Unit 2 Morals and Virtues Words and Expressions 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第三册

Words and Expressions 新人教版必修第三册 Words and Expressions Unit 2 Morals and Virtues moral ['m r l ] adj. 道德的; 道义上的 n. 品行; 道德; 寓意 1. 与人或行为相关的搭配(侧重“品行、道德”) high moral standards高的道德标准 She is respected by everyone because she has high moral standards. Lose one's morals 丧失道德观念 Moral character / Moral fiber 道德品质 / 道德素质(Fiber 指内在的坚韧品质)。 Moral obligation道义上的责任 / 义务 morality n.道德,品行,正当性 morally adv.道德上;有道德地;确实地 反:immoral adj.不道德的;邪恶的 moral ['m r l ] adj. 道德的; 道义上的 n. 品行; 道德; 寓意 Moral support Even if I can't give you money, I'll always give you moral support. 2. 与故事或教训相关的搭配(侧重“寓意、教训”) The moral of ……的道德教训/寓意 The moral of the story is that honesty is the best policy. Draw a moral from...从……中吸取教训。 moral ['m r l ] adj. 道德的; 道义上的 n. 品行; 道德; 寓意 3. 常见形容词用法 (Moral vs. Immoral vs. Amoral) Moral dilemma / conflict:道德困境(指在两个都不完美的选择中难以抉择)。 Immoral:不道德的(指违背道德准则的行为,如撒谎、欺骗)。 Amoral:与道德无关的 / 不分是非的(指缺乏道德感,或者某件事本身不涉及道德判断,比如天气好坏)。 moral ['m r l ] adj. 道德的; 道义上的 n. 品行; 道德; 寓意 易混点辨析 Moral 和 Morale: Moral (形容词/名词):道德的 / 寓意。 Morale (名词):士气。例如:Keep up morale (鼓舞士气),High/Low morale (士气高涨/低落)。 virtue ['v t u ]: n. 高尚的道德; 美德; 优秀品质 核心短语:By (in) virtue of by virtue of 凭借 = by means of By virtue of experience / talent 凭借经验 / 天赋 In virtue of the law 根据法律 She got the job by virtue of her hard work and determination. virtually adv. 事实上,几乎 virtue ['v t u ]: n. 高尚的道德; 美德; 优秀品质 常见美德搭配 Virtue of patience / honesty / humility / kindness 耐心 / 诚实 / 谦逊 / 善良的美德。 Cardinal virtues (基本道德):通常指 Prudence, Justice, Temperance, and Fortitude。 traditional virtues传统美德 virtually adv. 事实上,几乎 virtue ['v t u ]: n. 高尚的道德; 美德; 优秀品质 关于“贞洁”的特定用法 Defend one's virtue 保卫自己的贞操。 A woman of virtue 贞洁的女子。 名言与常用句型 Virtue is its own reward. 行善本身就是一种回报 Make a virtue of necessity 将无奈之举说成是一种美德 Paragon of virtue 道德典范 virtually adv. 事实上,几乎 virtue ['v t u ]: n. 高尚的道德; 美德; 优秀品质 易混点辨析 Virtue vs. Value: Virtue 更侧重于内在的、道德层面的优良品质,或者某种抽象的优点(如简洁是一种美德)。 Value 含义更广,可以指价值观、价值、重要性,不一定局限于道德范畴(例如金钱价值、实用价值)。 dilemma [ d 'lem ] n. 进退两难的境地; 困境 be in a dilemma 处于困境中 I'm caught in a dilemma about whether to accept the job offer or wait for a better one. Put sb into/in a dilemma 使某人陷入困境 His sudden resignation put the team in a dilemma. Catch sb in a dilemma 使某人陷入困境 I was caught in a dilemma about whether to tell her the truth. 书面写作/高级表达: 用 "place/leave sb on the horns of a dilemma" dilemma [ d 'lem ] n. 进退两难的境地; 困境 Get out of the dilemma 摆脱进退两难的境地 Face the dilemma about/of… 面对……困境 The company faces a dilemma between cutting costs and maintaining quality. Moral dilemma 道德困境 Telling the truth would hurt his feelings, but lying would be wrong—it's a real moral dilemma. faint [fe nt] v.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的; 微弱的 1. 作形容词 (Adjective):表示“微弱的、模糊的” A faint sound / light / smell 微弱的声音 / 光线 / 气味 I heard a faint noise coming from the basement. A faint hope / memory / chance 渺茫的希望 / 模糊的记忆 / 微乎其微的机会。 He still has a faint hope that she will come back. faint [fe nt] v.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的; 微弱的 1. 作形容词 (Adjective):表示“微弱的、模糊的” a faint glow/glimmer/light 微弱的光亮 / 闪光 / 光 a faint smile 淡淡一笑 Faint-hearted 意志薄弱的 / 胆小的 Faint heart never wins fair lady. (胆小的人永远得不到美人的青睐。) faint [fe nt] v.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的; 微弱的 2. 作动词/名词:表示“昏厥、晕倒” Faint away昏倒 / 晕过去 She fainted away when she saw the blood. Faint at the sight/sound of... 一看到/听到……就晕倒 He nearly fainted at the sight of the accident. Have/Take a faint 晕厥一次(英式英语中较常见) The old lady took a faint in the supermarket. faint [fe nt] v.昏倒;晕厥 adj.不清楚的; 微弱的 3. 常用短语与习语 Make a faint attempt 做一下敷衍了事的尝试 / 稍微试一下。 He made a faint attempt to apologize, but he didn't sound sincere. Faint at the sight/sound of... 一看到/听到……就晕倒 He nearly fainted at the sight of the accident. Keep/Bear up (Don't faint!) 撑住 / 别晕倒 ilustrate / l stre t / vt. (举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图 illustrate with... 用…来说明;给…配上插图 The teacher illustrated the lesson with some interesting stories. (老师用一些有趣的故事来讲授这堂课。) illustrate by facts 用事实说明。 We should illustrate our theory by facts. (我们应该用事实来阐明我们的理论。) illustrative adj ilustrate / l stre t / vt. (举例)说明;阐明;给(书或文章)加插图 illustrate + that 从句 表明…;说明…。 This example illustrates that hard work leads to success. (这个例子说明努力工作会带来成功。) be illustrative of 是…的例证 for illustrative purposes 仅为说明目的 This case study is illustrative of a common problem in the industry. (这个案例研究是该行业中一个普遍问题的例证。) illustrative adj entrust / n tr st/ vt. 委托;交付 entrust sb. with sth. 委托某人(负责)某事;将某物托付给某人。 The manager entrusted him with the important project. (经理将那个重要项目委托给了他。) Can I entrust you with a secret? (我能告诉你一个秘密吗?) entrust sth. to sb. 将某事/某物委托给某人。 She entrusted her children to my care for the weekend. (她把孩子托付给我照顾一个周末。) He entrusted the arrangement of the meeting to his assistant. (他把会议的筹备工作交给了他的助手。) carry out 执行、实施、完成(计划、任务、命令、承诺等)。 The government is trying to carry out a series of new policies. (政府正在努力实施一系列新政策。) carry on 1.继续(做某事)。2.经营、开展(生意、活动等)。 Please carry on with your work. (请继续你的工作。) He carries on a small business in the town. (他在镇上经营着一个小生意。) carry / k ri/搬运、运送、携带 carry off 成功地完成(困难的事)。赢得(奖项、荣誉等) She carried off the difficult task with ease. (她轻松地完成了那项艰巨的任务。) He carried off the first prize in the competition. (他在比赛中赢得了一等奖。) carry through 帮助(某人)渡过(难关)。顺利实现、完成(计划等)。 His determination carried him through the illness. (他的决心帮助他度过了疾病难关。) We need to carry this plan through to the end. (我们需要将这个计划执行到底。) carry / k ri/搬运、运送、携带 carry away 1.拿走、冲走。2. 使(某人)入迷、激动得失去自制力(常用于被动语态 be carried away)。 The flood carried away the bridge. (洪水冲走了那座桥。) Don't get carried away by momentary success. (不要被一时的成功冲昏了头脑。) carry forward 1.发扬(精神、传统等)。2.推进(项目、工作等)。3.(会计术语)结转(账目)。 We must carry forward the spirit of hard work. (我们必须发扬艰苦奋斗的精神。) carry / k ri/搬运、运送、携带 The accountant carried forward the balance to the next period. (会计将余额结转到了下一期。) carry weight 有分量、有影响力。 His opinion carries a lot of weight in the company. (他的意见在公司里很有分量。) carry the can (for sb./sth.) (英式口语)替(某人/某事)背黑锅、承担责任(尤指不该自己承担的责任)。 When the project failed, the junior staff had to carry the can. (项目失败后,初级员工不得不背黑锅。) carry / k ri/搬运、运送、携带 carry over 遗留下来、延期、延续。 The habit carries over from his childhood. (这个习惯是从他童年时代保留下来的。) carry back 使回忆起。 The smell of the sea carried her back to her childhood. (大海的气味使她回忆起了童年。) carry / k ri/搬运、运送、携带 marriage ['m r d ] n. 结婚; 婚姻 marry sb 与某人结婚 He is going to marry his college sweetheart. (他要娶他的大学恋人了。) be married (to sb) (与……结婚)【表状态】 (强调婚姻状态,可以延续) She has been married to a doctor for five years. marry v.结婚 married adj.已婚的 unmarried adj.未婚的 marriage ['m r d ] n. 结婚; 婚姻 get married (to sb) (与……结婚) 【表动作】 (强调状态的改变,是瞬间动作) They got married ten years ago. Marry A to B 将A和B结合在一起(常用于神父或司仪) The priest married the couple to each other in holy matrimony. marriage ['m r d ] n. 结婚; 婚姻 Marry into (money/fame/a family)通过结婚进入(某个家庭/阶层),通常指嫁入豪门或娶了富家女。 She married into a wealthy family. Marry up (with...) 结合、配套 We need to marry up our skills with the latest technology. majority [m 'd r ti] n. 大部分;大多数 1. 核心介词搭配 The majority of + 名词 ……中的大多数(注意谓语动词的单复数通常取决于 of 后面的名词。) The majority of students are present. (复数) The majority of the work is done. (单数) a majority of...大多数… major adj.主要的; v.主修;n.专业;主修课程 minor adj. 少数的(反义词) minority n.少数;少数民族 majority [m 'd r ti] n. 大部分;大多数 1. 核心介词搭配 be in a/the majority占大部分/大多数 Those who support the plan are in the majority. be in the minority占少数 Major in 主修…… 2. 常见形容词修饰语 Vast majority 绝大多数 / 压倒性多数(非常常用!) The vast majority of customers were satisfied with the service. majority [m 'd r ti] n. 大部分;大多数 2. 常见形容词修饰语 Overwhelming majority Clear majority He won the election with a clear majority. 3. 典型语境搭配 Win by a majority 以多数票获胜。 Simple majority 简单多数(指超过一半,但未达到特定高比例,如 51%) Majority opinion / view多数人的观点 / 舆论主流。 Majority shareholder / stakeholder 控股股东 / 主要利益相关者。 complain [k m'ple n] v.抱怨; 埋怨; 发牢骚 ️ complain (to sb. )about sth. 向某人抱怨某事 = make a complaint to sb. about sth. complain about/of sth: 抱怨; 埋怨 Many customers complained about the poor service. I'm going to complain to the manager. (我要去向经理投诉。) complain (to sb.) that+句子 (向某人)抱怨…… make a complaint 投诉 a letter of complaint 投诉信 complaint n. 抱怨 类似变化:weigh称重 weight重量; join连接 joint接头 respond [r 'sp nd] v.回答;回复; 做出反应; 回应 respond to sb/sth 对……对出反应/答复 She didn't respond to my email. (她没有回复我的邮件。) The patient is slowly responding to the treatment. (病人正在慢慢对治疗产生反应(好转)。) in response to 为了回应;作为对……的回应 make/give (no) response to 对……(不)做出反应/回答 response n. 反应;回答;回复 respond [r 'sp nd] v.回答;回复; 做出反应; 回应 respond with + 名词/句子 以……作为回应 He asked her to leave, and she responded with anger. (他让她离开,她愤怒地回击了。) respond that... When asked about his plans, he responded that he hadn't decided yet. (当被问及他的计划时,他回答说他还没决定。) reject ['ri d ekt] v. 拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收 reject sb./sth: 拒绝接受; 不录用; 拒收 The committee rejected the proposal. (委员会驳回了这项提案。) He applied for the job, but he was rejected. (他申请了那份工作,但未被录用。) She rejected his unwelcome advances. (她拒绝了他不受欢迎的示好。) rejection n.拒绝;抛弃;否决 reject ['ri d ekt] v. 拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收 reject doing sth 拒绝做某事 Modernism seeks new forms and rejects believing in traditional ideas. (现代主义追求新的形式,并拒绝相信传统观念。) He rejected going along with their plan. (他拒绝参与他们的计划。) rejection n.拒绝;抛弃;否决 reject ['ri d ekt] v. 拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收 reject ... as ... The board rejected the idea as being too risky. (董事会以风险过高为由拒绝了这个想法。) They rejected the offer as insufficient. (他们认为报价不足,因而予以拒绝。) rejection n.拒绝;抛弃;否决 reject ['ri d ekt] v. 拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收 “Reject” vs. “Refuse” 虽然两者都表示“拒绝”,但用法和侧重点有所不同: Reject:语气更重,更正式。常用于官方决定、筛选过程或医学领域,带有“因不合格、不理想而抛弃”的意味。 Refuse:使用范围更广,可以用于日常口语,强调“不愿意给予或接受”。 rejection n.拒绝;抛弃;否决 reject ['ri d ekt] v. 拒绝接受;不录用; 拒收 “Reject” vs. “Respond” 你上次问的“Respond”强调的是“对刺激作出反应或答复”,而“Reject”则完全是相反的意思,它是“不予接受、断然拒绝”。例如: Respond to an email:回复一封邮件。 Reject an offer:拒绝一个提议。 rejection n.拒绝;抛弃;否决 appoint [ 'p nt] v. 任命;委派 appoint sb as/ to be …… 任命某人为…… The company appointed a new manager. (公司任命了一位新经理。) They appointed her (as/to be) team leader. (他们任命她为团队负责人。) He was appointed to be president of the university. (他被任命为大学校长。) appointment n.任命;约定 appointed adj.约定的的;指定的 appoint [ 'p nt] v. 任命;委派 appoint sb to do sth 任命某人去做某事 We must appoint someone to take charge of this matter. (我们必须委派一个人来负责这件事。) The teacher appointed me to call the roll today. (老师指派我今天点名。) make/have an appointment with sb. 与某人预约/约会 keep/break an/the appointment 守/违(爽)约 elect [ 'lekt] v. 选举;推选; 决定 elect sb (as/ to be) …… 选举某人为…… We elected him (as) chairman. (我们选他当主席。) They elected him (to be) monitor. (他们选他当班长。) They elected Nixon President. (他们选尼克松当总统。) elect to do sth 决定做某事 She elected to take early retirement. (她选择了提前退休。) elect sb. to sth. 选举某人进入某机构/担任某职 a general election 大选 election n.选举;推选 tend [tend] v. 照顾; 照料; 倾向; 趋于 tend sb 照顾,照料 She tends her garden every weekend. (她每个周末都打理花园。) Nurses tended the wounded soldiers. (护士们照料受伤的士兵。) tend to sb./sth. 处理、关照”某人的需求或某件事务 Ambulance crews were tending to the injured. (救护车工作人员正在照料伤员。) I have to tend to some business. (我得去处理一些事务。) tendency n.趋势 tend [tend] v. 照顾; 照料; 倾向; 趋于 tend to/ towards sth 趋向于 His views tend towards the extreme. (他的观点趋于偏激。) tend to do sth 往往,倾向于 People tend to need less sleep as they get older. (随着年龄增长,人们需要的睡眠往往会减少。) have a tendency to do sth. 有做某事的倾向。 tendency n.趋势 principle ['pr ns pl] n.道德原则; 法则; 原则 a man of principle 有原则的人 On principle 基于原则、出于原则 She refused to answer the question on principle. (她出于原则拒绝回答这个问题。) He never arrives late on principle. (他本着原则从不迟到。) 形近词: principal adj.最重要的,主要的 n.校长 principle ['pr ns pl] n.道德原则; 法则; 原则 in principle 原则上;理论上 I agree with the idea in principle, but I have doubts about the details. (我原则上同意这个想法,但对细节有疑虑。) It is possible in principle, but difficult in practice. (这在理论上是可能的,但在实践中很难。) stick to the principles 坚持原则 形近词: principal adj.最重要的,主要的 n.校长 principle ['pr ns pl] n.道德原则; 法则; 原则 The principle behind sth. (……背后的原理) A matter of principle (原则问题) Based on the principle of... (基于……的原则) Basic / Fundamental / Core principle 基本/根本/核心原则 Guiding principle 指导方针/原则 Moral / Ethical principle 道德/伦理准则 Scientific / Working principle 科学/工作原理 形近词: principal adj.最重要的,主要的 n.校长 scared [ske d] adj. 害怕的; 对…感到惊慌/恐惧的 be scared of sth. 害怕某物 He's scared of spiders. (他害怕蜘蛛。) be scared of doing sth. 害怕做某事 I'm scared of telling her the truth. (我害怕告诉她真相。) be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事 He's scared to tell her what happened. (他不敢告诉她发生了什么。) =afraid/frightened/terrified (adj) scary adj.吓人的,恐怖的 scare v. 惊吓; 使害伯 scary adj.恐怖的;可怕的 scared [ske d] adj. 害怕的; 对…感到惊慌/恐惧的 be scared that... 害怕…… I was scared that you might not be there. (我怕你不在那儿。) be scared to death 吓得要死 scared out of one's wits 吓得魂飞魄散 scare the hell out of sb. 把某人吓坏了(较粗俗的口语表达,慎用。) scared [ske d] adj. 害怕的; 对…感到惊慌/恐惧的 动词 Scare 的常用搭配 scare sb. away / off 把某人/某物吓跑。 If you charge that much, you'll scare customers off. (如果你开价那么高,会把顾客吓跑的。) scare sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事。 You can't scare me into telling you anything. (你吓唬我也没用,我不会告诉你的。) scare up (非正式)凑合弄到、张罗到(食物、钱等)。 Let me see if I can scare up something to eat. (我看看能不能弄点吃的来。) sharp [ p ] adj.(增长/下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的 1.锋利的;尖的 a sharp knife 锋利的刀 sharp teeth 尖利的牙齿 2. 急剧的;骤然的 a sharp rise/increase 急剧上升 a sharp bend 急转弯 sharply adv.严厉地;猛烈地;急剧地 sharpen v.使变锋利 sharpener n.铅笔刀;磨具 an sharp increase sharp [ p ] adj.(增长/下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的 3.敏锐的;聪明的:指头脑、感官(如视觉、听觉)反应快,洞察力强。 sharp eyes敏锐的眼睛 a sharp mind (敏捷的头脑) 4. 清晰的;鲜明的:指轮廓、图像、对比度等清楚分明。 a sharp contrast (鲜明的对比); a sharp image (清晰的图像)。 sharply adv.严厉地;猛烈地;急剧地 sharpen v.使变锋利 sharpener n.铅笔刀;磨具 sharp [ p ] adj.(增长/下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的 5. 严厉的;尖刻的:指言语或态度突然、严厉且可能伤人。 sharp criticism尖锐的批评 a sharp cry 尖叫 6.时髦的;帅气的:(非正式用法) 指衣着打扮时尚、有型。 a sharp suit (一套帅气的西装); a sharp dresser (衣着时髦的人) sharply adv.严厉地;猛烈地;急剧地 sharpen v.使变锋利 sharpener n.铅笔刀;磨具 sharp [ p ] adj.(增长/下跌等)急剧的;锋利的;明显的 7.剧烈的;强烈的:指疼痛等感觉来得突然而强烈。 a sharp pain (一阵剧痛)。 8.刺骨的;凛冽的:形容寒风或霜冻。 a sharp wind (刺骨的寒风)。 sharply adv.严厉地;猛烈地;急剧地 sharpen v.使变锋利 sharpener n.铅笔刀;磨具 accident [' ks d nt ] n.事故;车祸;失事 by accident/chance / mistake 偶然地,意外地 We met by accident at the airport. (我们在机场偶然相遇了。) I deleted the file by accident. (我不小心删除了那个文件。) by sheer accident 纯属偶然(强调完全无意)。 It happened by sheer accident. (这纯属偶然。) accidental adj.意外的 accidentally adv.意外地 accident [' ks d nt ] n.事故;车祸;失事 by design = on purpose 有意地, 故意地 a car/ road/ traffic accident 车祸/公路事故/交通 The road was blocked due to a traffic accident. (由于交通事故,道路被封锁了。) serious / severe accident 严重事故 It was a serious accident that caused three deaths. (这是一起造成三人死亡的严重事故。) accident [' ks d nt ] n.事故;车祸;失事 have an accident 出事故 She had an accident while riding her bike. (她骑车时出了事故。) cause an accident:导致事故 Speeding can cause serious accidents. (超速会导致严重事故。) avoid / prevent an accident:避免/预防事故 Drive carefully to avoid accidents. (小心驾驶以避免事故。) operation [ p 're n] n. 手术;企业;经营 核心介词短语 (必背) be in operation在运转;在行动中;在实施中 The new law is now in operation. (新法律现已生效。) out of operation 停止运转;失效 The machine is temporarily out of operation. (这台机器暂时停止运转。) operate v. 操作; 使用; 动手术 operator n.操作员;经营者 cooperation n.合作 operation [ p 're n] n. 手术;企业;经营 come/go into operation开始工作/生效 The factory came into operation in 2020. (这家工厂于2020年开始运营。) put/bring...into operation实施;实行 They plan to put the new system into operation next month. (他们计划下个月启用新系统。) operation [ p 're n] n. 手术;企业;经营 医疗场景 (Medical) operate on/upon sb. 给某人动手术 have an operation / undergo an operation:做手术 She had to undergo an operation on her knee. (她不得不接受膝盖手术。) major / minor operation:大/小手术 It was a minor operation to remove a cyst. (这只是个切除囊肿的小手术。) perform an operation:施行手术 The surgeon performed the operation successfully. (外科医生成功地施行了手术。) operation [ p 're n] n. 手术;企业;经营 商业与管理场景 (Business & Management) business operations:业务运营 The company has banking operations overseas. (这家公司在海外有银行业务。) cost of operations:运营成本 We need to reduce the cost of operations. (我们需要降低运营成本。) smooth operation:平稳运行 The smooth operation of the factory is vital. (工厂的平稳运行至关重要。) operation [ p 're n] n. 手术;企业;经营 ️ 军事与警务场景 (Military & Police) military operation:军事行动 例如:Bad weather hindered the military operation. (恶劣天气阻碍了军事行动。) rescue operation:救援行动 例如:A large-scale rescue operation was launched. (一场大规模的救援行动已经展开。) search and destroy operation:搜剿行动 operation [ p 're n] n. 手术;企业;经营 数学与计算机场景 (Math & Tech) mathematical operation:数学运算 例如:Addition is a basic mathematical operation. (加法是一种基本的数学运算。) operating system (OS):操作系统 (注意这里用的是动名词 Operating) 例如:Windows is a popular operating system. (Windows 是流行的操作系统。) Operate ️ 核心用法与搭配 1. 表示“操作、运转” (vt.):表示“操作、控制”某物。 operate a machine / device / vehicle (操作机器/设备/车辆) Do you know how to operate this new coffee maker? (你知道怎么用这个新咖啡机吗?) Operate ️ 核心用法与搭配 1. 表示“操作、运转” (vi.):表示机器、系统等“运转、运行”。 例句:The lift doesn't operate properly. (这台电梯运转不正常。) operate under sth 在…条件下运行;在…名义下行事 The company operates under the assumption that the market will grow. (公司基于市场会增长的假设来运营。) operate as sth 以…的身份/形式运作 This organization operates as a charity. (该组织以慈善机构的形式运作。) Operate ️ 核心用法与搭配 2. 表示“经营、管理” (vt.):表示“经营、管理”一个企业或组织。 operate a business / company / restaurant (经营企业/公司/餐馆) They operate franchises in London and Paris. (他们在伦敦和巴黎经营专卖店。) 作不及物动词 (vi.):表示公司或组织“运营、开展业务”。 operate in [a place/field] (在[某地/某领域]运营) operate from [a place] (以[某地]为基地运营) Operate ️ 核心用法与搭配 3. 表示“动手术” operate on sb / sb's body part (给某人/某人的身体部位做手术) 例句:The surgeons will operate on her knee tomorrow. (外科医生明天将给她的膝盖做手术。) 例句:The doctor said I need to be operated on immediately. (医生说我需要立即接受手术。) Operate 4. 表示“起作用、产生影响” operate to sb's advantage/benefit (对某人有利) operate against sth (对…不利;阻碍) 例句:Several factors operated against our success. (有几个因素阻碍了我们的成功。) assist [ 's st] v.帮助; 援助 assist sb to do/in doing sth 帮助某人做某事 The company will assist workers in finding new jobs. (公司将协助工人寻找新工作。) assist sb with/in sth 在某方面帮助某人 例句:The army arrived to assist in the search. (军队赶到协助搜寻。) assistance n.帮助; 援助 assistant n.助手; 助理; 副手 assist [ 's st] v.帮助; 援助 例句:They are looking for volunteers to assist with passing out meals. (他们正在寻找志愿者来帮忙分发餐食。) come to one’s assistance 援助某人 with the assistance/help of... 在……的帮助下 assistance n.帮助; 援助 assistant n.助手; 助理; 副手 assist [ 's st] v.帮助; 援助 assistance (n.):帮助,援助 assistant (n./adj.):助手;助理的 (如:shop assistant 店员) persist (v.):坚持 (per- “始终” + -sist- “站立” 始终站着) resist (v.):抵抗 (re- “反” + -sist- “站立” 站在对立面) consist (v.):组成 (con- “一起” + -sist- “站立” 站在一起) 词根与衍生词 “Assist” 源自拉丁语词根 -sist-,意为“站立 (to stand)”,前缀 as- 表示“在旁边 (to)”。因此,其字面意思是“站在旁边”,引申为“帮助”。 pass away 去世 pass sb sth= pass sth to sb 把某物递给某人 Could you pass me the salt, please? (请把盐递给我好吗?) pass by (从旁边)经过,走过。(时间)流逝。 I saw him passing by the store. (我看见他正经过商店。) Don't let this golden opportunity pass you by. (别让这个黄金机会从你身边溜走。) pass down 把...流传下去,强调下一代 pass away 去世 pass over 忽略,跳过(话题、细节等)。(在晋升或任命时)不公正地排挤或忽略某人。 He felt he was passed over for promotion. (他觉得自己被忽略,没有得到晋升。) pass up 放弃(机会) Don't pass up this chance to study abroad. (不要放弃这个出国留学的机会。) pass away 去世 pass for/as 被当作;冒充 He could pass for a native speaker. (他可以冒充以英语为母语的人。) pass the buck 推卸责任 He always tries to pass the buck to his colleagues. (他总是试图把责任推给同事。) pass muster 符合要求;合格 His work didn't pass muster with the boss. (他的工作没有达到老板的标准。) pass away 去世 pass on 传递,去世(同 “pass away”) We should pass on the good traditions. (我们应该把优良传统传下去。) Please pass on the message to him. (请把这个消息转告给他。) pass on sth.:放弃或拒绝(机会、邀请等)。 I've decided to pass on the party tonight. (我决定不去参加今晚的派对了。) pass away 去世 pass out 分发;分配;昏倒 He passed out from exhaustion. (他因疲惫而晕倒了。) The teacher passed out the worksheets. (老师分发了工作表。) pass through 经过;路过 The car passed the traffic light without stopping. (汽车没有停下,直接通过了红绿灯。) 例句:We passed through several towns on our journey. (我们在旅途中穿过了好几个城镇。) pass up 放弃;错过(机会等) chain [t e n] n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条 a chain of 一连串的;一系列的 a chain of events (一连串事件) a chain of islands/mountains (群岛/山脉) Her resignation triggered a remarkable chain of events. (她的辞职引发了一连串引人注目的事件。) a chain of supermarkets= a supermarket chain: 连锁超市 set off a series of chain reaction 引起一系列的连锁反应 chain [t e n] n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条 in chains (被囚禁,戴着镣铐) The prisoners were kept in chains. (囚犯们被镣铐锁着。) shake off one's chains (摆脱束缚) The country finally freed itself from the chains of dictatorship. (这个国家最终摆脱了独裁统治的枷锁。) chain sb./sth. to sth. (把…锁在…上) He chained his bicycle to a lamppost. (他把自行车锁在了路灯柱上。) chain [t e n] n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条 be chained to sth. (被束缚于…;忙于…无法脱身) 例句:She felt chained to her desk all day. (她感觉自己整天都被束缚在办公桌前。) chain up (用链条锁起来) 例句:The dog was chained up in the yard. (狗被用链子拴在了院子里。) chain [t e n] n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条 chain reaction 连锁反应 The strike could set off a chain reaction across other industries. (这次罢工可能会在其他行业引发连锁反应。) food chain 食物链 Humans are at the top of the food chain. (人类处于食物链的顶端。) supply chain 供应链 The pandemic disrupted the global supply chain. (疫情扰乱了全球供应链。) chain [t e n] n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条 human chain 人链 Volunteers formed a human chain to pass supplies. (志愿者们排成人链来传递物资。) chain store 连锁店 This chain store has branches all over the country. (这家连锁店在全国都有分店。) chain [t e n] n. 一连串(人或事);链子;链条 value chain 价值链 The company aims to optimize every link in its value chain. (公司旨在优化其价值链中的每一个环节。) mountain chain 山脉 The Andes is the longest mountain chain in the world. (安第斯山脉是世界上最长的山脉。) tear [t (r)] n. 眼泪; 泪水 1. 表示“撕扯、破坏” tear sth up 把…撕碎、撕毁(如纸张、文件);拔除(如杂草)。 He angrily tore up the letter. (他生气地把信撕碎了。) tear sth down 拆毁、拆除(如建筑物);诋毁、逐条驳斥(如论点、声誉)。 The city plans to tear down the old factory and build a park. (市政府计划拆除旧工厂并建造一个公园。) tear [t (r)] n. 眼泪; 泪水 作为动词 (Verb) tear /t r/ 1. 表示“撕扯、破坏” tear sth off 从…上撕下或扯掉(某物)。 Tear off the form along the perforations. (沿着虚线撕下表格。) tear sth out 从…中撕下或拔出(某物)。 She tore the page out of her notebook. (她从笔记本上撕下了一页。) tear [t (r)] n. 眼泪; 泪水 1. 表示“撕扯、破坏” tear sth apart 把…弄乱;使…心碎;拆散。 The search for her lost dog tore her apart. (寻找她走失的狗让她心碎欲裂。) tear into sth/sb. 猛烈抨击、严厉责备(某人)。 狼吞虎咽地吃;用力撕扯(某物)。 The critic tore into the new movie, calling it a waste of time. (评论家猛烈抨击这部新电影,称其为浪费时间。) tear [t (r)] n. 眼泪; 泪水 2. 表示“移动” tear out of / into / along... 急速地冲出/冲进/沿着…疾驰。 The children tore out of the classroom as soon as the bell rang. (铃声一响,孩子们就冲出了教室。) 3. 表示“分离” tear sb./sth. away (from sb./sth.) 使(某人)勉强离开;使(某人)恋恋不舍地离开。 It was hard to tear him away from his computer game. (很难让他从电脑游戏中抽身。) tear [t (r)] n. 眼泪; 泪水 作为名词 (Noun) /t r/ burst into tears =burst out crying 突然大哭起来 The child burst into tears when he dropped his ice cream. (孩子把冰淇淋掉在地上后突然大哭起来。) be bathed in tears 泪流满面 be moved to tears 感动得流泪 be close to tears 快流泪了 tear [t (r)] n. 眼泪; 泪水 作为名词 (Noun) /t r/ in tears 流着泪;含着泪 She was in tears after hearing the bad news. (听到坏消息后,她泪流不止。) hold back ones tears 强忍住泪水 shed (a) tear(s) 流泪,掉眼泪。 He didn't shed a single tear at the funeral. (他在葬礼上一滴眼泪也没掉。) tear [t (r)] n. 眼泪; 泪水 wear and tear 磨损,损耗 The sofa shows signs of wear and tear after years of use. (沙发经过多年使用,已显磨损。) tear one's heart out 使…心碎欲裂 Seeing her so sad tore my heart out. (看到她如此伤心,我心都碎了。) a tear in sth. 某物上的一个裂口或破洞。 harm [h m] n./v. 伤害; 损害 be of great harm 危害极大的 do sb/sth harm=do harm to sb/sth 对某人/物有害 Smoking does a lot of harm to your health. (吸烟对你的健康危害很大。) There is no harm (in) doing sth 做某事无害处,不妨做某事 There's no harm in asking for a discount. (问问能不能打折也无妨。) harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的 harm [h m] n./v. 伤害; 损害 bring harm to sb./sth. 给…带来伤害或灾难 The scandal brought great harm to the company's reputation. (丑闻给公司的声誉带来了巨大损害。) cause harm to sb./sth. 对…造成伤害(与 do harm to 同义 The chemical spill caused serious harm to the local ecosystem. (化学品泄漏对当地生态系统造成了严重破坏。) harm [h m] n./v. 伤害; 损害 do more harm than good 弊大于利 Forcing him to study might do more harm than good. (强迫他学习可能会弊大于利。) bodily harm 人身伤害(常指法律语境) He was charged with assault causing actual bodily harm. (他被指控犯有造成实际人身伤害的袭击罪。) come to harm(人)受到伤害或(事物)遭到损坏。 If you take proper precautions, nothing will come to harm. (如果你采取适当的预防措施,就不会出任何问题。) harm [h m] n./v. 伤害; 损害 out of harm's way 处于安全地带,远离危险。 During the storm, we moved the boats out of harm's way. (暴风雨期间,我们把船移到了安全地带。) no harm done 没有造成伤害(或损害);没关系,别担心。常用于回应他人的道歉。 "I'm so sorry I broke your cup." — "It's okay, no harm done." (“很抱歉我打碎了你的杯子。” — “没关系,没造成什么损失。”) be harmful to 对……有害 Excessive sun exposure is harmful to the skin. (过度暴露在阳光下对皮肤有害。) flexible ['fleks bl] adj. 灵活的;可变通的 核心固定搭配 flexible working hours 弹性工作时间 Many tech companies offer flexible working hours to improve work-life balance. (许多科技公司提供弹性工作时间以改善工作与生活的平衡。) flexible schedule / timetable 灵活的日程安排/时间表。 My schedule is quite flexible, so we can meet whenever you like. (我的时间安排很灵活,我们随时可以见面。) flexibly adv. 灵活地 flexibility n.灵活性 inflexible adj.(材料)坚硬的,不能弯曲的 flexible ['fleks bl] adj. 灵活的;可变通的 flexible approach / method 灵活的方法/方式。 We need a flexible approach to solve this complex problem. (我们需要一个灵活的方法来解决这个复杂的问题。) deal with the problems in his work flexibly 在工作中灵活处理问题 be flexible with sth. 对…持灵活态度。 The teacher is flexible with the homework deadline. (老师对作业的截止日期持灵活态度。) flexible ['fleks bl] adj. 灵活的;可变通的 其他常用搭配 flexible body 柔韧的身体 Yoga helps you maintain a flexible body. (瑜伽能帮助你保持身体的柔韧性。) flexible material 柔韧的材料 This flexible material can be bent into various shapes. (这种柔韧的材料可以弯曲成各种形状。) flexible policy 灵活的政策 The company has a flexible policy on remote work. (公司在远程办公方面有灵活的政策。) Words and Expressions 新人教必修三 Unit 2 Thank You ! $