 10. She ________ (success) in finishing the experiment after hundreds of times of failure. 11. This kind of medicine is ________ (effect) in treating the common cold. 12. The teacher encouraged us to do some ________ (create) work in the science project. 二、短语运用（选择最恰当的短语，并以适当形式填入。每个短语不限使用次数） by accident turn ... into stop ... from find out spread knowledge look for take pride in 1. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin ________ when he forgot to clean his lab after a holiday. 2. The hard-working scientists ________ the common plant ________ a kind of life-saving medicine. 3. The heavy rain ________ the students ________ going on the outdoor science trip last Friday. 4. Every teacher hopes to ________ to students and help them grow up better. 5. We need to ________ the reason why the old invention lost its value through careful study. 6. The little boy ________ his lost toy in the park for two hours before his parents helped him. 7. All Chinese people ________ Tu Youyou for her great contribution to world medicine. 8. A sudden power cut ________ the workers ________ completing the production on time. 9. The research team ________ the secret of the strange natural phenomenon after months of work. 10. We should ________ what we have learned in class to more people around us. 三、句型转换 （A）按要求改写句子，每空一词 1. The steam engine is a very important invention in history.（改为感叹句） ________ ________ important invention the steam engine is in history! 2. The first computer was invented in the world in 1946.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ the first computer invented in the world? 3. The internet makes people get all kinds of information more easily.（改为被动语态） People ________ ________ to get all kinds of information more easily by the internet. 4. Penicillin can stop all kinds of bad bacteria from growing in the human body.（改为否定句） Penicillin ________ ________ all kinds of bad bacteria from growing in the human body. 5. People use the compass to find the right directions when they travel in the wild.（对划线部分提问） ________ ________ people use the compass to do when they travel in the wild? 6. The telephone makes people’s communication all over the world much more convenient.（改为感叹句） ________ ________ the telephone makes people’s communication all over the world! （B）连词成句 1. great, why, do, you, think, discoveries, are, important, scientific (?) __________________________________________________________________________________ 2. inventions, our, every, make, day, easier, and, modern, more, colourful (.) __________________________________________________________________________________ 四、翻译题 1. 造纸术作为中国古代的四大发明之一，不仅帮助人们传播知识，还推动了世界文化的发展。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 那位德国科学家在做电学实验时偶然发现了X射线，这项发现后来被广泛应用于医院的疾病检查。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. 屠呦呦和她的团队从古代医学典籍中获得灵感，成功提取出了青蒿素并拯救了数百万疟疾患者的生命。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 4. 许多伟大的科学发现都源于科学家们的坚持和细心，偶然的机会往往只留给有准备的人。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. 现代科技发明让我们的日常生活变得更加便捷，我们也应该学会合理使用这些发明让生活更美好。 ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 五、阅读理解简答 The first practical camera was invented by a Frenchman named Louis Daguerre in 1839, and this great creation completely changed the way people recorded the world around them. Before the birth of the camera, people could only rely on painting or writing to keep precious moments in mind, which not only took a lot of time but also required excellent painting skills and rich language expression ability. Only a few talented people could do this well, so most ordinary people had no way to leave a real and vivid record of their lives. The first practical camera was quite different from the cameras we use now. It was huge and heavy, and it needed a lot of complicated equipment to work properly. What’s more, taking a photo with it was a tough task: it took about 30 minutes to take just a single photo, and the people being photographed had to keep completely still for the whole time. Even a small move would make the picture blurry and useless, so many early photos showed people with stiff and serious expressions. As time went by, more and more scientists and inventors paid attention to the camera and started to improve it. They made the camera smaller and lighter, and shortened the time of taking a photo from 30 minutes to a few seconds. In the 20th century, with the development of industrial technology, small film cameras appeared and quickly became popular all over the world. These cameras were easy to carry and use, so ordinary people could buy them and take photos of their families, trips and happy moments anytime and anywhere. Since then, taking photos has become a common activity in people’s daily life. Now, with the rapid development of digital technology and the popularity of smart phones, the camera has changed again. Almost every smart phone has a built-in digital camera that can take clear and beautiful photos in just a second, and people can even edit and share the photos online right after taking them. What’s more, cameras are no longer just tools for recording daily life. They play an extremely important role in scientific research: astronomers use high-precision cameras to take photos of distant stars and galaxies in the universe, marine scientists use underwater cameras to record the lives of deep-sea creatures, and biologists use micro cameras to observe tiny living things that the human eye can’t see. From the huge and clumsy first camera to the small and smart digital camera in our phones, the development of the camera has gone through more than 180 years. It not only makes it easier for people to record their own lives but also helps humans see the world more clearly and deeply, and this is the greatest value of this great invention. Questions： 1. Who invented the first practical camera and in which year? ________________________________________________________________________ 2. What was the problem of taking photos with the first practical camera? ________________________________________________________________________ 3. What kind of cameras became popular worldwide in the 20th century and why? ________________________________________________________________________ 4. What important roles do cameras play in scientific research now? ________________________________________________________________________ 六、书面表达 以”The most useful invention in my view”为题，写一篇不少于80词的短文，阐述你认为最有用的发明，说明至少两个原因，适当使用连接词，观点明确。 要求：1. 语法正确，语句通顺，无明显拼写错误；2. 层次清晰，逻辑连贯；3. 字迹工整。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 参考答案及解析 一、单词适当形式填空 1. inventions（动词变名词，复数形式，由have可知主语为复数，表“发明物”） 2. surprising（动词变形容词，修饰事物，表“令人惊讶的”） 3. research（动词变名词，不可数，表“研究”） 4. widely（形容词变副词，修饰动词used，表“广泛地”） 5. perseverance（动词变名词，表“坚持”，抽象不可数名词） 6. discovery（动词变名词，表“发现”，特指该发现用单数） 7. fluently（形容词变副词，修饰动词speaks，表“流利地”） 8. unusual（形容词变反义词，表“不寻常的”，契合语境） 9. development（动词变名词，表“发展”，抽象不可数名词） 10. succeeded（形容词变动词，一般过去时，表“成功做某事”） 11. effective（名词变形容词，be effective in 表“在……方面有效”） 12. creative（动词变形容词，修饰名词work，表“创造性的”） 二、短语运用 1. by accident（表“偶然”，契合青霉素偶然被发现的语境） 2. turned; into（表“把……变成……”，一般过去时，契合科学研究的动作背景） 3. stopped; from（表“阻止……做……”，last Friday提示一般过去时） 4. spread knowledge（表“传播知识”，hope to 后接动词原形） 5. find out（表“查明、找出”，need to 后接动词原形） 6. looked for（表“寻找”，for two hours提示一般过去时） 7. take pride in（表“为……感到自豪”，一般现在时，主语为复数） 8. stopped; from（表“阻止……做……”，一般过去时，契合语境） 9. found out（表“发现、查明”，一般过去时，表研究结果） 10. spread knowledge（表“传播知识”，should 后接动词原形） 三、句型转换 （A）按要求改写句子 1. What an（感叹句结构：What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语） 2. When was（对时间提问用when，被动语态的特殊疑问句将be动词提前） 3. are made（一般现在时被动语态：am/is/are + 过去分词，主语people为复数） 4. can’t stop（情态动词can的否定形式为can’t，后接动词原形） 5. What do（对动作内容提问用what，一般现在时，主语people为复数，助动词用do） 6. How convenient（感叹句结构：How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语） （B）连词成句 1. Why do you think great scientific discoveries are important? 2. Modern inventions make our everyday life easier and more colourful. 四、翻译题 1. As one of the Four Great Inventions of ancient China, paper-making not only helps people spread knowledge but also promotes the development of world culture. 2. The German scientist discovered X-rays by accident when he was doing electricity experiments, and the discovery was later widely used in disease examination in hospitals. 3. Tu Youyou and her team got inspiration from ancient medical classics, successfully extracted qinghaosu and saved the lives of millions of malaria patients. 4. Many great scientific discoveries come from scientists’ perseverance and carefulness, and accidental chances are always only for those who are well prepared. 5. Modern scientific and technological inventions make our daily life more convenient, and we should also learn to use these inventions properly to make life better. 五、阅读理解简答 1. A Frenchman named Louis Daguerre invented it in 1839. 2. It was huge, took 30 mins per photo and people had to keep still all the time. 3. Small film cameras; they were easy to carry and use for ordinary people. 4. They help record stars, deep-sea creatures and tiny living things for scientists. 六、书面表达 参考范文 The most useful invention in my view In my view, the most useful invention in the world is the internet. It has changed our life in many important ways and become a necessary part of our daily life. First, it makes communication more convenient than ever before. No matter how far we are from our family and friends, we can chat with them by video call or send messages in a second. Besides, the internet is a great helper for our study and work. We can look up all kinds of useful information, take online lessons and even finish our work at home through it. What’s more, it brings us a lot of fun in our spare time. We can listen to music, watch movies and read interesting books online easily, and we can also make new friends with people from different places. The internet not only connects the whole world into a big family but also makes our life more wonderful and colorful. I believe with the continuous development of technology, the internet will bring more unexpected benefits to people all over the world in the future. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $